CN1241622A - Technological process for incinerating refuse utilizing heat energy - Google Patents

Abstract

Domestic refuse is treated in one production line including refuse bag breaker, refuse washing tank, refuse roller and other special equipment to select out organic combustibles, exhaust settled inorganic matter, eliminate surplus water and produce universal lumpy fuel suitable for use in common coal-firing boiler and other blower furnaces. The present invention makes it possible to eliminate refuse pollution radically.

Description

Refuse incineration utilizes the processing method of heat energy

The invention belongs to environmental protection facility, mainly is the manufacture method of garbage fuel.

The garbage public nuisance white pollution is paid attention to by the whole world, and the method for existing large-scale treating refuse has: (1) concentrates landfill method: bury in concentrated outer suburbs, and capacity is greatly its advantage, but also exist traffic capacity big, the labour cost height, and plastics can not decompose utilization.(2) rubbish is given birth to the burning method: thoroughly totally digesting rubbish and utilizing heat energy is its advantage, but the special-purpose incinerator of the at present domestic and international rubbish of producing, all be to transform the burning of giving birth to that burner hearth makes it to adapt to rubbish, its adaptive faculty has certain limit, when water content in the rubbish and inorganics are excessive, often cause that furnace temperature descends, popularize use with influencing it because complex structure involves great expense.

Aim of the present invention is to proceed from actual conditions in the country, start with from transforming rubbish, design less investment, efficient height, novel process, new installation economic operating cost, that be convenient to popularize use, to realize when daily digesting rubbish on the same day, utterly destroy garbage public nuisance, and make full use of incineration firing heat energy system high compressed steam, be industrial air feed power supply, provide high social and economic benefit, to bring benefit to the people.

Technical scheme of the present invention proposes according to the rubbish situation of national conditions and the factor that influences incineration firing thereof: (1) national conditions rubbish one does not have packing, two no steppings, out of door is collected, be subjected to the people, the time, the influence of various factors, composition mixes, does wet differing, it is very big to meet its change of moisture content of feelings such as rainy season, rainy day and watermelon listing, as its dry state water content of Mierocrystalline cellulose such as paper, cloth, cottons below 10%, and hygrometric state can reach about 80%, the cinder seat is almost anhydrous, and its water content reaches 40--50% once getting wet.(2) the national conditions refuse reclamation is utilized morely, and waste has the people to pick up, and mostly that is picked up away is organism and little metal, remaining organic combustiblematerials is generally at 20--30%, combustiblematerials provides heat to be directly proportional with furnace temperature, and inorganics and water account for 70--80%, is that normal temperature is gone into stove high temperature and come out of the stove, take away a large amount of heat energy, also can increase burner hearth air pressure, can block the air channel again, influence oxidizing fire, its content and furnace temperature are inversely proportional to, principal contradiction that Here it is.(3) to decomposite a large amount of methane (biogas) be the flammable energy to many, rancid fast, the rubbish fermentations of domestic refuse quantity, let alone to scatter and disappear if can't utilize, the biogas that discharges and a small amount of carbon monoxide, nitrogen protoxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia ... Deng toxic gas, add the breeding of pathogenic bacterium, multiplying of mosquito, fly spreads disease germs, and constituted environment to atmospheric pollution, so eliminate garbage public nuisance and utilize rubbish heat energy all will race against time with bacterium, The sooner the better, so the high-capacity and high-speed degree is wanted in treating refuse.In a word, the difficulty for the treatment of refuse is that the quantity of rubbish is big, composition assorted, rancid fast, combustiblematerials is limited, water content is changeable, processing difficulties, burning are difficult for, also require large vol, high-speed, low consumption, high benefit, for solving this difficult problem, the present invention adopts and transforms rubbish is main, carry out the wet concentration combustiblematerials, get rid of inorganics, drain moisture content, rubbish is made the general patch fuel that adapts to common coal firing boiler and other blast furnaces.

