CN1230159A - Graphite particles and lithium secondary cell using them as cathode material - Google Patents

Graphite particles and lithium secondary cell using them as cathode material Download PDF

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CN1230159A
CN1230159A CN97197784A CN97197784A CN1230159A CN 1230159 A CN1230159 A CN 1230159A CN 97197784 A CN97197784 A CN 97197784A CN 97197784 A CN97197784 A CN 97197784A CN 1230159 A CN1230159 A CN 1230159A
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graphite granule
graphite
lithium secondary
secondary battery
granule
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CN1076711C (en
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石井义人
西田达也
藤田淳
山田和夫
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Showa Denko Materials Co ltd
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Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

Graphite particles which are flat particles aggregated or combined in such a way that their orientation faces are not parallel with each other; graphite particles whose aspect ratio is not larger than 5, whose specific surface area is not larger than 8 m<2>/g, or whose crystallites have a size of not less than 500 ANGSTROM along the c-axis and a size of not larger than 1000 ANGSTROM in the face direction; or graphite particles of which the pore volume of pores having a size ranging from 10<2> to 10<6> ANGSTROM is 0.4-2.0 cc/g per graphite particle weight or the pore volume of pores having a size ranging from 1x10<2> to 2x10<4> ANGSTROM is 0.08-0.4 cc/g per graphite particle weight. Such graphite particles are suitable for the manufacture of the cathode of a lithium secondary cell, and a lithium secondary cell thus fabricated has an excellent quick charge characteristic, cycle characteristic, etc.

Description

Graphite granule, its production method, contain this particulate negative pole and lithium secondary battery
The present invention relates to a kind of novel graphite particle, the said novel graphite particulate of a kind of production method, a kind of graphite thickener that uses said graphite granule, a kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery that uses said graphite thickener, a kind of method of producing said negative pole, and a kind of lithium secondary battery.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of lithium secondary battery that is applicable to portable instrument, electromobile, electrical power storage etc., it has the fast charging and discharging performance of excellence and excellent cycle performance etc., the invention still further relates to a kind of graphite granule as its negative pole, a kind of method of producing said graphite granule, a kind of graphite thickener that uses said graphite granule, a kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery that uses said graphite thickener, and a kind of method of producing said negative pole.
As the graphite granule of prior art, can be natural graphite particles, the synthetic graphite particle of the synthetic graphite particle by coke greying preparation, the greying preparation by organic polymer and pitch etc., by pulverizing graphite granule that these graphite obtain etc.By graphite granule and organic binder bond and organic solvent are mixed with a kind of graphite thickener, with said graphite thickener coating Copper Foil, evaporate said solvent then, can be the negative pole of these graphite granules as lithium secondary battery.For example, in JP-B62-23433, plan by using graphite to eliminate as negative pole because the internal short-circuit problem that the dendrite of lithium causes and improve said cycle performance.
But, in the natural graphite particles of the good growth of graphite crystal therein and in the synthetic graphite particle that the greying by coke prepares, interlayer bonding force on crystalline c direction of principal axis is lower than the bonding force on crystal plane direction, so, destroyed the combination between the graphite linings when pulverizing, formation has the what is called " platy shaped particle " of large aspect ratio.Form electrode on the current collector if the exfoliated graphite particles of large aspect ratio mixed with tackiness agent and be coated to, said exfoliated graphite particles aligns at the in-plane of current collector.As a result, because multiple absorption and release that lithium enters graphite crystal produce strain on the c direction of principal axis, cause the internal sabotage of electrode.Therefore, said loop cycle worsens, and said fast charging and discharging performance also is tending towards variation.
And the graphite granule that has the prior art of macrocrystal size in crystal plane direction needs the long time to carry out the absorption and the release of lithium.In addition, the exfoliated graphite particles of the prior art of large aspect ratio has bigger specific surface area.Therefore, the lithium secondary battery that is obtained is having bigger irreversible capacity in the circulation for the first time, and such graphite granule is poor to the associativity of current collector, thereby needs a large amount of wedding agents.If the associativity to current collector is bad, then bad and loading capacity, fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance deterioration of electric current collection effect.Therefore, wish a kind of graphite granule of exploitation, when making lithium secondary battery, its fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence, perhaps the irreversible capacity in circulation for the first time is little and cycle performance is excellent, and perhaps the irreversible capacity in circulation for the first time is little and can improve fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance.
The invention provides the graphite granule that addresses the above problem and be applicable to as the negative pole of lithium secondary battery with fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence.
The present invention also provides the negative pole that is applicable to and lithium secondary battery that cycle performance excellent little as round-robin reversible capacity for the first time.
The present invention also provides a kind of production to be applicable to method as the graphite granule of the negative pole of lithium secondary battery, said secondary cell fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence, perhaps for the first time the round-robin irreversible capacity is little and cycle performance is excellent, perhaps little and fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence of round-robin irreversible capacity for the first time.
The present invention also provides a kind of graphite thickener that is applicable to as the negative pole of lithium secondary battery, said lithium secondary battery fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence, perhaps for the first time the round-robin irreversible capacity is little and cycle performance is excellent, perhaps little and fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence of round-robin irreversible capacity for the first time.
The present invention also provides a kind of negative pole of lithium secondary battery of heavy body, said lithium secondary battery fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence, perhaps for the first time the round-robin irreversible capacity is little and cycle performance is excellent, perhaps little and fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence of the round-robin irreversible capacity first time, and a kind of method of producing said negative pole.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium secondary battery of heavy body, said lithium secondary battery fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence, perhaps for the first time the round-robin irreversible capacity is little and cycle performance is excellent, perhaps little and fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence of round-robin irreversible capacity for the first time.
Graphite granule of the present invention has following feature (1)～(6).
(1), makes the not parallel each other graphite granule that obtains of crystal face that the particulate of each writing board shape aligns the particle of a plurality of writing board shapes combination or combine.
(2) said graphite granule aspect ratio is 5 or littler graphite granule.
(3) its specific surface area is 8m 2/ g or littler graphite granule.
(4) crystalline size on crystalline c direction of principal axis (thickness direction) is 500 dusts or bigger, is of a size of 1,000 dust or littler graphite granule on crystal plane direction, and these two sizes are measured by the wide angle of X ray diffraction.
(5) weight with graphite granule is benchmark, and size is 10 2～10 6The pore volume of dust is 0.4～2.0cc/g.
(6) weight with graphite granule is benchmark, and size is 1 * 10 2～2 * 10 4The pore volume of dust is 0.08～0.4cc/g.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method of producing above-mentioned graphite granule, be characterised in that can graphited aggregate (raw material), graphite, can graphited tackiness agent and the graphitization catalyst of 1～50wt% mix, calcine and pulverize said mixture then.
The invention still further relates to a kind of graphite thickener, by in above-mentioned graphite granule or the graphite granule produced by aforesaid method, adding a kind of organic binder bond and solvent, and the said mixture of homogenizing and obtaining.
The negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery of the present invention passes through to use above-mentioned graphite thickener production, and has following feature (1)～(3).
(1) a kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery obtains by applying above-mentioned graphite thickener and form an integral body on a current collector.
(2) a kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery, by the mixture of a kind of graphite granule and organic solvent and current collector integration are obtained, wherein, suppress and the density of the mixture of the graphite of integration and organic binder bond is 1.5～1.9g/cm 3
(3) a kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery, by the mixture of a kind of graphite granule and organic binder bond and a kind of current collector integration are obtained, wherein, the content of said organic binder bond is that benchmark is 3～20wt% with said mixture.
The invention still further relates to a kind of production and be used for the method for negative pole of the lithium secondary battery of (2), be characterised in that to a kind of can graphited aggregate or graphite and a kind of graphitization catalyst that adds 1～50wt% in can graphited tackiness agent, the said mixture of homogenizing, calcine said mixture, broken back obtains graphite granule, in said graphite granule, add a kind of organic binder bond and a kind of organic solvent, said mixture is coated on a kind of current collector, evaporate said solvent, then compacting and integration.
In addition, the present invention relates to a kind of lithium secondary battery, comprise a shell, lid, at least one pair of positive and negative electrode, said shell, lid and electrode are installed by the isolation of dividing plate, near said shell, lid and electrode, provide electrolyte solution, wherein, said negative pole is with above-mentioned graphite granule manufacturing.
Figure 1A and 1B are the scanning electron microscopy pictures of graphite granule of the present invention, and wherein, Figure 1A is the image of said particulate outside surface, and Figure 1B is the image in said particulate cross section
Fig. 2 is the front view of the partial cross section of cylindrical lithium secondary battery.
Fig. 3 is the figure that concerns between expression loading capacity and the charge and discharge cycles number of times.
Fig. 4 is illustrated in the figure that concerns between loading capacity and the charging and discharging currents.
Fig. 5 is the skeleton diagram of one embodiment of the present of invention.It is the lithium secondary battery that is used to measure charge-discharge performance and irreversible capacity.
Graphite granule of the present invention can be divided into six kinds according to its feature.
First kind of particle of the present invention is a kind of a plurality of tabular particle combination or combines, thereby make the uneven each other graphite granule of its crystal face that aligns.
In the present invention, term " tabular particle " is meant and is shaped as the particle with a major axis and a minor axis that promptly its shape is not the ideal sphere.For example, this particle comprises the part of flake shaped particle, laminar particle and blocky-shaped particle.
" crystal face that align mutually be not parallel to each other " of term in a plurality of tabular particles is meant that a plurality of groups of grains lump together the state that its crystal face that aligns is not arranged in one direction when the flat crystal face of each particulate or near even curface during as a crystal face that aligns.
From constituent materials, each tabular particle is preferably by forming or be made up of graphite by graphited raw material (aggregate).
In above-mentioned graphite granule, said tabular particle makes up or combines.It is a kind of state of instigating particle to combine by intermediate mediums such as tackiness agents each other that term " combines ", term " combination " is meant a kind of state that particle flocks together owing to factors such as its shapes, and each particle does not combine by intermediate mediums such as tackiness agents.From the viewpoint of physical strength, the particle that combines is preferred.
Single tabular particulate gravel size decision be 1～100 μ m, more preferably 1～50 μ m represents with average particulate diameter.Preferably 2/3 of the single tabular particle of this size average particle size particle size that is graphite granule said combination or that combine or littler, make up or the tabular particulate quantity that combines preferably 3 or more.In the present invention, said average particle size particle size can be used laser light scattering particle distribution of sizes analysis-e/or determining.
