CN1268757C - Method for producing porous starch and its application - Google Patents
Method for producing porous starch and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN1268757C CN1268757C CN 200310106514 CN200310106514A CN1268757C CN 1268757 C CN1268757 C CN 1268757C CN 200310106514 CN200310106514 CN 200310106514 CN 200310106514 A CN200310106514 A CN 200310106514A CN 1268757 C CN1268757 C CN 1268757C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a production and application method for porous starch, which belongs to the field of biological modified starch. The present invention has the technical scheme that raw starch, such as a complex enzyme of a saccharifying enzyme and an alpha enzyme having hydrolysis vitality of raw starch is added to rice starch (long rice, round-shaped rice and glutinous rice), corn starch, cassava starch, batata starch and potato starch at the temperature below gelatinization temperature; the porous starch products are obtained through centrifugation, washing and drying after continuous stirring and isothermal reaction for a certain time; the oil absorbency is not less than 1.2 g/g, and the water absorption rate is not less than 1.7 g/g; the byproduct can be glucose syrup, the content of solid substances is not less than 80 %, the DE value is not less than 42, and the sugar cook temperature is not less than 126 DEG C. The present invention is widely used for a plurality of fields of application, such as edible essence, coloring matter, probiotic lactobacillus, an insecticidal agent, a fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, medicines, cosmetics, oil and paper pulp; various goal substances are absorbed by porous starch and are directly used, and slow release and goal substance protection can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of with biotechnology from giving birth to the method for Starch Production porous-starch, and with porous-starch as sorbent material, adsorb various biologically active substances, play the effect that the gentle slow release of protection is put object, belong to biological degeneration starch field.
Background technology
Porous-starch is a kind of living starch granules with hollow structure of similar hornet's nest shape, is be lower than the product that enzymic hydrolysis obtains through biological activity under the starch gelatinization temperature.Owing to be hollow structure, has bigger adsorptive power; And itself be natural organic substance, can be used as natural organic adsorbent and use.
Porous-starch is mainly obtained by following several method: physical method, as ultrasonication, mechanical impact, spraying, pure sex change; Biological method is as enzymic hydrolysis.
In above several method, ultrasonication, pure sex change, mechanical impact method at present can't suitability for industrialized production; And spray method is after mixing with pure starch and gelatin etc., a kind of solid-end aggressiveness of forming of spraying again, and adsorption only occurs in the pit on surface, and adsorptive capacity is limited, and application prospect is also pessimistic; The most with practical value is enzymatic hydrolysis process.Because the produced amylolysis enzyme source is in microorganism, by fermentation, but the mass industrialized production zymin, and enzymolysis produce the technology of porous-starch simple, be easy to control.
Japan once was exclusively used in the farinose saccharifying enzyme of hydrolysis with the aspergillus fermentative production, remake to be used for giving birth to starch granules, thereby obtained porous-starch.And complex form how to utilize existing industrial saccharifying enzyme and α-Dian Fenmei is produced porous-starch, has bigger exploitation and is worth.
Summary of the invention
The production and the application method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of porous-starch.
Technical scheme: the present invention utilizes existing industrial saccharifying enzyme and α-Dian Fenmei, be lower than the living starch of hydrolysis under the starch gelatinization temperature by the complex enzyme hydrolysis technology, produce porous-starch in enormous quantities, by product is used for producing glucose syrup, has reached the complete utilization or the process for cleanly preparing of raw material.After obtaining porous-starch, utilize the high absorption property of porous-starch to adsorb all kinds of materials, prepare sustained release preparation, as coffee in powder form essence (having slow release effect), release controlled fertilizer (urea), slow-release pesticide, and active ingredient, as bifidobacteria viable bacteria powder, active V
APowder etc.When wherein porous-starch is used for the bifidobacteria viable bacteria powder, drying process with atomizing production that not only can be easy to use, quick, cheap, and also the goods that obtain are also superior than original freeze drying process product on storage performance.
Technical process of the present invention is: starch obtains the porous-starch product through enzymolysis, the washing of centrifugal, solid substance, drying; The hydrolysis supernatant liquor obtains the glucose syrup by product through decolouring, filtration, vacuum concentration.
