CN1218842A - Superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel - Google Patents
Superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN1218842A CN1218842A CN 97107803 CN97107803A CN1218842A CN 1218842 A CN1218842 A CN 1218842A CN 97107803 CN97107803 CN 97107803 CN 97107803 A CN97107803 A CN 97107803A CN 1218842 A CN1218842 A CN 1218842A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high-carbon high-speed steel, especially a kind of superhard steel containing aluminium RE, Ti and B. with nor or less metallographic tissue defects, such as mix crystal, coarse carbide grains, inclusion, and free ferrite, which exist in available aluminium-containing high-speed steel in relatively high amount, the said steel has red hardness, wear resistance, high-temperature plasticity and normal temperature toughness superior to available aluminium-containing high-speed steel. Specially, cutting tools manufactured with the said steel have service life and its dispersively capable of meeting the requirement of large-scale machining, so that it is especially suitable for machining cutting tools for cutting stainless steel, high-temperature alloy, quenched and tempered alloy steel and other hardworking metal material.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of high carbon high-speed steel, especially a kind of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel that contains aluminium, rare earth element, titanium, boron simultaneously.This steel main application is a making machine cutting cutlery, is used to cut stainless steel cutting-resistant metal materials such as superalloy and modified steel alloy.
Under normal conditions, it is that the cobalt of representative is a rapid steel that the machine of cutting-resistant metal materials such as making is used to cut stainless steel, superalloy and modified steel alloy adopts with M42 mostly with cutlery, because cobalt is that rapid steel must add the cobalt up to 5-12% (weight %), and the price of cobalt is very expensive, and making cobalt is that the cost of rapid steel can't reduce.A kind of cobalt that can substitute is all tried hard to seek in countries in the world on performance be rapid steel and the lower novel high speed steel of cost, and aluminium-containing high speed steel is exactly one of them.
Existing standard GB 9943-88 provides a kind of aluminium-containing high speed steel, and it represents the trade mark is W
6Mo
5Cr
4V
2Al is called for short M
2Al.This steel replaces expensive cobalt with cheap aluminium, making the cost of this aluminium-containing high speed steel is that rapid steel reduces significantly than cobalt, the machine of making of this aluminium-containing high speed steel with cutlery cut stainless steel, cutting-resistant metal materials such as superalloy, modified steel alloy, the cutting ability of its single-piece cutlery and cobalt are that rapid steel is suitable.But this aluminium-containing high speed steel exists fatal deficiency, mainly show: be easy to occur mixed crystal, carbide particle is thick, inclusion is on the high side and have metallographic structure defectives such as a considerable amount of free ferrites, cause instability in work-ing life with the cutting cutlery of this steel work, work-ing life, the dispersity of value was big, can not satisfy big industrial production well to cutting cutlery value in work-ing life, the requirement that is worth dispersity work-ing life, therefore limit the range of application and the use value of this aluminium-containing high speed steel, especially made the cutlery of making of this aluminium-containing high speed steel in use be restricted.
The objective of the invention is to avoid above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel is provided.The cost of this superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel is suitable with existing aluminium-containing high speed steel, being significantly less than cobalt is rapid steel, and simultaneously this superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel overcomes or improved that mixed crystal, carbide particle that existing aluminium-containing high speed steel exists are thick, inclusion is on the high side and have metallographic structure defective such as a considerable amount of free ferrites.Be worth key index such as dispersity value in work-ing life, the work-ing life of the cutting cutlery of making of this superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel and all be better than existing aluminium-containing high speed steel greatly, can satisfy well that making is used to cut stainless steel, the requirement of cutting-resistant metal material cutleries such as superalloy and modified steel alloy.
Design philosophy of the present invention is: with carbon, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, add aluminium simultaneously in the high carbon high-speed steel that fundamental elements such as vanadium are formed, rare earth element, titanium and boron, microalloying effect by these alloying elements makes it to reach the mixed crystal of eliminating or improving existing aluminium-containing high speed steel existence, carbide particle is thick, inclusion is on the high side, the more metallographic structure defective that waits of free ferrite quantity, and then make the red hardness of steel, wear resistance, high-temp plastic and normal temperature toughness are improved, show in the use of the cutting cutlery of doing with this steel, make the value in work-ing life of this cutlery exactly, being worth dispersity work-ing life has tangible improvement.