If such graphite granule is as negative pole, said graphite crystal is not easy to align on current collector, and lithium absorbs in the negative pole that enters said graphite formation easily and therefrom discharges easily.Therefore, can improve the charge-discharge performance and the cycle performance of the lithium secondary battery that is obtained.
Figure 1A and 1B are the scanning electron microscopy pictures of graphite granule of the present invention, and wherein, Figure 1A is the scanning electron microscopy picture of the outside surface of graphite granule of the present invention, and Figure 1B is the scanning electron microscopy picture in the cross section of graphite granule of the present invention.In Figure 1A, can observe, many exfoliated graphite particles combine, and its crystal face that aligns is not parallel to each other mutually, form a kind of graphite granule.
Second kind of graphite granule of the present invention is that a kind of aspect ratio is 5 or littler graphite granule, and when using this graphite granule, particle aligning on current collector is difficult to realize that so be similar to above-mentioned situation, lithium is absorbed easily and discharges.
Said aspect ratio is preferably in 1.2～5 scope.Less than 1.2 o'clock, the contact area between the particle reduced in said aspect ratio, so the electroconductibility reduction, and owing to above-mentioned same reason, the preferred scope of aspect ratio is 1.3 or bigger.
On the other hand, the upper limit of said aspect ratio is 5, preferably 3 or littler, when said aspect ratio greater than 5 the time, fast charging and discharging performance aggravates.Therefore, the most preferred numerical value of said aspect ratio is 1.3～3.
If graphite granule is represented with A in the length of long axis direction, represent with B that in the length of short-axis direction then aspect ratio is represented with A/B.In the present invention,, select 100 particles at random, measure its A/B and calculate its mean value and determine aspect ratio by amplifying graphite granule at microscopically.
Aspect ratio be 5 or littler graphite granule in, combination or bond material with graphite granule of reduced size are preferred.
The third graphite granule of the present invention is that a kind of specific surface area is 8m 2/ g or littler graphite granule.Said specific surface area is 5m preferably 2/ g or littler, more preferably 1.5～5m 2/ g, further preferably 2～5m 2/ g.By using such graphite granule, can improve the fast charging and discharging performance and the cycle performance of the lithium secondary battery of gained, and reduce the irreversible capacity in circulation for the first time as negative pole.If said specific surface area is greater than 8m 2/ g, the round-robin irreversible capacity height first time of the lithium secondary battery of gained, energy density is low, and exists the preparation negative pole need use the problem of a large amount of tackiness agents.On the other hand, if said specific surface area less than 1.5m 2/ f, the fast charging and discharging performance and the cycle performance of the lithium secondary battery of gained aggravate.Said specific surface area can be passed through known method mensuration such as BET (nitrogen adsorption method).
The 4th kind of particle of the present invention is that a kind of crystalline size Lc in crystalline c axle (002) direction that measures with the wide angle of X ray diffraction approach is 500 dusts or bigger, and the crystalline size La on crystal plane direction (110) is 1,000 dust or littler graphite granule.By using such graphite granule, can improve the fast charging and discharging performance and the cycle performance of the lithium secondary battery of gained as negative pole.Crystalline size Lc on crystalline c axle (002) direction is preferably 1, in the scope of 000～100,000 dust, suppose to surpass 3, the Lc of 000 dust can not accurately measure with the wide angle of X ray diffraction, and the crystalline size on said crystalline crystal plane direction (110) is preferably at 800～50 dusts.
If the crystalline size Lc (002) on the c direction of principal axis is less than 500 dusts, perhaps at the size La (110) of said crystal plane direction greater than 1,000 dust, charging capacity diminishes.
In the 4th kind of graphite granule, the crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) that measures by the wide angle of the X ray of graphite granule diffraction is 3.38 dusts or littler preferably, more preferably at 3.37～3.35 dusts.If crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) surpasses 3.38 dusts, charging capacity is tending towards reducing.
The 5th kind of graphite granule of the present invention be characterised in that, is benchmark with the weight of graphite granule, and pore size is 10 2～10 6Pore volume in the dust scope is 0.4～2.0cc/g.By using such graphite granule as negative pole, expansion and the contraction of electrode when discharging and recharging absorbed by the pore of graphite granule, therefore can suppress the internal sabotage of electrode, thereby improve the cycle performance of the lithium secondary battery that is obtained.Pore size is 10 2～10 6Pore volume in the dust scope is more preferably in 0.4～1.5cc/g scope, further preferably in 0.6～1.2cc/g scope.If total pore volume is less than 0.4cc/g, cycle performance is bad.If total pore volume greater than 2.0cc/g, makes the integration of graphite granule and current collector need a large amount of tackiness agents, this has reduced the capacity of the lithium secondary battery of being produced.Said pore volume can be determined by the hole diameter distribution measuring that mercury apertometer method is carried out.Pore size also can be determined by the pore size distribution measuring that uses mercury apertometer method.
The 6th kind of graphite granule of the present invention is characterised in that the weight with graphite granule is benchmark, and pore size is 1 * 10 2～2 * 10 4Pore volume in the dust scope is in 0.08～0.4cc/g scope.If use such graphite granule as negative pole, expansion and the contraction of electrode when discharging and recharging absorbed by the pore of graphite granule, therefore can suppress the internal sabotage of electrode, thereby improve the cycle performance of the lithium secondary battery that is obtained.Pore size is 1 * 10 2～2 * 10 4Pore volume in the dust scope is more preferably in 0.1～0.3cc/g scope.If the pore volume of size in this scope is less than 0.08cc/g, cycle performance is bad.If the pore volume of size in this scope greater than 4cc/g, makes graphite granule and current collector integration need a large amount of tackiness agents, this has reduced the capacity of the lithium secondary battery of gained.The volume of the pore of size in this scope also can be determined by the pore size distribution measuring that uses mercury apertometer method.
In above-mentioned second kind to the 6th kind graphite granule of the present invention, preferably said graphite granule has the feature of first kind of graphite granule, and promptly said graphite granule is the mutual uneven graphite granule of crystal face that a kind of wherein a plurality of tabular particle makes up or combines it is aligned.If with such graphite granule as negative pole, can not easily realize said graphite crystal aligning on current collector, promote lithium to enter the absorption and the release of lithium from negative pole graphite of negative pole graphite, can further improve the fast charging and discharging performance and the cycle performance of said lithium secondary battery.
First kind of graphite granule equally preferably of the present invention and the third～the 6th kind of graphite granule has the feature of second kind of graphite granule of the present invention, the aspect ratio that is them is 5 or littler, because this makes that particle aligning on current collector is difficult to realize, similar to above-mentioned content, promoted the absorption and the release of lithium.The aspect ratio of said graphite granule preferably 3 or littler.The lower limit of said aspect ratio preferably 1.2 or bigger, more preferably 1.3 or bigger.
First kind and second kind of graphite granule equally preferably of the present invention and the 4th kind～the 6th kind graphite granule have the feature of the third graphite granule of the present invention, and promptly their specific surface area is 8m 2/ g or littler, more preferably 5m 2/ g, further preferably 2～5m 2/ g.Also have a kind of trend, if said specific surface area further increases, the irreversible capacity of prepared lithium secondary battery increases and energy density reduces.Also have a kind of trend, if said specific surface area increases, the irreversible capacity of not only prepared lithium secondary battery increases, and the amount of the needed tackiness agent of preparation negative pole also increases.
In addition; in first kind of the present invention～the third graphite granule and the 5th kind and the 6th kind of graphite granule; crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) by the wide angle of the X ray of powdered graphite diffractometry preferably should be 3.38 dusts or littler; 3.37 dusts or littler more preferably are because littler interlamellar spacing d (002) has provided higher loading capacity.On the other hand, the crystalline size Lc (002) on the c direction of principal axis preferably should be 500 dusts or bigger, and 1,000 dust or bigger more preferably is because bigger Lc (002) provides higher loading capacity.
In addition, first kind preferably of the present invention～the 4th kind of graphite granule has the feature of the 5th kind and the 6th kind graphite granule of the present invention, be that they have pore volume corresponding to the pore of specific dimensions, because expansion and the contraction of electrode when discharging and recharging can be absorbed by the pore of graphite granule, therefore, the internal sabotage that can suppress electrode, so, the cycle performance of said lithium secondary battery can be improved.
In the present invention, the gravel size decision of first kind～the 6th kind of graphite granule be 1～100 μ m, more preferably 10～50 μ m represent with average particulate diameter.
Though making the method for the above-mentioned graphite granule that satisfies above-mentioned feature does not limit especially, such graphite granule can by to a kind of can graphited raw material or graphite with can the mixture of graphited tackiness agent in the graphitization catalyst that adds and mix 1～50wt%, calcine then and pulverize and obtain.By such process, in the space of having discharged said graphitization catalyst, form pore, thereby can give graphite granule of the present invention good performance.The amount of said graphitization catalyst is 3～20wt% preferably.
In addition, can pass through suitably to select graphite or aggregate and tackiness agent blended method, the amount of ratio of mixture such as tackiness agent etc., and the pulverization conditions after the calcining prepares every kind of above-mentioned graphite granule.
As can graphited raw material, can use the carbonization product of coke powder, resin etc., can unrestrictedly use any dusty material, as long as said dusty material can greying.In these dusty materials, can easily graphited coke powder, be preferred as needle coke etc.
As graphite, can use natural graphite powder, synthetic graphite powder etc.So long as pulverous, can use any graphite.Preferably can graphited raw material and the particle diameter of graphite less than the particle diameter of graphite granule produced according to the invention.
As graphite catalyst, can use metal and carbide and oxide compounds such as iron, nickel, titanium, silicon, boron.In these graphitization catalyst, the carbide of silicon or boron and oxide compound are preferred.
The average particulate diameter of said graphitization catalyst is 150 μ m or littler preferably, more preferably 100 μ m or littler, further preferably 50 μ m or littler.When said average particulate diameter during greater than 150 μ m, the crystalline growth is tending towards inhomogeneous, and charge/discharge capacity is tending towards inhomogeneous.
Graphite granule with gained is a benchmark, and the add-on of said graphitization catalyst is 1～50wt%, preferably 5～40wt%, more preferably 5～30wt%.If the amount of graphitization catalyst is less than 1wt%, the growth of graphite crystal can not be satisfactory, simultaneously, and the pore smaller volume in said graphite granule.On the other hand, if the amount of graphitization catalyst greater than 50wt%, workability worsens, simultaneously, the pore volume in said graphite granule becomes too big.