The feasibility of technical scheme of the present invention is according to being: (1) all can sink in water greater than 1 according to its proportion of various inorganicss, all its proportions of organic combustiblematerials are all less than 1, the floating water that is suspended from capital, by the propelling movement of a constant current pressure, eddy flow, drop flow velocity, fall into the screen cloth conveying belt and just can collect all organic combustiblematerialss.(2) inorganics is sunken at the bottom of the pond of inclination, falls within a side outlet, discharges continuously through band bucket travelling belt.(3) water source: using part of running water, mainly is to collect to drain down the water cycle use, and last sewage can reach emission standard through running light by continuous filtration of screen cloth and precipitation.(4) combustiblematerials that sorts out adapts to the processing that machinery drains briquetting.(5) even relatively, the well-ventilated of its hardness of caked rubbish, mass dryness fraction, thickness, air blast does not fly, and lump can slow down the burst gasification that the plastics lipid is met the high temperature generation simultaneously, makes its oxidation abundant, not over-emitting black exhaust.(6) clean-burning organism, its terminal exhaust gas composition is carbonic acid gas and water, does not contain excessive objectionable impurities, can reach emission standard.

Concrete measure of the present invention is provided by process flow sheet (Fig. 7).

Illustrate below in conjunction with the view order:

Fig. 1, be garbage bag breaking machine master schematic top view

Fig. 2, be that rubbish wet concentration groove three is looked synoptic diagram

Fig. 3, be that cylindrical cut rubbish roller press master is looked synoptic diagram

Fig. 4, be that interior round cut rubbish roller press master looks synoptic diagram

Fig. 5, be that the lock formula rubbish roller press master that lives looks synoptic diagram

Fig. 6, A are that buckle chain sheet array configuration figure B is a buckle chain sheet major side views

Fig. 7, be process flow sheet

1, the domestic refuse car is transported into bucket: should have corresponding car fortune place, be convenient to reversing, tipping bucket, multi-faceted charging, turnover will have appropriate safety features in single file, and storage hopper capacity 20T, slanted floor be greater than 40 °, lower opening 0.36--0.42M ²The end face level, end opening connects garbage bag breaking machine.

2, garbage bag breaking machine (Fig. 1) is made up of wheel casing (1) and its two output shaft fast axiss (2) and slow axis (3), on the diaxon every the garden disc blades (4) of 8 centimeters dress a slice 4 tooth involute urve shape tooth cutting edges, blade pillow sham (5) and nut (6) are anchored on axle, the relative inward turning of diaxon, the diaxon differential is 1: 2, slow axis cutter end line speed is 2.5--3.5M/S, there are square aperture and rubbish storage hopper end opening to join on the shell safety screen (7), cover should have than large space with blade radially, the metal vessel that is ejected by involute urve can be fallen into water from the space, can stop storage hopper rubbish to rush down down when garbage bag breaking machine is static, can tear the plastics bag of bagged garbage during work, break up vial, interrupt rectangular thing, allow rubbish relatively at the uniform velocity to fall into the wet concentration groove, blade cutting edge is the involute urve formula, its effect is not allow the macrofiber thing twine cutter and hard thing swaging clamp, and establishing the diaxon differential is blade to be formed shear, and is easy to tear plastics bag.

3, rubbish wet concentration groove (Fig. 2), wet concentration slot shell (1) is made by plate welding in thin, fall into district (2) over against rubbish and be equipped with low-pressure pump spout (3), pour water facing to rubbish, rubbish seethes with the hydraulic pressure eddy flow, inorganics sinks immediately, concentrate and skid off from funnel hole (4), fall into and be with shallow bucket type travelling belt (6) to discharge, floating outstanding the going downstream of organism discharged from spillway (7), fall into the screen cloth travelling belt, deliver to rubbish roller press hopper, it is stifled to overcome card in a side of spillway (7) conical surface rake (5) rubbish of constantly raking off to be installed, 120 ° of conical surface rake (5) its taperings--adorn 4 harrow nails of arranging perpendicular to the inclined-plane for 140 °, its central shaft and worm-wheel shaft join, tilt to install only to allow the harrow nail entry, rake will make the inclined-plane parallel with the water surface stifled a flash, because cone angle has big swing angle to keep harrow nail to make rubbish be easy to come off downwards greatly, be provided with water discharge valve (8) and rear seal-cover (9) in wet concentration groove bottom, so that emptying and maintenance.

