CN1215350C - Infrared refraction and diffraetion two-waveband optical imaging apparatus - Google Patents
Infrared refraction and diffraetion two-waveband optical imaging apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1215350C CN1215350C CN 02118850 CN02118850A CN1215350C CN 1215350 C CN1215350 C CN 1215350C CN 02118850 CN02118850 CN 02118850 CN 02118850 A CN02118850 A CN 02118850A CN 1215350 C CN1215350 C CN 1215350C
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to an infrared refraction and diffraction double-band optical imaging device which relates to an improvement for an infrared refraction single-band optical imaging system structure. The present invention comprises a lens 1, a lens 2, a refraction and diffraction mixed lens 3, a cold light column 4 and an image plane 5, wherein a binary optical lens of the refraction and diffraction mixed lens is successfully introduced in the design of an infrared double-band system. Silicon and germanium of two kinds of general infrared material are used so that a vertical axial aberration, a vertical axial color difference and an axial aberration for correcting the system can be well completed simultaneously in two bands of 3.2 to 4.5 mum and 8 to 11 mum. Wavefront differences are more than 1/4 of wavelength, and an optical transfer function is close to or achieves a diffraction limit. The system has cold light column efficiency of 100 % and a long back working distance. In addition, requirements for a technological level are decreased. The system has the advantages of compact structural design, few sheet and high transmission ratio and has good correcting optical aberration characteristics. The device is suitable for imaging in the medium wave infrared and thermal infrared band of an infrared band.
Description
Technical field: the invention belongs to optical imaging system, relate to a kind of improvement to infrarefraction two waveband optical imaging system structure.
Background technology: infrared radiation mainly contain near infrared (0.75～2.5 μ m) wave band, in infrared (3.2～4.5 μ m) and three atmospheric windows of thermal infrared (8～14 μ m) wave band.Present infrared optical system is most to be certain single band system wherein.The single band imaging technique from the unit to the linear array and the development of focal plane quite perfect, but obtaining message context owing to be confined to single wave band, therefore still have very big deficiency, especially at military aspect, owing to use the difference in zone, the change of climate temperature, the camouflage of target, the information that single wave band obtains just weakens naturally, and owing to the operation of target itself or the change of behavior reason such as cause that radiation wave band moves, make imaging system survey fall short or detection accuracy decline, perhaps form glitch.Thereby abroad, for viability and the discovery unfriendly target that improves self proposed the dual-waveband imaging systematic research very early, make infrared optical system in abundant information, tone interpretation, three-dimensional remote sensing, distinguish true from false, the inhibition of clutter background, counterreconnaissance, anti-stealthy, multiple target tracking and round-the-clock aspect of performance have incomparable advantage, as shown in Figure 1 be exactly a traditional dioptric system structure, include lens 1-1, lens 1-2, lens 1-3.
Summary of the invention: make positive light coke enlarge markedly in order to solve traditional refraction type two waveband optical system achromatism negative lens, total system complex structure, huge, heavy, the dioptric system achromatism can make most of refractive surface crooked serious, strengthened monochromatic aberration, particularly in two wave bands, because spectral band is wide, correcting chromatic aberration problem such as have any problem the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of infrarefraction and diffraction two waveband optical imaging device simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts technical scheme as shown in Figure 2 to comprise first lens 1, second lens 2, refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3, cold stop 4, picture plane 5, it is characterized in that: be mounted with first lens 1 along direction of beam propagation, second lens 2, refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3, cold stop 4, be equipped with refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3 between second lens 2 and the cold stop 4, between refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3 and picture plane 5, place cold stop 4, first lens 1 and second lens 2 are refracting elements, surface preparation at refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3 has diffraction surfaces 6 and plane of refraction 7, the diffraction surfaces 6 of refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3 can be placed on the side near cold stop 4, the diffraction surfaces 6 of refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3 also can be placed on the side near the rear surface 8 of second lens 2, the placement of the plane of refraction 7 of refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3 is opposite with diffraction surfaces 6, plane or sphere or aspheric surface are adopted in the substrate of diffraction surfaces 6, the front surface 9 of second lens 2 may be selected to be sphere, rear surface 8 may be selected to be aspheric surface and comes spherical aberration corrector, aberrations such as coma, the focal power that refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3 is finished some is distributed.First lens 1 and refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3 adopt Si, second lens 2 to adopt the Ge infra-red material to make.
