CN1218026A - 番茄红素代谢物的生产 - Google Patents
番茄红素代谢物的生产 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1218026A CN1218026A CN98121387A CN98121387A CN1218026A CN 1218026 A CN1218026 A CN 1218026A CN 98121387 A CN98121387 A CN 98121387A CN 98121387 A CN98121387 A CN 98121387A CN 1218026 A CN1218026 A CN 1218026A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- methylethyl
- hydroxyl
- following formula
- methyl
- cyclopentyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 14
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 14
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- IGODOXYLBBXFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 IGODOXYLBBXFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- IGODOXYLBBXFDW-NSHDSACASA-N alpha-Terpinyl acetate Natural products CC(=O)OC(C)(C)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 IGODOXYLBBXFDW-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005882 aldol condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- PDXRQENMIVHKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-diol Chemical class OC1(O)CCCCC1 PDXRQENMIVHKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229960003328 benzoyl peroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 cyclopentyl methylene acetone Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 23
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- QSOFPDHBGVCNOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-cyclopentylbut-3-en-2-one Chemical class CC(=O)C(=C)C1CCCC1 QSOFPDHBGVCNOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-HOSYLAQJSA-N cyclopentanol Chemical class O[13CH]1CCCC1 XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-HOSYLAQJSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanol Chemical compound OC1CCCC1 XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007239 Wittig reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical class [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- LIISQYJMNSCQJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxycyclopentyl]-3-methylpenta-1,4-dien-3-ol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C1CCC(C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1C=CC(C)(O)C=C LIISQYJMNSCQJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- AYODHZHFDRRQEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-dimethylocta-2,4,6-trienedial Chemical compound O=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=O AYODHZHFDRRQEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- WXQIBUZWCPOMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-formyl-3-hydroxy-3-methylcyclopentyl)propan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C1CCC(C)(O)C1C=O WXQIBUZWCPOMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ISNXVRUSIFVWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-formyl-3-methyl-3-trimethylsilyloxycyclopentyl)propan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C1CCC(C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1C=O ISNXVRUSIFVWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- PQFICFQXOLQQMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexyl)propan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C1CCC(C)(O)C(O)C1 PQFICFQXOLQQMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- OVHBXIZNAKKFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxycyclopentyl]but-3-en-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)C=CC1C(C(C)(C)O)CCC1(C)O[Si](C)(C)C OVHBXIZNAKKFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- JGHZACCUNUAHKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-methyl-6-oxo-3-(2-oxoethyl)heptan-2-yl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(CC=O)C(C)(C)OC(C)=O JGHZACCUNUAHKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- YZGXPUJOXIMPPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [5-[2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methylcyclopentyl]-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl]-triphenylphosphanium Chemical class CC(O)(C)C1CCC(O)(C)C1C=CC(C)=CC[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YZGXPUJOXIMPPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005906 dihydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- RMGJCSHZTFKPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH-]=C RMGJCSHZTFKPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007248 oxidative elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- OWUJMRYOLTVQND-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl(3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4,6,10-tetraenyl)phosphanium Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 OWUJMRYOLTVQND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 39
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane Natural products ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- VXGQCFNZJMANLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclopentylbutan-2-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC1CCCC1 VXGQCFNZJMANLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 11
