CN1228279C - Multifunctional chitin release-controlled fertilizer - Google Patents
Multifunctional chitin release-controlled fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN1228279C CN1228279C CN 200310109321 CN200310109321A CN1228279C CN 1228279 C CN1228279 C CN 1228279C CN 200310109321 CN200310109321 CN 200310109321 CN 200310109321 A CN200310109321 A CN 200310109321A CN 1228279 C CN1228279 C CN 1228279C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to multifunctional chitin slow release fertilizers. The finished products of the present invention are granules of which the diameters are from 1.0 to 5.0 millimeters, are composed of 15 to 80%(wt) of fertilizer components, 10 to 80%(wt) of powder containing chitin, 5 to 35%(wt) of adhesives, 0 to 40%(wt) of filling agents, 0 to 20%(wt) of active ingredients and 0 to 10%(wt) of sealing agents, and are prepared by the technology of granulating or wrapping. The present invention has the advantages of high mechanical strength, no deliquescence and convenient use, and can be used as slow release fertilizers or soil improvement agents. The present invention has the characteristics of simple production technology process, universal equipment, easy operation, wide purpose, abundant raw materials, convenient generalization, industrial production realization, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of slow release fertilizer, be specifically related to a kind of particulate slow-release fertilizer that contains chitin.
Background technology
Chitin (chitin) has another name called chitin, chitin, is a kind of natural polysaecharides macromolecular compound, is widespread in nature in the cell walls of shell, insect cuticle and the many fungies of crustaceans such as shrimp crab.Being that occurring in nature is only second to cellulosic second largest natural polymer, also is the nitrogenous natural organic-compound of the outer quantity maximum of isolating protein on the earth.In recent years, the application of chitin on agricultural is extensive day by day.As new plant growth regulator, can excite seed germination, promote plant growth, increase output, improve quality; As soil improvement agent, can change soil microflora, promote actinomycetes and some other beneficial microorganism growths in the soil, suppress pathogenic bacteria growth and breeding in the soil; As the Plant diseases resistance inductor, can the inducing plant self-defence reaction, produce the resistance of wide spectrum, suppress the growth of various plants pathogenic micro-organism.1963, people such as U.S. Mitchell have carried out adding the research of lobster shell or chitin in soil, the result shows that the disease that soil-borne plant pathogen causes alleviates, and soil actinomycete quantity increases, fungi quantity reduces, and the bacterial number that can decompose chitin increases by 3～5 times.People's such as the Zhao Chun of Agricultural University Of Shenyang swallow the chitin that studies show that can make azotobacter, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, milk-acid bacteria, actinomycetic quantity in the soil significantly increase, and the quantity of common mould and other filamentous funguss obviously reduces.We also draw similar conclusion at recent research.Japanese peasant just begins to use crab meat and improves the soil before 20 years, prevents and treats disease, reaches the purpose of increasing both production and income.Modern times improve the soil with chitin, existing abroad many patent reports.
China inland river, lake is many, and the marine site is big, and crustacean aboundresources such as shrimp crab are also demanded the cheap chitin resource developed urgently for people have stayed in a large number except that delicious food is provided for people.For a long time, the waste on aquatic products processing factory and seashore is except that part is used as animal-feed, and major part is thrown away as rubbish, has both wasted this precious resources, becomes factor of environmental pollution again.Contain the shells such as shrimp crab of chitin, its main component is chitin (accounting for about 20%), protein and lime carbonate, has biodegradability, can be in soil by microbiological degradation, and after decomposing is the high-quality fertilizer material, can be by plant absorbing, for plant-growth provides nutrition.
Generation of the present invention is based on the background of following two aspects: (1) in recent years, because the frequent use of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, useful insect reduces, its remains chitin tails off to the supply of soil thereupon, so leaf portion contacts chitin with root chance also reduces thereupon, causes the disorder of occurring in nature chitin round-robin, thereby upset the distribution of microorganism in the soil, useful bacterium becomes fewer and feweri, causes increasingly sharpening of disease and pest, natural environment deterioration.Simultaneously owing to chemical fertilizer, using in a large number of agricultural chemicals also produce serious poisoning to human body.Therefore, keep the circulation of nature chitin, supply with the soil chitin artificially and become extremely important.(2) fertilizer is one of most important production means in the agricultural, the chemical fertilizer loss is a quite serious problem, it not only causes economic Direct Loss, wasted ample resources, more seriously Sun Shi chemical fertilizer brings adverse consequences for our survival environment with continuing, as water pollution, topsoil, problem such as pollution of agricultural products and Greenhouse effect, and can cause the raising of cancer morbidity, harm humans health.Improve utilization rate of fertilizer, alleviate or exempts fertilizer pollution, develop sustainable, high-efficiency agriculture is various countries' problems of concern jointly.Producing and the use slow release fertilizer, is effective measure the most efficient and convenient, that can fundamentally solve the fertilizer loss problem.Existing slow release fertilizer can be divided into chemical combination type, coating (containing parcel) type and mixed type three major types; Wherein coated slow releasing fertilizer is mainly developed in China, has that cost is low, the manufacturing process characteristic of simple, is particularly suitable for China's national situation.The present invention adopts the powder that contains chitin with the effect of improving the soil to come Wrapped fertilizer, make slow release fertilizer, the dual purpose that can realize reducing fertilizer loss, improves utilization rate of fertilizer and improve the soil, technology is simple, easy to use, have high economic benefit and very strong application value.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly at the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of with low cost, production technique is simple, of many uses, be convenient to popularize, have the environment-friendly type slow release fertilizer and the manufacture method thereof of the slowly-releasing and the dual-use function of improving the soil.
