CN1243489A - 保护大容积容器的设备及其生产方法 - Google Patents

保护大容积容器的设备及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN1243489A
CN1243489A CN98801765A CN98801765A CN1243489A CN 1243489 A CN1243489 A CN 1243489A CN 98801765 A CN98801765 A CN 98801765A CN 98801765 A CN98801765 A CN 98801765A CN 1243489 A CN1243489 A CN 1243489A
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blank
wall
equipment
internal layer
mould
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CN1103309C (zh
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京特·里希特
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/04—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
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    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
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    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/19—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their edges
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Buffer Packaging (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种在储存和运输液态、黏稠的、粉状的和粒状的装载物期间保护大容积容器的设备,它由托盘状在容器下侧支承容器的支承体和与支承体(7)连接并从侧面围绕此容器的外套(8)组成。为了创造这样一种设备,即,它能容易和廉价地生产;基本上不会化学腐蚀;不存在外套会与支承体脱开的危险;有良好的外观并构成对容器的更好的保护,会支承体与外套用具有三层壁的塑料制成一体,此三层壁由致密的外层(11)、致密的内层及发泡的夹层(13)组成。

Description

保护大容积容器的设备及其生产方法
本发明涉及一种在储存和运输液态、黏稠的、粉状的和粒状的装载物期间保护大容积容器的设备，它由托盘状在容器下侧支承容器的支承体和与支承体连接并从侧面围绕此容器的外套组成，以及本发明还涉及一种生产此设备的方法。
大容积的容器使用于运输和储存液态、黏稠的、粉状的和粒状的装载物，它们的容量大多有500至1000升以及用塑料按吹制法生产。这些容器有一个可封闭的上部装料口，而在底部设一带关闭器的出口。为了使这种容器能便于和不受损害地运输和存放，容器以其大多为矩形的底面支承在托盘状用木材、金属或塑料制的支承体上，在支承体上设置由互相焊接在一起的垂直和水平的金属杆组成的从侧面围绕着此容器的外套。金属的外套尤其在化学工业和食品领域是有缺点的并因而是不希望采用的。对此类托盘化包装物，这种保护包装物和由支承体和外套组成的设备认为是有缺点的，因为它一方面制造很复杂，另一方面始终存在外套可能与支承体脱开的危险。此外，采用这种格栅状外套不能避免容器有受损的可能性。
因此本发明的目的是创造一种保护大容积容器的设备，上述容器用于运输和储存液态、黏稠的、粉状的和粒状的装载物，这种设备应能容易和廉价地生产、基本上不受化学腐蚀和不存在外套与支承体可能脱开的危险。除此以外，此设备应有特别良好的外观以及对容器提供更好的保护。
