CN1264923C - 输油或气软管的聚酰胺组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种组合物,包含以重量计的:*70到96%的至少一种聚酰胺,该聚酰胺选自PA-11、PA-12、由6到12个碳原子脂肪族二胺与9到12个碳原子脂肪族二酸缩聚而成的脂肪族聚酰胺以及90%以上尼龙-11单元或者90%以上尼龙-12单元的11/12共聚多酰胺;*4到10%增塑剂;*0-25%NBR或H-NBR弹性体;以及*增塑剂和弹性体数量的总和在4到30%之间。该组合物可通过用热塑性塑料标准的技术熔融共混各组分而制备。它们特别适用于海上油和气田开采中的管材。它们表现出非常好的抗老化性。本发明还涉及由至少一层上述组合物的管材。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种输油或气软管的以聚酰胺为基础的组合物。在海上石油或气体矿藏的开采中必须使用软管连接在平台周围的各种装置。这些管必须在可能长达20年之久的时间里经受住灼热的油、气体、水和至少两种上述产物的混合物的作用。这些管通常由非渗透性的金属内层组成,该金属内层由金属带卷绕成螺旋形,如互联的带形成管状物,然后将聚合物挤出覆盖在该金属内层的表层以提供密封,最后附加上其他保护层和加强层,比如金属丝网和橡胶层。若表层温度低于40℃,该聚合物采用HDPE(高密度的聚乙烯),若高达90℃则采用聚酰胺,若高于90℃达到130℃,则用PVDF(聚偏二氟乙烯)。本发明涉及其中聚合物是聚酰胺的管材。现已开发了一种新的基于聚酰胺的组合物,它表现出较好的抗老化性。它也可以用于其它应用,特别是用于汽车。
背景技术
专利US 4 950 436公开了空调系统流体所用的管,该管包含由含聚烯烃的聚酰胺制成的内层,该聚烯烃如PE(聚乙烯)、PP(聚丙烯)或EPR(乙丙橡胶),并在管外有橡胶层,最外面为织物加强层。
专利DE4 132 123公开了和上述专利同样用途的管材,包括由含丙烯酸橡胶的聚酰胺形成的内层,这丙烯酸橡胶可以是丙烯酸酯/丙烯腈共聚物,然后管外面有织物加强层,最后为可由NBR(丁腈橡胶的缩写)形成的最外层。
专利FR1 592 857公开了聚酰胺、丁腈橡胶和增塑剂的共混物。该丁腈橡胶的性能没有特别规定,其中大多数实施例是与基于熔点为120℃的聚酰胺共聚物的共混物有关。实施例3描述了由75份PA-6、25份丁腈橡胶和30到52份作增塑剂的间苯二酚组成的共混物。这些共混物被用作胶粘剂。
专利DE3 439 312公开了用于空调系统流体的管材、该管材由内层和外层组成,内层是由以重量计的30到70%(优选40到60%)的聚酰胺和70到30%(优选60到40%)的橡胶的共混物制成;外层由聚烯烃制成,该聚烯烃带有可与内层粘附的官能团。该橡胶可以是丁腈橡胶。
专利US4 567 238公开了由聚酰胺共混物构成的管以及由带环氧官能团的丁腈橡胶与表氯醇橡胶(即带醚官能团的橡胶)和用于交联橡胶的二酸的共混物构成。最富含聚酰胺的实施例是包含80%PA-12、10%带环氧官能团的NBR、和作为表氯醇橡胶/环氧乙烷共聚物的醇橡胶(HYDRINrubber)。
上述这些现有技术文献没有涉及用于海上作业的管材,或者说没有涉及温度的影响或与流体接触造成的老化。海上作业管材所用聚酰胺通常是PA-11或PA-12,但为了更易于挤出和减小弯曲模量必需加入增塑剂。上述聚酰胺是合适的,但它们也有老化快的缺点。“老化”一词被理解为指机械性能如断裂伸长率和拉伸强度下降的意思。作业温度越高,老化越快。现已发现老化不仅是因为在产品运输过程中湿气的作用造成聚酰胺的缓慢水解,而且是因为由于增塑剂迁移引起聚酰胺微晶结构的重组。增塑剂由于与油或气体接触而被萃取出来。增塑剂数量因此减少,所以,加入NBR或H-NBR(氢化丁腈橡胶)弹性体是有利的。
专利US5614683描述了通过摩尔质量的变化来监控PA-11的老化。但没有提到增塑剂,也没有提出补救方法。
发明概述
本发明是一种组合物,包含以重量计的:
*70到96%至少一种聚酰胺,选自PA-11、PA-12、由6到12个碳原子的脂肪族二胺与9到12个碳原子的脂肪族二酸缩聚而成的脂肪族聚酰胺以及90%以上尼龙-11单元或90%以上尼龙-12单元的11/12共聚多酰胺;
*4到10%的增塑剂;
*0-25%的NBR或H-NBR弹性体;以及