As tackiness agent, organic materialss such as tar, pitch, thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin are preferred.With can graphited tabular raw material or graphite be benchmark, the amount of tackiness agent is 5～80wt% preferably, 10～80wt% more preferably, further preferably 15～80%.If the amount of said tackiness agent is too big or too little, the aspect ratio of said graphite granule and specific surface area have the trend that becomes too big.
A kind of can graphited aggregate or graphite and a kind of tackiness agent blended method do not limit especially, and carry out said mixing with muller.Preferably, under the temperature of the softening temperature that is lower than said tackiness agent, carry out said mixing.Specifically, when said tackiness agent is pitch, tar etc., preferably carry out said mixing, when said tackiness agent is thermosetting resin, preferably carry out said mixing at 20～100 ℃ at 50～300 ℃.
Subsequently, the mixture that obtains above of calcining carries out graphitization processing.If necessary, before greying, can be shaped as desirable shape to said mixture.In addition, if necessary, can before graphitization processing, pulverize the mixture of formed thereby, particle diameter is adjusted to required value.Said calcining is preferably carried out under said mixture is difficult to the condition of oxidation.For example, said calcining is carried out in nitrogen, argon gas or vacuum.Preferably 2,000 ℃ or higher of said graphited temperature, more preferably 2,500 ℃ or higher, further preferably 2,800～3,200 ℃.
If said graphited temperature is too low, graphite crystal is grown unsatisfactorily, and said graphitization catalyst is tending towards being retained in the said graphite granule.If said graphitization catalyst is retained in the prepared graphite granule, then loading capacity reduces.If graphited temperature is too high, the distillation of graphite may take place.
Preferably in step subsequently, pulverize the graphited product that is obtained.The breaking method of said greying product does not limit especially, but can use jet mill, vibration mill, rod mill, hammer mill etc.Average particulate diameter after the pulverizing is 1～100 μ m preferably, more preferably 10～50 μ m.If said average particulate diameter is too big, exists in electrode surface and form erose trend easily.
In the present invention, above-mentioned graphite granule 1～6 can obtain by above-mentioned step.
By being mixed with a kind of organic binder bond and a kind of organic solvent, above-mentioned graphite granule produces graphite thickener of the present invention.
As said organic binder bond, can use polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene terpolymer, divinyl rubber, styrene butadiene rubbers, butyl, have the polymkeric substance of macroion conductivity etc.
As said polymkeric substance, can use poly(vinylidene fluoride), polyoxyethylene, Polyglycol 166-450, poly-phosphine piperazine, polyacrylonitrile etc. with macroion conductivity.
In these organic binder bonds, the polymkeric substance with macroion conductivity is preferred.Poly(vinylidene fluoride) is particularly preferred.
The graphite granule of the preferably per 100 parts of weight of ratio of mixture between said graphite granule and the said organic binder bond is the organic binder bond of 3～10 parts of weight.
Said solvent does not limit especially.Can use organic solvents such as N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-, dimethyl formamide, Virahol.
The amount of said solvent does not limit especially, as long as but can adjust to said graphite thickener the viscosity of requirement, can be content arbitrarily.Preferably, be benchmark with the graphite thickener, use the solvent of 30～70wt%.
The negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery of the present invention is divided into three types roughly according to its feature.
First kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery of the present invention is characterised in that a kind of of the above-mentioned graphite granule of use.By being shaped as shapes such as thin slice, bead, said graphite thickener can obtain this negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery.
Said graphite thickener is coated on a kind of current collector and with said current collector integration, form a kind of negative pole.
As said current collector, can use the paper tinsel or the net of nickel, copper etc.Can carry out said integration by the combination of using mould pressing method such as roll-in, compacting or these methods.
Second kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery of the present invention is characterised in that the mixture and a kind of current collector integration of a kind of graphite granule with organic binder bond, after said integration, the density of the mixture of said graphite granule and tackiness agent is 1.5～1.9g/cm 3, 1.55～1.85g/cm preferably 3, 1.6～1.85g/cm more preferably 3, 1.6～1.8g/cm further preferably 3The density of the graphite granule by increase constituting negative pole of the present invention and the mixture of tackiness agent, the lithium secondary battery that obtains from said negative pole can have the energy density of the unit volume of increase.If the density of the mixture of graphite granule and tackiness agent is greater than 1.9g/cm 3, said fast charging and discharging performance worsens.If said density is less than 1.5g/cm 3, the lithium secondary battery that is obtained has the energy density of reduction.
At the second kind of the present invention used graphite granule of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery can be any graphite, as long as can design its density in above-mentioned scope.Material beyond the above-mentioned graphite granule of the present invention also is operable as natural graphite etc.Yet, in all these graphite granules, above-mentioned graphite granule of the present invention is particularly preferred, because when the density of the negative pole that increases prepared lithium secondary battery, use graphite of the present invention might improve loading capacity, fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance.
The ratio of mixture of used organic binder bond, current collector and the solvent types of second kind of the present invention negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery and these components can with used identical of first kind of the present invention negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery.
For the density of the mixture that makes graphite granule and organic binder bond drops in the above-mentioned scope, preferably under the condition of exerting pressure, carry out the integration of the mixture of current collector and graphite and organic binder bond after integration.Said pressure can apply by roll or pressing machine etc.
The negative pole that the third is used for lithium secondary battery of the present invention is characterised in that the weight with the mixture of graphite and organic binder bond is benchmark, and the amount of organic binder bond is 3～20wt%, preferably 11～20wt%.Make it in such scope by the amount of adjusting said organic binder bond, can make the loading capacity of the negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery of said mixture of unit weight higher.Mixture with graphite granule or organic binder bond is a benchmark, and the amount of said organic binder bond is 12～16wt% more preferably.If the amount of said organic binder bond is less than 3wt%, between the graphite granule and a little less than the bonding force between graphite granule and the current collector, therefore, resistance height on its interface, the electroconductibility of prepared lithium secondary battery is low, and the loading capacity of the mixture of the loading capacity of the graphite granule of unit weight and the graphite granule of unit weight and organic binder bond is low.In addition, said graphite granule expands when discharging and recharging and shrinks.Therefore, when repeating to discharge and recharge, destroying easily between the graphite granule and between graphite granule and current collector, therefore, cycle performance worsens.On the other hand, when the amount of said organic binder bond during greater than 20wt%, between the graphite granule and the organic binder bond that between graphite granule and current collector, has a large amount of low electric conductivities, therefore, the electroconductibility of negative pole reduces, the loading capacity of the graphite granule of unit weight reduces, and the result reduces the loading capacity of the mixture of unit weight graphite granule and organic binder bond.In addition, because said organic binder bond neither charges and does not also discharge, so, the add-on of organic binder bond surpasses 20wt% makes the amount of the graphite granule in said mixture little of less than 80wt%, therefore, the loading capacity of the mixture of unit weight graphite granule and organic binder bond diminishes.
Using above-mentioned graphite granule of the present invention is preferred as the graphite granule that the third is used for the negative pole of lithium secondary battery of the present invention, because when the negative pole that makes prepared lithium secondary battery has high density, thereby loading capacity, fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance have been improved.
Used organic binder bond, current collector and solvent types in the negative pole of the third lithium secondary battery of the present invention, the mold pressing parameter of the ratio of mixture of these compositions and said current collector and said mixture can with used identical of first kind of the present invention negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery.The same with second kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery, preferably select said mold pressing parameter to make that the density of mixture of integration of graphite granule and tackiness agent is 1.5～1.9g/cm 3
Every kind of negative pole of lithium secondary battery is installed, is made its intermediate medium that passes through a dividing plate relative, after this, pour a kind of electrolyte solution into a positive pole.By such process, can prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, to compare with the lithium secondary battery of prior art, the capacity of said secondary cell is higher, charge-discharge performance and cycle performance are more superior, and irreversible capacity is littler.
Anodal material as lithium secondary battery of the present invention does not limit especially, can use LiNiO individually or with the form of mixture 2, LiCoO 2, LiMn 2O 4Deng.
As said electrolyte solution, can use by LiClO 4, LiPF 6, LiAsF 6, LiBF 4, LiSO 3CF 3Be dissolved in the so-called organic electrolyte solution for preparing in the non-aqueous solvents such as ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, glycol dimethyl ether, methylcarbonate, tetrahydrofuran (THF), Texacar PC Deng lithium salts.
As said dividing plate, for example, can use with non-woven fabrics, cloth, microporous membrane and the combination thereof as main component such as polyethylene, polypropylene.
Fig. 2 represents the front view of partial cross section of an a kind of embodiment of cylindrical lithium secondary battery; Wherein, the 1st, anodal, the 2nd, negative pole, the 3rd, dividing plate, the 4th, positive terminal, the 5th, anode connector, the 6th, positive cover, the 7th, battery can, the 8th, gasket.
Below with reference to embodiment and as required, accompanying drawing is explained the present invention.
Embodiment 1～7th, wherein uses first kind of the present invention, second kind and the third graphite granule as said graphite granule, with first kind of the present invention embodiment that is used for the negative pole of lithium secondary battery as the negative material of lithium secondary battery.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of graphite granule
Is the average particulate diameter of 70 parts of weight that the ferric oxide of the tar-bitumen of the coke powder of 10 μ m, 20 parts of weight, 10 parts of weight and the coal tar of 20 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 100 ℃.Said mixture under nitrogen atmosphere 2,800 ℃ of calcinings, pulverize obtaining average particulate diameter then is the graphite granule of 20 μ m.According to the scanning electron microscopy picture (SEM image) of the graphite granule that is obtained, the structure of said graphite granule makes its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually for a plurality of tabular particles wherein combine.From the graphite granule that is obtained, select 100 particles at random, measure the mean value of its aspect ratio.The said mean value of result is 1.8.In the wide angle of the X ray diffraction of the graphite granule of gained, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.360 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 1,000 dust or bigger.The specific surface area of measuring with the BET method is 3.5m 2/ g.
(2) preparation of lithium secondary battery
Prepare lithium secondary battery with shape shown in Figure 2 with following method.Use the LiCoO of 88wt% 2As positive electrode active materials.Using average particulate diameter is that the sheet natural graphite of 1 μ m is as electro-conductive material.The poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that uses 5wt% is as tackiness agent.In these materials, add N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-(its amount is that benchmark is 50wt% with said thickener, down together), said mixture homogenization is obtained a kind of as the thickener that forms the anodal mixture.With method same as described above, prepare a kind of negative active core-shell material as tackiness agent by in the powdered graphite that in (1), obtains of 90 parts of weight, adding 10% PVDF.To wherein adding N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-(its amount is that benchmark is 50wt% with said thickener, down together),, obtain a kind of thickener that is used to form the mixture of negative pole said mixture homogenization.
