CN1252118A - 井下监控的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供一种方法和装置,可用来监控地下构造孔隙内各流体之间的界面和流体的其他物理特性。该装置(4)有一套筒(5),环绕该套筒形成的环状测量室(8)在使用时,在液流上与周围构造的孔隙连通,但在液压上与装有该装置(4)的生产井或其他井的井孔的其余部分隔绝。有一列电容型传感器或其他传感器(11)安装在测量室(8)内,可用来测量在室(8)内的流体间的界面或流体的其他物理特性。
Description
本发明涉及一种井下监控流体物理特性的方法和装置。
更具体点说,涉及一种监控井孔周围地下构造的孔隙内的流体的物理特性的方法和装置。
当生产流体如原油和天然气时,常需测量井下位置上所要生产流体的物理特性以资确保最优的生产。有关的特性为流体的压力、温度和组成。在水或燃气成为圆锥状聚集在生产油井周围的储油构造(reservoir formations)内,流体组成的监控尤为有用。因此在这种储油构造内的各种井下位置上连续监控油、燃气及/或水的界面的位置是一件特别有关系的事。
目前有多种方法可在井下监控流体的特性。
美国专利说明书2,564,198号曾公开一种方法,其中生产井的流入段被一装有一连串可膨胀栓塞的可拆除的测井仪划分成为多个亚段。
流到每一亚段内的流体的组成被一流体辨认装置监控,该辨认装置可测量所生产流体的导电率。
美国专利说明书5,132,903号曾公开一种方法,其中一个可撤走的探测器被下降到产油井的流入区域内,一个衬套可被强制抵压在钻孔壁上,形成一个密封室,用泵将流体从其内抽出,然后测量这样被抽出的孔隙内的流体。这种已公开的方法使人们能根据所生产流体介电性能的测量来确定油/水的浓度。其他介电的测井装置曾在美国专利2,973,477和4,677,386号、德国专利2621142及欧洲专利0111353的说明书中公开过。
这些已知监控技术的缺点是,所用测量设备只是临时地被下降到井内进行测量,并且这些方法主要测量流到井内的流体的特性。
本发明的一个目的是要提供一种方法和装置,使人们能对井孔周围结构孔隙内的流体的特性进行连续的井下就地测量。
本发明的另外一些目的是要提供一种井下流体的监控方法,实现该方法所用测量装置能容易地被安装在井孔内的任一个位置上,而不会妨碍进入到井下部及/或妨碍来自井下部的生产,并且该装置能容易地被撤走或更换。
按照本发明的方法包括:在井孔内形成一个测量室,该测量室在液流上与构造的孔隙连通,但在液压上与井孔的其余部分隔绝,从而在室内形成一团基本上呆滞的流体,这样便可用安装在室内的多个传感器测量室内流体的物理特性。
最好采用电容式传感器,这种传感器适宜用来在传感器的区域内检测水、原油及/或天然气的存在,并且在室内相对于井孔纵长轴线一列传感器被在轴向互相间隔开地布置,这些传感器被连接到流体液面监控设备上,该设备适宜用来在该列传感器的区域内检测在不同的流体如水、原油及/或天然气之间界面的存在及其位置。
另外最好该测量室为环形,用一个对防流体透过(fluid tight)的套筒和一对布置在该套筒和井孔内表面之间而在轴向上间隔开的栓塞使环形室与井孔的其余部分隔绝。
按照本发明的流体监控装置包括一个套筒用来在井孔内形成测量室,该室在使用时,在液流上与构造的孔隙连通,但在液压上用套筒和装在套筒上的栓塞与井孔的其余部分隔绝,从而在室内形成一团基本上呆滞的流体,监控装置还包括多个装在室内的传感器用来测量室内流体的物理特性。
按照本发明的方法和装置的上述这些和其他一些特点、目的和优点将在下面的权利要求、摘要、附图和结合附图所作的详细说明中予以披露。
在附图中:
图1为一采用按照本发明的方法和装置的产油井的概略图示;
图2为图1中的井的垂直剖视图,以比图1大的比例示出按照本发明的流体监控装置的细节;
图3以更大的比例示出图2中的流体监控装置的电容式传感器阵列的细节,并示出传感器在燃气和水的界面上测得的介电常数的变化;
图4为一垂直井和一组细孔备用路线井的概略的图示,这些井都装有按照本发明的流体监控装置;
图5为纵向的剖视图,以放大的比例示出图4中的一个备用路线井内的流体监控装置;
图6为一水平产油井和六个细孔备用路线井的概略的垂直剖视图,这六个备用井都装有按照本发明的流体监控装置;及
图7为一垂直产油井和一细孔备用路线井的概略的垂直剖视图,这两井都各设有一对按照本发明的流体监控装置。
现在参阅图1,其中示出一口生产井1,通过该井生产出天然气(参阅图中注有CH4处)。由于在井1的区域内流体压力减少的结果,发生水锥现象,在井1周围储油构造3下部孔隙内形成水(参阅图中注有H2O处)的圆锥2。
为了监控储气构造3的孔隙内水的存在及/或监控孔隙流体的其他特性,可将按照本发明的井下监控装置4安装在井1内。
