CN1243769C - 一种微囊藻毒素分离纯化的方法 - Google Patents

一种微囊藻毒素分离纯化的方法 Download PDF

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CN1243769C
CN1243769C CN 200410012920 CN200410012920A CN1243769C CN 1243769 C CN1243769 C CN 1243769C CN 200410012920 CN200410012920 CN 200410012920 CN 200410012920 A CN200410012920 A CN 200410012920A CN 1243769 C CN1243769 C CN 1243769C
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肖邦定
陈晓国
刘剑彤
刘永定
宋立荣
方涛
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Institute of Hydrobiology of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公布了一种微囊藻毒素分离纯化的方法。本方法以富营养化湖泊滇池的水华蓝藻作为主要原料,经有机溶剂提取、快速色谱初步分离,最后用C18反相制备液相色谱法实现微囊藻毒素MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR的分离纯化。方法采用等梯度洗脱,稳定性好,在制备色谱条件下,二种毒素可实现完全分离,一次上样量可高达200μg,得到的MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR纯度用HPLC-UV检测达95%以上。

Description

一种微囊藻毒素分离纯化的方法
                          技术领域
本发明涉及一种微囊藻毒素分离纯化的方法,适合于野外收获蓝藻水华中二种微囊藻毒素MC-RR、[Dha7]MC-RR的纯化。
                          背景技术
蓝藻毒素对环境和人群健康的危害已成为全球关注的重大环境问题之一,世界卫生组织(WHO)、联合国科教文卫组织(UNESCO)等均对此问题表现出极大关注。近十年来,针对有毒蓝藻和蓝藻毒素的国际会议不断召开,论文数量逐年递增,其中研究最为广泛是微囊藻毒素microcystin。迄今为止,已经鉴定的microcystin达70余种,但商品化标准品则仅限于MC-LR、MC-RR及MC-YR等几种,也仅有美、德、日等少数几家公司(如Sigma、CalBiochem和Kanto Reagents等)可提供少量的这类纯品,其价格在每克40万美元左右,可以说,蓝藻毒素纯品的稀缺已成为困扰研究人员进行深入研究的主要“瓶颈”。近年来,随着国际间将microcystin列入生化武器(Bioweapon)一类的“禁药”,我国从国外定购这类产品变得越来越困难。
我国是世界上蓝藻水华最严重、种类和分布都最为广泛的国家之一,更为严重的是,我国湖泊80%的蓝藻水华均含有毒素。近年来我国对蓝藻毒素的研究日益增多,但受制于毒素纯品难于获得,许多研究无法深入开展。因此,研制开发在产量和纯度上均满足国内需求的蓝藻毒素纯品已成为亟需解决的问题。
我国的水华蓝藻的主要微囊藻毒素种类为MC-RR、[Dha7]MC-RR和MC-LR,其中前二种毒素结构差异很小(见分子结构图),仅第7位氨基酸Mdha少一个甲基,在普遍采用的HPLC色谱条件下为同一色谱峰,无法分离,成为色谱分离中很难解决的一个问题。在已有的分离方法中,分子排阻色谱(凝胶色谱)、离子色谱和快速色谱均不能解决这个问题,从现有的研究看,仅有日本科学家采用制备薄层层析法(HPTLC)能够分离这二种毒素,但也存在薄层层析板仅能一次使用,成本较高且上样量较低的缺点。除此之外,未见有其它报道。
                  Arg                                                 Arg
                  MCRR                                                  [Dha7]MCRR
                           发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种微囊藻毒素分离纯化的方法。方法采用等梯度洗脱方式,稳定性好,分离效果好,上样量较大,得到的MC-RR和[Dhd7]MC-RR纯度用HPLC-UV检测达95%以上。
为了达到上述目的,本发明在筛选多种色谱材料和优化色谱条件的基础上,确定了制备色谱柱及色谱条件。
1、藻毒素提取:称取一定量的干藻粉,按20~50ml/g的比例加入75%甲醇,室温下置于摇床上振荡40~120min或在搅拌器上连续搅拌40~120min,取出后以3000~4500r/min的转速离心10~30min,取出上清液。按此步骤重复提取1~3次,将几次提取的上清液合并。
2、藻毒素初步纯化:将上清液于30~40℃旋转蒸发浓缩至油状,按Edwards(1996)提出的快速色谱法进行微囊藻毒素的初步纯化,收集含MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR的组分,于30~40℃旋转蒸发浓缩至干,用2~20ml 70%甲醇定容。Edwards C.,Lawton L.,et al..Laboratory-scale purification of microcystins using flashchromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.J.Chromat.A.1996734:163 173
3、制备色谱柱:Hypersil ODS-BP C18反相色谱柱,内径10~30mm,长250~300mm。
4、制备色谱条件:流动相为甲醇∶0.01%三氟乙酸=68∶32等梯度洗脱;流速6~20ml/min;柱温20~40℃;进样量1~5ml;检测波长238nm;检测器为制备色谱检测池,最高耐压1000psi。
5、MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR混合物检测:采用以下色谱条件,HypersilODS-BP(5μm,4.6×250mm);流动相:甲醇∶0.05%三氟乙酸=65∶35等度洗脱;流速:1ml/min;检测波长:238nm;进样量10μL。在此色谱条件下,MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR为同一色谱峰,色谱如图1所示。
6、分离纯化后的MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR的检测:采用以下色谱条件,HypersilODS-BP(5μm,4.6×250mm);流动相:甲醇∶0.01%三氟乙酸=68∶32等梯度洗脱;流速:1ml/min;检测波长:238nm;进样量10μL。在此色谱条件下,MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR可以完全分离,分离效果见图2a、图2b。
本发明与现有的分离技术相比,有以下的优点和效果:
1、解决了MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR的分离难题,在制备色谱条件下,二种毒素可实现完全分离。
2、上样量较大,在实现完全分离的条件下,一次上样量可高达200μg。
3、制备的毒素纯度高,获得的MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR用HPLC-UV检测纯度达95%以上。
                            附图说明
图1为采用一般的色谱条件,MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR无法分离的示意图。
色谱条件:Hypersil ODS-BP(5μm,4.6×250mm);流动相:甲醇∶0.05%三氟乙酸=65∶35等度洗脱;流速:1ml/min;检测波长:238nm;进样量10μL。可以看出,在该色谱条件下,MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR为同一色谱峰。
图2a为采用本发明的色谱条件,MC-RR完全分离效果图。
图2b为采用本发明的色谱条件,[Dha7]MC-RR完全分离效果图。
色普条件:Hypersil ODS-BP(5μm,4.6×250mm);流动相:甲醇∶0.01%三氟乙酸=68∶32等梯度洗脱;流速:1ml/min;检测波长:238nm;进样量10μL。可以看出,在此色谱条件下,MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR可以完全分离。
                          具体实施方式
1、藻毒素提取:称取10g从滇池收获的蓝藻干粉,加入250ml75%甲醇,室温下置于摇床上振荡60min或在搅拌器上连续搅拌60min,取出后以4000r/min的转速离心25min,取出上清液。按此步骤重复提取一次、两次或三次,将几次提取的上清液合并。
2、藻毒素初步纯化:将上清液于34℃旋转蒸发浓缩至油状,按Edwards(1996)提出的快速色谱法进行微囊藻毒素的初步纯化,收集含MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR的组分,于34℃旋转蒸发浓缩至干,用20ml 70%甲醇定容。
Edwards C.,Lawton L.,et al..Laboratory-scale purification of microcystins using flashchromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.J.Chromat.A.1996734:163-173
3、制备色谱柱:Hypersil ODS-BP C18反相色谱柱,内径20mm,长300mm。
4、制备色谱条件:流动相为甲醇∶0.01%三氟乙酸=68∶32等梯度洗脱;流速:10ml/min;柱温25℃;进样量1ml;检测波长238nm;检测器为制备色谱检测池,最高耐压1000psi。
5、MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR混合物检测:采用如下色谱条件,MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR为同一色谱峰。Hypersil ODS-BP(5μm,4.6×250mm);流动相:甲醇∶0.05%三氟乙酸=65∶35等度洗脱;流速:1ml/min;检测波长:238nm;进样量10μL。
6、分离纯化后的MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR的检测:采用如下色谱条件,MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR可以完全分离。Hypersil ODS-BP(5μm,4.6×250mm);流动相:甲醇∶0.01%三氟乙酸=68∶32等梯度洗脱;流速:1ml/min。检测波长:238nm;进样量10μL。