*增塑剂和弹性体数量的总和在4到30%之间。
这些组合物可通过使用热塑性塑料的标准技术熔融共混各组分来制备。它们特别适用于海上油和气田开采中所用管材。它们具有非常好的抗老化性。它们也适用于汽车中较简单的管材,这些组合物可经受汽车发动机罩下的高温和传输流体本身引起的老化。
本发明还涉及包含至少一层此组合物层的管材。这些管材或者用于海上作业或者用于汽车用简单管材。
发明详述
关于聚酰胺,数均分子量Mn通常大于或等于25000并优选在40000到100000之间。重均分子量Mw通常大于40000并优选在50000到100000之间。其比浓对数粘度通常大于0.7(在20℃,每立方厘米间甲酚含5×10-3克试样条件下测量)。
由具有6到12个碳原子脂肪族二胺与具有9到12个碳原子脂肪族二酸缩聚的脂肪族聚酰胺的例子可以列举如下:
PA-6,12,由六亚甲基二胺与1,12-十二烷基二酸缩聚而成;
PA-9,12,由C9二胺与1,12-十二烷基二酸缩聚而成;
PA-10,10,由C10二胺与1,10-癸二酸缩聚而成;以及
PA-10,12,由C9二胺与1,12-十二烷基二酸缩聚而成。
关于11/12共聚多酰胺,具有大于90%的尼龙-11单元或大于90%的尼龙-12单元,这些由1-氨基十一烷酸与十二内酰胺(或称C12α,Ω氨基酸)缩聚而成。
聚酰胺含有在缩聚中加入的有机或无机催化剂是有利的。优选磷酸或连二磷酸。催化剂的量相对聚酰胺的量,可高达3000ppm,优选在50和1000ppm之间。
使用聚酰胺共混物也在本发明范围之内。
聚酰胺PA-11或PA-12是优选的。
关于增塑剂,选自苯磺酰胺衍生物,如N-丁基苯磺酰胺(BBSA),乙基甲苯磺酰胺或N-环己基甲苯磺酰胺;羟基苯甲酸的酯,如对羟基苯甲酸2-乙基己酯和对羟基苯甲酸2-癸基己酯;四氢糠醇的酯或醚,如低聚乙烯氧基四氢糠醇;和柠檬酸或羟丙二酸的酯,如低聚乙烯氧基丙二酸酯。特别优选增塑剂是N-丁基苯磺酰胺(BBSA)。使用增塑剂混合物也在本发明范围之内。
可以在缩聚反应过程中或稍后将增塑剂加入到聚酰胺中。
关于弹性体,这些产品本身是公知的,并在例如ULLMAN’SENCYCLOPEDIA OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY第5版第A23卷255-261页描述过,所述内容引入本申请。NBR是优选的。该弹性体也可以是交联的,并且要求NBR带有羧基或环氧官能团或加入交联剂,只要不会引起聚酰胺的降解。
至于用量比,增塑剂的用量比在5到9%之间是有利的,弹性体的用量比例在8到22%之间,分别对于增塑剂和弹性体总量的13到30%之间。
聚酰胺用量优选在72和92%之间是有利的,分别相应于增塑剂和弹性体总用量在28到8%之间是有利的。
本发明组合物还可包括添加剂,如抗氧剂,UV稳定剂,颜料和其他稳定剂。这些产品本身是公知的,并且常用于聚酰胺。这些添加剂用量对每100重量份聚酰胺、增塑剂和弹性体混合物高达5重量份,优选在0.5到2重量份之间的用量。该组合物是通过在混合设备,优选地在挤出机中,由熔融共混各组分而制备的。该组合物通常以粒料回收。优选的是,将作为防结块剂的硬脂酸钙通过简单的干混加入到这些粒料中。然后将这些粒料熔融挤出在形成管材内层的金属外壳的上面。建议在粒料被熔融加工之前充分干燥这些粒料。含水量低于0.2%是有利的,优选低于0.07%。
实施例
我们使用下述产品:
NBR:丙烯腈(19%)/丁二烯无规共聚物,密度为0.98克/立方厘米,在100℃时的门尼粘度ML(1+4)为45±5;
PA-11:尼龙-11,密度为1.03克/立方厘米,ISO比浓对数粘度为1.35dl/g;
BBSA:N-丁基苯磺酰胺(增塑剂);
Stab:“光和热”稳定剂体系。
在所有实施例中,比浓对数粘度在20℃,在每立方厘米间甲酚含5×10-3克聚酰胺的溶液中测量。校正的ISO比浓对数粘度值使用下述公式得到:
ηISO校正=η测量×100/[(100%-x%)×1.034]
式中x%=可萃取物的含量
NBR用液氮冷却后在LANCELIN粉碎机中在有防结块剂(硬脂酸钙)的存在下预先研磨(先以16毫米筛目预磨,然后以6毫米的筛目进一步研磨)。
上述产品在WERNER40(D/L=40)型同向旋转双螺杆挤出机中混料。后者包括从F1到F9以及模头10个区域。
