CN101586214A - High-hardness high-wear-resistant powder metallurgy high-speed steel - Google Patents
High-hardness high-wear-resistant powder metallurgy high-speed steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN101586214A CN101586214A CNA2009100745653A CN200910074565A CN101586214A CN 101586214 A CN101586214 A CN 101586214A CN A2009100745653 A CNA2009100745653 A CN A2009100745653A CN 200910074565 A CN200910074565 A CN 200910074565A CN 101586214 A CN101586214 A CN 101586214A
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- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 46
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 46
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012387 aerosolization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000592 Ferroniobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001145 Ferrotungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010038629 Molybdoferredoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Mo] Chemical compound [Fe].[Mo] HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- ZFGFKQDDQUAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron niobium Chemical compound [Fe].[Fe].[Nb] ZFGFKQDDQUAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002271 resection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to high-performance high-speed steel, and particularly to a high-hardness high-wear-resistant powder metallurgy high-speed steel which is manufactured according to a power metallurgy method and contains Al. The high-speed steel is composed of C, Si, Cr, Mo, V, W, Nb, Mn, Co, Al, Fe and impurities. The high-speed steel manufactured according to the technical solution has the following advantages: more than 67.5HRC of quenching-tempering hardness, better red hardness and wear resistance, stronger bending strength and lower cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high speed steel, especially a kind of high-hardness high-wear-resistant powder metallurgy high-speed steel that contains Al that adopts the powder metallurgy process manufacturing.
Background technology
The research and development of p/m high speed steel start from nineteen sixty-five, and drop into industrialness production in succession by U.S. Crucible factory and Sweden Stora factory (now belong to French Erasteel company) the seventies in 20th century, what the main technique route adopted is " aerosolization powder process+HIP hip moulding+finish forge " technology.The rapid steel of powder metallurgical technique production can be removed nearly all impurity in the steel, further improve toughness of material, significantly improve the anti-tipping blade ability of cutter, it has not only solved the carbide that exists in traditional metallurgical technology and has organized thick problem, but also has opened up that a general cast forging process is difficult to or the new way of rapid steel that can not fertile superelevation alloy content.At present, there are 3～5 families in external representational p/m high speed steel manufacturing enterprise, there are French Erasteel and Austrian Bohler company in the factory of the level that is in a leading position, and its mainstream product has: S390, the S290 etc. of ASP2030, the ASP2060 of French Erasteel company, ASP2080 and Austrian Bohler company.
Iron and Steel Research Geueral Inst had once been developed T15 p/m high speed steel steel ingot during " six or five " at home, make China obtain certain progress aspect the p/m high speed steel production, had many research units to carry out the research work of powder rapid steel afterwards, but performance does not still reach corresponding requirements yet.Fast development along with China's modernization of industry technology, especially in production such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, steamer, steam turbine, automobiles at the cutter that not only needs large-scale, globality and complicated shape aspect the processing and manufacturing, and the High-speed Machining Technology of constantly development and increasing difficult machining of special material, the performance of cutter material etc. has also been proposed more and more high requirement.
Because carbide particle is tiny and be evenly distributed in the p/m high speed steel, therefore the common rapid steel identical with carbide content compared, and its obdurability improves greatly.Rely on this advantage, the p/m high speed steel cutter is suitable for cutting and impacts greatly and the high processing occasion (as deflection cutting, interrupted cut etc.) of metal resection rate very much.In addition, because the obdurability of p/m high speed steel can not weaken because of the increase of metallic carbide content, so the steel manufacturer can add a large amount of alloying elements in steel, with the performance of raising cutter material.
Chinese invention patent ZL98121315.4 (notification number is CN1215091) discloses a kind of high hardness powder metallurgy high-speed steel article, the essentially consist of this steel part comprises with weight %: 2.4～3.9 carbon, 0.8 following manganese, 0.8 following silicon, 3.75～4.75 chromium, 9.0～11.5 tungsten, 4.75～10.75 molybdenum, 4.0 the niobium of～10.0 vanadium and 8.5～16.0 cobalt and optional 2.0～4.0, adopt this technical scheme, make the high-speed steel article of production have high rigidity and high-wearing feature, but because in the technical program, adopted high-load precious metal element cobalt (8.5～16.0%), make the cost of this steel part significantly improve, therefore, cause this p/m high speed steel price more expensive, generally be about 2～5 times of common rapid steel, therefore, the p/m high speed steel of this similar technology also can not get popularizing in an all-round way.
Summary of the invention
Be to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind ofly, have the p/m high speed steel of high rigidity, high-wearing feature making full use of resource, effectively reducing on the cost basis.
For achieving the above object, high-hardness high-wear-resistant powder metallurgy high-speed steel of the present invention, it prepares by powder metallurgic method, and it has following chemical composition, in weight %, contains:
C:1～2.5, Si:0～1.2, Cr:3.5～4.5, Mo:2～5, V:2～5, W:6～12, Nb:0～1, Mn:0～0.8, Co:0～5, Al:0.2～1.5, surplus is iron and impurity.
