CN1225584C - 改性纺丝油剂 - Google Patents

改性纺丝油剂 Download PDF

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CN1225584C
CN1225584C CNB008081875A CN00808187A CN1225584C CN 1225584 C CN1225584 C CN 1225584C CN B008081875 A CNB008081875 A CN B008081875A CN 00808187 A CN00808187 A CN 00808187A CN 1225584 C CN1225584 C CN 1225584C
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R·克莱恩
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Honeywell International Inc
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Abstract

本纺丝油剂组合物包含至少约10重量%的通式为R1-(CO)x-O-(CH(R2)-CH2-O)y-(CO)z-R3的组分(a)和(b)，以纺丝油剂组合物为基准计；其中，R1和R3各自选自氢或含1～22个碳原子的烷基或含1～22个碳原子的亚烷基羟基基团，x为0或1，R2可以在组分(a)或组分(b)内变化并选自氢或含1～4个碳原子的烷基，y为0或1～25，和z为0或1，在组分(a)中，x和z等于0，组分(a)的平均分子量小于或等于1,900，且若R2变化则组分(a)是无规共聚物；以及在组分(b)中，至少x或z等于1，或者组分(b)是含10个以上聚氧乙烯单元的含有聚氧乙烯甘油酯的复杂化合物；和最高约5重量%的组分(c)烷氧基化的硅酮，以纺丝油剂组合物为基准计。本纺丝油剂可以应用在工业纱线上。