如图2较详细地示出,监控装置具有一个管状套筒5,其上装有一对栓塞6。一旦套筒5被下降到要作测量的位置,这一对栓塞6会被膨胀,这样就将在套筒5和井壳7之间的环状空间的上、下端封死,从而形成一个环状测量室8,该室在液压上与井孔的其余部分隔绝。在安装装置4之前,井壳7上已设有多个孔眼9,通过这些孔眼,装置4周围储气构造3的孔隙内的流体可自由进入到测量室8内。
由于没有流体从测量室8产出,在室8内的流体基本上呆滞,并在测量室8内的气/水(CH4/H2O)界面10与环绕的储气构造3内的气/水界面建立起平衡。因此在环绕井1的储气构造3的燃气/水或其他流体的界面可从测量室8内被监控,此时可使用一列电容式传感器11,它们被埋在套筒5的外表面内或装在其上。
图3以更大的比例示出一列电容式传感器11,并示出在气/水界面10上量得的介电常数。由于水的介电常数约为天然气的介电常数的80倍,所以该装置作为界面监控器能具有高分辨能力。
电容式传感器11是本行业所熟悉的,常被用来检测例如存储罐的界面,因此不必详说。采用电容式传感器11只需简单而不灵敏的电子仪器下井,并且只需低电力。
采用这种型式的传感器,垂直的分辨率能达到几个毫米。
如图2所示,数据的从监控装置4转移出来和电力的供应进去都是由一个装在生产管或其他管13上靠近装置4的位置上的电感耦合器12完成的。
电感耦合器12通过电缆14被连接到地面的电子设备(未示出)上。
如果装置4被安装在最下面的壳管间栓塞(未示出)之上,那么生产管13可被用来安装电感耦合器12并将它夹紧在电缆14上。如果装置4被安装在最下面的壳管间栓塞(未示出)之下,那么尾管或其他井管可被用于这个目的。
或者可采用一个不用电缆的通信系统如一个声学系统或一个采用管子作为天线的系统,用来将数据转移出或将电力供应到监控装置4上。因此本装置4不论是现有井还是新井,都可容易地安装以便永久地在井下使用。
除了电容式传感器11外,本装置也可装有其他传感器以便用来测量孔隙流体的物理特性如压力和温度。
作为一个独立的装置,监控装置4具有高度的安装灵活性,但在井孔内只是一个小障碍。由于其管状设计,能自由到达在装置4之下的井孔。还可允许在单口井1的不同深度上使用数个监控装置4,例如用来监控叠置储槽的流体界面,及/或在一个储油构造中监控在下面的油/水界面和在上面的油/气界面。在储槽内发生蒸汽或其他流体喷射的地方,本装置4可被用来监控蒸汽或另一个喷射流体穿透到生产井1内的情况。
常需将储油气构造内的孔隙流体的界面和其他特性在离开生产井一段距离的地方反映出来。
图4示出一个垂直生产井20,其内装有一个与图1-3中的装置4类似的监控装置21。为了使流体界面监控能在离开生产井20一段距离的地方进行,另外钻了三个细孔备用路线井22到储油气构造23内。每一备用路线井22都各装有一个监控装置24,放大后如图5所示。
如图5所示,装置24具有一个管状套筒25,其上装有一对可膨胀的栓塞26,该栓塞被压迫抵紧在备用路线井22井口周围的构造上。
这样便在套筒25的周围和两个栓塞26之间形成一个环状测量室27,从周围构造来的孔隙流体可自由接近该室27,但该室在液压上与井孔的其余部分隔绝。
在套筒25的外表面上装有一列电容传感器及/或其他传感器(未示出),其工作方式与上面结合图1-3所说明的相同。
成列的传感器用一根或多根电力的或光信号的传输电缆28连接到表面上的显示所测流体特性的装置上。一旦监控装置24和传输电缆28被安装好,就将除了测量室27以外的备用路线井全部用水泥29填充,以防通过备用路线井22发生不可控制的产出。这样,监控装置24就被埋在储油气构造内。
图4和5示出的井和传感器的配置适宜用来在产气井20内和离开该井的各个不同距离的地方的各个不同的位置上监控气/水(CH4/H2O)的界面,因此能够合适地画出由于水的涌起成为圆锥和其他储槽耗用(depletion)效应而引起的在整个储槽构造23中气/水界面变化的情况。
图6示出一个水平的产油井30延伸通过储油构造31的概略的垂直剖视图。
在含油构造31的上面和下面分别为含气(CH4)和含水(H2O)的构造32和33。
在储槽和周围构造中存在着一对平行的断层34,由于流体流动条件的变化,在每一断层34的每一侧的油/水和气/油界面都不同。
为了监控断层34每一侧的油/水和气/油界面的位置,在储槽构造31内钻了一组六个细孔备用路线井35,其方向基本上与断层34平行。
每一备用路线井35都各装有一个狭长的监控装置36,其型式与结合图5曾详细说明的相同。备用路线井35的其他部分用水泥填充以防通过备用路线井发生不可控制的产出。采用图6所示井和传感器的配置,能够在一有断层而在横向上被一水平的或倾斜的生产井穿过的储槽构造上合适地并连续地画出油/水和油/气及/或气/水的界面。
图7为一有断层的储油构造40的概略的垂直剖视图,该构造40被一垂直的产油井41横向穿过,在产油井41上分别装有上、下监控装置42和43,其型式如图2所示。在含油构造40的上面和下面分别为含气(CH4)和含水(H2O)层44和45。监控装置42和43位于生产井41邻近的储槽构造40内的油/气和油/水界面的区域内。有一细孔备用路线井46从生产井41钻入到储槽构造40内,其方向基本上与断层40平行。