Subsequently, the both sides of the above-mentioned thickener that is used to form the anodal mixture aluminium foil that to be coated in a thickness be 25 μ m and in a vacuum 120 ℃ of dryings 1 hour.After drying, making its thickness by roll compaction is that 190 μ m come electrode of moulding, and the amount of the coating that is used to form the anodal mixture on the unit surface is 49mg/cm 2The size that it is cut into wide 40mm, long 285mm prepares positive pole 1, supposes that two end sections (length is every end 10mm) of anodal 1 are not used in the coating that forms the anodal mixture, thereby the aluminium foil in these parts is come out.Aluminium foil end partly to being exposed contacts in conjunction with positive terminal 4 by the ultrasonic wave combined techniques.
On the other hand, on the thickener of the mixture that the is used to form negative pole Copper Foil that to be coated in a thickness be 10 μ m and 120 ℃ of vacuum-dryings 1 hour.After the drying,, and its thickness adjusted to 175 μ m by electrode of roll compaction moulding.The amount of the coating of the mixture that is used to form negative pole on the per unit area is 20mg/cm 2, the size that it is cut into wide 40mm, long 290mm prepares negative pole 2.Identical with anodal 1, two end sections of negative pole 2, each end sections length is 10mm, is not used in the coating of the mixture of negative pole, thereby exposes said Copper Foil.To of the Copper Foil that exposed part, by the ultrasonic wave contact in conjunction with an anode connector 5.
As dividing plate 3, used thickness is that 25 μ m, width are the microporous membrane that the polyethylene of 44mm is made.Then, as shown in Figure 2, pile positive pole 1, dividing plate 3, negative pole 2 and dividing plate 3 successively, the lamination that roll-in obtains like this prepares a kind of electrode group.Said electrode group is inserted in the cell sealing shell 7 that is of a size of the Single-3 size, and anode connector 5 is by the bottom of solder bond at said sealed enclosure, and a part that is used for the extruding of caulked positive cover 6 is provided.Then, in said cell sealing shell 7, pour the electrolyte solution for preparing by the lithium hexafluoro phosphate that dissolves 1 mol in 1: 1 the mixture of ethylene carbonate and methylcarbonate (not shown) into.By welding a positive terminal 4 is combined on the positive cover 6, then, caulked positive cover 6 obtains a kind of lithium secondary battery.
On the lithium secondary battery that obtains like this, repeat to discharge and recharge with the charging and discharging currents of 300mA, last charging voltage is 4.15V, last sparking voltage is 2.8V.In addition, when charging and discharging currents is in 300mA～900mA scope, carry out fast charging and discharging.The result is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
Embodiment 2
Is the average particulate diameter of 70 parts of weight that the ferric oxide of the tar-bitumen of the coke powder of 10 μ m, 10 parts of weight, 2 parts of weight and the coal tar of 20 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 100 ℃.Subsequently, said mixture under nitrogen atmosphere 2,800 ℃ of calcinings, pulverize obtaining average particulate diameter then is the graphite granule of 20 μ m.Under electron microscope, carry out the combination of a plurality of tabular particles of studies show that of the graphite granule that obtains or combine making its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually to have formed a kind of graphite granule.Select 100 particles from the graphite granule that is obtained at random, the mean value of measuring its aspect ratio has obtained 4.8 result.The wide angle of the X ray of the graphite granule of gained diffraction shows that said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.363 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 1,000 dust or bigger.The specific surface area of measuring with the BET method is 4.3m 2/ g.
With with embodiment 1 in identical process, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery from the graphite granule of such acquisition, and use the method identical to study its battery performance with embodiment 1.The result is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
Embodiment 3
Be average particulate diameter that to obtain average particulate diameters 2,800 ℃ of calcinings under nitrogen atmosphere be the graphite granule of 20 μ m for the coke powder of 20 μ m.The graphite granule of Huo Deing constitutes a kind of flake graphite like this, and its average aspect ratio is 6, specific surface area is 11m 2Interlamellar spacing d in/g, the crystal (002) is 3.365 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 800 dusts.
By with embodiment 1 in identical process, the flake graphite that obtains is like this prepared a kind of lithium secondary battery, and uses the method identical to study its battery performance with embodiment 1.The result is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
The lithium secondary battery that obtains in embodiments of the invention 1,2 and 3 is comparing aspect the absorption of lithium and the release each other.The result is as described below.Fig. 3 be illustrated in lithium secondary battery repeat to discharge and recharge the loading capacity in the test and the figure of the relation between the charge and discharge cycles number of times.In Fig. 3, curve 9 is illustrated in the loading capacity of the lithium secondary battery that is obtained among the embodiment 1; The loading capacity of the lithium secondary battery that is obtained among the curve 10 expression embodiment 2; Curve 11 is illustrated in the loading capacity of the lithium secondary battery that is obtained among the embodiment 3.
In Fig. 3, it is 750mAh that the lithium secondary battery that is obtained in embodiment 1 shows high discharge capacity, is benchmark with the peak capacity, and the capacity changing down of the loading capacity in 500 circulations is 8%.It is 720mAh that the lithium secondary battery that is obtained in embodiment 2 shows high discharge capacity, is benchmark with the peak capacity, and the capacity changing down of the loading capacity in 500 circulations is 12%.It is 650mAh that the lithium secondary battery that is obtained in embodiment 3 shows high discharge capacity, is benchmark with the peak capacity, and the capacity changing down of the loading capacity in 500 circulations is 31%.
Fig. 4 is illustrated in charging and discharging currents in the fast charging and discharging test and the relation between the loading capacity.Curve 12 is illustrated in the loading capacity of the lithium secondary battery that is obtained among the embodiment 1; Curve 13 is illustrated in the loading capacity of the lithium secondary battery that is obtained among the embodiment 2; Curve 14 is illustrated in the loading capacity of the lithium secondary battery that is obtained among the embodiment 3.Under the charging and discharging currents of 900mA, the lithium secondary battery that is obtained in embodiment 1 shows the loading capacity of 630mAh, and the lithium secondary battery that is obtained in embodiment 2 shows the loading capacity of 520mAh.On the other hand, the lithium secondary battery that is obtained in embodiment 3 shows the loading capacity of 350mAh.Under the charging and discharging currents of 300mAh, be to be 16% in the lithium secondary battery that in embodiment 1, obtained of the capacity changing down of benchmark with the loading capacity, being 28% in the lithium secondary battery that is obtained in embodiment 2, is 46% in the lithium secondary battery that is obtained in embodiment 3.
Based on the test-results of embodiment 1,2 and 3, verified, use the capacitance of lithium secondary battery height of first kind of the present invention, second kind and the third graphite granule, the charge-discharge performance excellence, and have good fast charging and discharging performance.
Embodiment 4
Is the average particulate diameter of 50 parts of weight that the silicon carbide of the tar-bitumen of the coke powder of 10 μ m, 20 parts of weight, 10 parts of weight and the coal tar of 20 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 100 ℃.Said mixture under nitrogen atmosphere 2,800 ℃ of calcinings, pulverize obtaining average particulate diameter then is the graphite granule of 20 μ m.Therefrom select 100 particles at random, measuring its average aspect ratio is 1.5.Measure with the BET method, the specific surface area of the graphite granule of Huo Deing is 2.9m like this 2/ g.Measure with the wide angle of X ray diffraction, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.360 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 1,000 dust or bigger.According to the scanning electron microscopy picture (SEM image) of the graphite granule that is obtained, the structure of the graphite granule that is obtained is for a plurality of tabular particles combination wherein or combine and make its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually.
Subsequently, the poly(vinylidene fluoride) that is dissolved in the N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-of the graphite granule of such acquisition of 90wt% and 10wt% (weight of solid ingredient) is mixed, obtain a kind of graphite thickener.Said graphite thickener is coated on the rolled copper foil that thickness is 10 μ m, dry and (0.5 ton/cm of 490MPa 2) the moulding of surface pressure dip mold, obtain a kind of specimen electrode.Adjust the thickness of its bed of graphite particles and its density respectively to 75 μ m and 1.5g/cm 3The specimen electrode that makes such preparation is estimated its performance as the negative pole of lithium secondary battery through the constant current charge-discharge test with 3 scott connections.Fig. 5 is the skeleton diagram of said lithium secondary battery.Estimate said specimen electrode by preparing a kind of electrolyte solution, said electrolyte solution 16 is by the LiPF in the mixture of 1: 1 (volume) being dissolved in ethylene carbonate (EC) and methylcarbonate (DMC) 4Form the LiPF in said solution 4Concentration be 1 mol, as shown in Figure 5, in a glass battery 15, introduce the solution of gained, laminated specimen electrode (negative pole) 17, dividing plate 18 and a counter electrode (positive pole) 19, and hang a reference electrode 20 from top to bottom, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery.With metallic lithium as counter electrode 19 and reference electrode 20; With microporous polyethylene film as dividing plate 18.Use the lithium secondary battery that obtains like this, at 0.3mA/cm 2(unit surface specimen electrode) charges and reaches 5mV (V is to Li/Li+) until the voltage between specimen electrode 17 and counter electrode 19, and discharging then reaches 1V (V is to Li/Li+) until said voltage, repeats this circulation and forms a test.Table 1 is illustrated in the circulation for the first time, the loading capacity and the irreversible capacity of the charging capacity of the graphite granule of per unit weight, the graphite granule of per unit weight, and the loading capacity of the graphite granule of the per unit weight in the 50th circulation.In addition, as the evaluation of fast charging and discharging performance, table 2 is illustrated in a kind of with 0.3mA/cm 2Constant current charge, then with 0.3,2.0,4.0 and 6.0mA/cm 2The experiment of discharging current discharge of variation in the variation of loading capacity.
