CN1219215A - 燃气轮机的罩盖密封组件 - Google Patents

燃气轮机的罩盖密封组件 Download PDF

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CN1219215A
CN1219215A CN97194791A CN97194791A CN1219215A CN 1219215 A CN1219215 A CN 1219215A CN 97194791 A CN97194791 A CN 97194791A CN 97194791 A CN97194791 A CN 97194791A CN 1219215 A CN1219215 A CN 1219215A
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cover cap
sealing
annular space
separated
axial component
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CN1092750C (zh
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安东尼奥·皮齐
詹姆斯·C·克龙
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Pratt and Whitney Canada Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00Sealings
    • F16J15/02Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/08Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing
    • F16J15/0887Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing the sealing effect being obtained by elastic deformation of the packing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/005Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/246Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/10Stators
    • F05D2240/11Shroud seal segments

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于涡轮叶片尖端罩盖的密封组件,包含一个由单块金属板弯曲而制成的罩盖段间密封件,该密封件包含一个轴向部分和一个直立部分,可安装在每个罩盖段的端部侧壁上的槽中,该罩盖段有一个台面和若干沿径向伸展的肋板,而密封件的直立部分就压紧插在肋板上的槽中。还提供了一种密封圈,用于密封住罩盖与一个支撑结构间的接头,在该接头处形成了一个横截面为“L”形的环形空隙,密封圈为“C”形结构,“C”形结构的一条腿伸入“L”形空隙的一个轴向部分中。该腿上有一个波纹部分,波纹部分的各顶部分别与空隙的轴向部分上的相对的径向壁保持接触,从而在该接头处产生气体密封能力。