Description

改性纺丝油剂
本发明涉及用于合成纤维的改性纺丝油剂。
                        发明背景
在从喷丝板出来时，许多合成纤维需要施加纺丝油剂，以便进一步进行细纱加工。因为纺丝油剂可以在纤维上以极薄的层存在，所以纺丝油剂相当于在纤维和诸如在拉伸或松弛等加工期间接触纤维的导丝辊和辊等金属表面之间的界面。
共同转让的美国专利3,940,544、4,019,990和4,108,781讲述了包含分子量为300～1,000的聚亚烷基二醇的纺丝油剂。也参见美国专利4,351,738。
美国专利4,340,382讲述了包含为嵌段共聚物的聚亚烷基二醇的纺丝油剂。不幸的是，包含聚亚烷基二醇嵌段共聚物的纺丝油剂在制造期间会在它们接触的金属表面上形成沉积物。
美国专利4,351,738、4,552,671和5,507,989讲述了包含分子量大于1,000的聚亚烷基二醇的纺丝油剂。不幸的是，包含这类较高分子量的聚亚烷基二醇的纺丝油剂在制造期间也会在它们接触的金属表面上形成沉积物。
美国专利4,442,249讲述了一种纺丝油剂，包含分子量大于1,000的环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物，和烷基酯或二烷基酯或三至六甘醇的多烷基酯润滑剂，不幸的是，包含这类嵌段共聚物的纺丝油剂在制造期间也会在它们接触的金属表面上形成沉积物。
共同转让的美国专利3,681,244、3,781,202、4,348,517、4,351,738和4,371,658讲述了聚氧乙烯蓖麻油在纺丝油剂中的应用。
在本领域中需要不沉积的稳定的纺丝油剂。
                        发明概述
我们已开发了一种响应本领域上述需要的纺丝油剂。本纺丝油剂组合物包含至少约10重量％的具有以下述通式组分(a)和(b)，以纺丝油剂组合物为基准计；
R1-(CO)x-O-(CH(R2)-CH2-O)y-(CO)z-R3
式中，R1和R3各自选自氢或含1～22个碳原子的烷基或含1～22个碳原子的亚烷基羟基基团，
x为0或1，
R2可以在组分(a)或组分(b)内变化并选自氢或含1～4个碳原子的烷基，
y为1～25，和
z为0或1，
在组分(a)中，x和z等于0和组分(a)的平均分子量小于或等于1,900，和R3为氢，和R2变化和组分(a)是无规共聚物；和
在组分(b)中，至少x或z等于1或组分(b)是含10个以上聚氧乙烯单元的含有聚氧乙烯甘油酯的复合(complex)化合物；和
自0以上直至最高5重量％的组分(c)烷氧基化的硅酮，以纺丝油剂组合物为基准计。
本发明是有利的，因为纺丝油剂基本上不沉积和是稳定的。
本发明的其它优点根据下述内容和所附权利要求将是显而易见的。
                    优选实施方案详述
本纺丝油剂组合物的组分(a)具有下述通式
R1-O-(CH(R2)-CH2-O)y-H
式中R1选自氢或含1～22个碳原子的烷基，R2可以变化并选自氢或含1～4个碳原子的烷基，和y为1～25。组(a)的平均分子量小于或等于1,900。
优选地，组分(a)的平均分子量大于500。更优选地，组分(a)的平均分子量小于约1,500。
优选地，在组分(a)中，R1选自氢或含1～10个碳原子的烷基，R2选自氢和含1或2个碳原子的烷基，和y为1～20。术语“R2变化”意指：R2可以是氢和甲基、氢和乙基、或甲基和乙基。更优选地，在组分(a)中，R1选自氢或含1～5个碳原子的烷基，R2选自氢和甲基，和y为1～16。
优选的组分(a)是所谓的无规共聚物，更优选地，是自环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷制各的无规共聚物。环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷同时进行反应，形成混合的聚亚烷基二醇化合物。优选的化合物是约30～约70重量％环氧乙烷和约30～约70重量％环氧丙烷的缩合产物，并用含1～4个碳原子的醇封端。有用的无规共聚物是市售的。
优选地，组分(a)的存在量为至少约10重量％，以纺丝油剂组合物为基准计。更优选地，组分(a)的存在量为至少约20重量％，以纺丝油剂组合物为基准计。
本纺丝油剂的组分(b)具有下述通式
R1-(CO)x-O-(CH(R2)-CH2-O)y-(CO)z-R3
式中：R1和R3各自选自氢或含1～22个碳原子的烷基或含1～22个碳原子的亚烷基羟基基团，x为0或1，R2可以变化并选自氢或含1～4个碳原子的烷基，z为0或1，和至少x或z等于1。组分(b)可以是组分的混合物或者可以是含10个以上聚氧乙烯单元的含有聚氧乙烯甘油酯的复合化合物。
优选地，在组分(b)中，R1和R3各自选自氢或含1～18个碳原子的烷基或含1～18个碳原子的亚烷基羟基基团，R2不变化并选自氢或含1或2个碳原子的烷基，和y为5～25。更优选地，在组分(b)中，x为1和z为0。
有用的复合的酯是市售的。
最优选的组分(b)是含10个以上聚氧乙烯单元的含有聚氧乙烯甘油酯的化合物，和最优选的含10个以上聚氧乙烯单元的含有聚氧乙烯甘油酯的化合物是乙氧基化的蓖麻油。
优选地，组分(b)的存在量为至少约5重量％，以纺丝油剂组合物为基准计。更优选地，组分(b)的存在量为至少约10重量％，以纺丝油剂组合物为基准计。
组分(c)是烷氧基化硅酮。优选地，烷氧基化硅酮具有带有机聚亚烷基氧化物侧链的硅氧烷主链。有用的烷氧基化硅酮是市售的。烷氧基化硅酮用量最高达约5重量％，以纺丝油剂组合物为基准计。