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 10
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 9
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O triphenylphosphanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[PH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000004176 ammonification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- CMSYDJVRTHCWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphane;hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CMSYDJVRTHCWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisobutylaluminium hydride Substances CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- CUXQLKLUPGTTKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M microcosmic salt Chemical class [NH4+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O CUXQLKLUPGTTKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- FMCAFXHLMUOIGG-IWFBPKFRSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-formamido-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound O=CN[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O)CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C=C1C FMCAFXHLMUOIGG-IWFBPKFRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylbutane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C(C(=O)C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDULGHZNHURECF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylaniline 2,4-dimethylaniline 2,5-dimethylaniline 2,6-dimethylaniline 3,4-dimethylaniline 3,5-dimethylaniline Chemical group CC1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1.CC1=CC=C(C)C(N)=C1.CC1=CC(C)=CC(N)=C1.CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1C.CC1=CC=CC(N)=C1C.CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N CDULGHZNHURECF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- WLGXLJGGAGAIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C)C.[SiH3]Cl Chemical compound CN(C)C.[SiH3]Cl WLGXLJGGAGAIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003747 Grignard reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及生产下式的类胡萝卜素番茄红素的氧化代谢物,2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇的多步方法。从乙酸α-萜品酯开始氧化性二羟基化为环已二醇(Ⅳ),将环已二醇(Ⅳ)氧化裂解为酮醛(Ⅴ),使酮醛(Ⅴ)分子内醛醇缩合为环戊醇(Ⅵ),将环戊醇(Ⅵ)甲硅烷基化为它的甲硅烷化的衍生物[甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)],使甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)用丙酮进行C3-链加长,同时皂化裂解乙酰基,给出环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ),使环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)与乙烯基溴化镁反应给出戊二烯醇(Ⅸ),将戊二烯醇(Ⅸ)通过甲硅烷基化的羟基的脱保护而转化为鏻盐(Ⅹ),使鏻盐(Ⅹ)与2,7-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯-1,8-二醛进行Wittig反应,给出十三碳六烯醛(Ⅻ),并使十三碳六烯醛(Ⅶ)与(3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,4,6,10-四烯基)三苯基鏻盐进行Wittig反应,给出所需的式Ⅱ的2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇。此方法的变体,同样按本发明包括不经过戊二醇(Ⅸ)而经过另外两种中间体,即戊二烯酸酯(ⅪⅤ)和不同的戊二烯醇(ⅩⅤ),将环戊基于烯酮(Ⅷ)转化为鏻盐(Ⅹ)。而且,本发明也涉及新中间体(Ⅴ),(Ⅵ),(Ⅶ),(Ⅷ),(Ⅸ),(Ⅹ),(Ⅻ),(ⅩⅣ)和(ⅩⅤ)和产生这些新中间体的各个方法步骤。所得的代谢物2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇在预防人细胞的癌症生长方面显示活性,并可以相应地应用。
Description
本发明涉及生产类胡萝卜素番茄红素的氧化代谢物的多步法,以及在生产方法中产生的新中间体。
如已知的那样,类胡萝卜素,尤其是番茄红素,在癌症的化学预防(预防性治疗)中起重要作用[参见,例如,J.S.Bertram,纯化学和应用化学(Pure &Appl.Chem.)66,1025-1032(1994)和其中提到的参考文献;N.I.Krinsky,Nat.Antioxid.Health Dis.1994,239-261;J.S.Bertram,Oxid.StressAging 1995,221-235;以及T.Narisawa et al.,Cancer Lett.107(1),137-142(1996)],和其在临床研究中的应用已经被确证[A.Bendich,Pure & Appl.Chem.66,1017-1024(1994)和确证提到的参考文献]。Levy et al.已经证明了下式的番茄红素对人子宫,乳腺和肺癌细胞生长的预防性活性[Nutr.cancer,24,257-266(1995)]。E.Giovannucci et al.在J.natl.Cancer Inst.87,1767-1776(1995)中公开了富含番茄红素的饮食降低前列腺癌的危险。
红类胡萝卜素番茄红素特别存在于番茄中。在抗癌活性方面,烹调过的番茄比生的具有大得多的活性,这一发现可以归结于番茄红素沸腾后具有改进的生物可吸收性这一事实;另一方面,生物活性化合物可以是番茄红素的氧化产物或代谢物。在最近对人血浆中类胡萝卜素含量的研究中,已经确定了新的番茄红素代谢物,即2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇和可能有5,6-二羟基-5,6-二氢番茄红素[F.Khachik et al.,J.Cell Biochem.1995(Suppl.22),236-246和llthInternational Symposium on carotenoids,Leiden 1996,O.P1.3; 以及F.Khachik,Book of Abstracts,213th ACS Nat.Meting,San Francisco,April 13-14,1997]。首先提到的下式的已知代谢物在防止人和小鼠癌细胞生长方面显示了活性。
到目前为止,番茄红素氧化代谢物的两种合成已经被报道,即在Biosci.Biotechn.Biochem.59,2153-2155(1995;Y.Lu et al)和在前述11th Int.Symp.on carotenoids,Leiden 1996(O.P.3.5;F.Khachik et al.)中报道的。这些是部分合成,它们各自从番茄红素本身开始。现已发现(已知的)2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇(Ⅱ)可以通过多步法生产,即从容易得到的乙酸α-萜品酯开始。此法是氧化产生的番茄红素的代谢物的第一种全合成。
