CN1222756C - 询问无源传感器的装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于确定无源传感器，例如：表面声波器件的共振频率，的装置，该装置包括：用于将具有多个频率的信号传送至所述无源传感器(2)；用于在传送信号的同时从所述无源传感器接收信号的装置(3，7)；用于将所接收的信号与发射信号进行比较，以确认该传感器在以其共振频率被驱动时，接收信号与发射信号之间的关系特征变化。通常当无源传感器的驱动频率经过该传感器的共振频率时，无源传感器生成的信号的相位和/或幅度将会发生变化。通过确认该相位和/或幅度的变化可以探测发生共振的点。当该比较指明传感器在其共振频率被驱动时，此时发射信号的频率是该传感器的共振频率。
Description
本发明涉及询问无源传感器的装置与方法，特别是，但不仅仅是，涉及装有表面声波器件(SAW)的无源传感器的装置与方法。
众所周知，表面声波装置被用来监测诸如温度、压力及张力等参数。这种器件包含一个振荡器，该振荡器由沉积在压电衬底的显微结构组成。将该沉积物布置成可以形成至少一对交叉梳状电极。通常情况下，电极是由铝制成(尽管可以采用其它良导体)，并且其厚度为100埃的数量级。该压电衬底通常由陶瓷或石英材料制成。
使用过程中，将电脉冲信号施加到一对电极中的一个电极，使与其关联的SAW器件起着转换器的作用。将电输入信号转换成声波，声波又通过该衬底传输到电极对中的另一个电极。当声波到达所述另一个电极时，转换过程进行反向，从而，产生电极输出信号。这个输出信号有特征共振频率，该特征共振频率取决于若干因素，这些因素包括显微结构沉积物的几何条件(例如：交叉电极之间的间隔)。由于在电极对中的交叉电极之间的间隔随衬底形状的改变而变化(例如：通过温度变化的影响或机械力的施加)。通过监测SAW器件的共振频率可确定该器件条件的变化。通过这种方法，可以测量出能影响SAW器件条件的参数，诸如：温度、压力和张力。例如：如果SAW器件的温度降低，那么压电衬底的尺寸变小，从而交叉电极彼此变得紧凑。其结果是，SAW器件的共振频率提高。可以测定和校准该频率的提高以给出温度变化的指示。
在询问SAW器件的现有技术系统中，通过询问装置将激发脉冲形式的输入信号(通常的时间段为10μs)施加到器件电极中的一个，以便产生共振。随着激发脉冲的结束，由SAW器件产生的输出信号在短时间内稳定于共振频率之前要经过一个过渡阶段，在输出信号趋于稳定的时间内，该询问装置从信号发射模式切换为信号接收模式。通过询问装置和适当的分析，接收SAW器件的输出信号，以确定输出信号的频率。输出信号的频率等于SAW器件共振信号的频率。
然而，为了使SAW器件的输出信号稳定，并使询问装置的模式能够在发射与接收模式之间转换，一次询问的过程可能会很长，特别是在大量的无源传感器被相同的询问装置询问的情况下。这是在现有技术中存在的问题。
本发明旨在提供一种装置与方法以便通过快捷的方式确定无源传感器的共振频率。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种装置与方法以询问在不同的运行原理下工作的两个或两个以上的无源传感器。
本发明的第一个方面提供了确定无源传感器的共振频率的装置，所述装置包括：将具有多个频率的射频信号发射至所述无源传感器的装置；在发射射频信号同时，从所述无源传感器接收射频信号的装置；将接收的射频信号与发射的射频信号进行比较以确认接收的射频信号与发射的射频信号之间关系的特征变化的装置，这种特征变化发生在以共振频率驱动传感器的时刻；当这种比较指明该传感器以其共振频率被驱动时，确定发射射频信号频率的装置。
因此，根据本发明的装置发射驱动信号给无源传感器，例如：SAW器件，并同时接收传感器所产生的信号以响应该驱动信号。由询问装置接收到的返回信号再与发射信号比较。发射信号与接收信号有一个相位关系，这种相位关系至少部分由发射器、接收器、及传感器的相互间隔决定。对任何特定的间隔，这种相位关系取决于驱动传感器的信号与响应驱动信号的传感器所产生的信号之间的相位关系。驱动信号与响应驱动信号的传感器所产生的信号之间的相位关系将以传感器的共振频率变化。
由于发射信号的频率变化，而发射器、接收器及传感器的距离基本上保持不变，因此，通过比较接收信号与发射信号，可以测定响应驱动信号的传感器所产生信号的相位变化。探测到共振时的发射器驱动传感器的频率就是传感器的共振频率，相应的，当共振按上文所述被测出时，通过确认哪一台发射器在驱动传感器，就可以直接得到共振频率。
驱动信号频率最好是被调频的射频信号，并具有能覆盖所预计的传感器共振频率的扫描范围。该信号最好是跨越发射器与传感器的间隙作为射频信号被发射，并通过一个与驱动/比较系统相关的天线及与传感器相关的天线发射。最好在驱动/比较系统中使用一根天线，用于向传感器发射驱动信号并从传感器接收合成信号。使用零拍接收器对比较发射和接收的信号是有效的。