按本发明为了达到此目的，在一种前言所述类型的设备中建议，支承体和外套由具有三层壁的塑料制成一体，此三层壁由致密的外层、致密的内层和发泡的夹层组成。
如此设计的设备能比较快速和廉价地生产。它给予在它里面的容器以特别高的安全性并有良好的外观。外套与支承体可能分开的危险完全排除。这种设备的重量比较轻。
按本发明的设备及生产此设备的方法的其他特征公开在权利要求2至10中。
下面借助于在附图中表示的实施例进一步说明本发明。其中：
图1按本发明的设备及置入的容器的正视图；
图2至9按图1所示设备的生产设备在方法的各个阶段中的情
      况；
图10a通过按图1所示设备的壁的剖面；
图10b+10c软管状毛坯壁分层的不同厚度的设计；
图10d+10e用图10b和10c的毛坯制成的设备的壁；
图10f在观察带所在区域通过图1所示设备的壁的剖面。
图1表示了托盘化包装物1，它一方面由塑料制的容器2构成，容器2内装液态、黏稠的、粉状或粒状的介质，即盛放所谓的装填材料。此容器2设有一个只是示意表示的可关闭的装料口3，它位于容器2的上部。在容器下部它有一个出口4，出口内装入一关闭阀5。现在此容器2已置入按本发明的设备6中，设备6在运输和储存时保护容器2。
设备6由托盘状支承体7构成，在支承体7上支承着容器2。在支承体7上连接着与之加工成一体的外套8，外套8从侧面围绕着容器2。借助于在图1中未进一步表示的可用在图中只是示意表示的卡子9固定在外套8的壁10上部的特殊的盖，将容器2固定在设备6内。外套8的壁10以及支承体7的壁设计成三层的并包括一个用染色和大多抗紫外线的塑料制的致密的外层11(图10a)。此外，外套8和支承体7的壁10有一个与外层11隔开距离同样也是致密的塑料内层12，这种塑料例如设计为透明的。在这种情况下，内层12通过夹层13与外层11隔开，夹层13用发泡塑料制成。采用这种夹层13使设备6特别稳定和重量较轻。
在所表示的实施例中，外套8有一个孔14，关闭阀5通过此孔伸出，所以可以顺利排空容器2。此外，如图1所示，外套2的外表面可制有冲压的凹槽或凸条15。由发泡塑料构成的夹层13可根据需要在不同的区域有不同的密度，在生产设备6或毛坯时可以没有困难地做到这一点。在这里只需要挤压出具有不同厚度的各层11、12、13。作为设备6的材料例如可使用致密的和加有发泡剂的聚乙烯。
借助于图1说明的设备6用在图2至9中按简化的方式和按不同的工作位置表示的设备生产。设在挤压机下方的此设备首先包括模具20(图9)，它由两个半模20a、20b和型芯21组成。每个半模20a、20b装在一个模具支架22a、22b内，模具支架可按已知的方式借助于图中未表示的驱动装置沿箭头23的方向从其按图2的位置运动到或推移到图8所示的位置。型芯21位于半模20a、20b运动平面的下方，并可借助于驱动装置24从其按图2的位置提升到按图7的位置。
每个半模20a、20b有一个可翻开的上部25(图2)和两个可翻开的侧部26(图3)，图中表示它们处于其各自的起始位置或基本位置。借助于图中没有表示的已知驱动装置，无论上部25还是侧部26均可回转到按图8和9所示的位置。
在具有近似于矩形横截面的型芯21所有的四个角内各设一撑开件27，它们将型芯21的横截面补充完全，但可运动为与型芯分开。每个撑开件27装在一根摇杆28上，摇杆在型芯21下面可绕轴29回转。由图3可见，总是两根相邻的摇杆28及其撑开件27配属于一公共的回转轴29。为了运动摇杆28并因而运动撑开件27，为它们配设已知的但图中未表示的驱动装置，借助于驱动装置，摇杆28并因而撑开件27可由其按图3的位置移到按图5的位置和移回。此外，为每一根总是有两根摇杆28可绕其回转的轴29，配设一提升驱动装置30，借助于此驱动装置，摇杆29并因而撑开件27可由其按图2的位置提升到按图4的位置。提升驱动装置30和提升驱动装置24例如安置在基础32的槽31内。
最后，在模具20上方还有两个夹子33，它们可借助于图中未表示的驱动装置从其按图2的位置回转到按图6的位置。这些夹子33的回转轴图中没有表示。