本发明相应地涉及生产2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇(Ⅱ)的方法,该方法包括将下式的乙酸α-萜品酯二羟基化为下式的4-(1-乙酰基-1-甲基乙基)-1-甲基环己烷-1,2-二醇[环己二醇(Ⅳ)],将该环己二醇(Ⅳ)氧化裂解为下式的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-6-氧代庚醛[酮醛(Ⅴ)],使该酮醛(Ⅴ)经过分子内醛醇缩合成为下式的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-甲基环戊醇[环戊醇(Ⅵ)],将该环戊醇(Ⅵ)甲硅烷基化为下式的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊烷[甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)],使该甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)用丙酮经过C3-链加长,同时皂化裂解乙酰基,给出下式的4-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-丁烯-2-酮[环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)],使该环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)与乙烯基溴化镁反应给出下式的5-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-1,4-二烯-3-醇[戊二烯醇(Ⅸ)],将该戊二烯醇(Ⅸ)通过甲硅烷基化的羟基的脱保护而转化为下式的(5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯)三苯基鏻盐其中Ph表示苯基而X1-表示卤化物或硫酸氢盐,[鏻盐(Ⅹ)],使该磷盐(X)与下式的2,7-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯-1,8-二醛[C10-二醛(Ⅺ)]进行Wittig反应,给出下式的2,7,11-三甲基-13-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-十三碳-2,4,6,8,10,12-六烯醛[十三碳六烯醛(Ⅻ)],并使该十三碳六烯醛(Ⅻ)与下式的(3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,4,6,10-四烯基)三苯基鏻盐其中Ph表示苯基,而X2-表示卤化物或硫酸氢盐,[鏻盐(ⅩⅢ)]进行Wittig反应,给出所需的式Ⅱ的2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇。
而且,本发明还涉及式Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ和Ⅻ的新中间体,和各个方法步骤Ⅳ→Ⅴ,Ⅴ→Ⅵ,Ⅵ→Ⅶ,Ⅶ→Ⅷ,Ⅷ→Ⅸ,Ⅸ→Ⅹ,Ⅹ+Ⅺ→Ⅻ和Ⅻ+ⅩⅢ→Ⅱ,即上述生产新中间体和已知的最终产物Ⅱ的一步法。不仅式Ⅲ的化合物,而且式Ⅳ,Ⅺ和ⅩⅢ的化合物也是已知的:特别参见,T.Hirataet al.,Chem.Lett.1982,671-674[环己烷二醇(Ⅳ)]和US-5166445和Helv.Chim.Acta 75,1848-1865(1992)[盐(ⅩⅢ)]。
乙酸α-萜品酯(Ⅲ)氧化性二羟基化为环己烷二醇(Ⅳ)的过程可以用氧化剂高锰酸钾在液体反应介质中,在相对低的温度下方便地进行。作为乙酸α-萜品酯(Ⅲ)的溶剂,特别考虑极性有机溶剂,如脂族或环状醚,例如四氢呋喃,或低级(尤其是C1-6)烷醇,例如乙醇。将高锰酸钾溶于水中,适当地以约2至约7%(wt./vol)范围在水溶液中的浓度,慢慢加入乙酸α-萜品酯的溶液中。为了安全-而且因为反应一般在这些条件下进行-在相对低的温度下,即一般在约0℃至约40℃的温度范围加入;因为有过度氧化的危险,将温度控制在此范围的较低部分。一般使用以离析物为基础约0.8至约1.0当量(eq.)高锰酸钾。而且,在加入期间,最好将反应混合物剧烈搅拌,在加入完成之后继续搅拌也是合适的。以此方式,反应一般在至多约2小时内完成,然后出现悬浮物,而所需的环己烷二醇(Ⅳ)在溶液中。为了分离此产物,滤出悬浮物,滤液用合适的与水不混溶的有机溶剂,如低级卤代烃例如二氯甲烷或氯仿、脂族醚例如乙醚或叔丁基甲基醚、或低级脂族酯例如乙酸乙酯萃取,干燥有机萃取相,例如用无水硫酸钠或硫酸镁干燥,然后减压蒸发。如果需要,固体残余物可以用常规方法纯化,例如重结晶或柱层析。
除了高锰酸钾的水溶液之外,此氧化剂可以以其它形式用于氧化性二羟基化中;对此,特别考虑高锰酸钾碱溶液,特别是与碱金属氢氧化物例如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾水溶液,和高锰酸钾与硫酸镁一起在乙醇-水溶液中。在两种情况下,反应都可以在低温(例如在约0℃至约5℃的范围)方便地进行,在其它方面,反应过程可以以已知的方式进行(见Organikum,p.261,和W.T.Weber et al.,tetr.Lett.1972,4907 et seq.)。而且,高锰酸钾之外的氧化剂可以考虑,尤其是四氧化锇/过氧化氢。在这种情况下,典型地6-7%过氧化氢的甲醇、叔丁醇、丙酮或冰醋酸溶液和四氧化锇在相同溶剂中约0.5%的溶液被加入乙酸α-萜品酯(Ⅲ)中,将反应混合物搅拌几天。更详细的参考在,例如,N.A.Milas er al.,J.A.C.S.58,1032 et seq.(1936)中给出。
环己烷二醇(Ⅳ)向酮醛(Ⅴ)的转化是一种如在Tetr.Lett.28,2863 etseq.(1987)中所述的二元醇裂解。在Ⅳ→Ⅴ的情况下,二元醇裂解在非质子性极性或非极性,或甚至在质子性极性的有机溶剂中,在低温至中温,并用醋酸铅(Ⅳ)[Pb(OCOCH3)4]作为氧化剂而方便地进行。为此目的而优选的溶剂是低级卤代脂肪烃,例如二氯甲烷;芳香烃,例如苯或甲苯;或低级脂族羧酸,例如乙酸。反应合适地在约-20℃至约50℃,优选地在约0℃的温度范围进行。乙酸铅的量一般在以离析物为基础约1.0至1.5当量之间。如果需要,此试剂可以直接,即不经稀释,加入环己烷二醇(Ⅳ)在选定的溶剂中的溶液中,或者两种反应物可以溶于或悬浮于溶剂中,优选地保持低温,尤其是低于5℃,并且在各种情况下尽可能排除潮气。为了将几乎不可避免地与乙酸铅伴随的乙酸中和掉,最好在加入乙酸铅之前用无水碳酸钠,或其它更弱的有机碱处理环己烷二醇(Ⅳ)的溶液或悬浮液;研细或细晶状无水碳酸钠优选地用于此目的。而且,搅拌反应混合物是可取的。以此方式,反应一般在约2小时内完成。
为了处理反应后所得的混合物,将水加入此混合物中,并将其温度升至室温。滤出残留的固体成分后,分出含有产物的有机相,可以得到保留在水相中的产物,如果需要,用其它有机溶剂,例如二氯甲烷萃取。常规处理(整个)有机相(用例如无水磷酸钠或硫酸镁干燥,蒸发,并且,如果需要,通过柱层析纯化)产生所需的酮醛(Ⅴ)。
下一步是将酮醛(Ⅴ)经分子内醛醇缩合成为环戊醇(Ⅵ)。该缩合一般通过酮醛在有机溶剂中,或者甚至在水中,在约0℃至反应混合物的回流温度,优选地在室温至约50℃的温度范围,并在碱,也在有机酸存在下进行。合适的有机溶剂首先是低级脂族和环状醚,例如乙醚,叔丁基甲基醚或四氢呋喃;低级脂族酮,例如丙酮;以及芳香烃,例如苯和甲苯。合适的碱一般是胺,例如,二烷基胺和三烷基胺,和含氮杂环化合物,例如哌啶和吡咯烷。特别考虑的酸是低级脂族羧酸,例如乙酸,和磺酸,例如对甲苯磺酸。碱和羧酸都可以以离析物的量为基础,使用催化量的(最高约0.02摩尔)至约等摩尔量。缩合正常地在最多100小时内完成,我们观察到,约l∶1的产物:离析物比最迟在约24小时后达到平衡。
在此分子内醛醇缩合的情况下,这样产生的环戊醇(Ⅵ)可以从反应混合物分离出来,如果需要,以已知的方式纯化,尤其是用碱和/或无机酸水溶液,例如碳酸钠,盐酸水溶液和/或氯化钠溶液洗涤,用合适的有机溶剂,例如醚,如叔丁基甲基醚萃取,分出并干燥有机相,蒸发该相,如果需要,重结晶和/或通过柱层析将固体残余物纯化。
保护羟基的甲硅烷基化是特别熟悉的反应步骤,尤其在类胡萝卜素领域-如在本多步生产法中环戊醇(Ⅵ)甲硅烷基化为甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)-关于该反应,有许多公开物报导[参见,例如,F.kienzle andR.E.Minder,Helv.Chim.Acta 61,242(1978),A.Haag and C.H.Eugster,ibid.65,1975(1982),以及D.J.Buschor and C.H.Eugster,ibid.73,1002(1990)]。不仅三甲基甲硅烷基,而且其它保护基也是可能的,条件是它们对于烯醇盐和Grignard试剂是稳定的,同时对酸稳定。其它三烷基甲硅烷基、甲氧基甲基、甲氧基乙氧基甲基和四氢吡喃基保护基都属于这一类。
在本发明情况下,已经发现,用三甲基氯代硅烷作为甲硅烷基化剂和非质子极性有机溶剂进行甲硅烷基化(对于三甲基甲硅烷基保护基)是方便的。而且,通常使用碱。合适的溶剂特别有低级、卤代脂肪烃,例如二氯甲烷;含氮杂环化合物,例如吡啶;低级脂肪和环状醚,例如乙醚或四氢呋喃;低级脂族胺,例如三乙胺;和低级脂族酰胺,例如二甲基甲酰胺。合适的碱特别有低级脂族胺,例如三乙胺;芳香胺,例如二甲基苯胺;和含氮、非强制性氨基化的杂环化合物,例如咪唑和4-二甲基氨基吡啶。显然,胺不仅可以作为溶剂,而且也可以作为碱。相对于离析物的量(基于1当量),最好使用约2至约4当量三甲基氯代甲硅烷和约2至约5当量碱。
实际上,甲硅烷基化是在约-10℃至室温的温度范围进行,将溶在溶剂中的甲硅烷基化剂加入到环戊醇和碱在相同溶剂中的溶液。而且是在惰性保护气体例如氮气下加入,以尽可能排除潮气,并在搅拌下进行。在上述条件下,甲硅烷基化正常地在约24小时内完成。反应后所得的混合物的处理可以用常规方式进行,例如通过滤除固体成分,蒸发滤液,以及通过重结晶和/或柱层析纯化固体残余物,以得到或多或少纯的甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)。
下一操作步骤,即用丙酮加长C3-链并同时将甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)皂化为环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ),是通过首先从烷基锂(例如正丁基锂)和仲胺(尤其是二(C1-6烷基)胺,例如二异丙基胺)新生产二烷基氨化锂(作为碱),然后与丙酮在合适的有机溶剂(特别是非质子性极性溶剂中)进行反应,给出丙酮烯醇盐;然后该烯醇盐与甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)反应。“就地”生产二烷基氨化锂的合适的有机溶剂一般是非质子性溶剂,如低级脂族或环状醚,例如乙醚或四氢呋喃,或芳香烃,例如甲苯。此生产更方便地在相对低的温度,特别是在约10℃至约+10℃,优选地在约0℃,在惰性保护气体,例如氮气中,搅拌下进行。烷基锂和仲胺合适以约等摩尔量使用是合适的。足够的反应时间之后,正常地最多约1小时后,最好将混合物冷却至约-70℃,并且将丙酮加入相同的溶剂中。适当地使用相对于丙酮(1eq.)明显过量的二烷基氨化锂,特别是约1.1至约2当量,尽可能抑制丙酮的自身缩合。在低温搅拌一阵后,以比丙酮的量低一些的摩尔量加入甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)。将反应混合物温热至约-20℃至约0℃,使丙酮与甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)在所述的温度范围相对快速地反应。为了分离和纯化这样产生的环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ),反应混合物可以,例如,用饱和氯化铵水溶液处理,分出有机相并用水和/或饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,用干燥剂,例如无水硫酸钠或硫酸镁干燥,最后将有机相蒸发;如果需要,所得的残余物的(进一步)纯化,例如可以通过重结晶和/或柱层析进行。
