CN1251572A - 适于口服的、包含l-肉碱或链烷酰基-l-肉碱酒石酸镁的固体组合物 - Google Patents

适于口服的、包含l-肉碱或链烷酰基-l-肉碱酒石酸镁的固体组合物 Download PDF

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CN1251572A
CN1251572A CN98803845A CN98803845A CN1251572A CN 1251572 A CN1251572 A CN 1251572A CN 98803845 A CN98803845 A CN 98803845A CN 98803845 A CN98803845 A CN 98803845A CN 1251572 A CN1251572 A CN 1251572A
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carnitine
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M·O·廷提
N·斯卡费塔
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Abstract

本发明公开了由L-肉碱或低级链烷酰基-L-肉碱酒石酸镁组成的稳定且非吸湿性的盐,它们适于制备用作人用的饮食/营养增补剂和用作兽用的饲料增补剂的固体组合物。

Description

适于口服的、包含L-肉碱或 链烷酰基-L-肉碱酒石酸镁的固体组合物
本发明涉及L-肉碱和低级链烷酰基-L-肉碱的稳定的、非吸湿性的、药理学上可接受的盐,它们适合制备固体的、可口服给药的组合物。本发明还涉及这样的组合物。
L-肉碱及其链烷酰基衍生物的各种治疗用途是已知的。例如,在心血管领域,L-肉碱可用于治疗急性和慢性心肌缺血、心绞痛、心力衰竭和心律失常。
在肾病学领域,给那些采用常规血液透析法进行治疗的慢性尿毒症患者服用L-肉碱,以对抗肌无力和肌痉挛的发作。
其他治疗用途涉及HDL∶LDL+VLDL比率和全胃肠外营养的正常化。
还已知,L(-)-肉碱及其链烷酰基衍生物的盐存在与那些所谓的内盐相同的治疗或营养活性,因此可用于它们所用的地方,所提供的这些盐是“药理学上可接受的”,即,它们没有不需要的毒性或副作用。
实际上,选择内盐还是真正的L(-)-肉碱或链烷酰基-L(-)-肉碱盐,本质上将取决于有效性、经济和药剂学原因,而不是治疗或营养原因。
本发明的目的是提供L-肉碱和低级链烷酰基-L-肉碱的稳定而非吸湿性的盐,与它们的内盐相应物相比,它们具有增强的治疗和/或营养功效。
因此,应当清楚地理解,本发明的盐的功用并不局限于它们与相应的内盐相比的更低的吸湿性和更高的稳定性,而且在于由它们的阴离子部分提供的盐整体上的综合治疗和/或营养价值。因此,这一价值不再仅仅归功于该盐的“肉碱”部分。
由于它们缺乏吸湿性,这些盐可以容易地化合,特别是制备成固体的、可口服的组合物。
正如药学专家所熟知的那样,加工吸湿产品时,在储存和其加工过程中都必需使用湿度控制室。
另外,完成后的产品必须包装在密封的泡罩(blister)中,以避免因湿度产生的不良后果。
无论是原材料的储存,还是它们的加工和包装,所有这些都牵涉到额外成本。
在工业化国家的人口中,有越来越多的运动员(专业或业余的)和健康的人使用食品增补剂或“营养剂”(nutraceuticals)。
从前使用L-肉碱或含有L-肉碱的食品增补剂,是因为它能促进脂肪酸的氧化,使骨胳肌可获得大量能量,由此使运动员的肌肉增强并使其中乳酸的积聚减少。
健康的人使用这些食品增补剂作为健康食物,即,目的是有助于血清脂肪水平的降低和各种胆固醇成分间的比率的正常化,以预防发生脂质代谢性疾病。
据估计,非凭处方出售的L-肉碱及其衍生物的量是凭处方出售的量的两倍。
美国销售的食品增补剂或营养剂相当于大约2500亿美元,而估计的欧洲市场的销售金额大约为5000亿美元(食品标记新闻(FoodLabeling News),1994年,“营养剂”市场据说很大,3月,第2卷,第25号;国王通讯集团公司,1993年,全球市场中的“营养剂”食品、饮料。食品与饮料日报(Food and Drink Daily),4月,第3卷,第503号)。
有一些L-肉碱的非吸湿性的盐是已知的。
例如,1990年12月21日申请的专利EP 0 434 088(LONZA)公开了非吸湿性L(-)肉碱L(+)酒石酸盐(2∶1)(不过,D.Müller和E.Strack在1972年4月的Hoppe Seyler’s Z.Physiol.Chem.353,第618-622页中描述了该盐的制备和物理化学特性)可用于制备适于口服的固体剂型。
但是,该盐存在一些缺点,诸如,经长期储存后,会有微量三甲胺释放出来,使该产品产生一种令人不愉快的腥臭味。另外,L(-)-肉碱L(+)-酒石酸盐(2∶1)在相对湿度稍超过60%时就会潮解。而且,L-(+)-酒石酸不能与链烷酰基-L-肉碱类,如乙酰L-肉碱,生成非吸湿性盐。
本发明的上述目的,即,提供一种L-肉碱和低级链烷酰基-L-肉碱的新的、稳定的、非吸湿性的药理学上可接受的盐,其中阴离子部分有助于该盐的治疗和/或营养价值,是通过式(I)的盐实现的:
Figure A9880384500051
其中R是氢或具有2-5个碳原子的直链或分支的低级链烷酰基。
优选的盐是其中R选自乙酰、丙酰、丁酰、戊酰和异戊酰基的那些。
