CN1264689A - Process for preparing magnetic or gas fertilizer - Google Patents

Process for preparing magnetic or gas fertilizer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1264689A
CN1264689A CN 00103000 CN00103000A CN1264689A CN 1264689 A CN1264689 A CN 1264689A CN 00103000 CN00103000 CN 00103000 CN 00103000 A CN00103000 A CN 00103000A CN 1264689 A CN1264689 A CN 1264689A
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fertilizer
magnetic
gas
thermal treatment
making method
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CN 00103000
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Chinese (zh)
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周烑秀
潘永信
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Individual
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D7/00—Fertilisers producing carbon dioxide

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

A process for preparing gas fertilizer and magnetic fertilizer uses the raw siderite ore as raw material and includes separating ore, crushing, grinding, heat treating to separate out gas fertilizer which is directly introduced to greenhouse or shed, magnetizing the residual solid, and proportionally mixing it with N, P, K and trace elements. Its advantages are high magnetism of magnetic fertilizer, less consumption of fertilizer, and no environmental pollution.

Description

The making method of magnetic, gas fertilizer
The present invention relates to the making method of a kind of magnetic, gas fertilizer.
Magnetic fertilizer:
Flyash after magnetic field treatment applies in the soil as the soil magnetism modifying agent, can improve soil physical and Soil structure, improves the soil ventilation ventilation property.Simultaneously, can change the redox state and the pH value of soil, accelerate redox processes in the soil, promote the form transformation of farm crop breathing, metabolic process and nutritive element, also can reduce soil hydrolytic acid, improve pH value.Select suitable magnetic field magnetisation, around magnetic-particle, cause the ferromagnetism zone, can cause that a series of magnetic chemical reactions and magnetic bioreaction take place to reach root system of plant in the soil on every side, thereby strengthen plant, thereby can promote the volume increase of farm crop moisture, nutrient absorbing ability.
The magnetic effect agricultural application is nearly 40 years thing, and to the beginning of the eighties, states such as USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), Czech have reported and used the experience that magnetizable powder coal ash, iron powder etc. are made soil improvement agent that China has also carried out relevant research.Nineties beginning, magnetic fertilizer (magnetizable powder coal ash) begins to come into the market, in succession development and production dozens of products such as magnetization fertilizer, organic-inorganic composite chemical fertilizer, magnetic mixture fertilizer.
The effect and the existing problems of existing magnetic fertilizer:
Over the years, carry out the experiment of magnetic fertilizer effect, affirmed that substantially magnetic fertilizer improves ecological environment of soil, promoted crop growth, increased output, improved the good action of quality.
1. magnetic fertilizer all has effect of increasing production significantly to food crop, cash crop, vegetables, fruit tree, generally increases production 10-15%, and total trend is: the paddy field is better than dry land, and the effect of cohesive soil is more effective than the sandy soil, and sour earth is more effective than the alkaline soil;
2. the reduction soil weight improves the soil granulation structure, improves soil water permeability, strengthens soil drought resisting, waterlogging-resistant ability, also can improve soil ground temperature;
3. reduce the acidity of soil, promote soil nutrient to transform;
4. promote the biological activity of soil;
5. promote seed germination and growth, anti-, improve crops quality;
The problem of its existence is:
1. the amount of executing is big, and the mu consumption reaches the 300-500 kilogram, and trucking costs is big, and the fertilising labor capacity is big, is difficult to promote;
2. the fine coal ash composition is determined by ature of coal, contains multiple element, and particularly some harmful elements accumulate year by year, causes new pollution, makes Soil degradation.
Gaseous fertilizer
Gas fertilizer enriches principle:
Carbonic acid gas (CO 2) be the nontoxic gas of colorless and odorless, aerial content is 0.03-0.04% (being 300-400ppm).Plant is in photosynthesis, and the chlorophyll in the blade absorbs luminous energy, and carbonic acid gas and aquation are combined into organic substances such as sugar, starch, protein, fat, Mierocrystalline cellulose, flows to each organ such as leaf, flower, fruit, root, stem again.In rows of plants dewaters the remaining dry-matter of branch, come from photosynthesis more than 90%, and mineral elements such as the nitrogen that is absorbed, phosphorus, potassium are less than 5% from soil.Usually the every formation 1 gram dry-matter of plant just needs to absorb the carbonic acid gas about 1.6 grams, be about absorb 40 times of mineral element.Therefore, carbonic acid gas is called as " grain of plant ".
In the Nature; carbon dioxide in air can be supplied the needs of plant-growth continuously; but in protection ground such as the greenhouse that seals, booth; vegetables, fruit, flowers and other crops absorbing carbon dioxide from limited air constantly under illumination; Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide can not in time be replenished again; cause the reduction (about about 100ppm) of gas concentration lwevel in the greenhouse; make crop often be in the carbonic acid gas starvation; and can not satisfy the needs that normal growth is grown, this is the major reason that restriction chamber crop output and quality improve.