The Chemical Composition of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention is: (weight %) carbon: 0.90-1.35% tungsten: 5.50-6.50% molybdenum: 4.50-5.50% chromium: 3.50-4.50% vanadium: 1.65-2.20% aluminium: 0.80-2.00% rare earth: 0.005-0.20% titanium: 0.05-0.30% boron: 0.001-0.05% is surplus to be iron and impurity
The effect of each chemical element and utilization principle are as follows:
Carbon: carbon is one of basic element of rapid steel, and carbide forming element combines and forms various alloy carbides and make its reasonable distribution by hot-work and thermal treatment in it and the steel, and every performance of rapid steel is produced the most basic influence.Carbon content is crossed the low wear resistance of steel and the cutting ability of will making and is reduced, the too high toughness and the forgeability that can reduce steel again of carbon content, and when quenching heating, produce various harmful structures, cause every degradation.The content of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel regulation carbon of the present invention is 0.90-1.35%.(weight %)
Tungsten: tungsten is one of main alloy element that forms in carbide in rapid steel, forms M under original as-annealed condition
6C partly dissolves during quenching, during tempering with M
2The C state is separated out, and produces the secondary hardening effect.Part tungsten is stayed the middle mutually temper resistance that improves steel of α after the tempering.Remaining M
6The C carbide reaches the effect of crystal grain thinning.The content of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel regulation tungsten of the present invention is 5.50-6.50%.(weight %)
Molybdenum: effect and the tungsten of molybdenum in rapid steel is similar, also is one of main alloy element that forms alloy carbide.Can form M
eC and M
23C
eIn carbide.Simultaneously, molybdenum also is a ferrite former; Can improve the A of steel
ClPoint, reduction M
sPoint, reinforcement matrix, raising recrystallization temperature, crisp susceptibility and the increase temper resistance of reduction tempering, and can the refining eutectic ledeburite.The content of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel regulation molybdenum of the present invention is 4.50-5.50%.(weight %)
Chromium: chromium also is one of main alloy element that forms in the rapid steel in carbide, and its effect in steel is hardening capacity, tempered-hardness, oxidation-resistance and the resistance to corrosion that improves steel.But the hot and cold plasticity that adds affiliation reduction steel of chromium.The content of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel regulation chromium of the present invention is 3.50-4.50%.(weight %)
Vanadium: vanadium is one of the most stable formation carbide element in rapid steel, most VC or V of forming
4C
3, when quench hot, partly dissolve in austenite less, when tempering, produce sclerization.The VC that remains increases the wear resisting property of steel.The content of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel regulation vanadium of the present invention is 1.65-2.20%.(weight %)
Aluminium: aluminium is the element of solid solution in matrix.Its effect is:
1, promotes diffusion carbide to separate out, delay it and grow up, play the effect of the red hardness that improves steel.
2, increase carbide rimose critical size, reduce making cutlery shift to an earlier date the tendency of tipping because of carbide particle is thick.
3, reduce the steel surface coefficient of friction effectively, reduce the cutlery that causes because of the adhesion effect that is cut workpiece and cutlery and destroy.
Since aluminium add that affiliation causes mixed crystal, carbide particle is thick, inclusion is on the high side and free ferrite quantity such as increases at the metallographic structure defective, add-on that therefore should strict control aluminium.The content of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel regulation aluminium of the present invention is: 0.80-2.00%.(weight %)
Rare earth element: the effect that rare earth element adds is:
1, stops the gathering of diffusion carbide to be grown up, further improve the red hardness of steel.
2, the carbide big particle that the adding owing to aluminium is occurred obtains refinement, further reduces the tendency that cutlery shifts to an earlier date tipping.
3, play desulfurization and inclusion modifying function in the smelting process of steel, improve the high-temp plastic and the normal temperature toughness of steel, the existence that reduces owing to inclusion causes cutlery to shift to an earlier date the deleterious effect of tipping.
4, improve the oxidation-resistance of steel.
The content of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel regulation rare earth of the present invention is 0.005-0.20%.(weight %)
Titanium: the carbon in titanium and the steel, nitrogen form stable carbon, nitrogen compound, and it is as a kind of non-spontaneous core, play the effect of the open grain structure that refinement occurs because of the adding of aluminium.Reach the elimination mixed crystal, the purpose of crystal grain thinning.The adding of titanium simultaneously makes this superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel all grain coarsening can not take place in the quenching temperature scope of 1200-1240 ℃ of broad, can coarse-grain not appear because of quenching again or reheating, so both reduce the heat treatment deformation in the cutlery manufacturing processed, also avoided the cutlery tipping that causes because of crystal grain is thick.Therefore, no matter be Metallurgical Factory or cutlery manufactory, all need not to come crystal grain thinning by high temperature annealing again, reduced the difficulty of production technique, reduced the production technique cost.