备用路线井46分别设有上、下监控装置47和48,用来监控储油构造顶部和底部的气/油和油/水界面。监控装置47和48具有与图5所示相同的型式,备用路线井46的其他部分均被用水泥填充以防通过备用路线井46发生不可控制的产出。
采用图7所示的井和传感器的配置,能够在一有断层而被一垂直的或倾斜的产油井41横向穿过的储槽构造内合适地并连续地画出气/油和油/水的界面。
本行业的行家将会知道,按照本发明的监控装置和方法可被用来在地下构造内的任一所需位置上监控燃气、油和水的界面。它们能被用来改进和更新储槽模型,并使实时储槽反映和管理成为可能。
Claims (7)
1.一种监控井孔周围地下构造孔隙内流体的物理特性的方法,该方法包括在井孔内形成一个测量室,使它在液流上与该构造的孔隙连通,但在液压上与井孔的其余部分隔绝,从而在该室内形成一团基本呆滞的流体,这时就可用多个装在该室内的传感器测量流体的物理特性。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征为,所用传感器为适宜用来在传感器的区域内检测水、原油及/或天然气的存在的电容型传感器。
3.按照权利要求2的方法,其特征为,一列传感器被布置在该室内,这些传感器相对于井孔的纵长轴线互相在轴向被间隔开并被连接到流体液面监控设备,该设备适宜用来在该列传感器的区域内辨认在不同流体如水、原油及/或天然气之间的界面的存在及其位置。
4.按照权利要求1、2或3的方法,其特征为,测量室为一环状室,该室用一个防流体透过的套筒和一对布置在套筒和井孔内表面之间的、沿轴向间隔开的栓塞与井孔的其余部分隔绝。
5.按照以上任一项权利要求的方法,其特征为,该井为一产油井及/或产气井,在井内的各个位置上设有多个沿轴向互相间隔开的测量室。
6.按照权利要求1-4中任一项的方法,其特征为,细孔备用路线井除了测量室以外基本上都被水泥填充以防通过备用路线井发生流体的产出。
7.一种监控井孔周围地下构造孔隙内的流体的物理特性的装置,该装置有一套筒,可用来在井孔内形成测量室,该测量室在使用时,在液流上与构造的孔隙连通,但在液压上被套筒和装在套筒上的栓塞堵严,以致与井孔的其余部分隔绝,从而在室内形成一团基本呆滞的流体,可用装在室内的多个传感器来测量室内流体的物理特性。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97201092A EP0870900A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-04-09 | Downhole monitoring method and device |
EP97201092.0 | 1997-04-09 |
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CN1252118A true CN1252118A (zh) | 2000-05-03 |
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CN98803982A Pending CN1252118A (zh) | 1997-04-09 | 1998-04-08 | 井下监控的方法和装置 |
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US (1) | US6098020A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1252118A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR012365A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU730117B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2284997C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69807202T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0973996T3 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA001569B1 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG21490A (zh) |
ID (1) | ID22833A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO994909L (zh) |
OA (1) | OA11202A (zh) |