The Different Crop carbon dioxide absorption capability is different, and the gas concentration lwevel of optimum vegetable growth is about 1000-2000ppm when fine day, is about 500-1000ppm during the cloudy day.Far above Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide concentration.Straight line rises the crop photosynthesis action intensity with the raising of gas concentration lwevel within the specific limits.Therefore, in certain limit, increase gas concentration lwevel in the greenhouse, can make the crop healthy development, strengthen resistance against diseases, in advance and prolong harvesting time, increase substantially output, and the composition that has additional nutrients, improve the outward appearance of fruit, this technology is called as " gas fertilizer enriches " or " carbon dioxide fertilization ".Be widely used in the hothouse production of states such as Holland, Japan, Great Britain and America, popularity rate arrives more than 60% in some national hothouse productions at present.
The later stage eighties; along with protection ground technology such as heliogreenhouse, plastic greenhouse are popularized rapidly in China rural area; its enclosed space provides possibility for enriching gas fertilizer; and protection ground internal cause is sealed and the carbonic acid gas serious deficiency (is had only about 100PPM; be the 1/3-1/4 in the atmosphere); limited the normal growth of chamber crop, the raising of more unfavorable crop yield and the improvement of quality.To further increase substantially the throughput in greenhouse, just must take to enrich the measure of gas fertilizer, impel to carry out and how to obtain research inexpensive, that be fit to the carbon dioxide air source used in the greenhouse again and study with fertile application technique of greenhouse gas and effect.At present, the gas of executing in greenhouse (containing booth) mainly contains following source: the one, and the steel cylinder carbonic acid gas is as source of the gas; The 2nd, carbonic acid gas chemistry producer promptly enriches method with the monoammonium sulfate carbonic acid gas; The 3rd, the manner Gaseous fertilizer apparatus that now provides.
The fertile effect brief introduction of gas:
Gas fertilizer has all been obtained good effect to the actual use of multiple greenhouse vegetable, fruit, flowers at present, mainly contains following several respects:
1. there is remarkable advantages aspects such as leaf thickness, leaf area, the number of blade, leaf look;
2. strengthen the sickness rate that crop that resistance against diseases enriches gas fertilizer can obviously reduce diseases such as Powdery Mildew, oidium, can reduce the applications of pesticide about 50%, this is to the development pollution-free green food, and reducing production costs all has active effect;
3. the ripen in advance crop that enriches gas fertilizer can shift to an earlier date usually and plucks listing about 7 days;
4. vegetables, its VITAMIN, sugar part, the dry matter etc. that improve nutritive ingredient, enrich gas fertilizer all have bright
Show and improve, mouthfeel and outward appearance all obviously are better than general vegetables;
5. prolong crops such as harvesting time such as cucumber, can postpone the nearly one month of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested;
6. increasing both production and income significantly, amount of increase in production are usually more than 30%, and part can be increased production at double.
According to incompletely statistics, China has the greenhouse now, the booth area reaches more than 1,000 ten thousand mu, and still in continuous expansion, but the application of gas fertilizer is in the stage at the early-stage, introduces as top, and gas fertilizer has a series of advantage for greenhouse crop growth.Input along with the system gas product that is fit to the peasant, will increase substantially per unit area yield and the ultimate production of China's greenhouse vegetable, flowers etc., improve quality, improve numerous vegetable growers, flower-grower's labour productivity and income, to stable and reduction vegetable price, improve vegetables quality, all will play a positive role for the people provide non-harmful green food.
Fertilizer is the important measures of increasing crop yield, the usage quantity of China's chemical fertilizer ranks first in the world, turnout occupies the second in the world, before and after 2000, China's chemical fertilizer demand is about ten thousand tons of 4000-4200, solving chemical fertilizer breach approach has two, and one continues to enlarge import or newly found the factory, and China's financial resources are difficult to realize at present.Its two, open up the new source of manure exactly and improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.New magnetic fertilizer opened up the new source of manure, improve the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer again.Preliminary study shows that the magnetic of magnetic fertilizer, fertilizer efficiency should reduce the common fertilizer consumption, and receive that same output can reduce the environmental pollution pollution level.
Above-described " magnetic fertilizer " is two diverse notions with " gaseous fertilizer ", demonstration research, different approaches industrialization in agricultural sector as the different specialties of two classes.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of original rock mineral (spathic iron ore) that utilize are provided, after special processing, make the magnetic fertilizer of high magnetic intensity, meanwhile, produce the method for CO 2 gas fertilizer again.
The present invention realizes like this, the present invention is based on mineral that spathic iron ore is taken place in heat treatment process change and magnetic changes characteristic derive development and, it is characterized in that adopting the ore of primary spathic iron ore to make raw material, through richness choosing, broken, mill and thermal treatment on special device, when heat treatment process, separate the fertilizer of giving vent to anger, directly apply greenhouse or booth, solid matter after the thermal treatment, can directly or with nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and trace element be done to impose in the soil after the suitable proportioning through the processing of magnetizing as magnetic fertilizer.