On the other hand, slag iron was regardless of when too much titanium will cause pouring into a mould, and formed subsurface inclusion, reduced the ingot quality of steel, and then influenced forging quality.Therefore, the content of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel regulation titanium of the present invention is 0.05-0.30%.(weight %)
Boron: the main effect that boron adds in the steel is:
1, suppress ferrite core the growing up of austenite grain boundary and sulfide phase boundary, reduce owing to add the free ferrite quantity that aluminium produces in the steel, when reducing cutlery and using in the tipping phenomenon of free ferrite district generation.
2, reduce the free ferrite district and will enlarge the austenitic area, improve the homogeneity of carbon distribution, reduce because residual austenite is decomposed insufficient the processing performance of steel and the disadvantageous effect in work-ing life.
The content of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel regulation boron of the present invention is 0.001-0.05%.(weight %)
The comprehensive action that superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention adds above-mentioned alloying element simultaneously is: on the basis that keeps existing aluminium-containing high speed steel good characteristic, carry out microalloying by adding alloying elements such as an amount of aluminium, rare earth, iron, boron simultaneously, overcome or improve and existing close that mixed crystal, carbide particle that the aluminium rapid steel exists are thick, inclusion is on the high side and have metallographic structure defective such as a considerable amount of free ferrites, reach red hardness, wear resistance, high-temp plastic and the normal temperature flexible purpose of further raising steel.And then improve cutlery value in work-ing life, reduce cutlery and be worth dispersity work-ing life.
The manufacture method of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention is: starting material are rapid steel returns, technically pure iron, aluminium block, rare earth, molybdenum-iron, ferrotianium, ferrotungsten, vanadium iron, ferrochrome and ferro-boron etc.Adopt electric arc furnace or induction furnace to smelt.Steel ingot is through forging, rolling acquisition finished steel.
Superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel production technique of the present invention and existing aluminium-containing high speed steel are basic identical.But because superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention quenches and mixed crystal do not occur, therefore can cancel the high temperature annealing that carries out for crystal grain thinning between 1200-1240 ℃, only need carry out conventional phase transformation Spheroidizing Annealing and get final product.Thereby compare with existing aluminium-containing high speed steel, reduced the production technique cost, be more suitable in industrial-scale production.
The description of the drawings of the present invention:
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are respectively superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention and existing aluminium-containing high speed steel W
6Mo
5Cr
4V
2The grain fineness number picture of Al after 1230 ℃ of quenchings.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are respectively superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention and existing aluminium-containing high speed steel W
6Mo
5Cr
4V
2The carbide particle degree picture of Al.
Fig. 5 is superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention and existing aluminium-containing high speed steel W
6Mo
5Cr
4V
2The quenching grain fineness number of Al is with the correlation curve of quenching temperature Changing Pattern.
Below in conjunction with embodiment superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention is further described.
The Chemical Composition of embodiment steel is that table 1 is listed, and table 1 has also provided existing aluminium-containing high speed steel W simultaneously
6Mo
6Cr
4V
2The Chemical Composition of Al.
Table 1
| Steel grade | ???C | ????S | ????P | ????W | ???Mo | ???Cr | ????V | ????Al | ???Re | ???Ti | ????B | Fe and impurity |
| The embodiment of the invention | ?1.07 | ?0.005 | ?0.028 | ?6.10 | ?5.20 | ?3.96 | ?1.97 | ?1.14 | ?0.05 | ?0.12 | ?0.004 | Surplus |
| The M2Al rapid steel | ?1.11 | ?0.005 | ?0.030 | ?6.35 | ?5.20 | ?4.15 | ?2.10 | ?0.98 | ???- | ???- | ??- | Surplus |
The smelting starting material of embodiment steel are: rapid steel returns, technically pure iron, aluminium block, ferrotungsten, molybdenum-iron, ferro-boron, ferrotianium, vanadium iron, ferrochrome, rare earth.Smelt with 150 kilograms of induction furnaces, it is that 25 millimeters round steel is the finished product material that steel ingot forges into diameter through 700 kilograms of forging hammers.
Embodiment steel sampling carrying out carbide particle degree is detected and the heat treatment performance experiment, and it detects and experimental result is listed in table 2, table 3.Table 2, table 3 have also provided existing aluminium-containing high speed steel W simultaneously
6Mo
5Cr
4V
2The carbide particle degree of Al and heat treatment performance test-results.