该方法的后续阶段是Grignard反应。环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)和乙烯基溴化镁在非质子极性有机溶剂,如一种低级脂族或环状醚,例如乙醚或二甲氧基乙烷,或分别为四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃或二氧六环,或一种酰胺,例如六甲基磷酸三酰胺中在约-50℃至约0℃,优选地在约-40℃至约-20℃的范围内互相反应。合适地,每当量环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)使用约2至4当量乙烯基溴化镁。加入脂族胺,例如三乙胺,用以增加活性。这样得到的戊二烯醇(Ⅸ)的分离和纯化可以与前述方法步骤Ⅶ→Ⅷ类似的工艺进行。
作为在本发明的生产方法中的另一方案,可将环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)的游离的三级羟基在步骤Ⅷ→Ⅶ之前通过类似于方法步骤Ⅵ→Ⅶ的甲硅烷基化立即进行保护;在相应改进的方法步骤Ⅷ→Ⅸ之后,该甲硅烷基化的羟基可以普通方式脱保护,再次产生戊二烯醇(Ⅸ)。
随后鏻盐形成Ⅸ→Ⅹ一般是通过将戊二烯醇(Ⅸ)溶液和卤化三苯基鏻或三苯基鏻硫酸氢盐在极性有机溶剂中搅拌几小时而进行。低级脂族醇,例如甲醇和乙醇;和低级卤代脂肪烃,例如二氯甲烷和氯仿,特别适合于作为这类溶剂。合适地,每当量戊二烯醇(Ⅸ)使用约1至1.2当量的卤化三苯基鏻或硫酸氢盐。该三苯基鏻盐优选地是卤化物,特别是氯化物或溴化物,而溴化三苯基鏻是特别优选的。反应方便地在约0℃至约50℃的温度范围,优选地在室温进行,并且一般约12至约72小时。这样得到的鏻盐(Ⅹ)的分离和如果需要的纯化可以根据已知的方法进行。
根据本发明多步生产法的倒数第二阶段和最后阶段在各种情况下,尤其是在类胡萝卜素化学中,是已知的Wittig反应。在两种情况下,类似的反应条件可以使用,一般更激烈的条件,特别是更高的温度,可以用于最后的步骤中。两种反应物在质子性或非质子性极性有机溶剂中,在碱存在下互相反应。作为这类溶剂,特别考虑低级脂族醇,例如甲醇和乙醇;低级卤代脂肪烃,例如二氯甲烷和氯仿;脂环醚,例如环氧丁烷和其它环氧乙烷,和四氢呋喃;二甲基甲酰胺;和二甲亚砜。
反应在第一种情况下(Ⅹ+Ⅺ→Ⅻ)一般在约0℃至约60℃的温度范围,优选地在室温进行,而在第二种情况下(Ⅻ+ⅩⅢ→Ⅱ)一般在约0℃至约60℃的温度范围,优选地在约40℃进行。而且,分别以稍微过量,一般以最多约10%过量使用鏻盐(Ⅹ)或(ⅩⅢ)。处理反应后得到的混合物,将它们在水和非质子极性有机溶剂,如低级脂族醚、酯或卤代烃,分别如乙醚、乙酸乙酯,或,二氯甲烷或氯仿之间分配,分出有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,再用有机溶剂萃取水相,干燥合并的有机相,例如用无水硫酸钠或硫酸镁干燥,蒸发有机相,将其干燥并除去干燥剂,纯化所得的固体,例如通过柱层析和/或重结晶纯化。
柱层析之后,一般化合物Ⅻ和Ⅱ各自以E/Z异构体混合物的形式得到,通过例如用己烷重结晶可以分离出(全E)-异构体。一般说来,如果需要,所得的各个产物的异构化可以在整个多步法中控制。因此,从式Ⅲ的(4R)-乙酸α-萜品酯[(4R)-Ⅲ]可以依次生产(1RS,2RS,4R)-Ⅳ,(3R)-V,(1R,2S,3R)-Ⅵ,(1R,2S,3R)-Ⅶ,(1’R,2’S,3’R)-Ⅷ,(1’R,2’S,3’R,3RS)-Ⅸ,(1’R,2’S,3’R)-X,(1’R,2’S,3’)-Ⅻ和(全-E,2R,5R,6S)-Ⅱ。相应的对映体可以从(4S)-乙酸α-萜品酯生产。
上面定义和叙述的本发明生产方法的变体包括不经过戊二醇(Ⅸ)将环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)转化为鏻盐(Ⅹ),但经过两个其它中间体转化为相同的鏻盐(Ⅹ);此变体涉及到三个步骤,并特别包括使环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)与三烷基膦酰基乙酸酯在碱存在下进行Homer-Emmons烯化给出对应的下式5-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯酸烷基酯,其中烷基表示C1-6-烷基,[戊二烯酸酯(ⅩⅣ)],甲硅烷基化的羟基脱保护还原戊二烯酸酯(ⅩⅣ),给出下式的5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯-1-醇,[戊二烯醇(ⅩⅤ)],并将戊二烯醇(ⅩⅤ)转化为式Ⅹ的(5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯基)三苯基鏻盐,给出上述[鏻盐(Ⅹ)]。2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇多步生产法的剩余部分,即方法步骤Ⅹ+Ⅺ→Ⅻ和Ⅻ+ⅩⅢ→Ⅱ,按上定义和所述的进行。从乙酸α-萜品酯开始生产式Ⅱ的环番茄红素代谢物2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇这样的修饰方法代表本发明的另一方面,同样代表在变体中产生的式ⅩⅣ和ⅩⅤ的新中间体,和各个方法步骤Ⅷ→ⅩⅣ,ⅩⅣ→ⅩⅤ和ⅩⅤ→Ⅹ,即如上定义的生产新中间体的一步法。
环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)与三烷基膦酰基乙酸酯的反应(Homer-Emmons烯化)一般在作为溶剂的低级脂族醚或二醚例如二甲氧基乙烷中,在强碱存在下,特别是在碱金属氢化物,例如氢化钠;碱金属醇盐,例如甲醇钠或乙醇钠;烷基锂,例如丁基锂;或二烷基氨化锂,例如二异丙基氨化锂存在下进行。该反应在低温进行,即在低于约-10℃的温度;低限约-60℃。已经发现,在搅拌和冷却下,将冷却的三烷基膦酰基乙酸酯溶液慢慢加入到同样冷却的强碱在相同溶剂中的悬浮液中是可行的,搅拌一段时间后,再加入环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)在相同溶剂中的溶液,而各混合物的温度总是控制在低于约-10℃。而且,建议在惰性气体,例如氮气或氩气中进行这些操作。最后,反应混合物被搅拌几小时,例如5至15小时,并逐渐使其温热至室温。这样得到的戊二烯酸酯(ⅩⅣ)的分离和纯化可以类似于在方法步骤Ⅶ→Ⅷ中所述的过程进行,但也可以在用饱和氯化铵水溶液处理之后,和在分出有机相之前,适当地加入另外的有机溶剂例如乙酸乙酯用于萃取。
生产方法变体的后续步骤包括还原戊二烯酸酯(ⅩⅣ)的酯基-COO烷基和将同样存在的三甲基甲硅烷氧基脱保护。该还原一般用常用于此目的的还原剂,特别是金属氢化物,例如二异丁基氢化铝或氢化铝锂,或烷氧基金属氢化物进行。而且,该反应一般在脂肪烃,例如己烷;脂族或环状醚,例如乙醚或四氢呋喃;低级脂肪醇,例如乙醇;或其它水溶性有机溶剂中,在一般较低的温度下进行。当二异丁基氢化铝被用作还原剂时,反应在,例如,不高于约-40℃,并一般在-60℃的温度进行。然而,用还原剂处理戊二烯酸酯(ⅩⅣ)后,反应混合物可以温热至室温,随后,处理也可以类似于在上述方法步骤Ⅶ→Ⅷ中所述的过程进行,例如包括用乙酸乙酯作萃取剂的萃取步骤,因此与根据前述方法步骤Ⅷ→ⅩⅣ的处理相比,蒸发过的有机相也用水溶液形式的有机或无机酸,例如盐酸(引起脱保护)处理。接着此酸处理之后,将混合物分配于水和萃取剂之间,干燥并蒸发(合并的)有机相,并且,如果需要,进一步纯化,例如通过重结晶和/或柱层析纯化。
后续的鏻盐形成ⅩⅤ→Ⅹ的过程可以类似于上述鏻盐形成Ⅸ→Ⅹ,即同样的反应条件用于此反应。
如上所述,本发明也涉及在生产方法(在两个变体中)中产生的新中间体,即式Ⅴ的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-6-氧代-庚醛,式Ⅵ的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-甲基环戊醇,式Ⅶ的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-甲基-1-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊烷,式Ⅷ的4-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基-环戊基]-3-丁烯-2-酮,式Ⅸ的5-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基-环戊基]-3-甲基戊-1,4-二烯-3-醇,下式的(5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯基三苯基鏻盐其中Ph表示苯基,而X1-表示卤化物或硫酸氢盐,式Ⅻ的2,7,11-三甲基-13-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-十三碳2,4,6,8,1 0,12-六烯醛,下式的5-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯酸烷基酯其中烷基表示C1-6-烷基和式ⅩⅤ的5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯-1-醇,在各种情况下,作为上面给出的外消旋体或各种光学活性形式,可以从(4R)-或(4S)-乙酸α-萜品酯开始生产。
本发明通过下列实施例举例说明:
实施例1
氧化性二羟基化Ⅲ→Ⅳ
将50g(255mmol)乙酸α-萜品酯在800ml四氢呋喃中的溶液冷却至0℃。在剧烈搅拌下,2小时内滴加50g(316mmol)高锰酸钾在11ml水中的溶液,移走冷浴后,反应混合物再搅拌1小时。然后,将混合物滤过Celite(由各种颗粒大小的硅藻土组成的滤垫),滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥,随后减压蒸发。残余物用最少量的乙酸乙酯重结晶,并在4℃加入己烷,以得到额外的产物,将母液用硅胶和己烷/乙酸乙酯混合物(1∶1)柱层析纯化,并将蒸发得到的残余物以相同方式重结晶。这样得到的4-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-1-甲基环己烷-1,2-醇的总产率是33.77g(148mmol;理论产率的65%;5.38g离析物被回收),白色针状,m.p.88℃。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):3.36[dd,J=11.4;4.4,H-C(2)];2.3[brs.2xOH];2.01[m,H-C(4)];1.94[s,CH3COO];1.81[dm,J=11.4,H-C(5)];1.67[dm,J=11.4,H- C(3)];1.40[m,H2-C(6)];1.39[s,H3C(9)];1.38[s,H3C(10)];1.36[m,H-C(3)]:1.28[m,H-C(5)];1.23[H3C(7)]13C-NMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3):170.57[C=O];84.55[C(8)];75.13[C(2)];70.71[C(1)];44.35[C(4)];37.03[C(5)];31.27[C(3)];27.07[C(7)];23.58[C(9)];23.34[C(10)];22.45
[CH3COO];21.68[C(6)].
IR(CHCl3):3620w,3570w,3000m,2930m,1715s,1420w,1365s,1270s,1150m,
1115m,1035m,1010m.