Embodiment 5
Is the average particulate diameter of 50 parts of weight that the silicon carbide of the tar-bitumen of the coke powder of 10 μ m, 10 parts of weight, 5 parts of weight and the coal tar of 10 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 100 ℃.Said mixture under nitrogen atmosphere 2,800 ℃ of calcinings, pulverize obtaining average particulate diameter then is the graphite granule of 20 μ m.Therefrom select 100 particles at random, calculating its average aspect ratio is 4.5.Measure with the BET method, the specific surface area of the graphite granule of Huo Deing is 4.9m like this 2/ g.Measure with the wide angle of X ray diffraction, the interlamellar spacing d of said graphite crystal (002) is 3.362 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 1,000 dust or bigger.Here the structure of the graphite granule that is obtained is for a plurality of tabular particles combination wherein or combine and make its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually.
Subsequently, the process that repeats embodiment 4 obtains a kind of lithium secondary battery, use then with embodiment 4 in identical method test.Table 1 is illustrated in the circulation for the first time, the loading capacity and the irreversible capacity of the charging capacity of the graphite granule of per unit weight, the graphite granule of per unit weight, and the loading capacity of the graphite granule of the per unit weight in the 50th circulation.In addition, as the evaluation of fast charging and discharging performance, table 2 is illustrated in a kind of with 0.3mA/cm 2Constant current charge, then with 0.3,2.0,4.0 and 6.0mA/cm 2The experiment of discharging current discharge of variation in the variation of loading capacity.
Embodiment 6
Is the average particulate diameter of 50 parts of weight that the tar-bitumen of the coke powder of 10 μ m, 5 parts of weight, the coal tar of 5 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 100 ℃.Said mixture under nitrogen atmosphere 2,800 ℃ of calcinings, pulverize obtaining average particulate diameter then is the graphite granule of 20 μ m.Therefrom select 100 particles at random, measuring its average aspect ratio is 5.Measure with the BET method, the specific surface area of the graphite granule of Huo Deing is 6.3m like this 2/ g.Measure with the wide angle of X ray diffraction, the interlamellar spacing d of said graphite crystal (002) is 3.368 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 700 dusts.The structure of the graphite granule of Huo Deing is for a plurality of tabular particles combination wherein or combine and make its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually like this.
Subsequently, the process that repeats embodiment 4 prepares a kind of lithium secondary battery, use then with embodiment 4 in identical method test.Table 1 is illustrated in the circulation for the first time, the loading capacity and the irreversible capacity of the charging capacity of the graphite granule of per unit weight, the graphite granule of per unit weight, and the loading capacity of the graphite granule of the per unit weight in the 50th circulation.In addition, as the evaluation of fast charging and discharging performance, table 2 is illustrated in a kind of with 0.3mA/cm 2Constant current charge, then with 0.3,2.0,4.0 and 6.0mA/cm 2The experiment of discharging current discharge of variation in the variation of loading capacity.
Embodiment 7
Be average particulate diameter the coke powder of 20 μ m under nitrogen atmosphere 2,800 ℃ of calcinings, obtaining average particulate diameter is the graphite granule of 20 μ m.The graphite granule of Huo Deing constitutes a kind of platy shaped particle like this, and its average aspect ratio is 7, and the specific surface area of measuring with the BET method is 8.5m 2/ g.Measure with the wide angle of X ray diffraction, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.368 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 800 dusts.
The process that repeats embodiment 4 obtains a kind of lithium secondary battery, use then with embodiment 4 in identical method test battery performance.Table 1 is illustrated in the circulation for the first time, the loading capacity and the irreversible capacity of the charging capacity of the graphite granule of per unit weight, the graphite granule of per unit weight, and the loading capacity of the graphite granule of the per unit weight in the 50th circulation.In addition, as the evaluation of fast charging and discharging performance, table 2 is illustrated in a kind of with 0.3mA/cm 2Constant current charge, then with 0.3,2.0,4.0 and 6.0mA/cm 2The experiment of discharging current discharge of variation in the variation of loading capacity.
Table 1
Embodiment 4 Embodiment 5 Embodiment 6 Embodiment 7
Circulation for the first time Charging capacity (mAh/g) ???370 ????375 ????363 ????366
Loading capacity (mAh/g) ???335 ????325 ????302 ????294
Irreversible capacity (%) ???9.5 ????13.3 ????16.8 ????19.7
The 50th round-robin loading capacity ???320 ????300 ????265 ????220
Table 2
Embodiment 4 Embodiment 5 Embodiment 6 Embodiment 7
Charging capacity (mAh/g) Discharging current is 0.3mA/cm 2 ??335 ??325 ??302 ??294
2.0mA/cm 2 ??330 ??319 ??288 ??280
4.0mA/cm 2 ??312 ??292 ??245 ??219
6.0mA/cm 2 ??280 ??220 ??180 ??105
Find out obviously that from table 1 and 2 use first kind of the present invention, second kind to compare with embodiment 7 with the lithium secondary battery of the third graphite granule, loading capacity is higher, the round-robin irreversible capacity is littler for the first time, and cycle performance and fast charging and discharging performance are more excellent.
Among the embodiment 8～11 given below, studied and used the 4th kind of graphite granule of the present invention as graphite granule, with first kind of the present invention negative material that is used for the negative material of lithium secondary battery as lithium secondary battery.
Embodiment 8
(1) preparation of graphite granule
Is the average particulate diameter of 50 parts of weight that the average particulate diameter of the tar-bitumen of the coke powder of 10 μ m, 20 parts of weight, 12 parts of weight is that the ferric oxide of 65 μ m and the coal tar of 18 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 200 ℃.Said mixture earlier 800 ℃ of calcinings, then under nitrogen atmosphere 2,800 ℃ of calcinings, pulverizing then and obtaining average particulate diameter is the graphite granule of 20 μ m.According to the scanning electron microscopy picture (SEM image) of the graphite granule that is obtained, the structure of said graphite granule is for a plurality of tabular particles combination wherein or combine and make its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually.Selecting at random on 100 particles, the mean value that calculates its aspect ratio is that 1.7. is in the diffraction of the wide angle of the X ray of the graphite granule of gained, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.360 dusts, crystalline size La (110) in crystal plane direction is 720 dusts, crystalline size Lc (002) on the c direction of principal axis is 1,800 dust.
(2) preparation of lithium secondary battery
Prepare lithium secondary battery shown in Figure 2 with following method.Use the LiCoO of 88wt% 2As positive electrode active materials, the average particulate diameter of 7wt% is that the sheet natural graphite of 1 μ m is as electro-conductive material, the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that uses 5wt% is as tackiness agent, prepare a kind of thickener that is used to form the anodal mixture to wherein adding N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-(its amount is that benchmark is 50wt% with said thickener, down together) and the said mixture of homogenizing.Similarly, the powdered graphite that obtains in (1) by using 90 parts of weight is as negative active core-shell material, 10% PVDF is as tackiness agent, (its amount is that benchmark is 50wt% with said thickener to add the N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-, together following) and the said mixture of homogenizing, prepare a kind of thickener that is used to form the mixture of negative pole.
Subsequently, the both sides of the thickener that is used to form the anodal mixture that obtains the above aluminium foil that to be coated in a thickness be 25 μ m and in a vacuum 120 ℃ of dryings 1 hour.After drying, make its thickness be adjusted into 190 μ m by roll compaction.The amount of the coating that is used to form the anodal mixture on the unit surface is 49mg/cm 2The size that is cut into 40mm (wide) * 285mm (length) obtains positive pole 1, but two end sections of anodal 1, and length is every end 10mm, is not used in the coating that forms the anodal mixture, thereby the aluminium foil in these parts is come out.Aluminium foil end partly to being exposed contacts in conjunction with positive terminal 4 by the ultrasonic wave combined techniques.
On the other hand, the both sides of the thickener of the mixture that is used to form negative pole that obtains the above Copper Foil that to be coated in a thickness be 10 μ m and 120 ℃ of vacuum-dryings 1 hour.After the drying,, and its thickness adjusted to 175 μ m by electrode of roll compaction moulding.The amount of the coating of the mixture that is used to form negative pole on the per unit area is 20mg/cm 2, be cut into the size of 40mm (wide) * 290mm (length), obtain negative pole 2.Identical with anodal 1, two end sections of negative pole 2, each end sections length is 10mm, is not used in the coating of the mixture of negative pole, thereby exposes said Copper Foil.To of the Copper Foil that exposed part, by the supersonic method contact in conjunction with an anode connector 5.
As dividing plate 3, used thickness is that 25 μ m, width are the microporous membrane that the polyethylene of 44mm is made.Then, as shown in Figure 2, pile positive pole 1, dividing plate 3, negative pole 2 and dividing plate 3 successively, and roll-in forms a kind of electrode group.Said electrode group is inserted in the cell sealing shell 7 of a Single-3 specification, anode connector 5 is by the bottom of solder bond at said sealed enclosure, and a part that is used for the extruding of caulked positive cover 6 is provided.Then, in said cell sealing shell 7, pour the electrolyte solution for preparing by the lithium hexafluoro phosphate that in 1: 1 mixture of ethylene carbonate and methylcarbonate (not shown), dissolves 1 mol into.A positive terminal 4 is combined on the positive cover 6, and then, caulked positive cover 6 obtains a kind of lithium secondary battery.
With the lithium secondary battery that obtains above, repeat to discharge and recharge test with the charging and discharging currents of 300mA, last charging voltage is 4.15V, last sparking voltage is 2.8V.In addition, when in 300mA～600mA scope, changing charging and discharging currents, carry out the fast charging and discharging test.Measured the discharge capacitance of the graphite granule of the loading capacity of graphite granule of the per unit weight in circulation for the first time and the per unit weight in the 100th circulation.The result is shown in table 3.
Embodiment 9
Is the average particulate diameter of 55 parts of weight that the average particulate diameter of the tar-bitumen of the coke powder of 10 μ m, 22 parts of weight, 8 parts of weight is that the boron nitride of 25 μ m and the coal tar of 15 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 200 ℃.Said mixture earlier 800 ℃ of calcinings, then under nitrogen atmosphere 2,800 ℃ of calcinings, pulverizing then and obtaining average particulate diameter is the graphite granule of 20 μ m.According to the scanning electron microscopy picture (SEM image) of the graphite granule that is obtained, the structure of said graphite granule is for a plurality of tabular particles combination wherein or combine and make its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually.Selecting at random on 100 particles, the mean value that calculates its aspect ratio is 1.5.In the wide angle of the X ray diffraction according to the graphite granule of gained, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.363 dusts, is 560 dusts at the crystalline size La (110) of crystal plane direction, and the crystalline size Lc (002) on the c direction of principal axis is 1,760 dust.
By the process identical, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery with the graphite granule that obtains like this, and use the method identical to study its battery performance with embodiment 8 with embodiment 8.The result is shown in table 3.