本纺丝油剂可以用在任何合成纤维上。有用的合成材料包括聚酯和聚酰胺。有用的聚酯包括线形对苯二甲酸酯聚酯，即，含有2～20个碳原子的二醇和含有至少约75％对苯二甲酸的二羧酸组分的聚酯。二羧酸组分的其余部分，如果有的话，可以是任何适宜的二羧酸，例如癸二酸、己二酸、间苯二甲酸、磺酰基-4，4′-二苯甲酸、或2，8-二苯并呋喃二羧酸。二醇在链中可以含2个以上碳原子，例如二甘醇、丁二醇、1，10-癸二醇和双-1，4-(羟甲基)环己烷。线形对苯二甲酸酯聚酯的例子包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、对苯二甲酸/5-氯间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共聚物(85/15)、对苯二甲酸/5-磺基钠间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共聚物(97/3)、聚对苯二甲酸环己烷-1，4-二甲醇酯和对苯二甲酸/六氢对苯二甲酸-环己烷-1，4-二甲醇酯共聚物。这些起始物料是市售的。
其它有用的聚合物是由共同转让的美国专利5,869,582所讲述的共聚物。该共聚物包含：(a)芳族聚酯第1嵌段，其具有(i)至少约0.6dl/g特性粘度，在60/40(按重量计)苯酚和四氯乙烷混合物中进行测定，和(ii)在280℃下至少约7000泊的牛顿熔体粘度，以毛细管流变仪测定；和(b)内酯单体第二嵌段。所优选的芳族聚酯的例子包括：聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(“PET”)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(“PEN”)、聚对苯二甲酸双羟甲基环己烯酯、聚萘二甲酸双羟甲基环己烯酯、其它的聚萘二甲酸亚烷基二醇酯或聚萘二甲酸亚环烷基二醇酯，以及除了对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯单元之外，含有诸如间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、己二酸乙二醇酯、癸二酸乙二醇酯、对苯二甲酸1，4-亚环己基二亚甲基酯或其它对苯二甲酸亚烷基酯单元的混合聚酯。芳族聚酯的混合物也可以应用。市售芳族聚酯可以使用。优选的内酯包括ε-己内酯、丙内酯、丁内酯、戊内酯和高级环内酯。两种或多种内酯可以同时应用。
有用的聚酰胺包括尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙11、尼龙12、尼龙6，10、尼龙6，12、尼龙4，6、其共聚物和其混合物。
合成纤维可以通过制造工业纤维的已知方法生产。例如：共同转让的美国专利5,132,067和5,630,976讲述制造尺寸稳定的PET的方法。在合成纤维自喷丝板出来之后，本纺丝油剂可以通过包括油浴上油、喷雾上油、浸轧上油和给油辊上油的任何已知方法施加到合成纤维上。优选地，本纺丝油剂应用到合成纱线的量为约0.2～约1.5重量％，以合成纱线重量为基准计。
本发明还涉及具有本发明的纺丝油剂的纱线以及由该纱线制造的纤网。
以下实施例为举例说明，并不构成限制。
比较例A和发明实施例1～6
比较例A和发明实施例1～6使用下表1所述的、市售的、具有下述通式的组分(a)和(b)。
R1-(CO)x-O-(CH(R2)-CH2-O)y-(CO)z-R3
表I
组分   R1     X     R2     Y     Z     R3
(a)   C4     0     50％H/50％CH3     4-16     0     H
(b)-1   C17H33     1     100％H     15     1     C17H33
(b)-2   C17H33     1     80％H/20％CH3     9     0     CH3
对于比较例(下文缩写为“Comp”)和本发明实施例(下文缩写为“Ex”)1～6的每种纺丝油剂来说，纺丝油剂采用下表II所列组分和重量百分比来制造。在表II中，MW意指分子量，(b)-3是含有诸如下述组分的市售乙氧基化蓖麻油：
和
其中R4是
Figure C0080818700093
测定每种纺丝油剂的稳定性，并记录在下表II中。
表II
  (a)MW～970   (a)MW～1230   (a)MW～1600    (b)-1   (b)-2  (b)-3+10EO   (b)-3+16EO  (b)-3+25EO   硅酮 稳定
    Ex.1   70.0     25.0   5.0   稳定-很稳定
    Comp.A   70.0   25.0   5.0   不稳定
    Ex.2   70.0   27.0   3.0   稳定
    Ex.3   70.0   27.0   3.0   稳定
    Ex.4   30.0     65   5.0   稳定
    Ex.5   10.0   85.0   5.0   稳定
    Ex.6   10.0   85.0   5.0   稳定
发明实施例7
制造含有50重量％上表I所列的、分子量为约270的组分(a)和45重量％上表I所列的组分(b)-2和5重量％硅酮的纺丝油剂，该纺丝油剂是稳定的。