4, rubbish roller press: the roller press that designs for pilot scale has three kinds of types:

A cylindrical cut rubbish roller press (Fig. 3), (1) is frame among Fig. 3, (2) be the electric motor that is fixed on the frame (1), (3) be the step-down gear that is fixed on the frame (1), (2) with (3) available friction clutch shaft coupling, (4) be the driving toothed gear that is positioned on step-down gear (3) main shaft, (5) be to gulp down the material wheel gear, (6) be to gulp down the material wheel, (5) with (6) concentric fastening disjunctor, (7) be to be fixed on the frame to gulp down material wheel scraper on (1), its cutter hub afterbody extends to main pinch roller (9) with the bead radian of big pinch roller (12), (8) be main pinch roller gear, (9) be main pinch roller, (8) with (9) concentric fastening disjunctor, gear (5) is meshed with driving toothed gear (4) with (8) simultaneously, gulp down material wheel (6) during operation and do equidirectional (counterclockwise) with main pinch roller (9), roll with linear speed, (10) be the main pinch roller scraper that is fixed on the frame (1), (11) be hopper, (12) be big pinch roller, there is the bead that strengthens external diameter at its two ends, play thrust and the excessive effect of anti-material, its motivating force is pressed in the frictional force drive directly of (6) (9) two-wheeled by spring force, does clockwise passive rotation.(13) be big pinch roller scraper, its support arm one end is made borehole jack on the axle journal of big pinch roller central fixed shaft (14), the change of vacillating with front and back about the wheel changes, keep its scraper corner cut and support arm radius constant, and the required power of scraper, then select on the support arm by nearly scraper a force and frame (1) suitably point conflict and obtain, (14) be the stationary shaft at big pinch roller center, it cooperates by taper roller bearing with the internal diameter of big pinch roller (12), (15) be the stationary shaft slide, it and stationary shaft (14) are wringing fits, it is enclosed within screw press (18) with radial center apart from the slotted hole of 80MM and goes up and slide, what produced when adapting to twice roll extrusion different thickness tilts forward and back displacement and adjusts automatically, (16) be compression spring, its adjustable total pressure is taking turns wide centimetre * 1.5 tons of calculating, and (17) are to go up lower spring cup, the rank limit that the fixing spring internal diameter should be arranged, it and screw press (18) be the hole axle movingly.(18) be screw press, its upper end nut is to adjust the spring total pressure, its lower end nut is anchored on frame (1), above constructional feature is that three bull wheel twice are rolled, when power transmission drives three bull wheels, hopper rubbish gulps down the roll extrusion of material wheel with entering first road, gulps down material wheel scraper (7) and scrapes and be bonded at the rubbish that gulps down on the material wheel, along importing second road master's pinch roller roll extrusion in the big pinch roller bead, press the back become piece scrape in scraper (10) and (13) garbage fuel.At this moment press the rubbish bulk state, adjust pressure, in the hope of the best effect of quality and quantity.(19) be that bolt is adjusted at the component angle, because the rubbish composition is numerous and diverse, can't accurately calculate the ratio of two component angle ∠ A and ∠ B, tentative normotopia ∠ B=1.5 ∠ A, may be forbidden, middle for this reason test-run a machine spy is the concentric arc in the center of circle with the axle center, frame (1) top is cut into two bodies that cambered surface is fitted, can be under concentric condition, the vacillate applying position of arc just can change being flapped toward of spring pressure center of gravity vertical line on demand, with the ratio setting range of adjusting the component angle be ± 6 °, two cambered surfaces are done the slotted hole fine setting, and it is fastening to adjust bolt (19) by component.In different areas, the rubbish situation of Various Seasonal not simultaneously, also to readjust the ratio at component angle, the ratio at component angle is determined by wheel footpath, rubbish and pressure three intrinsic physical mechanics relation, the tangent trend of two-wheeled is relative, carries rubbish secretly with friction and goes into to roll (below be weighed into the power of rolling); Two-wheeled is tangent a corner cut of gradually opening, the power of rubbish being squeezed backward (power extruded in title) two contradictions acts on rubbish simultaneously, allow the big solid-state rubbish of frictional coefficient go into to roll during roll extrusion, allow the little water of frictional coefficient be extruded, problem is the soup compound between macrofiber and water, can go into to roll and can extrude (claim pulp-water stream) with macrofiber with water, roll frictional force for being added to as far as possible, reduce pulp-water stream, the one, add the bull wheel footpath, the wheel footpath is bigger, its corner cut is littler, it is bigger to go into to roll power, is that ultimate is arranged but the wheel footpath is subjected to the working ability restriction, and the big pinch roller of middle test-run a machine (9) should be not less than 2.8M with its radius addition of main pinch roller (6) preferably can be greater than 3.5M.The 2nd, suitable pressure, pressure bigger its is extruded power also more greatly, press to such an extent that more do, but excessive pressure makes its pulp-water stream increase again, gulping down the material amount reduces, when total pressure is transferred to when gulping down the material amount and being fit to, at this moment if the discharging water content is on the high side, the pressure that will increase main pinch roller (9) can not increase the pressure that gulps down material synthetic fibre (6) again, just has only the ratio that changes the component angle by supercharging simultaneously, be that center of gravity is shifted to main pinch roller, make ∠ A reduce ∠ B and strengthen, analogize as can be known according to reason, total pressure is wanted appropriate amount, the ratio of pressure component is also wanted suitably, just calculates the optimum pressure state.Fluting also can be added to the power of rolling on wheel face except that adding the bull wheel footpath, and the main material wheel (6) that gulps down must be slotted, and opens the radial parallel groove, slot pitch 30--4, groove angle 50--60 °, groove peak width 2--3, groove depth 10--15, bottom land is flat, a large amount of moisture content were discharged from bottom land when the effect of groove was first pressing, reduced the power of extruding to rubbish, the hard thing of the powerful easy crushing of groove peak pressure, the trough valley space is added to the capacity of rolling, and its inclined-plane increases frictional force.As for big pinch roller (12), try the zero diopter wheel earlier, zero diopter is taken turns into the piece thing and is become the piece rate higher under the scraper effect.As go into to roll frictional force when not enough, open the serration groove again, slot pitch is to gulp down 1/5th of material wheel slot pitch, in order to improve into the piece rate, main pinch roller (9) slot, and will install the angle of scraper especially, takeoff apron be wheel directly tangent line rather than the extended line of string.The particularly main pinch roller scraper (10) of back discharging and pinch roller scraper (13) greatly, the edge of a knife wants profit to be close to, and it is accurate that angle is wanted, and becomes the piece rate to improve rubbish.Gulp down material wheel gear (5) main pinch roller gears (8) in addition, they are not involute gears, but novel round pin shaft gear, promptly do to hole on the reference circle, load onto bearing pin, make the round pin shaft gear with slab, and the same standard sprocket of its profile of tooth of driving toothed gear (4) is made simply, damages interchangeable.