The present invention compared with the prior art, its advantage is:
1. the present invention produces corresponding carbon dioxide in the process of making when producing magnetic fertilizer, can supply the demand of big grid to carbonic acid gas simultaneously, and existing technology is single production magnetic fertilizer or gas fertilizer;
2. promptly the arable land fertilizer application amount of same area has only below 10% of magnetizable powder coal ash more than the order of magnitude than the high 1-2 of magnetizable powder coal ash for the fertile tool ferromagnetism of magnetic of the present invention, its residual magnetization, greatly reduces and transports and the labour;
3. the fertile tool pore of magnetic of the present invention observes a large amount of pores of uniform distribution in this magnetic-particle under electron microscope, its ventilation property, water-permeable are increased;
4. the granularity of magnetic fertilizer of the present invention can be done the variation of certain limit according to soil characteristic, as can making bigger particle to cement, and for the sandy fine particle made, improves soil better;
5. the fertile pollution-free material of magnetic of the present invention is better protected environment.After being manured into soil, heat can also be emitted, and soil constituent can be transformed into through oxygenizement;
6. abundant raw materials of the present invention, cost is low.
The present invention adopts the ore of primary spathic iron ore to make raw material, through richness choosing, broken, mill and thermal treatment on special device, when heat treatment process, separate the fertilizer (CO that gives vent to anger 2), directly apply greenhouse or booth.Mineral after the thermal treatment produce certain magnetic, as magnetic fertilizer, also need to handle to increase magnetic through magnetizing, and can directly or with nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and trace element do to impose in the soil after the suitable proportioning.
The composition of spathic iron ore mainly is iron carbonate FeCO 3(accounting for more than 95%), at a certain temperature, iron carbonate becomes the ferric oxide Fe of different structure 2O 3, and discharge carbonic acid gas (CO 2).The Fe of different structure 2O 3, mainly be Υ-Fe 2O 3And α-Fe 2O 3, Υ-Fe 2O 3Have strong magnetic, and α-Fe 2O 3Magnetic a little less than, as magnetic fertilizer mainly be Υ-Fe 2O 3
The present invention at first chooses the spathic iron ore rich ore, with ore reduction, be milled into different granularity (0.05-2mm, soil grades on raise crop is decided), ore after will pulverizing then places special-purpose device to heat-treat, its thermal treatment temp is 470-570 ℃, and the thermal treatment constant temperature time is 20-60 minute.For spathic iron ore, per 1000 gram ores can discharge carbonic acid gas 340 grams approximately, can be made into fertile about 660 grams of efficient magnetic simultaneously.
Embodiments of the invention:
The thermal treatment temp of embodiment 1 is 460-480 ℃, at this moment CO 2Begin to take place, produce a spot of magnetic thing Z 250 Fe 3O 4
The thermal treatment temp of embodiment 2 is 490-510 ℃, at this moment CO 2Constantly increase, the magnetic thing increasing, mainly still is Fe also 3O 4
The thermal treatment temp of embodiment 3 is 520-540 ℃, at this moment CO 2Roll up, the magnetic thing rolls up, and is mainly Fe 3O 4+ Υ-Fe 2O 3, react still incomplete;
The thermal treatment temp of embodiment 4 is 520-540 ℃, and keeps this temperature to 30-50 minute, CO 2All discharge, ore all forms Υ-Fe 2O 3The magnetic thing, present embodiment is a most preferred embodiment of the present invention;
The thermal treatment temp of embodiment 5 is 560-570 ℃, at this moment Υ-Fe 2O 3Reduce, and α-Fe occurs 2O 3, and increase gradually, magnetic is reduced.
The magnetic intensity that magnetizes through heat treated magnetic fertilizer of the present invention is made the powder of existing magnetic fertilizer
The coal ash high 1-2 of the intensity magnitude that magnetizes makes every mu of rate of fertilizer application for reducing.
Thermal treatment unit of the present invention is an electrically heated High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus.This thermal treatment unit is directly installed in each greenhouse, and the production well of the treated device of carbonic acid gas that is produced directly or by pipe special is released in the greenhouse.
The used raw material of the present invention is a spathic iron ore, and the resource of China's spathic iron ore is very abundant, nearly 2,000,000,000 tons of proven reserve at present, other has retained reserve that this number is also arranged and distributes very extensive, particularly western, the spathic iron ore reserves of economizing as Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi and Yunnan etc. are all above hundred million tons, be utilized only 10%, so raw material sources are very abundant, are extremely favourable especially to developing the western provinces.
Gas fertilizer provided by the present invention is to adopt special-purpose thermal treatment unit directly to use to (or booth) protection in the greenhouse by the gas exhaust duct of this device.The amount of capacity of thermal treatment unit can be made by the area size design in greenhouse, can the employing capacity be the device of 3-15 kilogram (raw material) generally, and 5 feather weight can produce about 1.7 kilograms of carbonic acid gas.If every day is executed 50 gram carbonic acid gas in every square metre of greenhouse, then the device of 5 feather weight can be for 300 square metres greenhouse.As for the magnetic fertilizer of making simultaneously, in both can directly being manured into soil, also can with nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer formulated for administered in the proper ratio.