Embodiment 10
Is the average particulate diameter of 57 parts of weight that the tar-bitumen of the coke powder of 15 μ m, 23 parts of weight, the coal tar of 20 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 200 ℃.Said mixture is calcined in nitrogen atmosphere at 800 ℃ earlier, then under nitrogen atmosphere 2,600 ℃ of calcinings, pulverizing then and obtaining average particulate diameter is the graphite granule of 20 μ m.According to scanning electron microscopy picture (SEM image), the structure of said graphite granule is for a plurality of tabular particles combination wherein or combine and make its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually.Selecting at random on 100 particles, the mean value of measuring its aspect ratio is 2.0.In the wide angle of the X ray diffraction according to the graphite granule of gained, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.390 dusts, is 460 dusts at the crystalline size La (110) of crystal plane direction, and the crystalline size Lc (002) on the c direction of principal axis is 300 dusts.
By the process identical, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery with the graphite granule that obtains like this, and use the method identical to study its battery performance with embodiment 8 with embodiment 8.The result is shown in table 3.
Embodiment 11
The process that repeats embodiment 10 prepares the graphite granule that average particulate diameter is 20 μ m, but said calcining is carried out at 3,000 ℃.According to scanning electron microscopy picture (SEM image), the structure of graphite granule for a plurality of tabular particles combination wherein or combine and make its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually.Selecting at random on 100 particles, the mean value of measuring its aspect ratio is 2.2.In the wide angle of the X ray diffraction according to the graphite granule of gained, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.357 dusts, is 1,730 dust at the crystalline size La (110) of crystal plane direction, and the crystalline size Lc (002) on the c direction of principal axis is 2,050 dusts.
By the process identical, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery with the graphite granule that obtains like this, and use the method identical to study its battery performance with embodiment 1 with embodiment 8.The result is shown in table 3.
Table 3
Embodiment 8 Embodiment 9 Embodiment 10 Embodiment 11
Charging and discharging currents 300 (mA) Loading capacity (mAh) ??722 ??688 ??467 ???730
The conservation rate (%) of loading capacity in the 100th circulation ??81 ??80 ??70 ???78
Charging and discharging currents 600 (mA) Loading capacity (mAh) ??688 ??669 ??359 ???380
The conservation rate of loading capacity in the 100th circulation ??79 ??78 ??64 ???66
From table 3, can obviously find out, even use the 4th kind of graphite granule of the present invention to show under high discharge capacity under the charging and discharging currents of 300mA and strong charging and discharging currents, to keep at 600mA high discharge capacity 70% or more, show excellent fast charging and discharging performance.
In embodiment 12～15, studied and used the 5th kind and the 6th kind of graphite granule of the present invention as graphite granule, with first kind of the present invention negative material that is used for the negative material of lithium secondary battery as lithium secondary battery.
Embodiment 12
Is the average particulate diameter of 40 parts of weight that the average particulate diameter of the tar-bitumen of the coke powder of 5 μ m, 25 parts of weight, 5 parts of weight is that the silicon carbide of 48 μ m and the coal tar of 20 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 200 ℃.Said mixture under nitrogen atmosphere 2,800 ℃ of calcinings, pulverize obtaining average particulate diameter then is the graphite granule of 30 μ m.Use Shimadzu Poresizer 9320, the pore size of measuring the graphite granule that is obtained by mercury apertometer method distributes, and finds that pore size is 10 2～10 6In the dust scope, total pore volume of the graphite granule of unit weight is 0.6cc/g.In addition, pore size is 1 * 10 2～2 * 10 4The volume of the pore of dust is the graphite granule 0.20cc/g of unit weight.Select 100 particles at random, the mean value that records its aspect ratio is 1.5.Measure with the BET method, the specific surface area of graphite granule is 1.5m 2/ g.In the diffraction of the wide angle of the X ray of said graphite granule, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.362 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 1,000 dust or bigger.In addition, according to scanning electron microscopy picture (SEM image), the structure of said graphite granule is for a plurality of tabular particles combination wherein or combine and make its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually.
Subsequently, the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that be dissolved in N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-of the graphite granule of such acquisition of 90wt% with 10wt% (weight with solid ingredient is represented) mixed, prepare a kind of graphite thickener.Said graphite thickener is coated on the rolled copper foil that thickness is 10 μ m, dry and (0.5 ton/cm of 490MPa 2) the moulding of surface pressure dip mold, obtain a kind of specimen electrode.Adjust the thickness of its bed of graphite particles and its density respectively to 90 μ m and 1.6g/cm 3
The specimen electrode that makes such preparation is estimated its performance as the negative pole of lithium secondary battery through the constant current charge-discharge test with 3 scott connections.Fig. 5 is the skeleton diagram of said lithium secondary battery.As shown in Figure 5, the LiPF in the mixture of 1: 1 (volume) being dissolved in ethylene carbonate (EC) and methylcarbonate (DMC) by in aquarium 1, introducing 1 mol 4As electrolyte solution 2, the lamination of specimen electrode 3, dividing plate 4 and counter electrode 5 is installed, and is hung a reference electrode 6 from top to bottom, form a lithium secondary battery and carry out the evaluation of said specimen electrode.With metallic lithium as counter electrode 5 and reference electrode 6; With microporous polyethylene film as dividing plate 4.Use the lithium secondary battery that obtains like this, at 0.5mA/cm 2(unit surface specimen electrode) charges and reaches 5mV (V is to Li/Li+) until the voltage between specimen electrode 3 and counter electrode 5, and discharging then reaches 1V (V is to Li/Li+) until said voltage, repeats this circulation and forms a test.Table 4 is illustrated in the circulation for the first time, the charging capacity of the graphite granule of per unit weight, and the loading capacity of the graphite granule of the per unit weight in the 30th circulation.
Embodiment 13
Is the average particulate diameter of 50 parts of weight that the average particulate diameter of the pitch of the coke powder of 20 μ m, 20 parts of weight, 7 parts of weight is that the silicon carbide of 48 μ m and the coal tar of 10 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 200 ℃.Said mixture under nitrogen atmosphere 2,800 ℃ of calcinings, pulverize obtaining average particulate diameter then is the graphite granule of 30 μ m.The pore size distribution measuring that is undertaken by the mercury apertometer method of using Shimadzu Poresizer 9320 shows that the pore of the graphite granule that is obtained is 10 2～10 6In the dust scope, total pore volume of unit weight graphite granule is 1.5cc/g.Size is 1 * 10 2～2 * 10 4The volume of the pore in the dust scope is 0.13cc/g for the unit weight graphite granule.Select 100 particles at random, the mean value of measuring its aspect ratio is 2.3.Measure with the BET method, the specific surface area of said graphite granule is 3.6m 2/ g.By the wide angle of the x ray diffraction of said graphite granule, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.361 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 1,000 dust or bigger.The structure of the graphite granule that is obtained is for a plurality of tabular particles combination wherein or combine and make its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually.
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 12 by the process identical with embodiment 12.Table 4 is illustrated in the charging capacity and the loading capacity of the graphite granule of the per unit weight in the circulation for the first time, and the loading capacity of the graphite granule of the per unit weight in the 30th circulation.
Embodiment 14
Obtaining average particulate diameter at 2,800 ℃ of calcining Meso Carbon Microbeads (made by Kawasaki Steel Corporation, commodity are called KMFC) under nitrogen atmosphere is the graphite granule of 25 μ m.Use Shimadzu Poresizer 9320, the pore size of measuring the graphite granule that is obtained by mercury apertometer method distributes.As a result, the pore of said graphite is 10 2～10 6In the dust scope, total pore volume of the graphite granule of unit weight is 0.35cc/g.Size is 1 * 10 2～2 * 10 4The volume of the pore in the dust scope is the 0.06cc/g of unit weight graphite granule.Therefrom select 100 particles at random, the mean value of measuring its aspect ratio is 1.Measure with the BET method, the specific surface area of said graphite granule is 1.4m 2/ g.With the wide angle of the X ray of said graphite granule diffractometry, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.378 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 500 dusts.
Prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery by repeating embodiment 12 identical processes, and use the method test identical with embodiment 12.Table 4 is illustrated in the charging capacity and the loading capacity of the graphite granule of the per unit weight in the circulation for the first time, and the loading capacity of the graphite granule of the per unit weight in the 30th circulation.
Embodiment 15
Is the average particulate diameter of 50 parts of weight that the average particulate diameter of the pitch of the coke powder of 5 μ m, 10 parts of weight, 30 parts of weight is that the ferric oxide of 65 μ m and the coal tar of 20 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 200 ℃.Said mixture under nitrogen atmosphere 2,800 ℃ of calcinings, pulverize obtaining average particulate diameter then is the graphite granule of 15 μ m.Use Shimadzu Poresizer 9320, the pore size of measuring the graphite granule that is obtained by mercury apertometer method shows that the pore of said graphite granule is 10 2～10 6In the dust scope, total pore volume of unit weight graphite granule is 2.1cc/g.Size is 1 * 10 2～2 * 10 4The volume of the pore in the dust scope is unit weight graphite granule 0.42cc/g.Select 100 particles at random, the mean value of measuring its aspect ratio is 2.8.Measure with the BET method, the specific surface area of said graphite granule is 8.3m 2/ g.By the wide angle of the X ray of said graphite granule diffractometry, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.365 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 1,000 dust or bigger.
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 12 by the process identical with embodiment 12.Table 4 is illustrated in the charging capacity and the loading capacity of the graphite granule of the per unit weight in the circulation for the first time, and the loading capacity of the graphite granule of the per unit weight in the 30th circulation.
Table 4
Embodiment 12 Embodiment 13 Embodiment 14 Embodiment 15
Round-robin charging capacity (mAh/g) for the first time ???392 ???380 ???321 ???384
Round-robin loading capacity (mAh/g) for the first time ???353 ???345 ???288 ???338
The 30th round-robin loading capacity (mAh/g) ???346 ???338 ???159 ???286
From table 4, can obviously find out, use the lithium secondary battery of the 5th kind and the 6th kind graphite granule of the present invention to have high capacity and cycle performance excellence.
In embodiment 16～21, studied and used second kind of negative material that is used for the negative material of lithium secondary battery as lithium secondary battery of the present invention.