To give birth to starch, be lower than under the starch gelatinization temperature as Starch rice (long-grained nonglutinous rice, polished rice and glutinous rice), W-Gum, tapioca (flour), sweet potato starch and yam starch, adding saccharifying enzyme and diastatic prozyme with produced amylolysis vigor mixes with damping fluid, proportioning is: give birth to starch 1kg, saccharifying enzyme 0.05-0.08kg, α-Dian Fenmei 0.02-0.05kg, the 0.2mol/L Na about pH4
2HPO
4-0.1mol/L citrate buffer solution 1-2L.Under constantly stirring, behind constant temperature (30-60 ℃) the reaction certain hour (20-60h), by centrifugation, solid substance washes with water with the solid substance in the reaction system and supernatant liquor, centrifuge washing is till washings is neutrality again, and solid substance can obtain the porous-starch product through warm air drying; The hydrolysis supernatant liquor filters through 2% activated carbon decolorizing, obtains the glucose syrup by product behind the vacuum concentration.
Produce porous-starch with present method, raw starch is all utilized, the yield of porous-starch 〉=50%, oil absorbency 〉=1.2g/g, water-intake rate 〉=1.7g/g.Byproduct is a glucose syrup, solid content 〉=80%, DE value 〉=42, light yellow color and luster, sugar cook temperature 〉=126 ℃.
As sorbent material, porous-starch is compared with native starch following characteristic: the specific pore volume that (1) is bigger; (2) bigger specific surface area; (3) tap density, pellet density are low; (4) good suction, oil absorption.
In addition, porous-starch itself also has following feature: (1) has excellent mechanical intensity under drying regime; (2) be dispersed in water and other solvents and can keep tangible structural integrity; (3) course of processing is not used chemical reagent, and safety is nontoxic.
Behind porous-starch absorption object, that desired substance can be made into is Powdered, liquid, butteriness, drug sheet or other applicable shapes.
Can be related to a plurality of fields by the object that porous-starch adsorbs,, can sort out as follows as food flavour, pigment, probiotic bacterium, sterilant, chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, medicine, makeup, printing ink, pulp:
(1) easily oxidation, material decomposition or photosensitivity in the air, and the material that needs protection in processing, storage are as fish oil DHA, EPA, vitamin-E, vitamin A, β-Hu Luobusu, Lyeopene, pigment, bifidobacteria viable bacteria etc.;
(2) need the slowly material of release, as food flavour, pigment, sterilant, chemical fertilizer, sweeting agent (aspartame), acidic flavoring agent, spice, enzyme, food flavouring;
(3) need the grease or the fat-soluble material of powdered;
(4) need the material of high magnification homogeneous dilution or need the heavy material of intimate mixing, as medicine, pigment, Gelucystine, agricultural chemicals;
(5) material of unpleasant odor (bitter, stink) is arranged.
The present invention realizes that by the following method porous-starch is used: directly use after utilizing the hollow structure absorption object of porous-starch, object can be water miscible, oil-soluble or be dissolved in the material of organic solvent, through centrifugal, be drying to obtain required preparation after the absorption.
Technical process is: porous-starch mixes with object, whip attachment, more centrifugal (or dry) obtain finished product.
The absorbing process of porous-starch absorption object is as follows:
When (1) adsorbed material was liquid, the solution spray that will contain adsorbed material or joined starch granules in the solution that contains adsorbed material to starch granules, again with filtering or centrifugation goes out the particle that has adsorbed material, dry then getting final product.The load degree can be controlled by regulating the concentration of desired substance in solution.
When (2) adsorbed material is solid, two kinds of solid high-speed mixing are got final product.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) utilize the complex form of existing industrial enzyme preparation to produce porous-starch, raw material conveniently is easy to get, and production cost reduces greatly, and the adsorption rate of product porous-starch is higher;
(2) supernatant liquor that will produce porous-starch is prepared into glucose syrup, has accomplished the complete utilization of raw starch, does not have waste, and whole technology is the cleaner production process;
(3) porous-starch is used as sorbent material, directly uses behind the absorption object, do not need through wrapping up or microcapsule again, application art is simple;
(4) with probiotic bacteriums such as porous-starch absorption bifidobacteria viable bacterias, directly carry out spraying drying, replace conventional freeze drying process, reduce the preparation cost of viable bacteria powder greatly.With the viable bacteria powder enteric solubility capsule of packing into, obtain the enteric solubility viable bacteria.Its storage performance is superior to lyophilized powder.