MS(EI,70eV,250℃):215(1,M+/-15),197(3),187(3),170(62),152(50),137(43),
126(100),111(73),108(84),93(48),71(55),59(24),43(58).
从光学活性的(R)-乙酸α-萜品酯开始,以上述方式得到环己烷二醇(Ⅳ)的1RS,2RS,4R-非对映体混合物;[α]D 23:-3.3°(c=0.04,甲醇)。
实施例2
氧化性裂解Ⅳ→Ⅴ
将33.77g(148mmol)4-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-1-甲基环己烷-1,2-二醇和34.88g(327mmol)无水研细的碳酸钠放入1L二氯甲烷中,混合物被冷却至0℃。然后以使温度不超过6℃的方式分批加入93.3g醋酸铅(Ⅳ)(156mmol)和乙酸的85:15混合物。将混合物搅拌1小时,用50ml水处理并温热至室温。随后,将水-有机混合物滤过Celite,从滤液中分出有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,合并的有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥,将干燥的有机相减压蒸发,残余物通过用硅胶作固定相,己烷和乙酸乙酯的3∶2混合物作洗脱剂柱层析纯化。
以此方式得到30.14g(133mmol)3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-6-氧代-庚醛白色蜡状物,m.p.24℃;产率是理论的90%。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):9.72[dd,J=2.5;1,8,H-C(1)];2.58[ddd,J=16.9;5.8;2.5,H- C(2)];2.46[m,H2-C(5)];2.44[m,H-C(3)];2.26[ddd,J=16.9;5.8;1.8,H-C(2)];2.12[s,H3C(7)];1.93[s,CH3COO];1.84[m,H-C(4)];1.53[s,H3C(2’)];1.42[s,H3C-C(1’)];1.37[m,H-C(4)].13C-NMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3):207.89[C(6)];201.62[C(1)];170.12[C=O];84.40[C(1’)];44.96[C(2)];41.99[C(5)];41.88[C(3)];30.04[C(7)];24.17[C(4)];24.15[C(2’)];22.39[CH3COO];22.02[CH3-C(1’)].IR(CHCl3):3020m,2810w,2720w,1720s,1370s,1260s,l135m,1015m. MS(EI,70eV,150℃):228(1,M+);169(23);154(40);122(47);110(100);101(32);95(41);81(89),70(38);59(35);43(95).
从环己烷二醇(Ⅳ)的1RS,2RS,4R-非对映体混合物开始,以上述方式得到酮醛(Ⅴ)的3R-异构体;[α]D 23:-6.3°(c=0.28,甲醇)。
实施例3
分子内醛醇缩合Ⅴ→Ⅵ
将11.59g(51.1mmol)3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-6-氧代-庚醛溶于250ml四氢呋喃和2.3ml哌啶、2.3ml乙酸和1.15ml水中,溶液在室温搅拌21.5小时然后将溶液依次用5%碳酸钠溶液、2N盐酸和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,水不用叔丁基甲基醚萃取。将合并的有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥并减压蒸发,残余物通过用硅胶作固定相,己烷和乙酸乙酯的13∶7混合物作洗脱剂柱层析纯化。
以此方式得到5.26g(23.1mmol)3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-甲基环戊醇无色油状物。产率为理论的45%;所用的4.76g(20.9mmol,41%)离析物被回收,该转化产物的产率为77%。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):9.78[d,J=3.3,HC=O];3.04[td,J=9.9;6.2,H-C(3)];2.51[dd,J=9.9;3.3,H-C(2)];2.15-1.96[m,H-C(4)];1.92[s,CH3COO];1.84-1.52[m,H- C(4),H2-C(5)];1.48[s,H3C(2’)];1.46[s,H3C-C(1)];1.45[s,H3C-C(1’)].13C-NMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3):205.5[HC=O];170.2[O-C=O];83.6[C(1)];83.0[C(1’)];61.7[C(2)];50.4[C(3)];41.7[C(4)];27.4[C(2’)];25.0[CH3-C(1’)];24.9[C(5)];21.8[CH3-C(1)],22.2[CH3COO].IR(CHCl3):3610w,3000m,1720s,1460w,1375m,1270s,1215s,1130m,1020wMS(EI,70eV,240℃):228(1,M+);168(19);153(32);123(37);110(92);95(42);81(87);69(29);59(30);43(100).
从酮醛(Ⅴ)的3R-异构体开始,以上述方法得到环戊醇(Ⅵ)的1R,2S,3R-异构体,[α]D 24:-4.3°(c=0.38,甲醇)。
实施例4
甲硅烷基化Ⅵ→Ⅶ
将620mg(2.72mmol)3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-甲基环戊醇和600mg(7.5mmol)咪唑溶于10ml二氯甲烷,在室温下将0.45ml(3.56mmol)三甲基氯代甲硅烷在50ml二氯甲烷中的溶液喷雾到该溶液中。反应混合物在氮气下,在此温度下搅拌17小时。该处理是将混合物过滤,减压蒸发滤液,残余物通过用硅胶和己烷和乙酸乙酯的17∶3混合物柱层析纯化。
以此方式得到490mg(1.63mmol;理论产率的60%)3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-甲基-1-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊烷白色蜡状物。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):9.45[d,J=5,HC=O];2.93[td,J=9.3;6.9,H-C(3)];2.19[dd,J=9.3;4.2,H-C(2)];1.95-1.85[m,H-C(4)];1.77[s,CH3COO];1.59-1.42[m,H-C(4),H2- C(5)];1.33[s,H3C(2’)];1.32[s,H3C-C(1)];1.30[s,H3C-C(1’)];-0.02[s,(CH3)3Si]13C-NMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3):205.1(HC=O);170.0(O-C=O);86.0[C(1)];83.3[C(1’)];63.1[C(2)];48.9[C(3)];41.4[C(4)];27.1[C(2’)];24.9[C(5)];24.6[CH3-C(1’)];22.0[CH3-C(1)];21.8[CH3COO];1.8[(CH3)3Si]IR(CHCl3):2990m,1725s,1460w,1380m,1265s,1215s,1140m,1045m.MS(EI,70eV,150℃):240(39);225(100);197(20);143(92);133(36);122(65);81(47);73(51);43(41)
从环戊醇(Ⅵ)的1R,2S,3R-异构体开始,以上述方式得到甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)的1R,2S,3R-异构体,[α]D 20:-12°(c=0.076,甲醇)。
实施例5
C3-链加长和皂化Ⅶ→Ⅷ
将275μl(2mmol)二异丙基胺放入8ml四氢呋喃中,并在0℃,氮气中喷雾1.25ml丁基锂(2mmol,1.6M己烷溶液)。将混合物搅拌30分钟,冷却至-70℃,往里面喷雾110μl(1.5mmol)在1ml四氢呋喃中的丙酮。产生的二异丙基氨化锂溶液被搅拌15分钟,然后往里面喷雾300mg(1mmol)在1.5ml四氢呋喃中的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-甲基-1-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊烷。将反应混合物在2小时内温热至0℃,随后用10ml饱和氯化铵溶液小心地处理。分出有机相,用水和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,用无水硫酸镁干燥,并最后减压蒸发。残余物的纯化通常通过用硅胶和己烷和乙酸乙酯的3∶1混合物柱层析进行。
以此方式得到210mg(0.7mmol;理论产率的70%)4-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-丁烯-2-酮无色油状物。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):6.83[dd,J=16.2;96,H-C(4)];6.01[d,J=16.2,H-C(3)];2.33[td,J=9.9;5.9,H-C(3’)];2.21[s,H3C(1)];2.16[t,J=9.6,H-C(2')];1.98[m,H- C(4'α)];1.83[m,H-C(5'α)];1.61[m,H-C(4'β),H-C(5'β)];21.25[s.H3C(2”)];1.16[s,H3C-(1’)];1.14[s,H3C-C(1”)];0.08[(H3C)3Si]13C-NMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3):1987[C(2)];152.5[C(4)];132.3[C(3)];85.8[C(1’)];72.9 [C(1”)];56.9[C(2’)];54.4[C(3’)];40.7[C(5’)];28.5 [C(2”)];27.8[CH3-C(1’)];26.2[C(1)];26.0[CH3-C(1”)];25.4[C(4’)];2.2[(CH3)3Si]IR(CHCl3):3440w,2980s,2375w,1730w,1675s,1620m,1385m,1255s,1050m,860s。MS(EI,70eV,150℃):298(2,M+);280(25);265(16);240(31);227(28);208(42);193(29);182(30);143(100);101(62);73(50);59(54);43(56)。
从甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)的1R,2S,3R-异构体开始,以上述方式得到环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)的1’R,2’S,3’R-异构体,[α]D 22:-116°(c=0.324,甲醇)。
实施例6
Grignard反应Ⅷ→Ⅸ
