CN1232783A - 氨合成气体和动力的联合生产的方法及设备 - Google Patents

氨合成气体和动力的联合生产的方法及设备 Download PDF

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CN1232783A
CN1232783A CN99106297A CN99106297A CN1232783A CN 1232783 A CN1232783 A CN 1232783A CN 99106297 A CN99106297 A CN 99106297A CN 99106297 A CN99106297 A CN 99106297A CN 1232783 A CN1232783 A CN 1232783A
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synthesis gas
steam
power
gas
steam reforming
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CN1120127C (zh
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H·S·安德森
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Topsoe AS
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Haldor Topsoe AS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/025—Preparation or purification of gas mixtures for ammonia synthesis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/382—Multi-step processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
    • C01B2203/142—At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
    • C01B2203/143—Three or more reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
    • C01B2203/82—Several process steps of C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/08 integrated into a single apparatus

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

合成气体和动力的联合生产方法,包括烃原料的一级和二级蒸汽转化步骤,其中,从高压下的二级蒸汽转化中收回的部分合成气体在气体涡轮机中膨胀,以产生动力,并且膨胀的气体在一级蒸汽转化步骤中用作燃料。

Description

氨合成气体和动力的联合生产的方法及设备
本发明涉及一种通过烃原料的一级和二级蒸汽转化生产合成气体和产生动力的方法，其中从高压下的二级蒸汽转化中被收回的部分合成气体在气体涡轮机中膨胀以产生动力，并且膨胀的合成气体在一级蒸汽转化步骤中用作燃料。
由烃原料先后经过一级和二级蒸汽转化来制备合成气体是公知的技术。惯用的制备方法是先后在一明火管式蒸汽转化器和一个具有顶部燃烧区和底部催化剂区的绝热燃烧反应器中进行。在燃烧区，烃原料被空气或含氧气的大气部分氧化。来自燃烧区的部分氧化排放物随后在反应器底部以固定床方式放置的蒸汽转化催化剂存在情况下被蒸汽转化。在绝热转化器中典型的操作条件为850℃,2～4MPa，蒸汽与碳的比率大于1，视所需的气体产品而定。
绝热蒸汽转化存在的一个问题是在烃的亚化学计量燃烧中形成烟灰。尤其是通入绝热转化器的气体的蒸汽与碳的比率低时，在燃烧区会明显地形成烟灰。
在许多工业应用中都要求通入的气体的蒸汽与碳的比率低。这样，生产氢和一氧化碳合成气体时，蒸汽与碳的比率小于1有利于在气体产品中获得最佳的氢气和一氧化碳的比率。
过去，曾为减少在绝热转化中在蒸汽与碳的比率低的情况下烟灰的形成做过一些尝试，包括特殊的燃烧器的设计和操作条件的控制。
欧洲专利申请(申请号为99102386)公开了一种无烟绝热催化蒸汽转化方法，该方法是根据被转化原料的绝热气体温度和蒸汽与碳的比率，将操作压力控制在一定范围，以避免烟灰的形成。
进一步发现在蒸汽与碳的比率很低的情况下，操作压力高于3.5MPa便可以实现无烟灰转化。
在绝热蒸汽转化过程中高压操作的缺点是为压缩通入的气体需要昂贵的费用。在随后的工艺设备中，一般要求使用较低压力的合成气体。
现在发现，当从处于高压的转化器中被收回的部分合成气体在气体涡轮机中释压以产生动力，并且膨胀的气体在明火管式蒸汽转化器中用作燃料时，用于将通入的气体压缩入自热转化器的大量能量将被重新获得。
因此，本发明提供一种合成气体和动力的联合生产方法，包括烃原料的一级和二级蒸汽转化步骤，其中，从高压下的二级蒸汽转化中收回的部分合成气体在气体涡轮机中膨胀以产生动力，并且膨胀的合成气体在一级蒸汽转化步骤中用作燃料。
本发明的一个特定的实施例如附图1所示。
在图1所示的方法中，首先，烃原料气体1和蒸汽在管式蒸汽转化器10中被蒸汽转化。蒸汽转化器10含有一外部被燃烧器15中燃烧的燃料加热的常规的蒸汽转化催化剂12的固定床。
本发明的一个重要特征是用于加热蒸汽转化催化剂的燃料是通过在下面进一步描述的方法获得的合成气体的部分气流5。
来自催化剂床12经一级蒸汽转化的气流2被收回并和氧化剂流3一起被引入二级转化器16。在二级转化器16中，经一级蒸汽转化的气流2通过已知的二级蒸汽转化方法被进一步蒸汽转化。反应器16的操作条件和使用的催化剂是常规的并归纳于下表中。来自反应器16经蒸汽转化的氨合成气体4被收回并将其中的一部分送入产品线路6，余下的气流经过气体涡轮机18，在那里气体膨胀而产生转动的轴动力。来自气体涡轮机18的膨胀合成气体5然后在燃烧器15中燃烧，为一级转化器10供热。
上述方法中的工艺条件和不同气流的组成归纳于下表。
表
气流编号      1      2     3     4    5
流速，Nm3/h    208184    257176    65133  344258  68852
压力，Kg/cm2     39.5      36     37   35.5   1.5
温度，℃     635      809     550    973   454
组成，mol％
H2    13.60     39.46      -   37.42  37.42
N2     2.01     1.10    77.61   15.51  15.51
O2      -      -    20.88     -    -
H2O    47.95     39.45     0.55   31.96  31.96
CH4    30.95     7.46      -    0.41   0.41
C2      -      -      -      -    -
CO     0.15     6.18      -    9.43   9.43
CO2     5.31     6.33     0.03    5.09   5.09
Ar     0.03     0.02     0.90    0.18   0.18
气体涡轮机的功率：15.8MW
从上表可以看出当生成的合成气体在气体涡轮机中体积膨胀约20％时，通过上述方法便可产生15.8MW的动力。