Claims (21)

1.一种纺丝油剂组合物，包含至少10重量％的下述通式的组分(a)和(b)，以所述纺丝油剂组合物为基准计；
          R1-(CO)x-O-(CH(R2)-CH2-O)y-(CO)z-R3
式中所述R1和所述R3各自选自氢、含1～22个碳原子的烷基、和含1～22个碳原子的亚烷基羟基基团，
所述x为0或1，
所述R2可以在所述组分(a)或所述组分(b)内变化，并选自氢和含1～4个碳原子的烷基，
所述y为1～25，和
所述z为0或1，
在所述组分(a)中，所述x和z等于0和所述组分(a)的平均分子量小于或等于1,900，和R3为氢，且R2变化和组分(a)是无规共聚物；以及
在所述组分(b)中，至少所述x或所述z之一等于1或所述组分(b)是含10个以上聚氧乙烯单元的含有聚氧乙烯甘油酯的复合化合物；以及
(c)烷氧基化硅酮。
2.权利要求1的纺丝油剂组合物，其中所述组分(a)的存在量为至少10重量％，以所述纺丝油剂组合物为基准计。
3.权利要求2的纺丝油剂组合物，其中所述组分(a)的存在量为至少20重量％，以所述纺丝油剂组合物为基准计。
4.权利要求3的纺丝油剂组合物，其中在所述组分(a)中，所述R1选自氢或含1～22个碳原子的烷基。
5.权利要求4的纺丝油剂组合物，其中在所述组分(a)中，所述R1选自氢或含1～10个碳原子的烷基，所述R2选自氢和含1或2个碳原子的烷基，和所述y为1～20。
6.权利要求5的纺丝油剂组合物，其中在所述组分(a)中，所述R1选自氢或含1～5个碳原子的烷基，所述R2选自氢和甲基，和所述y为1～16。
7.权利要求6的纺丝油剂组合物，其中所述组分(a)的平均分子量为小于1,500。
8.权利要求1的纺丝油剂组合物，其中所述组分(b)的存在量为至少5重量％，以所述纺丝油剂组合物为基准计。
9.权利要求1的纺丝油剂组合物，其中所述组分(b)的存在量为至少10重量％，以所述纺丝油剂组合物为基准计。
10.权利要求1的纺丝油剂组合物，其中在所述组分(b)中，所述R1选自氢或含1～22个碳原子的烷基或含1～22个碳原子的亚烷基羟基基团，所述R2选自氢或含1～4个碳原子的烷基，和至少所述x或z等于1。
11.权利要求1的纺丝油剂组合物，其中所述组分(b)是含10个以上聚氧乙烯单元的含有聚氧乙烯甘油酯的复合化合物。
12.权利要求11的纺丝油剂，其中所述含聚氧乙烯甘油酯的复合化合物是乙氧基化的蓖麻油。
13.在其上具有权利要求1的纺丝油剂的纱线。
14.由权利要求13的纱线制造的纤网。
15.一种制造纱线的方法，包括下述步骤：
A.挤出聚合物以制造纱线；
B.向所述纱线施加纺丝油剂，所述油剂包含至少10重量％的具有以下通式的组分(a)和(b)，以所述纺丝油剂组合物为基准计；
            R1-(CO)x-O-(CH(R2)-CH2-O)y-(CO)z-R3
式中，R1和R3各自选自氢、含1～22个碳原子的烷基和含1～22个碳原子的亚烷基羟基基团，
x为0或1，
R2可以在所述组分(a)或所述组分(b)内变化并选自氢或含1～4个碳原子的烷基，
y为1～25，
z为0或1，
在所述组分(a)中，x和z等于0，和所述组分(a)的平均分子量小于或等于1,900，和R3为氢，且R2变化和组分(a)是无规共聚物；以及
在所述组分(b)中，至少所述x或z之一等于1，或所述组分(b)是含10个以上聚氧乙烯单元的含有聚氧乙烯甘油酯的复合化合物；(c)烷氧基化硅酮；以及
C.拉伸所述纱线。
16.权利要求15的方法，其中在所述步骤A中，所述聚合物是聚酰胺。
17.权利要求15的方法，其中在所述步骤A中，所述聚合物是聚酯。
18.权利要求15的方法，其中在所述步骤B中，所述纺丝油剂施加到所述纱线上，其量为0.2～1.5重量％，以所述纱线的重量为基准计。
19.权利要求15的方法，其中在所述步骤B中，在所述组分(a)中，所述R1选自氢或含1～22个碳原子的烷基，所述x和z为0，所述R2选自氢或含1～4个碳原子的烷基，和所述y为1～25。
20.权利要求1的纺丝油剂组合物，其中所述烷氧基化硅酮包括乙氧基化硅酮。
21.权利要求1的纺丝油剂组合物，其中所述烷氧基化硅酮的含量基于所述纺丝油剂组合物的重量达5重量％。
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