Cut rubbish roller press (Fig. 4) in the B, (21) are that initiatively band chain is taken turns among Fig. 4, (22) be the driven belt sprocket wheel, rise and set upright tension, (23) be the movable joint chain belt, its fundamental structural unit is to be combined by the buckle chain sheet (Fig. 6) and the axle of having strong market potential, the available cast steel of buckle chain sheet, die-forging forming or the special shaped steel of pricking carry out machining, the radian that the radius R ' of requirement work in combination face arc equals radius R * 1.45 its back sides of big pinch roller (12) is the arc of the height of concentric arc R '+buckle chain sheet, its sheet gap is favourable to exhaust outlet, but the above crack small opening of 1MM can not be arranged in order to avoid leak material, so chain sheet combination is to be half sheets with regard to both sides that a row is arranged among per two rows of staggered rank mutually, the buckle chain sheet of half sheet, there is not groove, available square steel manufacturing, (24) be the chain belt scraper, (25) be forcer, be satisfied with both sides, available hydraulic or compression spring set system, wide centimetre * the 2T of total pressure=wheel, (26) be the arc bridge, the one end props up in frame movingly with the hole axle, the other end has the crossbeam of elongation both sides at the tangent place of arc circle, be against simultaneously on the pressure at both sides device (25), its working face radian all is with the radian of inscribe arc R ' with auxocardia, vertical every 50MM mills on its arc--the 8MM groove, dark 4, bore 1 Ф 8 through hole every 50MM, reverse side Ф 10 reamings, till the surplus 2MM thickness, sulculus and hole are in order to the draining blowdown, (24) be roller chain, the major axis made from chromium steel is as roller, two ends join with carrier bar, place between movable joint chain belt (23) and the arc bridge (26) and play tumbling action, (11) be hopper, connecing initiatively by transmission system during work, band chain wheel (21) is rotated counterclockwise, chain belt affects with the 0.6--1M/S linear speed, spring force effect by forcer (25), produce strong frictional force and drive big pinch roller (12) rotation, rubbish in the hopper is promptly gone into the power of rolling and is entrained into and rolls, progressively be compressed thereupon and be dehydrated into piece, sweep through scraper, the garbage fuel of the suitable unformed caking of mass dryness fraction.Interior cut roller press is tangent with the inner arc of the circle of radius R and R ', its corner cut less than cut with the cylindrical of radius 1/4th, therefore go into the power of rolling and greatly increase, pulp-water stream reduces, and gulping down the material amount increases, and efficient improves, molding thickness increases simultaneously, becomes the piece rate also can improve relatively.