When the present invention works, in the middle of the light of 8～11 mu m wavebands of infrared 3.2～4.5 mu m wavebands and thermal infrared when being positive first lens 1 by focal power, the light of these two wave bands converges main generation spherical aberration simultaneously, aberration, a series of aberrations such as coma, divergence of beam has been proofreaied and correct most aberration during again by second lens 2, spherochromatism, the aspheric surface of second lens 2 then can well coordinate to have proofreaied and correct spherical aberration, aberrations such as coma, during at last by refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3, having finished the focal power of most of quantity distributes, basically spherical aberration and coma have been eliminated, at this moment system also remains a part of aberration and spherochromatism, these are all finished and are born the focal power of sub-fraction system by the diffraction surfaces of refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3, it is poor to reach the color correction of extraordinary system, color correction spherical aberration effect.
Advantage of the present invention, in light path, add refraction diffraction hybrid lens, because refraction diffraction hybrid lens and traditional refracting element composition refraction/diffraction mixed optical system, light refraction and diffraction two specific characters have in the air been utilized, increase the degree of freedom in the optical design process, can break through many limitations of conventional optical systems.Because diffraction optical element has negative dispersion and positive light coke, show and the incomparable advantage of traditional dioptric system simultaneously.The invention is characterized in the elementary aberration and the spherochromatism of characteristics corrective system in two wave bands of utilizing diffraction lens.Utilize aspheric surface to coordinate lens combination and come spherical aberration corrector and coma.The introducing of refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3 has reduced the requirement to technological level, makes two waveband system design structure compact more, and the sheet number is few, and transmittance height, back work distance have good school aberration characteristic from length.For the infrared double-waveband optical design provides a cover brand-new system.The total system complex structure of background technology, huge, heavy, problems such as surface curvature is serious, monochromatic aberration is big, color correction difference difficulty have been solved, the present invention has designed a kind of simple in structure, assembling easily, cumulative errors is little, the transmissivity height, cold stop efficient 100%, back work distance helps debuging of infrared system from long, and infrarefraction diffraction two waveband optical imaging device is provided.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a background technology infrarefraction optical system structure synoptic diagram
Fig. 2 is the optical texture principle schematic of an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 3 is the image quality analysis figure of the present invention in the 3.2-4.5 mu m waveband
Wherein Fig. 3 A for the axial aberration that hangs down, Fig. 3 B be axial aberration,
Fig. 3 C is that chromatic longitudiinal aberration, Fig. 3 D are that optical transfer function, Fig. 3 E are wavefront difference.
Fig. 4 is the image quality analysis figure of the present invention in the 8-11 mu m waveband
Wherein: Fig. 4 A for the axial aberration that hangs down, Figure 43 be axial aberration,
Fig. 4 C is that chromatic longitudiinal aberration, Fig. 4 D are that optical transfer function, Fig. 4 E are wavefront difference.
Embodiment: accompanying drawing 2 in conjunction with the embodiments, and enforcement of the present invention is described further:
Selecting wave band when system design is 3.2～4.5 μ m, and 8～11 μ m, bore are that 30mm, field angle are that 3 °, system's focal length are the infrared double-waveband system of 67mm.Wherein the material of first lens 1 and refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3 is selected silicon, and second lens 2 are selected germanium.Can also select KCl, KBr, KI, NaCl, CsI, AgCl, ZnS, ZnSe, Ge, GaAs, the wherein combination of certain two kinds of material of CdTe of infrared and thermal infrared in simultaneously saturating for three mirror combined materials.
It is spherical mirror that first lens 1 adopt refractor; The front surface 9 of second lens 2 may be selected to be sphere, and rear surface 8 may be selected to be aspheric surface; The front surface 7 of refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3 may be selected to be aspheric surface, and the binary diffractive optic face can be selected in rear surface 6.In concrete enforcement, any one in can selective refraction face 7,8,9,10,11 or several face can be aspheric surface; The diffraction surfaces 6 of refraction diffraction hybrid lens 3 and plane of refraction 7 can transpositions, and the substrate of diffraction surfaces 6 can be plane or sphere, can be aspheric surfaces also, but according to fabrication process condition, generally select plane or sphere.