本发明的第二个方面提供了确定无源传感器共振频率的方法，该方法包括：发射具有多个频率的射频信号到上述无源传感器；在发射射频信号的同时从所述无源传感器接收射频信号；将接收信号与发射的射频信号进行比较以确认接收的射频信号与发射的射频信号之间关系的特征变化，这种特征变化发生在以其共振频率驱动传感器的时刻；当这种比较指明该传感器以其共振频率被驱动时，确定发射的射频信号频率。
参照有关附图，对本发明的实施方案进行描述，其中：
图1是根据本发明的询问装置及相关无源传感器的方框图，和
图2是发射和接收信号装置的示意性的电路图。
根据本发明的询问装置的基本结构由图1的方框图及其附属图所示。该图显示了询问装置1利用射频信号与无源传感器例如：SAW器件，通讯。相应地，询问装置及无源传感器都装有相应的天线3、4。尽管图1中只示出一个单一的无源传感器2，但是根据本发明的无源传感器可用于询问多个传感器，这些传感器的类型可相同亦或不同。例如：高“Q”无源传感器(如：SAW器件)可以结合低“Q”无源传感器而被询问。
图1所示的询问装置结合RF源5以产生射频信号。RF源的运行频率可在工业科技医疗(ISM)频率范围之内(即：868MHz或2.45GHz)，或其它适合的频率。RF源产生的RF信号的性质由适当的处理器/控制器6确定。
根据处理器/控制器6的指令，将射频源5产生的射频信号发射到无源传感器2并通过可同时发射和接收射频信号的发射/接收(TX/RX)线路7询问该信号。
设置在图1询问装置中的TX/RX线路7由附图2示意性地示出。图2所示TX/RX线路7从RF源5接收RF输入8。该输入被送到定向耦合器9，而定向耦合器9将大部分RF信号传递至输出11，而将一小部分RF信号传递至输出10。经过输出13，输出11的大量信号通过正交混合器件12以给天线13提供驱动信号。
在耦合输出10的RF信号通过正交混合14给零拍检波器16提供一个输入参考信号。零拍检波器的其它输入从正交混合经过线路15被分流。正交混合12将接收信号从天线引导到零拍检波器的功率分配器。关于零拍检波器操作的有关进一步内容可参考由G Hygate与J F Nye所著的文章“采用光调制散射器的直接微波场测量”中的第703-709页，该文章发在1990年测量科技上(“Measuring microwavefield directly with an optically modulated scatter”by GHygate and J F Nye published in Measurement Science andTechnology 1990)。
无源传感器2产生的以响应由RF源5产生的驱动信号的射频信号，一经被询问装置接收，就通过TX/RX线路7与初始发射射频的输出信号结合。通常情况下，输出(如：发射)与输入(如：接收)信号的相位与/或振幅的比较是受到影响的。由TX/RX线路7产生的合成信号作为处理器/控制器6的输入被提供，而处理器/控制器6将确定无源传感器是否被其共振频率所驱动。
使用过程中，RF源5产生具有频率顺序范围的驱动信号，并跨越欲被询问的传感器的可能共振频率。所能产生的频率范围可为不同频率的分立的频率脉冲组或连续变化的频率。最好，RF源5产生被调频的RF信号，以给传感器提供基本连续并跨越传感器可能共振频率的连续驱动频率范围。
如果传感器2被比其共振频率小的频率驱动，为响应驱动信号而产生信号的相位将比驱动信号相位滞后。如果传感器2被比其共振频率大的频率驱动，为响应驱动信号而产生信号的相位将比驱动信号相位超前。在共振点，驱动信号与合成信号将同相位或180度反相。当发射信号扫过共振频率时，通过监测接收信号与发射信号的相位关系，那么在共振频率处的相位变化可被TX/RX线路7探测出。另外一种情况，从传感器2被TX/RX线路接收到的信号的振幅可与发射的驱动信号的振幅作比较。在共振点，接收信号的振幅将会减小，这可以通过比较接收与发射信号的振幅测出。这样，通过参考输出信号的频率并根据在询问状态下的特定无源传感器的校准数据，处理器/控制器即可确定共振频率并给出适当的参数测量值(如：温度)。
本发明并不仅局限于以上述的具体的实施方案和方法。对本技术领域的熟练人员，其它的安排及适用材料都将是明显的。
Claims (8)
1.包括无源表面声波器件和用于询问所述的表面声波器件设备的系统，其中所述设备包括：通过天线将具有多个频率的无线电信号发射至所述无源表面声波器件的装置；在发射信号同时，从所述无源表面声波器件接收信号的装置；将接收的信号与发射的信号进行比较以确认接收的信号与发射的信号之间关系的特征变化的装置，这种特征变化发生在以其共振频率驱动无源表面声波器件的时刻；当这种比较指明该无源表面声波器件以其共振频率被驱动时，确定发射的信号频率的装置。
2.根据权利要求1的系统，其中所述发射的信号是调频的射频信号，该信号的频率处于跨越所预期的无源表面声波器件共振频率的频率扫描范围。
3.根据权利要求1的系统，其中该发射的信号是包括若干脉冲的射频信号，这些脉冲具有跨越所预期的无源表面声波器件共振频率的分立频率的顺序范围。
4.根据上述任一权利要求的系统，其中所述无源表面声波器件包括一个天线。
5.根据权利要求1-3之一的系统，其中所述设备包括单个天线，该天线既用于向无源表面声波器件发射信号也用于从表面声波器件接收生成信号。