加料区域F1不加热而所有其它区域设置270℃的平坦温度分布曲线。
聚酰胺、NBR和Stab添加剂通过两独立称量加料装置以干混料形式加入到F1区域。
增塑剂(BBSA)由计量泵在F6-7区域加入。在F4区域抽真空至相对压力为360毫米汞柱。
螺杆转速为300rpm(转/分钟)时,模具出口挤出速率为70公斤/小时。挤出物在水箱冷却后造粒。之后将各实验得到的粒料在80℃下干燥12小时,然后测定含湿度后(含水量%=0.08%)包装于密封袋中。
表1给出了所制各种配料的成分,以及在挤出中记录的一些数据(机头温度和压力、转矩)。%数值表示重量%数值。真空度保持在使各次实验中机头压力恒定在17/18巴。
表1
实验 | 1 | 2(比较) | 3 | 4 |
PA-11(%) | 91.8 | 86.8 | 80.1 | 73.3 |
BBSA(%) | 7 | 12 | 8.7 | 5.5 |
NBR | 0 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
Stab(%) | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
机头温度(Headmat.Temp.)(℃) | 279 | 277 | 279 | 285 |
机头压力(巴) | 18 | 17/18 | 9/10 | 9/10 |
转矩(%) | 70 | 74 | 67 | 63 |
PA-11/NBR合金的结构形态由冷冻断裂面用四氧化锇染色后用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测定。在两个试样中(实验3和4),观察到NBR微粒在PA-11基体中相对均匀的分散。上述实验3含10%的NBR,颗粒尺寸通常在0.1微米到1.5微米之间。在实验4中,含20%的NBR,除聚集的颗粒之外,颗粒尺寸通常在0.2微米到2.7微米之间。
由上述实验的粒料挤出/压延制得2毫米厚的带料(切成200×200×2mm3)。挤出机是AMUT型(L/D=32;D=70毫米)并且在220℃的平坦温度分布曲线下操作。压延机是AMUT型,设置5个辊温度分别为:45/45/60/20/20℃。
用下料模切出片材以便得到各种型材和试样,随后用于组合物性能和老化研究。
表2给出了各实验配料在加工(挤出/压延)后的相关分子量。
表2
实验 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
校正的ISO比浓对数粘度值 | 1.8 | 1.78 | - | - |
数均分子量Mn | 37800 | 40700 | 28650 | 23950 |
重均分子量Mw | 77600 | 74080 | 54850 | 51880 |
老化试验
老化试验是通过在合适的温度下(通常110-140℃)把试片(和/或试棒)浸在PH为7的水中(或在2D柴油/水的混合物)。
试样置于高压容器中(H=32cm,Dint=8cm Vint=1.51),每一高压容器中大约20件ISO1/2试片。它们完全浸在1升蒸馏水中。每个高压容器通过流速50升/小时的氮气流吹扫3小时以惰化(脱氧)。此惰化方法通过直接测量出口的氧含量(%O2<2ppm)来检验。如果老化在水/油的混合物中进行,每种液体被分别惰化2小时(在与上述相同的条件下)然后将它们合在一起,(重调体积)并再次惰化1小时。
将这些惰化的高压容器放入炉中,设定在整个老化过程所要求的温度下(通常100-140℃)。每个试样取出后,更换液体并惰化高压容器。然后试样在进行各种评价实验之前将试样表面干燥,并存储于惰化的包装中。
按照根ISO 527 1BA标准在23℃下进行拉伸试验,所用自动拉伸试验机安装了ISO 1BA 1/2试件的光学伸长测量计,所述试件由挤出片料经模头切刀切割而成(见前面)。拉伸速率为25毫米/分钟,最初计量长度为25毫米。
弯曲特性(弹性表观弯曲模量)根据ISO 178:93标准测定。在INSTRON175型拉伸试验机上以2毫米/分钟的拉伸速率,对注射成型的、尺寸为80×10×4mm3的样条在23℃进行分析。
23℃抗冲强度测定是根据ISO 179-1/1eA标准进行,采用注射成型的、尺寸为80×10×4mm3的带缺口试样。所用摆锤冲击试验机是ZWICK5102型,用NOTCHVIS自动开缺口机开缺口(A类V字缺口)。两支撑点的距离为62毫米。