In sum, product porous-starch of the present invention has excellent adsorption performance and huge application potential as natural organic adsorbent.
The present invention is applicable to general purified starch producer, chemically modified starch producer and normal food, medicine, chemical industry, agricultural chemicals and agrochemical producer.Scale is changeable, and very flexible, adaptability is extremely strong.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
It is about 4 0.2mol/L Na that 1kg long-grained nonglutinous rice starch is joined 1-2L pH
2HPO
4In-0.1mol/L the citrate buffer solution, and constantly stir, add 0.05kg saccharifying enzyme and 0.05kg α-Dian Fenmei again, 40 ℃ of continuous stirring reaction 24h of constant temperature.Centrifugal, supernatant liquor and precipitation to be separated, precipitation washes with water, and is centrifugal again till supernatant liquor is neutrality.Precipitation promptly gets the porous-starch product through warm air drying.
Supernatant liquor after reaction finishes concentrates (vacuum tightness 0.01Mpa, 80 ℃) through decolouring (adding 2% gac), can obtain the glucose syrup of solid content 〉=80%.
Embodiment 2:
It is about 4 0.2mol/L Na that the 1kg W-Gum is joined 1-2L pH
2HPO
4In-0.1mol/L the citrate buffer solution, and constantly stir, add 0.05kg saccharifying enzyme and 0.05kg α-Dian Fenmei again, 40 ℃ of continuous stirring reaction 20h of constant temperature.Centrifugal, supernatant liquor and precipitation to be separated, precipitation washes with water, and is centrifugal again till supernatant liquor is neutrality.Precipitation promptly gets the porous-starch product through warm air drying.
Supernatant liquor after reaction finishes concentrates (vacuum tightness 0.01Mpa, 80 ℃) through decolouring (adding 2% gac), can obtain the glucose syrup of solid content 〉=80%.
Embodiment 3:
It is about 4 0.2mol/L Na that the 1kg tapioca (flour) is joined 1-2L pH
2HPO
4In-0.1mol/L the citrate buffer solution, and constantly stir, add 0.05kg saccharifying enzyme and 0.05kg α-Dian Fenmei again, 40 ℃ of continuous stirring reaction 24h of constant temperature.Centrifugal, supernatant liquor and precipitation to be separated, precipitation washes with water, and is centrifugal again till supernatant liquor is neutrality.Precipitation promptly gets the porous-starch product through warm air drying.
Supernatant liquor after reaction finishes concentrates (vacuum tightness 0.01Mpa, 80 ℃) through decolouring (adding 2% gac), can obtain the glucose syrup of solid content 〉=80%.
Embodiment 4:
It is about 4 0.2mol/L Na that the 1kg yam starch is joined 1-2L pH
2HPO
4In-0.1mol/L the citrate buffer solution, and constantly stir, add 0.05kg saccharifying enzyme and 0.05kg α-Dian Fenmei again, 40 ℃ of continuous stirring reaction 56h of constant temperature.Centrifugal, supernatant liquor and precipitation to be separated, precipitation washes with water, and is centrifugal again till supernatant liquor is neutrality.Precipitation promptly gets the porous-starch product through warm air drying.
Supernatant liquor after reaction finishes concentrates (vacuum tightness 0.01Mpa, 80 ℃) through decolouring (adding 2% gac), can obtain the glucose syrup of solid content 〉=80%.
Embodiment 5:
It is about 4 0.2mol/L Na that the 1kg sweet potato starch is joined 1-2L pH
2HPO
4In-0.1mol/L the citrate buffer solution, and constantly stir, add 0.05kg saccharifying enzyme and 0.05kg α-Dian Fenmei again, 40 ℃ of continuous stirring reaction 40h of constant temperature.Centrifugal, supernatant liquor and precipitation to be separated, precipitation washes with water, and is centrifugal again till supernatant liquor is neutrality.Precipitation promptly gets the porous-starch product through warm air drying.