在生产按本发明的设备6时，现在从设备的所有部分处于它们在图2和3中表示的位置出发。现在，首先将四个撑开件27借助于提升驱动装置30从它们按图2的位置向上提升，而且一直提升到使它们处于两个半模20a、20b之间，如图4所示。这意味着撑开件27离开了它们在型芯21旁的位置，型芯21仍留在其下部位置上(图4)。一旦装有撑开件27的摇杆28处于型芯21上方在按图4所表示的高位，接通其驱动装置并因而使撑开件27相对转动直到它们处于图5中可清楚看到的位置。在图4中表示的撑开件27也已处于这一位置。现在，从上方亦即由已经提及的挤压机向设备供入软管状毛坯34，在所表示的实施例中毛坯有圆环形横截面，由图5可以看出这一点。此毛坯34已经有一个由三层组成的壁10，如已借助于图1a说明的那样。也就是说，此毛坯34已经有用致密塑料制的一个外层11和一个内层12，这两层11、12的塑料可以相同或也可以不相同。有利的是，外层11采用一种染色的抗紫外线的塑料，例如聚乙烯，而内层12用不染色的塑料，例如聚乙烯制造。夹层13用一种可发泡的塑料例如聚乙烯构成，其中按有利的方式添加延迟发泡剂，以保证毛坯34壁10的夹层13起初不发泡或不明显发泡。
现在，在打开的模具20内并因而在两个半模20a、20b之间挤压由图4可见的预定长度的毛坯34。在这种情况下四个撑开件27被软管状毛坯34包围。一旦毛坯34到达在模具20内所要求的最终位置，如图6所示毛坯被夹子33挤合。这样一来毛坯34的挤压长度不能再改变。现在撑开件27重新回移到它们按图3的起始位置，与此同时它们当然维持处于它们在两个半模20a、20b之间并因而在毛坯34内部的上部位置。在撑开件27作这种运动时，如图6所示毛坯34被扩张。在这种情况下夹子33下沉一预定的量而处于图7所示的位置。扩张应进行到这样一种程度，即，现在仍处于毛坯34下方的型芯21可借助于其驱动装置24提升并插入毛坯34内。当型芯21处于其按图7的上部终端位置时，撑开件27重新贴靠在型芯21上，并与型芯一起共同构成所谓内模体。现在模具20可以闭合。为此，首先将两个半模20a、20b运动到按图8所示的它的闭合位置。然后，两个上部25和四个侧部26同样运动到它们的闭合位置，由图9可以看出这种情况。在进行这些运动时，毛坯34与一个位于夹子33之间的料头35分离。现在毛坯34完全处于型腔内，此型腔的内部以型芯21及撑开件为界，外部以半模20a、20b和上部25及侧部26为界。现在，能发泡的夹层13可进行或开始发泡过程。通过此发泡过程，使得用致密塑料制的外层11和内层12贴靠在型腔的壁上。其中，内层12贴靠在型芯21和撑开件27上，而外层11贴靠在半模20a、20b和上部25及侧部26上。采用设备的这种设计和所说明的方法，保证了制成后的设备6的壁10始终有准确规定的壁厚。为了使外层11和内层12在所谓型腔壁上的贴合能更容易和加速进行，此型腔可以抽成真空。为此，可在型芯21内和在半模20a、20b与上部25及侧部26内加工适当的和众所周知的抽气孔。通过相应地设计侧部26，借助闭合的模具20可同时制成孔14。
一旦以此方式由毛坯34制成的设备6被足够冷却(必要时型芯21和半模20a、20b及上部25、侧部26可以冷却)，便可以打开模具20并将加工好的设备6取出。在这种情况下首先将上部25和侧部26重新回转到其按图2和3的起始位置。然后将两个半模20a、20b同样重新移回其按图2的起始位置。现在此加工好的设备6只还在型芯21和撑开件27上。这时加工好的设备6的下边缘可例如借助于一环形止挡器固定以及将型芯21连同撑开件27一起重新移回其按图2的下部起始位置。现在设备6完全自由并可从制造设备中取出。
为了获得不同密度的发泡夹层13，毛坯34壁10各层11、12、13的厚度在挤压时设计成不相同的，如图10b和10c所示。图10b表示了一种软管状毛坯34的壁10，其中夹层13以及外层11和内层12沿其长度的一个预先规定的地方挤压得较厚。于是形成按图10d的加工好的设备1的壁。在这里夹层13有一颈缩，在此区域内它被压得比较密实。
与之相反，图10c表示了一种软管状毛坯34的壁10，其中夹层13以及外层11和内层12沿其长度的一个预先规定的地方挤压得较薄。由此达到夹层13在闭合的模具20内在壁10的厚度给定时可更强烈地发泡，由图10e可看到这一结果，图中表示了已加工好的设备1的壁10。
此外还可以将设备6设计成在其外套8的区域内有一垂直延伸的观察带12a，如图16所示。这例如可以按这种方式实现，即，在挤压毛坯34时在毛坯内一起挤压出一个用透明塑料构成的窄的纵向带。若内层12用透明的亦即不染色的塑料制成，则此观察带12a便可以用内层12的材料制造，如图10f所示。在外套8中的观察带提供了看出容器2装填程度的可能性。显然，做到这一点的前提条件是，容器2或用透明的塑料制造，或同样有一个观察带，而且它必须与外套8的观察带对齐。