分子量由WATERSALL/GPC 150型仪器上用静态分离色谱(SEC)(stearic exclusion chromatography)测定,所述仪器安装了PlgelMIXED-B10微米的毛细柱。聚酰胺的试样(30毫克)经`3小时溶于130℃的苄醇。分析也在130℃进行。
结果
试验结果表:机械性能,未老化
试验 | 纯PA-11 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
弯曲模量(MPa) | 1030 | 420 | 310 | 300 | 350 |
23℃单梁冲击强度(J/m) | + | + | + | ++ | +++ |
拉伸试验:断裂强度(MPa) | 50 | 71.1 | 69.2 | 57.5 | 41 |
拉伸试验:断裂伸长率(%) | 310 | 372 | 398 | 387 | 302 |
在125℃重量差Δ%(2D柴油) | 2.5 | -3.5 | -6.5 | 1.40%* | 1.46* |
(*)实验在ASTM No.3油中进行(和2D柴油类似的油);
符号+越多,结果越好。
老化试验结果表
试验 | 纯PA-11 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
在140℃水中 | 拉伸半衰期在半衰期时的Mw | ++++ | +++ | + | ++ | ++ |
31500 | 31000 | 31000 | 29000 | 29000 | ||
在120℃水中 | 拉伸半衰期在半衰期时的Mw | ++++ | +++ | + | ++ | ++ |
39000 | 39000 | 39500 | 35000 | 31000 | ||
在120℃油/水中 | 拉伸半衰期在半衰期时的Mw | +++++ | +++ | + | ++ | ++ |
同上在120℃水中 | 同上在120℃水中 | 同上在120℃水中 | 同上在120℃水中 | 同上在120℃水中 |
拉伸半衰期是断裂伸长率下降一半以后的时间。
随着BBSA被萃取,热力学性能(结晶性)变化。把几颗组合物1(7%BBSA)和组合物2(12%BBSA)粒料放在玻璃管中,在真空下,120℃时萃取增塑剂5天。5天后从这些试样中可萃取的量为0。试样被萃取前后的热力学性能由DSC分析测定。根据修正的ISO 11357-1标准,用PERKIN ELMERDSC 7型仪器在氮气氛中进行这样的分析,条件如下:
-范围从20℃到240℃;
-第一加热/冷却/第二加热:
20/40/20℃/分钟。
试验 | 1 | 2 | |
萃取之前 | Tm(℃) | 184.1 | 183.7 |
第一加热ΔH(J/g) | 42.1 | 41.9 | |
结晶温度Xc(℃) | 20.1 | 21.1 | |
萃取之后 | Tm(℃) | 188.7 | 188.4 |
第二加热ΔH(J/g) | 46.8 | 49.1 | |
结晶度Xc(℃) | 22 | 25.6 |
Claims (10)
1.一种组合物,包含以重量计的:
*72到92%至少一种聚酰胺,该聚酰胺选自聚酰胺-11、聚酰胺-12、由6到12个碳原子的脂肪族二胺与9到12个碳原子的脂肪族二酸缩聚而成的脂肪族聚酰胺以及具有90%以上聚酰胺-11单元或者90%以上聚酰胺-12单元的11/12共聚多酰胺;
*5-9%增塑剂;
*8-22%的丁腈橡胶或氢化丁腈橡胶弹性体;以及
增塑剂和弹性体的总量在8到28%之间。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述聚酰胺选自聚酰胺-11和聚酰胺-12。
3.根据前述任一权利要求的组合物,其中所述增塑剂是N-丁基苯磺酰胺。
4.根据权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述聚酰胺含有选自磷酸或连二磷酸的催化剂。
5.根据权利要求3的组合物,其中所述聚酰胺含有选自磷酸或连二磷酸的催化剂。
6.根据权利要求4的组合物,其中所述催化剂的量相对该聚酰胺高达3000ppm。
7.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中所述催化剂的量相对该聚酰胺高达3000ppm。