Supernatant liquor after reaction finishes concentrates (vacuum tightness 0.01Mpa, 80 ℃) through decolouring (adding 2% gac), can obtain the glucose syrup of solid content 〉=80%.
Embodiment 6:
The 1kg porous-starch is mixed with the 1kg coffee essence, stir 30min, centrifugal again (300rpm 20min), promptly gets coffee in powder form essence.Then this coffee in powder form essence is used for the production of chewing gum, can obtains the endurable chewing gum product of fragrance, can guarantee that (being set at 30min) between the usage period of chewing gum has strong fragrance to discharge always.
Embodiment 7:
With 1kg porous-starch absorption 1kg urea, directly this adsorptive is sprinkling upon the field, by simulating nature rainy day environment, even found that continuous always downpour after fertilising, still had certain residual quantity on the 4th day, and all ran off and ative starch urea in 1 day is basic.
Embodiment 8:
With 1kg SD-1750 or pyrethroid insecticides and 1kg porous-starch mixing and absorption, in the plastics bag of packing into, every packed 20g, tighten pocket, hang on indoorly, the space of every 40-50 cubic meter hangs one bag, close the doors and windows more than the 1.5h, can kill indoor mosquitos and flies, about 2 to 3 months lasting periods.If just sterilant is packed simply into plastics bag, the lasting period has only 1 month.
Embodiment 9:
Adsorb bifidobacteria viable bacteria with porous-starch, make the suspension of 40% solid content, spraying drying (170 ℃ of inlet temperature, 65 ℃ of air outlet temperatures), the thalline survival rate reaches 2.3%.In spray-drying process behind the porous-starch absorption viable bacteria its viable bacteria survival rate than without the height of porous-starch absorption nearly 2 orders of magnitude.With the spray-dired viable bacteria powder enteric coated capsule of packing into, the bifidobacteria viable bacteria powder that obtains having enteric solubility.With the normal freeze-drying viable bacteria powder enteric coated capsule of packing into equally, under non-strictly anaerobic condition, quicken storage together, the survival performance of the viable bacteria body that spraying drying obtains behind the porous-starch absorption viable bacteria is superior to lyophilize viable bacteria powder.Promptly be set in 1 year the thalline viable count order of magnitude that descends, so, requiring with the minimum storage temperature of the spray-drying powder of porous-starch absorption is 20.1 ℃, and the minimum reserve temperature of freezing powder is 14.7 ℃.
Embodiment 10:
With 1kg porous-starch absorption 1kgV
APreparation, by the roller drying slaking, uncovered placement two days, V
ARemaining 99.37%, and with the V of ative starch absorption
ARemaining have only 65.49%.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method from Starch Production porous-starch and by product glucose syrup, it is characterized in that utilizing existing industrial saccharifying enzyme and α-Dian Fenmei, give birth to Starch Production and obtain porous-starch being lower than under the starch gelatinization temperature hydrolysis by the complex enzyme hydrolysis technology, byproduct of reaction is used for producing glucose syrup, and technology is:
A) prozyme that will give birth to starch, saccharifying enzyme and α-Dian Fenmei mixes with damping fluid, and proportioning is: give birth to starch 1kg, saccharifying enzyme 0.05-0.08kg, α-Dian Fenmei 0.02-0.05kg, damping fluid 1-2L;
B) under 30-60 ℃ of temperature, and constantly stir isothermal reaction 20-60h;
C) with the solid substance in the reaction system and supernatant liquor by centrifugation;
D) solid substance washes with water, and centrifuge washing is till washings is neutrality again;
E) solid substance promptly gets the porous-starch product through warm air drying;
F) in the hydrolysis supernatant liquor, add 2% activated carbon decolorizing, filter, concentrate, obtain the glucose syrup by product.
2, production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the technical indicator of main products porous-starch is: yield 〉=50%, oil absorbency 〉=1.2g/g, water-intake rate 〉=1.7g/g.
3, production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the by product glucose syrup is light yellow color and luster, solid content 〉=80% wherein, its DE value 〉=42, sugar cook temperature 〉=126 ℃.
4, production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is Starch rice, W-Gum, tapioca (flour), sweet potato starch or yam starch that raw material is given birth to starch.
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