Description

燃气轮机的罩盖密封组件
本发明的技术背景
1、本发明的技术领域
本发明涉及燃气轮机,具体地讲,是涉及涡轮叶片罩盖密封组件,该密封组件可以减少发动机壳中环绕着各涡轮叶片的冷却气体的泄漏。
2、现有技术说明
现在已有各种尝试以提高环绕着涡轮叶片尖端的环形罩盖的密封性能。在一个航空发动机上,发动机壳包围着涡轮部分可以将冷却空气在该壳中输送至各零件,例如罩盖自身处。发动机的涡轮部分与发动机壳同心,并位于非常热的气体的通路上。而外围的发动机壳结构则需保持相对较低的温度。
用于罩住涡轮叶片尖端的环形罩盖通常在圆周方向上分段。在各罩盖段的端部要装有密封部件以防止气体从罩盖段的端部间的缝隙中泄漏出。1988年8月30日颁布的Clevenger等人的美国专利4,767,260和1992年10月27日颁布的Dixon等人的美国专利5,158,430中显示了位于涡轮叶片组件的各平台间的滑键式密封件的几种型式。1986年3月4日颁布的小Sandy等人的美国专利4,573,866中显示了一种位于叶片尖端罩盖的端部之间径向平面上的滑键式密封件的型式。1994年6月7日颁布的Bailey等人的美国专利5,318,402中显示了一个花键式或滑键式密封件与一个圆周方向的垫条将各罩盖与各滑键式密封件锁在一起的情况。
对于不同的罩盖与发动机壳结构,也可以采用不同的密封部件。例如,采用带有轴向部分的槽以实现槽式接头的结构时,通常会采用“C”形密封圈。在美国专利4,573,866中,就在这种槽中安装了波纹型密封圈。虽然这种密封圈的密封效果很好,但它们在径向受压时刚性较大,因此在发动机维修时不易拆卸下来。事实上,需要采用专用工具以更换这种密封件。
本发明概述
本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进的罩盖段间的密封件,这种密封件上包含一个轴向部分和一个径向部分。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种简单的单片密封件以密封沿圆周方向布置的各罩盖段的端部间的缝隙,从而减少冷却气体向热气通道中的泄漏。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种环形密封件以密封住由带一个轴向部分的环形凹槽所构成的环形接头。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种环形密封件,该密封件由金属板制成并可在径向压缩以方便安装。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种改进的密封结构,该密封结构可用于涡轮叶片尖端罩盖组件中。
根据本发明的一种结构上包含一个密封件,该密封件用于燃气涡轮机的涡轮叶片尖端罩盖中,而该罩盖则位于轴向热气通道与一个同心冷却空气通道之间,该冷却空气通道成形于罩盖与一个外壳之间。该罩盖由一组沿圆周方向布置的罩盖段组成,每个罩盖段上包含一个轴向平台以及至少一个由该平台上伸出的径向肋板。各罩盖的端部侧壁上均开有一个槽,该槽沿着平台与肋板的形状连续伸展。该密封件由一块板料制成并与端部侧壁上的连续槽的形状一致,这样,每个密封件上包含一个轴向部分和一个径向部分。
在一个根据本发明的更具体的实施例中,密封件上的径向竖直部分上的板料为两层,从而使该竖直部分具有弹性,从而磨擦约束于径向肋板上的侧壁内的槽中。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种密封圈用于燃气轮机中,以密封住位于两个环形发动机部件间的接头部分。在上述环形部件的轴向部分处会形成一个环形空隙,该轴向空隙由相隔开的两个径向壁构成。密封圈上有一个轴向部分,该轴向部分上有一个波纹部分,该波纹部分的一个顶部与两个相隔的壁中的一个接触,而另一个顶部则与两个相隔的壁中的另一个接触,这样可封闭该空隙,以防止接头任何一侧有气体流过,从而避免了泄漏;而波纹部分带有一个足够大的角度,从而使该密封圈可沿径向容易地压缩。
在一个根据本发明的更具体的实施例中,提供了一个密封圈用于一个燃气轮机的涡轮叶片尖端罩盖中。该罩盖位于轴向热气通道与一个冷却空气通道之间,该冷却空气通道成形于罩盖与一个外壳之间。该罩盖上包含一个沿轴向伸展的平台和至少一个沿径向伸展的肋板,肋板可以联接到外壳的支撑结构上。这样,在罩盖与外壳的支撑结构之间形成了一个环形空隙,该环形空隙中有一个轴向部分。该环形空隙由径向相隔并相对的壁确定,两个壁分别位于罩盖与支持结构上。密封圈就安装在该空隙中,密封圈上有一个“C”形部分,“C”形部分的一个腿沿轴向伸出,这样,“C”形部分的径向尺寸要大于该轴向腿。该“C”形部分位于空隙的径向部分中且其径向尺寸小于空隙的径向尺寸。密封圈的该腿部上带有一个波纹部分,波纹部分上有两个交替的顶部,二顶部分别与构成空隙的两个径向相隔且相对的壁保持接触,从而在罩盖与支撑结构的接头处构成气体密封,以防止冷却空气泄漏;而波形部分上包含的一个角部足够大,从而使密封圈可在径向容易地压缩。