将6.6ml(6.6mmol)1M乙烯基溴化镁的乙醚溶液溶于30ml四氢呋喃,然后在氮气中将溶液冷却至-50℃。随后慢慢喷雾490mg(1.64mmol)4-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-丁烯-2-酮在10ml四氢呋喃中的溶液,反应混合物搅拌30分钟,再加入3ml乙烯基溴化镁的乙醚溶液(3mmol CH2=CHMgBr),将混合物温热至0℃。
该处理是将混合物用20ml饱和氯化铵溶液处理,分出有机相,用氯化钠溶液洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,减压蒸发。残余物的纯化通常通过用硅胶和己烷和乙酸乙酯的17∶8混合物柱层析进行。
以此方式得到190mg(0.58mmol,理论产率的35%)5-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-1,4-二烯-3-醇无色油状物。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):5.91[dd,J=17.3;10.7,H-C(2)];5.65[dd,J=15.8;8.8,H- C(5)];5.53[d,J=15.8;H-C(4)];5.18[dd,J=17.3;1.1,H-C(1)];4.98[dd,J=10.7;1.1,H- C(1)];2.96[br.s,2OH];2.19[m,H-C(3’)];1.90[m,H-C(2’)];1.81[m,H-C(4'α)];1.73[m,H-C(5’α)];1.49[m,H-C(5’β)];1.38[m,H-C(4’β)];1.34[s,H3C-C(3)];1.17[s,H3C- C(1’)];1.10[s,H3C(2”),H3C-C(1”)];0.08[s,(H3C)3-Si]。13C-NMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3):144.3[C(2)];137.5[C(4)];131.3[C(5)];112.0[C(3)];111.7[C(1)];84.6[C(1’)];73.0[C(1”)];56.5[C(2’)];53.8[C(3’)];40.2[C(5’)];28.5[C(2”)];27.5[Me-C(3)];26.6[Me-C(1”)];25.8[Me-C(1’)];25.1[C(4’)];2.2[(CH3)3Si].IR(NaCl):3400s,3040w,2970s,1620w,1455m,1380s,1245s,1095s,1040s,835s.MS(EI,70eV,80℃):326(1,M+);308(28);293(13);241(40);223(89);218(72);197(37);173(81);143(100);117(28);73(53);57(23);43(44)。
从环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)的1’R,2’S,3’R-异构体开始,以上述方式得到戊二烯醇(Ⅸ)1’R,2'S,3'R,3RS-异构体混合物,[α]D 25:-85°(c=0.355,甲醇)。
实施例7
脱保护和鏻盐形成Ⅸ→Ⅹ
将520(1.6mmol)5-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-1,4-二烯-3-醇和600mg(1.75mmol)溴化三苯基鏻溶于16ml甲醇和氯仿的1∶1混合物中,溶液在室温下,氮气中并遮光搅拌23小时。然后将混合物蒸发,溶于少量二氯甲烷的残余物在冰冷却的叔丁基甲基醚中沉淀。倾析上层清液并过滤后,收集的沉淀用叔丁基甲基醚洗涤并减压干燥。
以此方式得到1.09g粗(5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯基)三苯基鏻溴化物。此产物不经纯化用于下步方法的Ⅹ+Ⅺ→Ⅻ(实施例8)。
1H-NMR and 13C-NMR:未测定
IR(paraffin oil):3330w,2980s,2850s,1475m,1380m,1205w,1095w,1080w。
MS(EI,70eV,400℃):463(2);277(12);262(100);183(63);153(9);108(22)。
从戊二烯醇(Ⅸ)1’R,2’S,3’R,3RS-异构体混合物开始,以上述方式得到鏻盐(X;Ph=苯基,X1=Br)1’R,2’S,3'R-异构体,[α]D 20:-18.8°(c=0.085,甲醇)。
实施例8
第一Wittig反应Ⅹ+Ⅺ→Ⅻ
将200mg(最多0.36mmol)粗(5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯基)三苯基鏻溴化物和50mg(0.3mmol)2,7-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯-1,8-二醛放入2ml二氯甲烷中,并用1.5ml 1N氢氧化钠溶液处理。然后将反应混合物在室温下搅拌90分钟。对其处理是将混合物分配在二氯甲烷和水之间,分出水相,有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥并减压蒸发。残余物通过用硅胶和己烷和乙酸乙酯7∶3的混合物柱层析纯化。
以此方式得到33mg(86μmol,至少为理论产率的28%)2,7,11-三甲基-13-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-十三碳-2,4,6,8,10,12-六烯醛的E/Z-异构体混合物形式,为橙色粉末。用己烷重结晶之后得到12mg(31μmol,至少为理论产率的10%),该产物为(全-E)-异构体。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):9.45[s,H-C(12’)];7.02[dd,J=14.4;11.9,H-C(15)];6.95[d,J=11.9,H-C(14')];6.75[dd,J=15.0;11.4,H-C(11)];6.69[dd;J=14.4;11.9,H-C(15')];6.37[d,J=15.0,H-C(12)];6.30[d,J=11.9,H-C(14)];6.24[d,J=15.7;H-C(8)];6.16[d,J=11.4;H-C(10)];5.81[dd,J=15.7;8.9,H-C(7)];2.30[ddd,J=19.7;10.0;6.9,H-C(2)];2.24[dd,J=10.0;8.9,H-C(6)];2.03[s,H3C(20)];1.99[m,H-C(3α)];1.96[s,H3C(19)];1.88[s,H3C(20’);1.79[ddd,J=12.3;8.4;3.8,H-C(4α)];1.68[ddd;J=13.3;10.1;8.4,H-C(4β)]; 1.53[dtd,J=16.1;6.9;3.8,H-C(3β),2OH];1.24[s,H3C(18)];1.18(s,H3C(17)];1.16[s,H3C(16)]。13C-NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):194.3[C(12’)];148.7[C(14)];141.5[C(13)];137.7[C(8)];137.6[C(15)];137.03[C(13’)];136.99[C(12)];136.8[C(9)];131.1[C(14)];130.95[C(10),C(7)];127.5[C(15’)];127.3[C(11)];82.2[C(5)];73.1[C(1)];55.7[C(6)];54.4[C(2)];40.0[C(4)];28.6[C(17)];27.5[C(16)];26.7[C(18)];25.1[C(3)];13.1[C(19)];13.0[C(20)];9.6[C(20’)]。IR(CHCl3):3680w,3620m,3460w,3015s,2980s,2415m,1670m,1605m,1530m、1490m,1425m,1215s,1050s,930m。MS(EI,70eV,270℃):384(100,M+);366(87);326(38);277(12);222(21);197(21);183(22);157(32);145(32);131(20);119(22);105(23);95(24);43(22)。UV/Vis(CH3COOC2H5):410nm。
从鏻盐(X;Ph=苯基,X1-=Br)的1’R,2’S,3’R-异构体开始,以上述方式得到十三碳六烯醛(Ⅻ)的1’R,2'S,3’R-异构体。
实施例9
第二Wittig反应Ⅻ+ⅩⅢ→Ⅱ
将59mg(0.16mmol)2,7,11-三甲基-13-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-十三碳-2,4,6,8,10,12-六烯醛和94mg(0.17mmol)(3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,4,6,10-四烯基)三苯基鏻溴化物在5ml二氯甲烷中的溶液用1ml 1N氢氧化钠溶液处理,反应混合物在回流温度加热90分钟。处理是将溶液随后分配在乙酸乙酯和水之间,分出水相,有机相氯化钠溶液洗涤,用无水硫酸镁干燥并减压蒸发。残余物通过用硅胶和己烷和乙酸乙酯2∶1的混合物柱层析纯化。
以此方式得到38mg(67μmol,至少为理论产率的43%)2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇的(E/Z)-异构体混合物形式,为红色粉末。为了进一步纯化,例如可以用己烷重结晶,给出(全-E)-异构体,m.p.78分解。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):6.63[dd,J=15,0;11,1,H-C(11’)];6.63[dd,J=14.9;11.3,H-C
(11)];6.63[m,H-C(15),H-C(15’)];6.51[dd,J=15.1;11.0,H-C(7’)];6.36[d,J=14.9;
H-C(12)];6.35[d,J=15.0,H-C(12’)];6.26[d,J=15.1,H-C(8’)];6.25[d,J=15.7,H-C(8)];
6.23[m,H-C(14),H-C(14’)];6.19[d,J=11.1,H-C(10’)];6.16[d,J=11.3,H-C(10)];5.94
[d,J=11.0,H-C(6’)];5.73[dd,J=15.7;9.0,H-C(7)];5.16[m,H-C(2’)];2.30[ddd,
J=17.1;10.1;7.0,H-C(2)];2.23[dd,J=10.1;9.0,H-C(6)];2.12[m,H2-C(3’),H2-C(4’)];
1.98[s,H3C(20),H3C(20’)];1.97[s,H3C(19)];1.95[m,H-C(3α)];1.94[s,H3C(19’)];
1.82[s,H3C(18’)];1.79[ddd,J=12.3;8.4;3.8,H-C(4α)];1.68[s,H3C(16’)];1,.67[m,
H-C(4β)];1.62[s,H3C(17’)];1.53[m,H-C(3β)];1.24[s,H3C(16)];1.19[s,H3C(18)];1.18
[s,H3C(17)]。
13C-NMR(75,5MHz,CDCl3):139.5[C(5’)];138.2[C(8)];138.0[C(12)];137.3
[C(12’)];136.7[C(13’)];136.3[C(9’)];136.2[C(13)];135.4[C(8’)];134.9[C(9)];132.9
[C(14)];132.5[C(14’)];131.8[C(1’)];131.6[C(10’)];131.5[C(10)];130.3[C(15)];129.9
[C(15’)];129.4[C(7)];125.7[C(6’)];125.2[C(11’)];124.8[C(7’)];124.6[C(11)];123.9
[C(2’)];82.2[C(5)];73.1[C(1)];55.6[C(6)];54.3[C(2)];40.2[C(4’)];39.7[C(4)];28.5