C lock formula roller press alive (Fig. 5) is on the structure of B inscribe roller press, increase activity flashboard, wheel at big pinch roller (12) is directly gone up work 24 five equilibriums, open and take turns the footpath and on two terminal drums, open the corresponding slotted hole of centering (31) with wide flashboard slotted eye alive (30), (32) be the flashboard alive that is inserted on the flashboard slotted eye alive (30), (33) be the lock cross bar alive that is fixed on the flashboard up stroke slotted hole alive (31), it is outer with tangent with guide plate that the wheel hub end face is extended at its two ends, (34) be to be fixed on frame (1) to go up the relative barrier gate guide plate in both sides, (35) be fixed on frame (1) go up both sides relative open a sluice gate guide plate, the transmission operation is with cut roller press (being omitted) in the B during work, when the end neck precession barrier gate guide plate (34) of the lock cross bar (33) of living is directed at OFF state to the flashboard (32) of living with the ramp effect of guide plate, and keep OFF state to the guide plate terminal.At this moment from directly over filled out expect that going into chain belt to precession just is compressed gradually, when precession high pressure area OFF state flashboard alive (32) is just collided with chain belt, close past rubbish and stop unidirectional Ji to be exerted oneself, therefore increase the material amount that gulps down, OFF state flashboard alive (32) is continuing the process of being compressed, automatically shorten with material, revolve third wheel arc point of contact, the lock cross bar of living just enters opens a sluice gate guide plate (35) and opens a sluice gate with the ramp effect of guide plate, and work flashboard (32) is directed at ON state, put down in the wheel footpath, be convenient to scraper caked garbage fuel is swept.Its working forms can be the half module pressure in the roll extrusion.Can overcome unidirectionally extruded power effectively, its effect will more improve a step, more than three types conform to the principle of simplicity numerously, its success ratio also improves thereupon, pilot scale must three kinds all tries to use on a selective basis in comparison, the combination typing, because it is very low that garbage fuel is worth, necessary roughing, elementary sum energy general regulations letter, reduce and make and working cost, the simple not all right complex apparatus of just having to use of equipment.