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- 1998-04-08 DE DE69807202T patent/DE69807202T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-08 CA CA002284997A patent/CA2284997C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-08 EA EA199900905A patent/EA001569B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-08 AR ARP980101608A patent/AR012365A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-04-08 US US09/056,960 patent/US6098020A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-08 ID IDW991175A patent/ID22833A/id unknown
- 1998-04-08 DK DK98922712T patent/DK0973996T3/da active
- 1998-04-08 AU AU75255/98A patent/AU730117B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-04-08 CN CN98803982A patent/CN1252118A/zh active Pending
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101220741B (zh) * | 2007-01-04 | 2012-11-28 | 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 | 孔深度检测 |
CN103547943A (zh) * | 2011-05-17 | 2014-01-29 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | 使用电容式传感器进行多分量井眼电场测量的装置和方法 |
CN103547943B (zh) * | 2011-05-17 | 2016-09-07 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | 使用电容式传感器进行多分量井眼电场测量的装置和方法 |
CN107060734A (zh) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-08-18 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 潜油往复抽油机液面信息在线采集装置及方法 |
CN107060734B (zh) * | 2017-06-12 | 2023-08-01 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 潜油往复抽油机液面信息在线采集装置及方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EG21490A (en) | 2001-11-28 |
EA001569B1 (ru) | 2001-04-23 |
CA2284997C (en) | 2006-12-12 |
EA199900905A1 (ru) | 2000-04-24 |
NO994909L (no) | 1999-12-02 |
AU7525598A (en) | 1998-10-30 |
US6098020A (en) | 2000-08-01 |
AU730117B2 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
CA2284997A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
DE69807202T2 (de) | 2003-04-10 |
AR012365A1 (es) | 2000-10-18 |
DE69807202D1 (de) | 2002-09-19 |
ID22833A (id) | 1999-12-09 |
DK0973996T3 (da) | 2002-10-07 |
OA11202A (en) | 2003-05-21 |
NO994909D0 (no) | 1999-10-08 |
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