[C(16));27.4[C(17)];26.7[C(3’)+C(18)];25.7[C(16’)];25,1[C(3)];17.7[C(17’)];17.0
[C(18’)];13.1[C(19)];12.9[C(19’)];12.8[C(20)+C(20’)]。
IR(CHCl3):3640w,3600m,3440w,3010s,2980s,2860m,2390m,1515m,1470w,
1415m,1220s,1045s。
MS(EI,70eV,300℃):570(52,M+);552(2);478(14);464(12);223(19);209(25);159
(52);145(62);133(36);105(62);91(43);69(31);55(20);43(100)。
UV/Vis(CH3COOC2H5):491,459,433nm;(石油醚):487,455,429 nm。
从十三碳六烯醛(Ⅻ)的1’R,2’S,3’R-异构体开始,以上述方式得到具有如下圆二色性数据(CD)的2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇(Ⅱ)的全-E,2R,5R,6S异构体。CD(乙醚∶异戊烷∶乙醇5:5:2,-180℃):216 5(-3.8,neg.max),228(+1.7,pos.max),244(+0.2,pos.max),283.5(+0.6,pos.max),297.5(+3.0,pos.max),443.5 (-4.9,neg.max),455(-3.6,pos.max),469(-7.2,neg.max),498(-3.4,pos max),504(-8.5,neg,max),515.5(-1.4,pos.max)。
实施例10
烯化Ⅷ→ⅩⅣ
在氩气保护下,将900mg氢化钠(约20mmol)在汽油中的约55%油悬浮液放入30ml二甲氧基甲烷中,将混合物冷却至-30℃。然后以使温度保持低于-20℃的方式喷雾4.5ml(22.5mmol)三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯在5.5ml二甲氧基乙烷中的溶液。混合物在-25℃至-20℃搅拌45分钟,然后以使温度保持低于-15℃的方式喷雾2g(6.67mmol)4-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-丁烯-2-酮(如实施例5所述制备)在3ml二甲氧基乙烷中的溶液。将反应搅拌16小时,在此期间温热至室温。为了处理,往溶液中小心地加入10ml饱和氯化铵溶液,分出的水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并的有机相用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥并减压蒸发。残余物的纯化通过用硅胶和乙酸乙酯在己烷中的15-40%的混合物快速层析进行。
以此方式得到1.19g[理论产率的48%;以反应的环戊基丁酮(Ⅷ)为基础为98%产率,保留1.03g未反应的原料]5-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基-环戊基]-3-甲基-戊-2,4-二烯酸乙酯。得到无色油状产物,由戊二烯酸酯(ⅩⅣ)的顺-反异构体混合物组成。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.55[d,J=6.1,H-C(4)cis];6.16[m,H-C(4)trans,H-C(5)];5.71[s,H-C(2)trans];5.62[s,H-C(2)cis];4.13[m,H2-C(1)];2.31[m,H-C(3’)];2.29[s,CH3-C(3)trans];2.12[m,H-C(2’)];2.00[s,CH3-C(3)cis];1.96[m,H-C(4’)];1.80[m,H-C(5’)];1.55[m,H-C(4’),H-C(5’)];1.27[t,J=6.2,Me(2)];1.24,1.22,1.18,1.16,1.15,1.14[6s,CH3-C(1’),CH3-C(1”),CH3(2”)]13C-NMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3):167.3/166.4[C(1)];152.4/151,1[C(3)];141.8/140.4[C(5)];134.6/128.9[C(4)];117.9/115.9[C(2)];85.5/85.4[C(1’)];73.3/73.2[C(1”)];59.6/59.5[C(1)];57.7/57.4[C(2’)];54.6/54.3[C(3’)];40.5[C(5’)];28.3/28.2[C(2’)];27.7/27.2[CH3-C(1’)];26.1/25.9[CH3-C(1”)];25.4/25.2[C(4’)];21.2[CH3- C(3)];14,3/13,8[C(2)]。
IR(CHCl3):3550w,2965s,2875m,2455w,1690s,1630s,1610s,1450m,1375s,
1350m,1250s,1150s,1090s,1040s,1015m,1000m,975m,940m。
MS(EI,70eV,150℃):368(M+,98);353(12);335(11);309(98),278(21),263
(21);232(15);174(20);143(100);73(34)。
实施例11
还原和脱保护ⅩⅣ→ⅩⅤ
在氩气保护下,将200mg(0.54mmol)5-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基-环戊基]-3-甲基-戊-2,4-二烯酸乙酯在3ml己烷中的溶液冷却至-65℃,并以使反应混合物的温度不超过-60℃的方式喷雾4ml 1M二异丁基氢化铝溶液。溶液在1小时内温热至室温。然后小心地喷雾3ml饱和氯化铵溶液,分出的水相用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,将合并的有机相蒸发,溶于6ml四氢呋喃中,用0.5ml 2M盐酸处理。产生的溶液搅拌30分钟并分配于乙酸乙酯和水之间,分出的水相用乙酸乙酯萃取3次。合并的有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥并蒸发,残余物用硅胶和乙酸乙酯在己烷中30-100%的混合物进行快速层析。
以此方式得到20mg(理论产率的14.5%)5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基-戊-2,4-二烯-1-醇白色固体。1H-NMR(300MHz,dimethvl sulphoxide):6.27[d,J=15.8,H-C(4)];5.94[d,J=15.8,H-C(4)];5.67[dd,J=15.6;8.4,H-C(5)];5.60[dd,J=15.8;8.6,H-C(5)];5.43[t,J=6.6,H-C(2)];5.30[t,J=6.6,H-C(2)];4.53[t,J=6.6,OH];4.05[m,H2-C(1)];3.88[t,J=6.6;OH];3.33[s,OH];2.03[m,H-C(2’),H-C(3’)];1.76[s,CH3-C(3)];1.75[m,H-C(5’)];1.68[s,CH3-C(3)];1.56[m,H-C(4’),H-C(5’)];1.44[m,H-C(4’)];1.06/1.05/1.01/0.98/0.97[5s,CH3-C(1’),CH3-C(1”),CH3(2”)]。13C-NMR(75.5MHz,dimethyl sulphoxide):135.1/132.2[C(5)];134.7/127.3[C(4)];129.9/128.4[C(2)];57.7/56.9[C(1)];55.6/55.4[C(2’)];53.9/53.8[C(3’)];40.4/40.3[C(5’)];29.9/29.8/27.8/27.6/26.2[CH3-C(1’),CH3-C(1”),C(2”)];24.5[C(4’)];20.6/12.6[CH3-C(3)]。 IR(CHCl3):3685m,3610m,3420m,3010s,2970s,2925m,1605m,1515w,1420m,1380m,1230s,1050m,1030m,1010m,975w,930m。MS(EI,70eV,150℃):236(M+-18.18);218(14);203(12);178(61),160(25),145(25);120(100);105(39);93(22);59(18);43(24)。
实施例12
磷盐形成ⅩⅤ→Ⅹ
将20mg(0.078mmol)5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基-戊-2,4-二烯-1-醇和30mg(0.086mmol)溴化三苯基鏻溶于2ml甲醇中,溶液在室温下,氮气中遮光搅拌29小时。然后,将反应混合物引入约100ml冰-冷却的叔丁基甲基醚中,以此方式产生的鏻盐沉淀出来。倾析上层清液并过滤后,收集的沉淀用叔丁基甲基醚洗涤并减压干燥。
以从方式得到29.3mg(理论产率的65%)(5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基-戊-2,4-二烯基)三苯基鏻溴化物白色固体。此产物可根据实施例8和9被转化为2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇。
Claims (11)
1.生产下式番茄红素代谢物2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇(Ⅱ)的方法,该方法包括将下式的乙酸α-萜品酯进行氧化性二羟基化成为下式的4-(1-乙酰基-1-甲基乙基)-1-甲基环己烷-1,2-二醇[环己二醇(Ⅳ)],将该环己二醇(Ⅳ)氧化裂解为下式的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-6-氧代庚醛[酮醛(Ⅴ)],使该酮醛(Ⅴ)分子内醛醇缩合为下式的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-甲基环戊醇[环戊醇(Ⅵ)],将该环戊醇(Ⅵ)甲硅烷基化为下式的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊烷[甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)],使该甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)用丙酮进行C3-链加长,同时皂化裂解乙酰基,给出下式的4-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-丁烯-2-酮[环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)],使该环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)与乙烯基溴化镁反应给出下式的5-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-1,4-二烯-3-醇[戊二烯醇(Ⅸ)],将戊二烯醇(Ⅸ)用甲硅烷基化羟基的脱保护而转化为下式的(5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯)三苯基鏻盐