Fig. 3 is vertical axial aberration, axial aberration, chromatic longitudiinal aberration, the optical transfer function of optical system of the present invention imaging in the 3.2-4.5 mu m waveband, situation with wavefront difference, the vertical axial aberration that can see the system in the 3.2-4.5 mu m waveband among the figure is 26 μ m to the maximum, the maximum axial aberration is 0.058mm, maximum chromatic longitudiinal aberration is 0.001mm, optical transfer function reaches diffraction limit, and wavefront difference is 0.0326 λ
0
Fig. 4 is vertical axial aberration, axial aberration, chromatic longitudiinal aberration, the optical transfer function of optical system of the present invention imaging in 8-11 μ m (thermal infrared wave band) wave band, situation with wavefront difference, the vertical axial aberration that can see the system in the 8-11 mu m waveband is 40 μ m to the maximum, the maximum axial aberration is 0.105mm, maximum chromatic longitudiinal aberration is 0.0016mm, optical transfer function is near diffraction limit, and wavefront difference is 0.0879 λ
0System in the wavefront difference of two wave bands all less than 1/4 λ
0Less than the standard of image quality evaluation " Rayleigh criterion ", promptly when the maximum differential on actual corrugated and desirable corrugated was no more than λ/4, this corrugated can be regarded as flawless.And optical transfer function reaches or near diffraction limit, so the present invention can actually use.
Claims (2)
1, infrarefraction and diffraction two waveband optical imaging device, comprise first lens (1), second lens (2), cold stop (4), picture plane (5), it is characterized in that: also include refraction diffraction hybrid lens (3), be mounted with first lens (1) along direction of beam propagation, second lens (2), refraction diffraction hybrid lens (3), cold stop (4), be equipped with refraction diffraction hybrid lens (3) between second lens (2) and the cold stop (4), the front surface (9) of second lens (2) is chosen as sphere, rear surface (8) is chosen as aspheric surface and comes spherical aberration corrector, aberrations such as coma, refraction diffraction hybrid lens (3) is finished the focal power of some and is distributed, between refraction diffraction hybrid lens (3) and picture plane (5), place cold stop (4), first lens (1) and second lens (2) are refracting elements, surface preparation at refraction diffraction hybrid lens (3) has diffraction surfaces (6) and plane of refraction (7), the diffraction surfaces (6) of refraction diffraction hybrid lens (3) can be placed on the side near cold stop (4), the diffraction surfaces (6) of refraction diffraction hybrid lens (3) also can be placed on the side near second lens (2) rear surfaces (8), the placement of the plane of refraction (7) of refraction diffraction hybrid lens (3) is opposite with diffraction surfaces (6), plane or sphere or aspheric surface are adopted in the substrate of diffraction surfaces (6), first lens (1) are positive light coke, and second lens (2) are negative power.
2, infrarefraction according to claim 1 and diffraction two waveband optical imaging device is characterized in that: first lens (1) and refraction diffraction hybrid lens (3) adopt Si, second lens (2) to adopt the Ge infra-red material to make.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 02118850 CN1215350C (en) | 2002-04-29 | 2002-04-29 | Infrared refraction and diffraetion two-waveband optical imaging apparatus |
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| CN 02118850 CN1215350C (en) | 2002-04-29 | 2002-04-29 | Infrared refraction and diffraetion two-waveband optical imaging apparatus |
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| CN1215350C true CN1215350C (en) | 2005-08-17 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100405115C (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2008-07-23 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Optical imager of refraction and diffraction mixed polarized infrared thermal-imaging system |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102043246B (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2012-05-23 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Intermediate infrared imaging system |
| CN101813790B (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2012-10-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method for estimating distance of infrared small target by dual-band detector |
| CN102096124A (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2011-06-15 | 南京理工大学 | Infrared aspherical and aplanatic lens device |
| CN104297898B (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2017-04-19 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Large-field double-wave harmonic diffractive infrared optical system |
| CN109445069B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2023-11-14 | 福建福光天瞳光学有限公司 | Economical infrared athermalized lens and imaging method |
| CN114488508B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-08-15 | 中国人民解放军63921部队 | Long-focal-length large-caliber compact space telescopic imaging system and imaging device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100405115C (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2008-07-23 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Optical imager of refraction and diffraction mixed polarized infrared thermal-imaging system |
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