A kind of chitin slow release fertilizer, its main ingredient and content (mass percent) are as follows:
Fertilizer 15～80%
The powder 10～80% that contains chitin
Binding agent 5～35%
Weighting agent 0～40%
Activeconstituents 0～20%
Sealing agent 0～10%
Wherein: described fertilizer is urea or nitrogenous compound or compound is fertile; The described powder that contains chitin is the one or more combination in the crushed material of shell of the shrimp that contains chitin, crab, silkworm chrysalis, and the order number is 60～200 orders; Described binding agent is that concentration is that 30～60% urea-formaldehyde resin aqueous solution, concentration are that 2～3% aqueous guar glue solution, concentration are that 5～11% polyvinyl formal solution, concentration are the one or more combination in 5～11% the polyvinyl alcohol starch formal aqueous solution; Described weighting agent is the one or more combination in talcum powder, diatomite, kaolin, terra alba, zeolite powder, lime carbonate, silicon-dioxide, brown coal, weathered coal, powdery humic acids, sawdust, the wheat straw powder, and the order number is 60～200 orders; Described activeconstituents is the one or more combination in chitin, chitosan, oligochitosan, urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor, trace element, the organized enzyme, and the order number is 60～200 orders; Described sealing agent is the one or more combination in paraffin, stearic acid, the pitch.
Nitrogenous fertilizer source during described nitrogenous compound or compound is fertile is urea, bicarbonate of ammonia, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate.
The present invention prepares the method for above-mentioned chitin slow release fertilizer, is to adopt one of following preparation method:
(1) under the effect of binding agent, in above-mentioned ratio, particulate state fertilizer to be wrapped up with the powder, weighting agent, the activeconstituents that contain chitin, after the drying, the sealing agent sealing promptly gets product;
(2) in above-mentioned ratio, powdered fertilizer, the powder that contains chitin, weighting agent, activeconstituents are added in the tablets press, spray into binding agent and carry out granulation, the screening of dry back promptly gets product.
The present invention can be used as slow release fertilizer or soil improvement agent.The present invention has following advantage than existing technology: (1) is multi-functional; (2) cost is low; (3) environmental friendliness; (4) preparation technology, equipment are simple; (5) applied widely.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described.The cited case does not limit protection domain of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing 8 kilograms of crab shell powder, 2 kilograms of sawdusts, mix, as lapping.The granular urea that takes by weighing 50 kilograms 2～4 millimeters is put into the disk packing machine, adopts the hot blast heating.Keeping temperature is 80 ℃, under the situation of rotating, spraying binding agent-concentration by spray gun to fertilizer core discontinuously is 50% urea-formaldehyde resin aqueous solution, is sprinkled into lapping on fertilizer core while spraying, finish using until lapping, continue drying, when moisture content was lower than 4%, temperature was reduced to about 65 ℃, slowly pour the paraffin that is fused into liquid in advance into, stop heating, maintenance equipment continues rotation, and sheet temperature drop to room temperature gets final product.
Embodiment 2
Take by weighing 20 kilograms of shrimp shell meal ends, 5 kilograms of sawdusts, mix, as lapping.Take by weighing 50 kilograms 2～4 millimeters particulate state and contain nitrogen composite fertilizer and put into the disk packing machine, adopt the hot blast heating.Keeping temperature is 80 ℃, under the situation of rotating, spraying binding agent-concentration by spray gun to fertilizer core discontinuously is 10% polyvinyl formal solution, is sprinkled into lapping on fertilizer core while spraying, finish using until lapping, continue drying, when moisture content was lower than 4%, temperature was reduced to about 65 ℃, slowly pour the paraffin that is fused into liquid in advance into, stop heating, maintenance equipment continues rotation, and sheet temperature drop to room temperature gets final product.
Embodiment 3
Take by weighing 8 kilograms of shrimp shell meal ends, 5 kilograms of talcum powder, 0.5 kilogram of urease inhibitor N-NBPT (NBPT), mix, as integument, the granular urea that takes by weighing 50 kilograms 2～4 millimeters is put into the disk packing machine, adopts the hot blast heating.Keeping temperature is 80 ℃, under the situation of rotating, spraying binding agent-concentration by spray gun to fertilizer core discontinuously is 2% aqueous guar glue solution, is sprinkled into lapping on fertilizer core while spraying, finish using until lapping, continue drying, when moisture content was lower than 4%, temperature was reduced to about 65 ℃, slowly pour the paraffin that is fused into liquid in advance into, stop heating, maintenance equipment continues rotation, and sheet temperature drop to room temperature gets final product.