2.生产下式番茄红素代谢物2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇的方法,该方法包括将下式的乙酸α-萜品酯氧化性二羟基化为下式的4-(1-乙酰基-1-甲基乙基)-1-甲基环己烷-1,2-二醇[环己二醇(Ⅳ)],将该环己二醇(Ⅳ)氧化裂解为下式的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-6-氧代庚醛[酮醛(Ⅴ)],使该酮醛(Ⅴ)分子内醛醇缩合为下式的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-甲基环戊醇[环戊醇(Ⅵ)],将该环戊醇(Ⅵ)甲硅烷基化为下式的3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊烷[甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)],使该甲酰基环戊烷(Ⅶ)用丙酮进行C3-链加长,同时皂化裂解乙酰基,给出下式的4-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-丁烯-2-酮[环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)],使该环戊基丁烯酮(Ⅷ)与三烷基膦酰基乙酸酯在碱存在下Homer-Emmons烯化给出对应的下式5-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯酸烷基酯其中烷基表示C1-6-烷基,[戊二烯酸酯(ⅩⅣ)],使该戊二烯酸酯(ⅩⅣ)甲硅烷基化的羟基脱保护还原,给出下式的5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯-1-醇[戊二烯醇(ⅩⅤ)],并将该戊二烯醇(ⅩⅤ)转化为下式的(5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯基)三苯基鏻盐其中Ph表示苯基,而X1-表示卤化物或硫酸氢盐,[鏻盐(Ⅹ)],使该鏻盐(Ⅹ)与下式的2,7-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯-1,8-二醛[C10-二醛(Ⅺ)]进行Wittig反应,给出下式的2,7,11-三甲基-13-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-十三碳-2,4,6,8,10,12-六烯醛[十三碳六烯醛(Ⅻ)],并使该十三碳六烯醛(Ⅻ)与下式的(3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,4,6,10-四烯基)三苯基鏻盐其中Ph表示苯基,而X2-表示卤化物或硫酸氢盐,[鏻盐(ⅩⅢ)]进行Wittig反应,给出所需的式Ⅱ的2,6-环番茄红素-1,5-二醇。
3.3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-6-氧代-庚醛。
4.3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-甲基环戊醇。
5.3-(1-乙酰氧基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲酰基-1-甲基-1-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊烷。
6.4-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基-环戊基]-3-丁烯-2-酮。
7.5-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基-环戊基]-3-甲基戊-1,4-二烯-3-醇。
8.下式的5-[5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-2-三甲基甲硅烷氧基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯酸烷基酯其中烷基表示C1-6-烷基。
9.5-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-3-甲基戊-2,4-二烯-1-醇。
11.2,7,11-三甲基-13-[2-羟基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基环戊基]-十三碳-2,4,6,8,10,12-六烯醛。
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US09/168,143 US6008417A (en) | 1997-10-20 | 1998-10-07 | Process for making metabolites of lycopene |
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EP1532108B1 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2016-06-29 | Cardax Pharma, Inc. | Astaxanthin esters for the inhibition and amelioration of disease |
US20050009788A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-01-13 | Lockwood Samuel Fournier | Carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for controlling connexin 43 expression |
US7521584B2 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2009-04-21 | Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease |
US7763649B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2010-07-27 | Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Carotenoid analogs or derivatives for controlling connexin 43 expression |
US7375133B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2008-05-20 | Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical compositions including carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease |
US7320997B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2008-01-22 | Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical compositions including carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease |
US7723327B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2010-05-25 | Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Carotenoid ester analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of liver disease |
US20050148517A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-07-07 | Lockwood Samuel F. | Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for controlling connexin 43 expression |
US20050026874A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-02-03 | Lockwood Samuel Fournier | Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of liver disease |
US7345091B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2008-03-18 | Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Carotenoid ether analogs or derivatives for the inhibition and amelioration of disease |
US7401104B2 (en) * | 2003-08-21 | 2008-07-15 | Microsoft Corporation | Systems and methods for synchronizing computer systems through an intermediary file system share or device |
ATE526332T1 (de) | 2004-04-30 | 2011-10-15 | Daiichi Seiyaku Co | Verfahren zur herstellung von pentacyclischem taxan |
US20090099061A1 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2009-04-16 | Foss Bente J | Synthesis of carotenoid analogs or derivatives with improved antioxidant characteristics |
US8063101B2 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2011-11-22 | Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Carotenoid analogs and derivatives for the prevention of platelet aggregation |
CN104592076A (zh) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-05-06 | 浙江医药股份有限公司新昌制药厂 | α-胡萝卜素的制备方法 |
US10590152B2 (en) | 2017-12-14 | 2020-03-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Pinene-based flame retardant compounds |
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US5166445A (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1992-11-24 | Hoffman-La Roche Inc. | Method for the manufacture of carotinoids and the novel intermediates |
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US6271408B1 (en) | 2001-08-07 |
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