Claims (9)

1. the making method of a magnetic, gas fertilizer, it is characterized in that adopting the primary ore masonry raw material of main iron content, carbon and oxygen, through richness choosing, broken, mill and thermal treatment on special device, when heat treatment process, isolate carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer, directly apply greenhouse or booth, solid matter after the thermal treatment, can directly or with nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and trace element be done to impose in the soil after the suitable proportioning through the processing of magnetizing as magnetic fertilizer.
2. the making method of magnetic according to claim 1, gas fertilizer is characterized in that described primary ore is the spathic iron ore ore, and spathic iron ore ore reduction and the granularity that is milled into are 0.05-2mm.
3. the making method of magnetic according to claim 1, gas fertilizer is characterized in that described thermal treatment temp is 470-570 ℃.
4. according to the making method of claim 1 or 3 described magnetic, gas fertilizer, it is characterized in that described thermal treatment temp is 510-550 ℃.
5. the making method of magnetic according to claim 1, gas fertilizer is characterized in that described thermal treatment constant temperature time is 20-60 minute.
6. the making method of magnetic, gas fertilizer according to claim 1 or 5 is characterized in that described thermal treatment constant temperature time is 30-50 minute.
7. the making method of magnetic according to claim 1, gas fertilizer is characterized in that flyash that the described magnetic intensity that magnetizes through heat treated magnetic fertilizer the is made magnetic fertilizer high 1-2 of the strength magnitude that magnetizes.
8. the making method of magnetic according to claim 1, gas fertilizer is characterized in that described thermal treatment unit is directly installed in each greenhouse, and the production well of the treated device of carbonic acid gas that is produced directly or by pipe special is released in the greenhouse.
9. the making method of magnetic according to claim 1, gas fertilizer is characterized in that described thermal treatment unit is an electrically heated High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, and its capacity is the 3-15 kilogram.
CN 00103000 2000-03-15 2000-03-15 Process for preparing magnetic or gas fertilizer Pending CN1264689A (en)

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CN 00103000 CN1264689A (en) 2000-03-15 2000-03-15 Process for preparing magnetic or gas fertilizer

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109650974A (en) * 2019-01-14 2019-04-19 湖南大学 Nitrogen loss and the method for improving composting production fertilizer efficiency in composting process are reduced using ferriferous oxide nano material
CN111548240A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-08-18 江西晟健肥业有限公司 Fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metals in soil absorbed by crops

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109650974A (en) * 2019-01-14 2019-04-19 湖南大学 Nitrogen loss and the method for improving composting production fertilizer efficiency in composting process are reduced using ferriferous oxide nano material
CN109650974B (en) * 2019-01-14 2021-07-09 湖南大学 Method for reducing nitrogen loss in composting process and improving fertilizer efficiency of compost product by using iron oxide nano material
CN111548240A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-08-18 江西晟健肥业有限公司 Fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metals in soil absorbed by crops

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