Embodiment 4
Take by weighing 40 kilograms of powder urea, 10 kilograms of crab shell powder, 1 kilogram of chitosan, mix.With concentration is that 10% polyvinyl formal solution is a binding agent, carries out granulation in tablets press, and it is 2～3 millimeters particle that sieve takes out diameter, carries out drying, gets final product when moisture content is lower than 4%.
Embodiment 5
Take by weighing 10 kilograms of powder urea, 40 kilograms of shrimp shell meal ends, 5 kilograms of wheat straw powder, 0.5 kilogram of oligochitosan (average molecular weight is 3000), mix.With concentration is that 10% the polyvinyl alcohol starch formal aqueous solution is binding agent, carries out granulation in tablets press, and it is 2～4 millimeters particle that sieve takes out diameter, carries out drying, gets final product when moisture content is lower than 4%.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of chitin slow release fertilizer is characterized in that, the component and the content of described chitin slow release fertilizer are as follows:
Fertilizer 15～80%
The powder 10～80% that contains chitin
Binding agent 5～35%
Weighting agent 0～40%
Activeconstituents 0～20%
Sealing agent 0～10%
Wherein: described fertilizer is urea or nitrogenous compound or compound is fertile; The described powder that contains chitin is the middle one or more combination of the shell crushed material of the shrimp that contains chitin, crab, silkworm chrysalis; Described binding agent is that concentration is that 30～60% urea-formaldehyde resin aqueous solution, concentration are that 2～3% aqueous guar glue solution, concentration are that 5～11% polyvinyl formal solution, concentration are the one or more combination in 5～11% the polyvinyl alcohol starch formal aqueous solution; Described weighting agent is the one or more combination in talcum powder, diatomite, kaolin, terra alba, zeolite powder, lime carbonate, silicon-dioxide, brown coal, weathered coal, powdery humic acids, sawdust, the wheat straw powder; Described activeconstituents is the one or more combination in chitin, chitosan, oligochitosan, urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor, trace element, the organized enzyme; Described sealing agent is the one or more combination in paraffin, stearic acid, the pitch; Described components contents by percentage to the quality.
2, chitin slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the nitrogenous fertilizer source during wherein said nitrogenous compound or compound is fertile is urea, bicarbonate of ammonia, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate.
3, chitin slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the wherein said powder that contains chitin, order number are 60～200 orders.
4, chitin slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein said weighting agent, order number are 60～200 orders.
5, a kind of multi-functional chitin slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said activeconstituents, order number are 60～200 orders.
6, prepare the method for the described chitin slow release fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that, adopt one of following preparation method:
(1) under the effect of binding agent, in the described ratio of claim 1, particulate state fertilizer to be wrapped up with the powder, weighting agent, the activeconstituents that contain chitin, after the drying, the sealing agent sealing promptly gets product;
(2) in the described ratio of claim 1, powdered fertilizer, the powder that contains chitin, weighting agent, activeconstituents are added in the tablets press, spray into binding agent and carry out granulation, the screening of dry back promptly gets product.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200310109321 CN1228279C (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2003-12-12 | Multifunctional chitin release-controlled fertilizer |
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| CN 200310109321 CN1228279C (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2003-12-12 | Multifunctional chitin release-controlled fertilizer |
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| CN1546438A CN1546438A (en) | 2004-11-17 |
| CN1228279C true CN1228279C (en) | 2005-11-23 |
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| CN100432030C (en) * | 2005-06-21 | 2008-11-12 | 华南农业大学 | Production method enveloped control-released fertilizer |
| CN102079669B (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2013-12-11 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Efficient organic compound fertilizer and preparation method |
| CN102093093B (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2013-04-17 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Soil regulator for promoting growth of crops and application thereof |
| CN102093144B (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2012-11-21 | 施可丰化工股份有限公司 | Biodegradable coated urea |
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| CN102424633B (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2014-07-02 | 常大勇 | Self-curing film-coated controlled release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103833464A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2014-06-04 | 唐国荣 | Nutritive growth-promoting disease-resistant pest-resistant drought-resistant water-retention bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104341249A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-11 | 杭州绿叶科技有限公司 | Improved humic acid fertilizer and processing process thereof |
| CN104591929A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-06 | 周一鸿 | Preparation process or bio-organic fertilizer |
| CN104876721A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-02 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | High-nitrogen long-acting slow-release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and application thereof in Hibiscus syriacus planting |
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| CN105399523A (en) * | 2015-12-12 | 2016-03-16 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing coated sustained-release calcium fertilizer from waste seafood shell |
| CN112159283B (en) * | 2020-10-18 | 2022-05-13 | 史丹利化肥（平原）有限公司 | Preparation and use methods of chitosan oligosaccharide coated slow-release fertilizer |
| CN112175143B (en) * | 2020-10-18 | 2022-03-29 | 山东喜美农业科技有限公司 | Preparation method of chitosan oligosaccharide coated sustained release agent |
| CN113292377A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-08-24 | 河北新宜化肥有限公司 | Method for preparing environment-friendly biological coated slow-release fertilizer |
| CN114276196A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-05 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Soil conditioner for cultivating high-quality small red beans and preparation method thereof |
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