As the chemical composition optimum ratio of such scheme, described chemical composition contains in weight %:
C:1.7～1.9, Si:0.9～1.1, Cr:3.8～4.2, Mo:2.5～3.5, V:2.5～4.9, W:11～12, Nb:0.4～0.8, Mn:0～0.8, Co:0～5.0, Al:0.4～1.4, surplus is iron and impurity.
The shared preferred weight percent of above-mentioned Al is 0.7～1.3.
The shared optimum weight per-cent of above-mentioned Al is 1.2.
Adopt technique scheme, its effect is as follows:
1, cobalt, aluminium all are non-carbide forming elements, can both improve the transformation temperature of steel and when tempering the amount of diffusion-precipitation carbide, the thermotolerance of steel is had very significantly effect.But cobalt can reduce the hot and cold plasticity of steel and increase fragility, and costs an arm and a leg, and is used for substituting expensive Co wholly or in part to reduce cost so add part A l in the present invention, simultaneously can be favourable to the hot and cold plasticity and the toughness of steel.Aluminium has increased the activity of carbon in austenite, thereby help the poly-partially of carbon atom, and then increased the nucleation rate of carbide, improved the quantity of the diffusion carbide that steel separates out when tempering, the final age hardening effect that improves, aluminium and iron and alloying element have stronger interaction on the other hand, can reduce the activity of alloying element in austenite such as W, Mo, Cr, V, thereby reduce the spread coefficient of alloying element in austenite, also just reduced the coarsening rate of carbide, stop growing up of carbide, finally improved the red hardness of steel.But the adding of aluminium can not be excessive, and the mixed crystal proneness that too much aluminium can increase steel increases free ferrite simultaneously, thereby have influence on the work-ing life that the final tissue of steel has reduced cutter.Therefore, based on above-mentioned consideration, aluminium content is 0.2～1.5% among the present invention, and preferred weight percent content is 0.7～1.3%, and the optimum weight degree is 1.2%;
2, tungsten, molybdenum all are the principal elements that rapid steel forms carbide, it mainly acts on is to form some amount to be difficult to the dissolved primary carbide, make steel can accept the quench hot of nearly fusing point, and improve the wear resistance of steel, and the proeutectoid carbide of formation q.s, by the martensite of the high temperature solid solution quenching high W of acquisition (Mo), during latter's tempering, the formed M of W (Mo)
2The precipitation of C and MC is the principal element of secondary hardening and red hardness.But tungsten, molybdenum have characteristics separately, this patent utilizes wolfram steel higher melt and wolfram varbide higher hardness, selection improves the superheated susceptivity of this steel grade, anti-decarburization, red hardness and wear resistance than high W content, select lower molybdenum content, in the hardening capacity that increases steel, can reduce superheated susceptivity and the decarburizing tendency of Mo to steel.Therefore, based on above-mentioned consideration, among the present invention W content 6～12%, molybdenum content is 2.5～3.5%, preferred W content is 11～12%.
3, vanadium, niobium all form highly stable carbide in rapid steel, and it mainly acts on is wear resistance, the red hardness that has improved steel, improves temper resistance and produces the secondary hardening effect.Common casting is forged the rapid steel vanadium generally at 1-3%, also not too influences grindability and can arrive 5% with rapid steel vanadium (or the vanadium+niobium) content that powder metallurgy process is made, and based on above-mentioned consideration, content of vanadium is 2～5% among the present invention, and preferred content is 4～5%.And the carbide fusing point of niobium and niobium adds a spot of niobium except that improving wear resistance than the carbonization object height of vanadium and vanadium, can also stop grain growth, and therefore, content of niobium is 0～1.0% among the present invention, and preferred content is 0.4～0.8%.
4, chromium is in rapid steel of the present invention, mainly be to improve hardening capacity and tempered-hardness, and increase anti-oxidant and resistance to corrosion, but it also can reduce the bending strength after rapid steel thermoplasticity, cold plasticity and the thermal treatment.Therefore, chromium content 3.5～4.5% of the present invention.
5, carbon is the fundamental element in the rapid steel, and is very remarkable to its Effect on Performance.Carbide forming element in it and the rapid steel forms various alloy carbides, and gives the every performance of rapid steel the most basic influence.Cross when low when carbon content in the rapid steel, the ferrite of some amount can occur, steel hardness is reduced greatly, during the carbon quantity not sufficient, the also corresponding minimizing of carbide quantity all will reduce the wear resisting property of steel and cutting ability.Otherwise carbon content is too high, and the plasticity of steel, toughness are reduced, and forgeability degenerates, and makes when quenching heating, easily produces various harmful structures, causes every degradation of steel.So the selection of carbon content should be selected according to carbide forming element content, promptly according to alloying principle, C=0.033W+0.063Mo+0.060Cr+0.2V+0.13Nb, carry out carbon content control, the effectively effect of performance alloying element, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, carbon content is 1.7～1.9%.