Table 2
| Steel grade | 0.005mm≤carbide size≤0.01mm | 0.01mm＜carbide size≤0.015mm |
| The embodiment of the invention | ????????????11 | ???????????????1 |
| The M2Al rapid steel | ?????????????8 | ???????????????7 |
| The sample condition is: diameter D=25 millimeter; Forging ratio Y stretches=and 23 | ||
Table 3
| Steel grade | Quenching temperature (℃) | Quenching hardness HRC | 540 ℃ of HRC of tempered-hardness | Age hardening effect HRC | 600 ℃ * 4h red hardness HRC | Grain fineness number (level) |
| The embodiment of the invention | ???1230 | ?64.6 | ?67.6 | ????3 | ????62.7 | 11-10??? |
| The M2Al rapid steel | ???1230 | ?64.5 | ?67.1 | ????2.6 | ????61.6 | 11-4 |
The cutting cutlery of doing with the embodiment steel carries out the cutting ability test, and its test-results is listed in table 4.Table 4 has also provided simultaneously with existing aluminium-containing high speed steel W
6Mo
5Cr
4V
2The cutting ability test-results of the cutting cutlery that Al makes under equal test conditions.The greatest wear value of blade only is equivalent to use W during the milling cutter cutting sample to 11 that this presentation of results is made of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention meter
6Mo
5Cr
4V
2Blade greatest wear value during the milling cutter cutting sample to 8 that the Al rapid steel is made meter, the former use poison life is higher more than 20% than the latter.
Table 4
Compared with prior art, superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, owing to add simultaneously the Microalloying Effect of the alloying elements such as aluminium, rare earth, titanium, boron, superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention has made in the existing aluminium-containing high speed steel ubiquitous mixed crystal problem be able to the garden and has completely solved. The thick problem of carbide particle improves, the illeffects of free ferrite and field trash is reduced, the double action of the red hardness of aluminium and RE Elements on Steel is given full play to, and the important performances such as the red hardness of steel, wearability, high-temp plastic, normal temperature toughness are improved significantly. Especially the service life of cutlery value, be worth service life the important indicator such as decentralization be improved significantly.
2, because superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention has solved the multiple metallographic structure defective that existing aluminium-containing high speed steel exists well, it is quenched between 1200-1240 ℃ mixed crystal can not occur, thereby to have cancelled existing aluminium-containing high speed steel from production technology be crystal grain thinning and the high annealing that must carry out only need carry out conventional phase transformation spheroidizing and get final product. Make the makers' production cost of metallurgical works and cutlery all than making and using existing aluminium-containing high speed steel lower.
Although the existing aluminium-containing high speed steel of 3 superhard aluminium-containing high speed steels of the present invention contains more alloying element, the alloying element gross weight less than 0.4% that increases, the cost of raw material increases few. Owing to cancelled high annealing, make the production technology cost, are worth simultaneously decentralization etc. in service life value, service life and compare with existing aluminium-containing high speed steel and breakthrough improvement is arranged, so that the price mass ratio of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention is more excellent.
4, make of superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel of the present invention be used for cutting stainless steel, the cutting cutlery of the cutting-resistant metal material such as high temperature alloy, service life, value was than existing aluminium-containing high speed steel improve 20%.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of high carbon high-speed steel is characterized in that the Chemical Composition of this steel is: (weight %) carbon: 0.90-1.35% tungsten: 5.50-6.50% molybdenum: 4.50-5.50% chromium: 3.50-4.50% vanadium: 1.65-2.20% aluminium: 0.80-2.00% rare earth: 0.005-0.20% titanium: 0.05-0.30% boron: 0.001-0.05% is surplus to be iron and impurity.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97107803A CN1063233C (en) | 1997-12-05 | 1997-12-05 | Superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97107803A CN1063233C (en) | 1997-12-05 | 1997-12-05 | Superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel |
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|---|---|
| CN1218842A true CN1218842A (en) | 1999-06-09 |
| CN1063233C CN1063233C (en) | 2001-03-14 |
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ID=5169890
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97107803A Expired - Fee Related CN1063233C (en) | 1997-12-05 | 1997-12-05 | Superhard aluminium-containing high speed steel |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104532134A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-22 | 无锡伊诺永利文化创意有限公司 | High-speed steel |
| CN108642402A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-10-12 | 湘潭大学 | Novel aluminum nitride dispersion-strengtherning powder metallurgy aluminium high-speed steel and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1211332A1 (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1986-02-15 | Институт Металлургии Им.50-Летия Ссср | High-speed steel |
-
1997
- 1997-12-05 CN CN97107803A patent/CN1063233C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104532134A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-22 | 无锡伊诺永利文化创意有限公司 | High-speed steel |
| CN108642402A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-10-12 | 湘潭大学 | Novel aluminum nitride dispersion-strengtherning powder metallurgy aluminium high-speed steel and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1063233C (en) | 2001-03-14 |
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