附图简述
通过参考附图来对本发明的几个最佳实施例进行解释,可以使本发明的本质更加清楚。附图包括:
图1是部分拆开后的局部立体图,显示了根据本发明的一个方面的一个最佳实施例;
图2是图1中所示一个部件的前方正视图;
图3是局部沿横截面剖开的立体图,显示了根据本发明的另一个方面的一个最佳实施例;
图4是一个燃气轮机沿轴向剖开的横截面图,显示了根据本发明的一个结构详图;
图5是沿图4中所示剖切面剖开的放大了的局部横截面图,显示了图4中的一个部分。
最佳实施例说明
现在请参考各附图,特别是图1和图2,图中显示了一个发动机10中所采用的一个典型涡轮叶片罩盖12的结构。罩盖12上包含一组罩盖段12a…12n,各罩盖段沿圆周方向布置并与安装着各涡轮叶片38的转子(图1和图4)同心。
在图1中以数字12所代表的罩盖段上包含一个平台14和一对直立的肋板16与18,平台14由带轴向部分的大致环形板状件构成,肋板16、18上分别带有翻边20、22。肋板16、18以及相应翻边20、22用于支撑罩盖平台14,同时还用于确定冷却空气通道和腔室。如图4所示,翻边20、22还可用于将罩盖安装在发动机壳32与支撑结构36中,请见后文中的解释。发动机壳32的外壁34上可以带有一个通风口33,从而可使冷却空气进入支撑结构36与发动机壳32之间的空间内。支撑结构36上也带有一些通风口31,从而使冷却空气进入罩盖12与支撑结构36之间的环形通道35中。最后,在罩盖12上开有一些孔37,用于将冷却空气排入热气通道中。
为了实现段间密封,每个罩盖段12的各端部侧壁上分别开有一个连续的槽26,每个槽26上包含一个轴向部分26b和二径向部分26a、26c,二径向部分26a、26c分别开在肋板16、18上。密封件24由耐热合金板弯曲后制成,其上包含直立部分28、30和水平部分25、27,各水平部分与平台14相对应。当然,密封件24可以由任何适合的耐热材料挤压或模注成形而成。
每个直立部分28、30上分别包含腿28a、28b、30a、30b,这些腿微微张开并比相应槽宽些,如图2所示。这种结构可使直立部分28和30具有一定程度的弹性,这样,在将密封件24插入罩盖12端部的槽26中时,需将直立部分28和30捏紧以插入直立槽段26a和26c中,以使密封件24插紧在槽26内。由于这种弹性,在维修时可以容易地组装与拆卸各罩盖段并更换密封件24。
本发明的另一个方面如图3至5所示。图4中显示了发动机10的涡轮部分,除了涡轮叶片38以外,还画出了静叶片42和44。每个静叶片上安装着一个罩盖12,该罩盖用于环绕着各涡轮叶片38的尖端40。
如图4、5所示,发动机壳32中的支撑结构36支撑着罩盖12。例如,罩盖12的翻边22可以支撑在支撑结构36的翻边47上。同样,翻边20也由支撑结构36的翻边支撑着。肋板16、18以及支撑结构36可以形成一些围绕着罩盖的冷却道。在冷却道64中的压缩空气与冷却道66中的不同,因此,这些不同的冷却道或腔室必须密封住。
一个密封圈46安装在由翻边47形成的环形槽46中。在此,插入翻边22后,槽48呈“L”形并包含一个轴向部分48a和一个径向部分48b。密封圈46上包含一个“C”形部分52,该部分52的径向尺寸比槽48的径向部分48b小一些。“C”形部分52上包含腿54和56。腿54的延伸部分上带有波形的角部,从而形成波形部分58,波形部分58上带有顶部60和62。臂部58a、58b间的夹角为钝角。该角也可以是锐角,但其尺寸应足够大,以使密封圈可以容易地沿径向压缩。
波形部分58的结构特点是,顶部60和62之间的径向长度大于槽48的壁36a、22a之间的径向长度。密封圈46可由弹性耐热材料或合金材料制成,以使它与相面对的壁22a、36a之间保持连续的弹性接触。这样,波形部分58弹性安装在槽48内,而顶部60和62则与相对的壁22a、36a保持连续接触。
这样,在装配时,可以先将密封圈容易地放入槽48中,再将罩盖翻边22插进去。密封圈46可以制成连续不间断的形状以插入槽48中。
如图所示,翻边22可以在端部制成楔形,这样可以插入已经放置在槽48中的弹性密封圈46内。波形部分58的径向弹性作用可以使翻边22容易插入,并可在维修时取下罩盖后能容易地更换密封圈46。
因此,密封件24和密封圈46与罩盖12的配合使得各密封部件可以容易组装,并使得罩盖12的维修极为方便。