5, garbage fuel basic demand index: water content amorphous one-tenth piece rate below 17% is hanged down middle density more than 70%, and thickness is even relatively.Garbage fuel up to standard is as long as there is any burner hearth of air blast condition fully to burn.Refuse treatment requires to burn down the same day rubbish on the same day, and mainly in order to the air feed power supply, suite of equipment such as existing system gas boiler, steam engine, generator can utilize, and repeat no more.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of refuse incineration utilizes the technical process of heat energy to be called for short rubbish heat-transmission engineering, it is characterized in that to make garbage fuel be main method, the domestic refuse car is transported into bucket, through the garbage bag breaking machine broken bag, at the uniform velocity fall into rubbish wet concentration groove, discharge from being with shallow bucket conveying belt through dash the inorganics of irritating, sinking with water pump, floating outstanding organism descends the adapted conical shape harrow to dredge with flow velocity, fall into the screen cloth conveying belt, input rubbish roller press, too much moisture content is removed in press for extracting juice, rubbish is pressed into be fit to common coal firing boiler and the general amorphous block fuel of general blast furnace incendiary.In order to produce high compressed steam, the air feed power supply.

2, a kind of rubbish heat-transmission engineering specific equipment---garbage bag breaking machine (figure one) it is characterized in that wheel casing output two switched in opposite, speed differ from 1 times, with the footpath with long axle, each fixes the garden disc blades of one group of 4 tooth involute urve cutting edge on the axle, staggered equidistant the installation, complete machine is included in the upper and lower opening guard shield casing.

3, a kind of rubbish heat-transmission engineering specific equipment,---rubbish wet concentration groove (figure two), it is characterized in that, water tank is funneling, the water route is a rotary type, fall into district (2), be equipped with low-pressure pump spout (3), just holding in the palm funnel end opening (4), be equipped with and be with shallow bucket type conveying belt (6) over against rubbish, in spillway (7) one sides conical shape harrow (5) is housed, a water discharge valve (8) is arranged at the bottom.

4, a kind of rubbish heat-transmission engineering garbage dewatering becomes the piece specific equipment---outer garden cut rubbish roller press (figure three), it is characterized in that three bull wheel twice pressure, on frame (1), be fixed with motor (2) step-down gear (3) and connect gulping down material wheel (6) and its disjunctor gear of main pinch roller (9) each is meshed with therebetween driving toothed gear (4) in driving toothed gear (4) structure, its diametric plane respectively with its on big pinch roller (12) tangent.Three its place aheads, point of contact of roller respectively are equipped with one and are taken turns the scraper that the footpath suits mutually with it, three bull wheel central fixed shaft all are with taper roller bearing and cooperate with internal diameter, big pinch roller (12) central fixed shaft (15), its two ends with can adjust stationary shaft slide (14) wringing fit that screw rod (18) slides before and after up and down, spring support (17) and spring (16) are arranged on it, last lower spring cup (17) with symmetrical holes and lower end be fixed on the frame (1) screw press (18) movingly, there is a look nut its upper end of screw press (18).

5, a kind of rubbish heat-transmission engineering garbage dewatering briquetting specific equipment,---interior cut rubbish roller press (figure four), it is characterized in that (frame and transmission are omitted) is the movable joint chain belt (23) that falls in its two ends bead by the passive big pinch roller (12) of friction below it, movable joint chain belt (23) is walked around initiatively band chain wheel (21) and passive belt sprocket wheel (22), and be surrounded on arc bridge (26) jointly up and down with the roller chain (27) that is lining under it, arc bridge (26) one ends prop up in frame movingly by the hole axle, one end has the crossbeam that stretches out both sides at the tangent place of garden arc, and touches and be against on the both sides pressurizer (25).Scraper respectively is equipped with in the place ahead of endless chain points of tangency.

6, a kind of rubbish heat-transmission engineering dehydration briquetting specific equipment---the lock formula rubbish roller press (figure five) of living, it is characterized in that on the structure of interior cut roller press, the wheel of big pinch roller (12) footpath is added grooved bore (30) with 24 five equilibriums, slip is and takes turns the footpath with wide flashboard alive (32) that lock cross bar alive (33) is fixed at its rear portion in slotted eye (30).Stretch out outside the wheel hub from slotted hole (31) at the live two ends of lock cross bar (33), and what be in contact with it the barrier gate guide plate (34) that the frame of being fixed on (1) two upper lateral part is arranged of leading its switch changed position and be fixed on frame (1) both sides, bottom opens a sluice gate guide plate (35).

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