既然大量的镁和肉碱在持久的剧烈体育运动过程中随着汗和尿排除,本发明的化合物可以有利地用作运动员的食品增补剂。
镁是与肌肉收缩有关的膜酶的重要辅因子。
镁代谢疾病通常与其总血浆浓度降低有关。异常的低镁血浓度与因细胞收缩性和应激性异常而产生的心血管、神经病学和骨胳肌疾病有关。
在生理学条件下,Mg++和ATP间反应的平衡常数有利于MgATP2+复合物的形成,该复合物被用作许多细胞ATP酶的底物。
镁还会影响各种离子通道的性能,它们中有许多位于各种兴奋细胞中,由此完成与其他离子如钠、钙和钾离子流入有关的调整功能。
镁对心脏功能起保护作用。最近,镁对心血管功能的影响已受到极大关注,无论是它能作为治疗剂减少电生理学性质的疾病方面,还是它作为心肌代偿失调和高血压等疾病中的病原因素方面。流行病学研究已显示:心肌缺血的发生率与饮食和饮水中的钙∶镁比显著相关。低镁血会引起肌肉痉挛,使自主系统的活性增加。
以下非限制性的实施例显示了按照本发明的一些非吸湿性盐的制备。实施例1L-肉碱L-(+)-酒石酸镁(ST 1305)的制备
Figure A9880384500061
将L-肉碱内盐(0.01mol),L-(+)-酒石酸(0.01mol)和氢氧化镁(0.01mol)悬浮于15mL水中。所得混合物搅拌约1小时,直到完全溶解。然后将所得溶液真空浓缩。
将残余物溶于丙酮,所得混合物搅拌,然后过滤。
得到非吸湿性固体产物。产率:95%DSC(分解):180℃-190℃对C11H19NO9Mg的元素分析
                   C%  H%  N%  Mg计算值(有7.5%水):    36.63   6.15   3.88   6.7实测值:               36.10   5.84   2.53   6.68[α]D 25=-4.3(c=1%,H2O)NMR D2O δ 4.5-4.6(1H,m,CHOH);4.35(2H,s,2(CHOH));3.35-3.45(2H,d,N+CH2);3.2((9H,s,(CH3)3N+);2.35-2.45(2H,d,CH2COO)HPLC:柱:    μBondapak-NH2洗脱剂:KH2PO4 50mM-CH3CN(35-65)流速:  1mL/分pH:    用H3PO4调节,pH4.7L-肉碱:Rt=7.6分钟L-(+)-酒石酸:Rt=11.4分钟实施例2乙酰L-肉碱L-(+)-酒石酸镁(ST 1105)的制备
将乙酰L-肉碱内盐(2.03g;0.01mol),L-(+)-酒石酸(1.5g;0.01mol)和氢氧化镁(0.58g;0.01mol)悬浮于25mL水中。
所得混合物搅拌约1小时,直到完全溶解。
然后将该溶液冷冻干燥。将残余物在搅拌下溶于丙酮。经过过滤,得到非吸湿性固体产物。产率:95%对C23H21NO10Mg的元素分析
                    C%   H%  N%  Mg计算值(有6.4%水):      38.91   5.99   3.49   6.06实测值:                 38.27   5.49   3.46   5.90[α]D 25=+1.8(c=1%,H2O)NMR D2O δ 5.6(1H,m,CHOCO);4.4(2H,s,CHOH-CHOH);3.8(1H,dd,N+CHH);3.4(1H,dd,N+-CHH);3.2(9H,s,(CH3)3N+);2.7-2.5(2H,m,CH2COO);2.1(1H,s,COCH3)HPLC:柱:    μBondapak-NH2洗脱剂:KH2PO4 50mM-CH3CN(35-65)流速:  1mL/分pH:    用H3PO4调节,pH4.7乙酰L-肉碱:Rt=6.75分钟L-(+)-酒石酸:Rt=11.38分钟
前述实施例的这些化合物都是非吸湿和高度稳定的。
本发明还涉及组合物,该组合物包含作为活性物质的、至少一种上述非吸湿性的药理学上可接受的盐,和可选的,一种或多种药理学上可接受的赋形剂以及药学和食品工艺学专家熟知的活性成分。
特别优选的是固体、可口服的组合物,诸如片剂、咀嚼片和胶囊,该组合物包含式(I)的L-肉碱或链烷酰基-L-肉碱的盐,其量相当于50-2000mg、优选100-1000mg L-肉碱或链烷酰基-L-肉碱内盐。
例如,以下是制备片剂的一种组合物:式(I)的非吸湿性L-肉碱盐:      500mg淀粉                   :      20mg滑石                   :      10mg硬脂酸钙               :      1mg
                           531mg
以下是适于制备胶囊的一种组合物:式(I)的非吸湿性L-肉碱盐:      500mg淀粉                   :      20mg乳糖                   :      50mg滑石                   :      5mg硬脂酸钙               :      2mg
                           577mg
本发明的组合物可以用作人的饮食/营养增补剂,或用作兽用的饲料增补剂。
通过本发明盐的各组成部分的协同作用,可达到以下结果:-增强了与能量代谢关联的酶活性;-改善了对剧烈运动的耐性和适应性,使成绩提高并缩短了休息期;-加强了心血管系统的功能容量;和-减少了发生肌肉痉挛的可能性。