Claims (11)

1.在储存和运输液态、黏稠的、粉状的和粒状的装载物期间保护大容积容器的设备，它由托盘状在容器下侧支承容器的支承体和与支承体连接并从侧面围绕此容器的外套组成，其特征为：支承体(7)和外套(8)由有三层壁(10)的塑料制成一体，此三层壁(10)由致密的外层(11)、致密的内层(12)和发泡的夹层(13)组成。
2.按照权利要求1所述的设备，其特征为：外套(8)设有垂直延伸的观察带(12a)。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征为：内层(12)用透明的塑料制成，观察带(12a)用内层(12)的材料制成。
4.按照权利要求1至3中至少一项所述的设备，其特征为：外层(11)用染色的抗紫外线的塑料制造。
5.按照权利要求1至4中至少一项所述的设备，其特征为：内层(12)与外层(11)有不同的壁厚，以及在这些区域内的夹层(13)有不同的密度。
6.生产按照权利要求1至5中至少一项所述设备的方法，按此方法在打开的模具内按预定的长度挤压软管状具有三层塑料壁的毛胚，然后成形，其特征为：具有由致密的外层、致密的内层和可发泡的夹层组成的壁的毛坯挤压在至少三个杆状的垂直排列的撑开件外，通过将撑开件彼此适当地移开使毛坯扩张一个预定的量；从下面在已扩张的毛坯内插入一个与可闭合的模具共同构成型腔边界的型芯并闭合此模具；以及，毛坯壁的致密内层和致密外层在夹层发泡的情况下贴靠在型腔的壁上。
7.按照权利要求6所述的方法，其特征为：撑开件从下面移入挤压后的毛坯内。
8.按照权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征为：从模具和/或从型芯出发将型腔抽成真空。
9.按照权利要求6或8中至少一项所述的方法，其特征为：型芯和/或模具供以冷却介质。
10.按照权利要求6至9中至少一项所述的方法，其特征为：在成形过程中撑开件构成型芯的一部分。
11.按照权利要求6至10中至少一项所述的方法，其特征为：挤压出带有观察带的毛坯。
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CN103482268A (zh) * 2013-09-24 2014-01-01 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 一种防止高温金属化球团料罐内气体强对流的方法
CN103482268B (zh) * 2013-09-24 2016-04-13 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 一种防止高温金属化球团料罐内气体强对流的方法

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KR100464992B1 (ko) 2005-01-13
PT951430E (pt) 2002-02-28
EP0951430A1 (de) 1999-10-27
ES2163854T3 (es) 2002-02-01
HK1025297A1 (en) 2000-11-10
IN188771B (zh) 2002-11-09
ZA98186B (en) 1998-04-24
CN1103309C (zh) 2003-03-19
DE59801382D1 (de) 2001-10-11
CA2277186A1 (en) 1998-07-16
AR010876A1 (es) 2000-07-12
EP0951430B1 (de) 2001-09-05
WO1998030466A1 (de) 1998-07-16
JP2001507658A (ja) 2001-06-12
ATE205157T1 (de) 2001-09-15
US6308830B1 (en) 2001-10-30
JP3881034B2 (ja) 2007-02-14
CA2277186C (en) 2006-08-15
KR20000070066A (ko) 2000-11-25
AU6088798A (en) 1998-08-03
BR9807074A (pt) 2000-05-02
DK0951430T3 (da) 2001-12-27
DE19700781A1 (de) 1998-07-16

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