Claims (1)

1、一种微囊藻毒素分离纯化的方法,它包括下列步骤:
A、藻毒素提取:称取干藻粉,按20~50ml/g的比例加入75%甲醇,室温下置于摇床上振荡40~120min或在搅拌器上连续搅拌40~120min,取出后以3000~4500r/min的转速离心10~30min,取出上清液;
B、藻毒素初步纯化:将上清液于30~40℃旋转蒸发浓缩至油状,按Edwards提出的快速色谱法进行微囊藻毒素的初步纯化,收集含MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR的组分,于30~40℃旋转蒸发浓缩至干,用2~20ml 70%甲醇定容;
C、制备色谱柱:Hypersil ODS-BP C18反相色谱柱,内径10~30mm,长250~300mm;
D、制备色谱条件:流动相为甲醇∶0.01%三氟乙酸=68∶32等梯度洗脱,流速6~20ml/min,柱温20~40℃,进样量1~5ml,检测波长238nm,检测器为制备色谱检测池,最高耐压1000psi;
E、MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR混合物检测:采用如下色谱条件,MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR为同一色谱峰,Hypersil ODS-BP 5μm,4.6×250mm,流动相:甲醇∶0.05%三氟乙酸=65∶35等度洗脱,流速1ml/min,检测波长238nm,进样量10μL;
F、分离纯化后的MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR的检测:采用如下色谱条件,MC-RR和[Dha7]MC-RR可以完全分离,Hypersil ODS-BP 5μm,4.6×250mm,流动相:甲醇∶0.01%三氟乙酸=68∶32等梯度洗脱,流速:1ml/min,检测波长238nm,进样量10μL。
CN 200410012920 2004-03-27 2004-03-27 一种微囊藻毒素分离纯化的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1243769C (zh)

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