Claims (8)

1、式(I)的、L-肉碱或链烷酰基-L-肉碱的盐:其中R是氢,或具有2-5个碳原子的直链或支链低级链烷酰基。
2、权利要求1所述的盐,其中R选自乙酰、丙酰、丁酰、戊酰和异戊酰基。
3、一种组合物,它包含作为活性成分的、如权利要求1或2定义的通式(I)的盐。
4、权利要求3所述的组合物,它进一步包含一种或多种选自药理学上可接受的赋形剂和活性成分的物质。
5、权利要求3或4所述的组合物,它是片剂、咀嚼片、胶囊、颗粒或粉末形式的。
6、权利要求3-5任一项所述的组合物,每单位剂型中包含作为活性成分的、式(I)的L-肉碱或链烷酰基-L-肉碱的盐,其量相当于50-2000mg、优选100-1000mg L-肉碱或链烷酰基-L-肉碱内盐。
7、权利要求3-6任一项所述的组合物,它作为人用的饮食/营养增补剂。
8、权利要求3-4任一项所述的组合物,它作为兽用的饲料增补剂。
CNB988038455A 1997-04-07 1998-03-19 适于口服的、包含l-肉碱或链烷酰基-l-肉碱酒石酸镁的固体组合物 Expired - Fee Related CN1177808C (zh)

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DE69802512D1 (de) 2001-12-20
DE69802512T2 (de) 2002-08-01
IT1291133B1 (it) 1998-12-29
CA2285550C (en) 2008-07-08
PT971879E (pt) 2002-05-31
AU731316B2 (en) 2001-03-29
EP0971879B1 (en) 2001-11-14
AU6745498A (en) 1998-10-30
US6130249A (en) 2000-10-10
KR100556237B1 (ko) 2006-03-03
NZ500538A (en) 2001-03-30
ES2166596T3 (es) 2002-04-16
ATE208758T1 (de) 2001-11-15
DK0971879T3 (da) 2002-03-25
WO1998045250A1 (en) 1998-10-15
BR9808489A (pt) 2000-05-23
CA2285550A1 (en) 1998-10-15
HK1025561A1 (en) 2000-11-17
JP2001524078A (ja) 2001-11-27
EP0971879A1 (en) 2000-01-19
CN1177808C (zh) 2004-12-01

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