High-hardness high-wear-resistant powder metallurgy high-speed steel of the present invention adopts conventional powder metallurgical technique to be prepared.Be rapid steel returns, technically pure iron, aluminium block, ferrotungsten, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, vanadium iron, ferro-niobium, cobalt etc., through 1.5 tons of intermediate frequency+esrs (or external refining) → mother alloy → vacuum aerosolization → jacket → hot isostatic pressing → precise forging machine forge → finishing → φ 100mm round steel is the finished product material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is 500 times of carbide patterns that the embodiment of the invention one forms;
Fig. 2 is 1000 times of carbide patterns that the embodiment of the invention one forms.
Embodiment
In preparation process, after above-mentioned raw materials gone by the choosing of corresponding content, through 1.5 tons of intermediate frequency+esrs (or external refining) → mother alloy → vacuum aerosolization → jacket → hot isostatic pressing → precise forging machine forge → finishing → φ 100mm round steel is the finished product material.
Wherein, 1130-1160 ℃ of precise forging machine Forge Heating temperature, 950-1050 ℃ of optimum forging temperature should slowly be cooled off after the forging, annealing should be heated to 900 ℃ of insulations after 4 hours to reduce to 720 ℃ less than 20 ℃/hour speed, stove is cold, the maximum 300HB of annealing hardness.
Form the carbide pattern as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 for embodiment one, its distribution of carbides is even and tiny, most of carbide between 1～3 μ m, maximum 6 μ m.
After salt bath thermal treatment, assay is as follows to the foregoing description sample: (wherein, the red hardness experiment is as cold as the Rockwell hardness of room temperature after 4 hours 600 ℃ of insulations for the tempering sample of quenching.)
| Heat treating regime | The tempered-hardness of quenching HRC | Red hardness HRC | The wear resistance contrast | φ 100 round steel transverse bending strength Mpa | |
| Embodiment one | 1210 ℃ of 560 ℃ of tempering of quenching | 68 | 65.5 | Better | 3940 |
| Embodiment two | 1200 ℃ of 560 ℃ of tempering of quenching | 68.5 | 65.5 | Best | 3780 |
| Embodiment three | 1210 ℃ of 560 ℃ of tempering of quenching | 68.5 | 66 | Better | 3620 |
| Embodiment four | 1210 ℃ of 560 ℃ of tempering of quenching | 67.5 | 64 | Better | 3860 |
Above result shows, adopts the high-hardness high-wear-resistant powder metallurgy high-speed steel of the technical program, and it quenches tempered-hardness more than 67.5HRC, and red hardness and wear resistance are better, and the φ 100 round steel bending strengths of preparation are stronger, and cost is lower.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of high-hardness high-wear-resistant powder metallurgy high-speed steel, it prepares by powder metallurgic method, it is characterized in that it has following chemical composition, in weight %, contains:
C:1～2.5, Si:0～1.2, Cr:3.5～4.5, Mo:2～5, V:2～5, W:6～12, Nb:0～1, Mn:0～0.8, Co:0～5, Al:0.2～1.5, surplus is iron and impurity.
2, high-hardness high-wear-resistant powder metallurgy high-speed steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that described chemical composition in weight %, contains:
C:1.7～1.9, Si:0.9～1.1, Cr:3.8～4.2, Mo:2.5～3.5, V:2.5～4.9, W:11～12, Nb:0.4～0.8, Mn:0～0.8, Co:0～5.0, Al:0.4～1.4, surplus is iron and impurity.
3, high-hardness high-wear-resistant powder metallurgy high-speed steel according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the shared weight percent of described Al is 0.7～1.3.
4, high-hardness high-wear-resistant powder metallurgy high-speed steel according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the shared weight percent of described Al is 1.2.
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| CN102994893A (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2013-03-27 | 宁波市群星粉末冶金有限公司 | Power metallurgy tool steel |
| CN103276154A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-09-04 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method, secondary refining method and refining agent of PMHSS (powder metallurgy high speed steel) |
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| CN103276154B (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2015-08-05 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | The preparation method of p/m high speed steel, secondary refining method and refining agent |
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| CN104388819B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-06-29 | 新昌县大市聚镇海房机械厂 | A kind of powdered metallurgical material for cutting tool and preparation method thereof |
| CN104388819A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-04 | 苏州莱特复合材料有限公司 | Powdered metallurgic material for cutting tools and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107475632A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-15 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of wear-resistant high speed steel coating of high tungsten content and preparation method thereof |
| CN107475632B (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-01-29 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of wear-resistant high speed steel coating and preparation method thereof of high tungsten content |
| CN110387506A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-10-29 | 唐山市国宗元裕龙重工有限公司 | High abrasion centrifugal compound high-speed steel roll |
| CN111136276A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-12 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of high-speed steel cutter |
| CN111850391A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-30 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | High-speed steel for screw punch and preparation method thereof |
| CN111850391B (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2022-06-24 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | High-speed steel for screw punch and preparation method thereof |
| CN114381656A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-04-22 | 江苏天工工具有限公司 | Processing technology of injection molding high-speed steel |
| RU2805734C1 (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-10-23 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Магнитогорский государственный технический университет им. Г. И. Носова" | Iron based alloy powder |
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