Claims (2)

1．合成气体和动力的联合生产方法，包括烃原料的一级和二级蒸汽转化步骤，其中从高压下的二级蒸汽转化中被收回的部分合成气体在气体涡轮机中膨胀以产生动力，并且膨胀的合成气体在一级蒸汽转化步骤中用作燃料。
2．合成气体和动力的联合生产设备，包括：在与二级蒸汽转化器连接的燃料加热的一级蒸汽转化器；一个与二级蒸汽转化器出口线路连接的气体涡轮机，用于将通过二级蒸汽转化器出口线路收回的至少部分生成的合成气体膨胀；用于使膨胀的合成气体通入至位于一级蒸汽转化器中燃烧器的线路。
CN99106297A 1998-04-16 1999-04-15 氨合成气体和动力的联合生产的方法及设备 Expired - Lifetime CN1120127C (zh)

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CN107882638A (zh) * 2017-06-09 2018-04-06 厦门大学 动力机构

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DE10053778A1 (de) * 2000-10-30 2002-05-08 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Wasserstoff (H2) und Kohlenmonoxid (CO)enthaltenden Syngases sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
JP4691632B2 (ja) * 2000-12-04 2011-06-01 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 メタノール・ギ酸メチルの化学エネルギーを用いる熱回収と熱利用および発電の方法
FR2941937B1 (fr) * 2009-02-09 2011-08-19 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de production d'hydrogene avec captation totale du co2, et reduction du methane non converti
EP2404869A1 (en) * 2010-07-06 2012-01-11 Ammonia Casale S.A. Process for producing ammonia synthesis gas
JP6353818B2 (ja) * 2015-09-11 2018-07-04 株式会社神戸製鋼所 水蒸気改質回路及びメタネーション回路を備えるシステム

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107882638A (zh) * 2017-06-09 2018-04-06 厦门大学 动力机构

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ZA992720B (en) 1999-10-14
AU2377299A (en) 1999-10-28
AU744693B2 (en) 2002-02-28
US6216464B1 (en) 2001-04-17
JP2000001312A (ja) 2000-01-07
CN1120127C (zh) 2003-09-03
KR100313460B1 (ko) 2001-11-07
NZ335135A (en) 2000-11-24
NO325090B1 (no) 2008-01-28
NO991712L (no) 1999-10-18
JP4387489B2 (ja) 2009-12-16
EP0950637B1 (en) 2004-08-25
KR19990083200A (ko) 1999-11-25
DE69919620D1 (de) 2004-09-30
EP0950637A2 (en) 1999-10-20
NO991712D0 (no) 1999-04-12
DE69919620T2 (de) 2005-01-05

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