6.根据权利要求1-3之一的系统，其中发射与接收信号的比较是一种相位比较。
7.根据权利要求1-3之一的系统，其中发射与接收信号的比较是一种振幅比较。
8.根据权利要求1-3之一的系统，其中发射与接收信号的比较受到使用零拍接收器的影响。
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| CN1222756C true CN1222756C (zh) | 2005-10-12 |
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| GB (2) | GB9920762D0 (zh) |
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-
1999
- 1999-09-02 GB GBGB9920762.3A patent/GB9920762D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-09-04 DE DE60015986T patent/DE60015986T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-04 WO PCT/GB2000/003382 patent/WO2001016565A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-09-04 AU AU68589/00A patent/AU6858900A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-04 KR KR1020027002463A patent/KR20020038931A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2000-09-04 JP JP2001520071A patent/JP2003508739A/ja active Pending
- 2000-09-04 BR BR0013345-0A patent/BR0013345A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-09-04 EP EP00956724A patent/EP1206686B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-04 CA CA002381150A patent/CA2381150A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-04 AT AT00956724T patent/ATE282818T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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2002
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60015986D1 (de) | 2004-12-23 |
| CN1372630A (zh) | 2002-10-02 |
| GB0021648D0 (en) | 2000-10-18 |
| GB2356055A (en) | 2001-05-09 |
| JP2003508739A (ja) | 2003-03-04 |
| AU6858900A (en) | 2001-03-26 |
| EP1206686A1 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
| GB2356055B (en) | 2003-10-29 |
| WO2001016565A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
| KR20020038931A (ko) | 2002-05-24 |
| EP1206686B1 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
| US20020121988A1 (en) | 2002-09-05 |
| ATE282818T1 (de) | 2004-12-15 |
| BR0013345A (pt) | 2002-04-23 |
| GB9920762D0 (en) | 1999-11-03 |
| DE60015986T2 (de) | 2005-12-22 |
| US6765493B2 (en) | 2004-07-20 |
| CA2381150A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
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