Embodiment 16
Is the average particulate diameter of 50 parts of weight that the silicon carbide of the tar-bitumen of the coke powder of 8 μ m, 20 parts of weight, 5 parts of weight and the coal tar of 15 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 100 ℃.Said mixture under nitrogen atmosphere 2,800 ℃ of calcinings, pulverize obtaining average particulate diameter then is the graphite granule of 25 μ m.Select 100 particles at random, the mean value that records its aspect ratio is 1.5.Measure with the BET method, the specific surface area of said graphite granule is 2.1m 2/ g.By the wide angle of the X ray of said graphite granule diffractometry, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.365 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 1,000 dust or bigger.The structure of the graphite granule that is obtained is for a plurality of tabular particles combination wherein or combine and make its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually.
Subsequently, the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that be dissolved in N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-of the graphite granule that obtains above of 90wt% with 10wt% (weight with solid ingredient is represented) mixed, prepare a kind of graphite thickener.Said graphite thickener is coated on the rolled copper foil that thickness is 10 μ m, and drying is suppressed under the pressure of 30MPa to remove said N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-, obtains a kind of specimen electrode.Adjust the thickness of its graphite granule-PVDF layer and density respectively to 80 μ m and 1.55g/cm 3Make the constant current charge-discharge test of specimen electrode through carrying out of such preparation, estimate its performance as the negative pole of lithium secondary battery with 3 scott connections.Fig. 5 is the skeleton diagram of said lithium secondary battery.As shown in Figure 5, the LiPF in the mixture of 1: 1 (volume) being dissolved in ethylene carbonate (EC) and methylcarbonate (DMC) by in aquarium 1, introducing 1 mol 4As electrolyte solution 2, the lamination of specimen electrode 3, dividing plate 4 and counter electrode 5 is installed, and is hung a reference electrode 6 from top to bottom, form a lithium secondary battery and carry out the evaluation of said specimen electrode.With metallic lithium as counter electrode 5 and reference electrode 6; With microporous polyethylene film as dividing plate 4.Use the lithium secondary battery that obtains like this, at 0.2mA/cm 2(graphite granule of the unit surface in the specimen electrode-PVDF mixture) charges and reaches 5mV (V is to Li/Li+) until the voltage between specimen electrode 3 and counter electrode 5, discharge then and reach 1V (V is to Li/Li+) until said voltage, form a test 50 times though repeat this circulation, do not find the reduction of loading capacity.In addition, as the evaluation of fast charging and discharging performance, at 0.3mA/cm 2Constant current under charge, then 0.5,2.0,4.0 and 6.0mA/cm 2The discharging current of variation under discharge.Relation table between loading capacity and graphite granule-PVDF mixture is shown in table 5.
Embodiment 17
Prepare a kind of specimen electrode by the process that repeats embodiment 16, the pressure change during still compacting is 40MPa.Obtaining in the specimen electrode like this, the thickness of said graphite granule-PVDF mixture is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.63g/cm 3
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method identical to test with embodiment 16 by repeating the process identical with embodiment 16.As a result, do not find the reduction of loading capacity.In addition, as the evaluation of fast charging and discharging performance, at 0.3mA/cm 2Constant current under charge, then 0.5,2.0,4.0 and 6.0mA/cm 2The discharging current of variation under discharge.Said loading capacity is shown in table 5.
Embodiment 18
Prepare a kind of specimen electrode by the process identical, but the pressure change during compacting is 80MPa with embodiment 16.Obtaining in the specimen electrode like this, the thickness of the mixture of said graphite granule and PVDF is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.75g/cm 3
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 16 by the process identical with embodiment 16.As a result, do not find the reduction of loading capacity.For estimating fast charging and discharging performance, at 0.3mA/cm 2Constant current under charge, then 0.5,2.0,4.0 and 6.0mA/cm 2The discharging current of variation under discharge.Said loading capacity is shown in table 5.
Embodiment 19
Prepare a kind of specimen electrode by the process that repeats embodiment 16, the pressure change during still compacting is 100MPa.Obtaining in the specimen electrode like this, the thickness of the mixture of said graphite granule and PVDF is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.85g/cm 3
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 16 by the process identical with embodiment 16.As a result, do not find the reduction of loading capacity.For estimating fast charging and discharging performance, at 0.3mA/cm 2Constant current under charge, then 0.5,2.0,4.0 and 6.0mA/cm 2The discharging current of variation under discharge.Said loading capacity is shown in table 5.
Embodiment 20
Prepare a kind of specimen electrode by the process with embodiment 16, the pressure change during still compacting is 20MPa.Obtaining in the specimen electrode like this, the thickness of the mixture of said graphite granule and PVDF is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.45g/cm 3
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 16 by the process identical with embodiment 16.As a result, do not find the reduction of loading capacity.For estimating fast charging and discharging performance, at 0.3mA/cm 2Constant current under charge, then 0.5,2.0,4.0 and 6.0mA/cm 2The discharging current of variation under discharge.Said loading capacity is shown in table 5.
Embodiment 21
Prepare a kind of specimen electrode by the process with embodiment 16, the pressure change during still compacting is 140MPa.Obtaining in the specimen electrode like this, the thickness of the mixture of said graphite granule and PVDF is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.93g/cm 3
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 16 by the process identical with embodiment 16.As a result, observe the reduction of 15.7% loading capacity.For estimating fast charging and discharging performance, at 0.3mA/cm 2Constant current under charge, then 0.5,2.0,4.0 and 6.0mA/cm 2The discharging current of variation under discharge.Said loading capacity is shown in Fig. 5.
Table 5
Embodiment 16 Embodiment 17 Embodiment 18 Embodiment 19 Embodiment 20 Embodiment 21
Density (the g/cm of graphite granule/organic binder bond mixture 3) ???1.55 ???1.63 ???1.75 ???1.85 ???1.45 ???1.93
Loading capacity (mAh/cm 2) Discharging current is 0.5mA/cm 2 ???542 ???562 ???570 ???587 ???509 ???527
2.0mA/cm 2 ???524 ???546 ???553 ???566 ???493 ???481
4.0mA/cm 2 ???500 ???522 ???528 ???512 ???473 ???416
6.0mA/cm 2 ???468 ???484 ???478 ???470 ???442 ???360
As shown in table 5, can obviously find out, use the loading capacity height of the lithium secondary battery of second kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery of the present invention, the fast charging and discharging performance excellence.
In embodiment 22～29, studied and used of the present invention the third to be used for the negative material of the negative pole of lithium secondary battery as lithium secondary battery.
Embodiment 22
Is the average particulate diameter of 50 parts of weight that the silicon carbide of the tar-bitumen of the coke powder of 10 μ m, 20 parts of weight, 5 parts of weight and the coal tar of 15 parts of weight mix, and stirs 1 hour at 100 ℃.Said mixture under nitrogen atmosphere 3,000 ℃ of calcinings, pulverize obtaining average particulate diameter then is the graphite granule of 25 μ m.Select 100 particles at random, the mean value that records its aspect ratio is 1.3.Measure with the BET method, the specific surface area of said graphite granule is 1.9m 2/ g.By the wide angle of the X ray of said graphite granule diffractometry, said crystalline interlamellar spacing d (002) is 3.36 dusts, and crystalline size Lc (002) is 1,000 dust or bigger.In addition, according to the scanning electron microscopy picture (SEM image) of the graphite granule of such acquisition, the structure of said graphite granule is for a plurality of tabular particles combinations wherein or combine and make its crystal face that aligns be not parallel to each other mutually.
Subsequently, the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that be dissolved in N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-of the graphite granule of such acquisition of 89wt% with 11wt% (weight with solid ingredient is represented) mixed, obtain a kind of graphite thickener.Said graphite thickener is coated on the rolled copper foil that thickness is 10 μ m, and drying obtains a kind of specimen electrode with roll compaction, and wherein, the thickness of graphite granule-PVDF layer is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.5g/cm 3
Make the constant current charge-discharge test of specimen electrode through carrying out of such preparation, estimate its performance as the negative pole of lithium secondary battery with 3 scott connections.Fig. 5 is the skeleton diagram of said lithium secondary battery.As shown in Figure 5, a kind of by preparing by the LiPF in the mixture of 1: 1 (volume) being dissolved in ethylene carbonate (EC) and methylcarbonate (DMC) 4The electrolyte solution of forming 2, make that the concentration of said solution is 1 mol, in an aquarium 1, introduce the solution of gained, as shown in Figure 5, the lamination of laminated specimen electrode 3, dividing plate 4 and counter electrode 5, and hang a reference electrode 6 from top to bottom, prepare a lithium secondary battery and estimate said specimen electrode.With metallic lithium as counter electrode 5 and reference electrode 6; With microporous polyethylene film as dividing plate 4.Use the lithium secondary battery that obtains like this, at 0.3mA/cm 2(graphite granule of the unit surface in the specimen electrode-PVDF mixture) charges and reaches 5mV (V is to Li/Li+) until the voltage between specimen electrode 3 and counter electrode 5, then at 0.3mA/cm 2Constant current under discharge and reach 1V (V is to Li/Li+) until said voltage, repeat this circulation and form a test.The loading capacity of the loading capacity of the graphite granule of table 6 expression per unit weight, the loading capacity of per unit weight graphite granule-PVDF mixture and the per unit weight graphite granule-PVDF mixture in the 50th circulation.In addition, as the evaluation of fast charging and discharging performance, table 6 has also been represented a kind of at 0.3mA/cm 2Constant current under charge the loading capacity in the experiment of under 0.3 electric current, discharging then.
Embodiment 23
The poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that be dissolved in N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-of the graphite granule that obtains in embodiment 22 of 87wt% with 13wt% (weight with solid ingredient is represented) mixed, prepare a kind of graphite thickener.Then, the process that repeats embodiment 22 obtains a kind of specimen electrode, and wherein, the thickness of said graphite granule-PVDF mixture layer is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.5g/cm 3
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 22 by the process identical with embodiment 22.The result is shown in table 6.
Embodiment 24
The poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that be dissolved in N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-of the graphite granule that obtains in embodiment 22 of 85wt% with 15wt% (weight with solid ingredient is represented) mixed, prepare a kind of graphite thickener.Then, the process that repeats embodiment 22 obtains a kind of specimen electrode, and wherein, the thickness of said graphite granule-PVDF mixture layer is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.5g/cm 3
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 22 by the process identical with embodiment 22.The result is shown in table 6.