8.根据权利要求6的组合物,其中所述催化剂的量在50到1000ppm之间。
9.根据权利要求7的组合物,其中所述催化剂的量在50到1000ppm之间。
10.一种管材,包含一层由前述任一权利要求的组合物所组成的层。
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2003
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- 2003-02-14 DK DK06001390.1T patent/DK1652887T3/da active
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- 2003-02-27 BR BRPI0300481-3A patent/BRPI0300481B1/pt unknown
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- 2003-03-03 AU AU2003200770A patent/AU2003200770B2/en not_active Ceased
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CN102144152A (zh) * | 2008-09-08 | 2011-08-03 | 阿克马法国公司 | 预先确定聚合物组合物的疲劳寿命的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7045185B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 |
EP1652887A3 (fr) | 2007-08-01 |
DK1652887T3 (da) | 2013-01-28 |
EP1652887A2 (fr) | 2006-05-03 |
CA2420398A1 (fr) | 2003-09-04 |
CN1442451A (zh) | 2003-09-17 |
JP2012111965A (ja) | 2012-06-14 |
DE60319903T2 (de) | 2009-04-16 |
EP1342754A1 (fr) | 2003-09-10 |
JP4051624B2 (ja) | 2008-02-27 |
US20030220449A1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
NO20030786D0 (no) | 2003-02-19 |
RU2266309C2 (ru) | 2005-12-20 |
BR0300481A (pt) | 2004-08-17 |
DE60319903D1 (de) | 2008-05-08 |
DK1342754T3 (da) | 2008-07-14 |
JP2003253117A (ja) | 2003-09-10 |
JP2007308721A (ja) | 2007-11-29 |
AU2003200770B2 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
NO337376B1 (no) | 2016-03-29 |
US6913043B2 (en) | 2005-07-05 |
BRPI0300481B1 (pt) | 2017-11-07 |
EP1342754B1 (fr) | 2008-03-26 |
CA2420398C (fr) | 2009-10-13 |
BRPI0300481A8 (pt) | 2017-10-03 |
ATE390463T1 (de) | 2008-04-15 |
US20050101745A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
NO20030786L (no) | 2003-09-05 |
EP1652887B1 (fr) | 2012-10-31 |
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