Claims (13)

1、一种密封件,适用于燃气轮机的涡轮叶片尖端罩盖中,该罩盖位于一个轴向热气通道和一个冷却空气通道之间,该冷却空气通道成形于罩盖与一个外壳之间;该罩盖由一组沿圆周方向布置的罩盖段组成,每个罩盖段上包含一个轴向平台以及至少一个由该平台上伸出的径向肋板;罩盖段上具有端部侧壁,每个端部侧壁上分别开有一个槽,该槽沿着平台以及肋板的形状连续伸展;该密封件包括由单独的一块板料制成的元件,在其端部侧壁上形成连续的槽结构,这样,每个密封件的一部分为轴向部分而另一部分为径向部分。
2、根据权利要求1的用于涡轮叶片尖端罩盖中的密封件,其中,构成密封件的板料是由耐热材料制成,且形状与直立肋板相似,即带有一对岔开的弹性腿,从而使该密封件可弹性受压并牢固安装在罩盖段的端部侧壁上的槽中。
3、根据权利要求2的密封件,其中,所用材料是一种耐热弹性合金,并通过弯曲成形而制成所需形状。
4、根据权利要求2的用于燃气轮机中的密封件,其中,该罩盖上有一对相隔且平行的直立肋板从平台上伸出,连续的槽伸入各罩盖段的两个肋板中,而构成密封件的板件上包含一对平行且外形大致相同并相隔的直立部分,二直立部分均带有弹性,从而可以将密封件安装在各罩盖段的端部侧壁上的连续槽中。
5、一种用于燃气轮机中的密封件,可以密封往两个环形发动机部件间的一个接头,位于二部件间的接头包含一个环形空隙,该环形空隙由一个轴向部分和一个径向部分组成,每个部分均是由径向相隔的壁构成;其中,该密封件上有一个“C”形部分,“C”形部分上有一个径向伸展部分,该径向伸展部分小于环形空隙的径向部分上的壁间尺寸,从而可以安装在该径向部分中;“C”形部分的一个腿在环形空隙的轴向部分中沿轴向延伸,腿上有一个波纹部分,波纹部分的一个顶部与环形空隙的轴向部分上的两个相隔的壁中的一个保持接触,而另一个顶部则与环形空隙的轴向部分上的两个相隔的壁中的另一个保持接触,这样,该空隙被密封住,从而防止了接头任一侧流动着的气体的泄漏。
6、根据权利要求5的用于燃气轮机的密封件,其中,密封件是一个不间断的密封圈。
7、一种用于燃气轮机的密封圈,用于密封住两个环形发动机部件间的一个接头,位于二部件间的接头包含一个环形空隙,该环形空隙包含一个轴向部分,该轴向部分具有两个相对的径向相隔的壁;其中,该密封圈具有一个轴向部分,该轴向部分具有一个波纹部分,该波纹部分具有交替的顶部,该波纹部分上构成一个角部,该角部足够大以使密封圈沿径向压缩,从而使各顶部与环形空隙上的相对的、径向相隔的壁保持接触,从而在该接头处提供气体密封。
8、根据权利要求7的用于燃气轮机中的密封件,其中,环形空隙还包含一个径向部分,该径向部分具有相对的、径向相隔的壁,该密封圈具有一个“C”形部分,该“C”形部分具有一个径向伸展部分,该径向伸展部分小于环形空隙的径向部分的壁间尺寸,从而可以安装在该径向部分中;密封圈的的轴向部分包含一个“C”形腿,该腿在环形空隙的轴向部分中沿轴向延伸,该腿上有一个波纹部分,该波纹部分上有一个顶部与环形空隙的轴向部分上的两个相隔的壁中的一个保持接触,而另一个顶部则与环形空隙的轴向部分上的两个相隔的壁中的另一个保持接触,这样,该空隙被密封住,从而防止了接头任一侧流动着的气体的泄漏。
9、根据权利要求8的密封圈,其是由一种耐热的弹性材料制成。
10、根据权利要求9的密封圈,其是由一块耐热合金板料弯曲成形而制成。
11、一种密封圈,适用于燃气轮机的涡轮叶片尖端罩盖中,该燃气轮机中带有一个热气通道和一个外壳,该罩盖位于该热气通道和一个冷却空气通道之间,该冷却空气通道成形于罩盖与外壳之间;该罩盖包含一个沿圆周方向伸展的平台,该平台安装在外壳中的支撑结构上,从而在罩盖与支撑结构间形成一个环形空隙,该空隙包含有一个轴向部分并由两个相对的、径向相隔的壁构成,这两个壁分别位于罩盖和支撑结构上;该密封圈上有一个轴向伸出部分,该轴向伸出部分上有一个波纹部分,波纹部分上带有交替的顶点,该纹部分上构成一个角部,该角部足够大以使密封圈沿径向压缩,从而使各顶部与环形空隙上的相对的、径向相隔的壁保持接触,以在罩盖与支撑结构间的接头处气体密封。
12、一种密封圈,适用于燃气轮机的涡轮叶片尖端罩盖中,该燃气轮机中带有一个热气通道和一个外壳,该罩盖位于该热气通道和一个冷却空气通道之间,该冷却空气通道成形于罩盖与外壳之间;该罩盖上包含一个沿圆周方向伸展的平台,该平台安装在外壳中的支撑结构上,从而在罩盖与支撑结构之间形成一个环形空隙,该空隙包含有一个轴向部分和一个径向部分并由两个相对的、径向相隔的壁构成,这两个壁分别位于罩盖和支撑结构上;该密封圈上有一个“C”形部分,该“C”形部分的径向尺寸大于上述沿圆周方向伸展的平台的径向尺寸但小于空隙的径向尺寸,从而使该“C”形部分安装在环形空隙的径向部分中;该密封圈的“C”形部分上有一个腿沿轴向伸入该环形空气的轴向部分中,该腿上有一个波纹部分,该波纹部分上带有交替的顶点,这些顶点用于与环形空隙上的相对的、径向相隔的壁保持接触,从而使罩盖与支撑结构间的接头处有气体密封能力。
13、根据权利要求12的密封圈,其是由一块弹性耐热合金板料弯曲成形而制成。
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WO1997044570A1 (en) 1997-11-27
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JP2006342811A (ja) 2006-12-21
JP3947227B2 (ja) 2007-07-18
US5762472A (en) 1998-06-09
CN1092750C (zh) 2002-10-16
CZ292410B6 (cs) 2003-09-17
CZ369898A3 (cs) 1999-04-14
EP0900323A1 (en) 1999-03-10
RU2169846C2 (ru) 2001-06-27
US5988975A (en) 1999-11-23
DE69706163D1 (de) 2001-09-20
CA2255077C (en) 2007-09-25
JP2000511256A (ja) 2000-08-29
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US5738490A (en) 1998-04-14
PL192923B1 (pl) 2006-12-29

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