Embodiment 25
The poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that be dissolved in N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-of the graphite granule that obtains in embodiment 22 of 82wt% with 18wt% (weight with solid ingredient is represented) mixed, prepare a kind of graphite thickener.Then, the process that repeats embodiment 22 obtains a kind of specimen electrode, and wherein, the thickness of said graphite granule-PVDF mixture layer is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.5g/cm 3
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 22 by the process identical with embodiment 22.The result is shown in table 6.
Embodiment 26
The poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that be dissolved in N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-of the graphite granule that obtains in embodiment 22 of 80wt% with 20wt% (weight with solid ingredient is represented) mixed, prepare a kind of graphite thickener.Then, the process that repeats embodiment 22 obtains a kind of specimen electrode, and wherein, the thickness of said graphite granule-PVDF mixture layer is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.5g/cm 3
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 22 by the process identical with embodiment 22.The result is shown in table 6.
Embodiment 27
The poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that be dissolved in N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-of the graphite granule that obtains in embodiment 22 of 92wt% with 8wt% (weight with solid ingredient is represented) mixed, prepare a kind of graphite thickener.Then, the process that repeats embodiment 22 obtains a kind of specimen electrode, and wherein, the thickness of said graphite granule-PVDF mixture layer is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.5g/cm 3
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 22 by the process identical with embodiment 22.The result is shown in table 6.
Embodiment 28
The poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that be dissolved in N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-of the graphite granule that obtains in embodiment 22 of 97.5wt% with 2.5wt% (weight with solid ingredient is represented) mixed, prepare a kind of graphite thickener.Then, the process that repeats embodiment 22 obtains a kind of specimen electrode, and wherein, the thickness of said graphite granule-PVDF mixture layer is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.5g/cm 3
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 22 by the process identical with embodiment 22.The result is shown in table 6.
Embodiment 29
The poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that be dissolved in N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-of the graphite granule that obtains in embodiment 22 of 78wt% with 22wt% (weight with solid ingredient is represented) mixed, prepare a kind of graphite thickener.Then, the process that repeats embodiment 22 obtains a kind of specimen electrode, and wherein, the thickness of said graphite granule-PVDF mixture layer is 80 μ m, and its density is 1.5g/cm 3
Then, prepare a kind of lithium secondary battery, and use the method test identical with embodiment 22 by the process identical with embodiment 22.The result is shown in table 6.
Table 6
Embodiment 22 Embodiment 23 Embodiment 24 Embodiment 25 Embodiment 26 Embodiment 27 Embodiment 28 Embodiment 29
With graphite granule/PVDF (organic binder bond) mixture is the PVDF content (%) of benchmark ??10 ??13 ??15 ??18 ?20 ??8 ??2.5 ??22
(discharging current is 0.3mA/cm to the loading capacity of unit weight graphite granule (mAh/g) 2) ??325 ??338 ??355 ??259 ?363 ??320 ??275 ??335
(discharging current is 0.3mA/cm to the loading capacity (mAh/g) of unit weight graphite granule/PVDF mixture 2) ??293 ??294 ??302 ??294 ?290 ??294 ??267 ??261
(discharging current is 0.3mA/cm to the loading capacity (mAh/g) of the graphite granule/PVDF mixture of unit weight in the 50th circulation 2) ??287 ??290 ??295 ??292 ?286 ??265 ??134 ??252
(discharging current is 3.0mA/cm to the loading capacity (mAh/g) of unit weight graphite granule/PVDF mixture 2) ??267 ??282 ??280 ??278 ?271 ??250 ??160 ??232
As shown in table 6, clearly, the third capacitance of lithium secondary battery height, fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence of the present invention.
Graphite granule of the present invention is applicable to the lithium secondary battery of fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence.
In addition, graphite granule of the present invention is applicable to the lithium secondary battery that irreversible capacity is little and cycle performance is excellent in circulation for the first time.
In addition, according to the method for production graphite granule of the present invention, can obtain to be applicable to the lithium secondary battery of fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence or the round-robin irreversible capacity is little and cycle performance is excellent for the first time lithium secondary battery or the lithium secondary battery of little and fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence of round-robin irreversible capacity for the first time.
In addition, graphite thickener of the present invention is applicable to the lithium secondary battery of fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence, or the lithium secondary battery that for the first time the round-robin irreversible capacity is little and cycle performance is excellent, the perhaps lithium secondary battery of little and fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence of round-robin irreversible capacity for the first time.
In addition, the negative material of lithium secondary battery and the lithium secondary battery that production method is applicable to capacity height and Rapid Cycle performance and cycle performance excellence of being used for of the present invention, the perhaps lithium secondary battery that for the first time the round-robin irreversible capacity is little and cycle performance is excellent, the perhaps lithium secondary battery of little and fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence of round-robin irreversible capacity for the first time.
In addition, capacitance of lithium secondary battery height of the present invention and fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence, perhaps for the first time the round-robin irreversible capacity is little and cycle performance is excellent, perhaps little and fast charging and discharging performance and cycle performance excellence of round-robin irreversible capacity for the first time.

Claims (33)

1, a kind of graphite granule, wherein, it is by the combination of a plurality of tabular particles or combine and crystal face that each tabular particulate is aligned is not parallel to each other mutually.
2, a kind of graphite granule according to claim 1, wherein, the aspect ratio of said graphite granule is 5 or littler.
3, a kind of graphite granule, its aspect ratio are 5 or littler.
4, a kind of graphite granule according to claim 3, wherein, the aspect ratio of said graphite granule is 1.2-5.
5, a kind of graphite granule according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, said graphite granule obtains by graphite granule is made up or combines.
6, a kind of graphite granule, its specific surface area are 8m2/g or littler.
7, a kind of graphite granule according to claim 6, wherein, the specific surface area of said graphite granule is 2-5m2/g.
8, a kind of graphite granule according to claim 6 or 7, wherein, crystal face each other not parallel obtain of said graphite granule by a plurality of flat particles are made up or combine and make each tabular particulate align.
9, a kind of according to claim 6,7 or 8 graphite granule, wherein, the aspect ratio of said graphite granule is 5 or littler.
10, a kind of graphite granule, wherein, by the wide angle of the x ray diffractometry of said graphite granule, the crystalline size on the crystalline c direction of principal axis (thickness direction) is 500 dusts or bigger, is 1,000 dust or littler at the crystalline size of crystal plane direction.
11, a kind of graphite granule according to claim 10, wherein, by the wide angle of the X ray of said graphite granule diffractometry, the crystalline interlamellar spacing is 3.38 dusts or littler.
12, a kind of graphite granule according to claim 10 or 11, wherein, said graphite granule is by the combination of a plurality of tabular particles or combine and make not parallel each other acquisition of crystal face that each tabular particulate orientation is placed side by side.
13, a kind of according to claim 10,11 or 12 graphite granule, wherein, the aspect ratio of said graphite granule is 5 or littler.
14, a kind of graphite granule, wherein, size is the graphite granule 0.4-2.0cc/g of per unit weight at the volume of the pore of 102～106 dusts.
15, a kind of graphite granule according to claim 14, wherein, said graphite granule is by the combination of a plurality of tabular particles or combine and make not parallel each other acquisition of crystal face that each tabular particulate orientation is placed side by side.
16, a kind of graphite granule according to claim 14 or 15, wherein, the aspect ratio of said graphite granule is 5 or littler.
17, a kind of according to claim 14,15 or 16 graphite granule, wherein, the specific surface area of said graphite granule is 8m2/g or littler.
18, a kind of graphite granule, wherein, size is 1 * 10.The volume of the pore of～2 * 104 dusts is that the graphite granule of per unit weight is 0.08～0.4cc/g.
19, a kind of graphite granule according to claim 18, wherein, said graphite granule is by the combination of a plurality of tabular particles or combine and make not parallel each other acquisition of crystal face that each tabular particulate orientation is placed side by side.
20, a kind of graphite granule according to claim 18 or 19, wherein, the aspect ratio of said graphite granule is 5 or littler.
21, a kind of according to claim 18,19 or 20 graphite granule, wherein, the specific surface area of said graphite granule is 8m2/g or littler.
22, a kind of method of producing according to claim 1,3,6,10,14 or 18 graphite granule, comprise to can graphited raw material or graphite and can graphited tackiness agent in add the graphitization catalyst of 1～50wt%, the said mixture of homogenizing is also calcined said mixture, pulverizes then.
23, a kind of method of the production graphite granule according to claim 22, wherein, the average particulate diameter of said graphitization catalyst is 150 μ m or littler.
24, a kind of graphite thickener comprises according to claim l, 2,6,10,14 or 18 graphite granule, a kind of organic binder bond and a kind of solvent.
25, a kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery obtains by the graphite thickener according to claim 24 is coated on a kind of current collector and prepares an integral body.
26, a kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery, by the mixture of a kind of graphite granule and organic binder bond is obtained with a kind of current collector integration, wherein, after with the pressing integration, the density of the mixture of said graphite granule and organic binder bond is 1.5～1.9g/cm3.
27, a kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery according to claim 26, wherein, said graphite granule is according to claim 1,3,6,10,14 or 18 graphite granule.
28, a kind of production is characterised in that according to the method for the negative pole of the lithium secondary battery of claim 26:
To can graphited raw material or graphite and can graphited tackiness agent in add the graphitization catalyst of 1～50wt%,
Homogenizing, calcining are also pulverized said mixture and are obtained a kind of graphite granule,
In said graphite granule, add and mix a kind of organic binder bond and a kind of solvent,
The mixture that is obtained is coated on a kind of current collector,
Evaporate said solvent to the exsiccant degree, carry out integration by compacting then.
29, a kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery, by the mixture of a kind of graphite granule and a kind of organic binder bond is obtained with a kind of current collector integration, wherein, mixture with said graphite granule and organic binder bond is a benchmark, and the content of said organic binder bond is 3～20wt%.
30, a kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery according to claim 29, wherein, the content of said tackiness agent is that benchmark is 11～20wt% with the mixture of said graphite granule and organic binder bond.
31, a kind of negative pole that is used for lithium secondary battery according to claim 29 or 30, wherein, said graphite granule is according to claim 1,3,6,10,14 or 18 graphite granule.
32, a kind of lithium secondary battery, comprise a shell, a lid and at least one pair of positive and negative electrode, said shell, lid and electrode are installed by the intermediate medium of dividing plate, a kind of electrolyte solution is distributed in around it, wherein, said negative pole is according to claim 25,26,29 or 30 negative pole.
33, a kind of lithium secondary battery according to claim 32, wherein, said negative pole obtains by using according to claim 1,3,6,10,14 or 18 graphite granule.
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