CN1213949A - 提高除草剂效力的聚合有机酸及其类似物 - Google Patents
提高除草剂效力的聚合有机酸及其类似物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种除草剂组合物包括一种除草剂、少量的只提高除草剂吸收有效量的水溶性的非芳族诸如聚天冬氨酸的聚合有机酸,或者它们的盐或其共聚物。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及除草剂。更具体地说,本发明主要涉及一种通过提高杂草对除草剂的吸收效力以实现除去杂草目的的改进方法。
本发明所使用的除草剂是众所周知的除草剂种类。精细的除草剂本身不形成本发明的部分。适宜的除草剂可以是取代的尿素除草剂、氨基甲酸酯除草剂、氯乙酰胺、三嗪、N-乙酰苯胺、吗啉衍生物、甲苯胺和clomazone衍生物等。
这些种类的除草剂在技术上是已知的,并且它们以各种各样的诸如以Harness、Dual ll、Frontier、Extrazine、Command、Canopy、Sencor、Lasso、Prowl、Eradicane、Atrazine、Extrazine和Dual命名的商标出售。从广义化学来说,大多数除草剂分类为取代的尿素除草剂、氨基甲酸酯、硫代氨基甲酸酯除草剂、氯化烃、三嗪、甲苯胺、clomazone衍生物、吗啉和/或N-乙酰苯胺。
尽管上述化合物已是有效的除草剂,但是已经知道它们也对环境污染有危险。为了使环境污染的危险减少到最低限度,试图总是不断努力地提高已知除草剂的效力,并从除草剂效能的观点出发,较少地使用除草剂的活性成份就能达到其同样水平的效力。
因此,本发明的首要目的是提供一种组合物,该组合物能提高某种除草剂的效力,特别优选的是诸如Diuron的尿素除草剂,Sutan的氨基甲酸酯和硫代氨基甲酸酯除草剂,Metolachlor的氯乙酰胺,Alachlor的N-乙酰苯胺,以及二甲氧基吗啉(dimethomorph)的吗啉衍生物。
本发明的另一目的是通过提高杂草的外表层细胞膜对除草剂的吸收力以达到提高除草剂效力的目的,从而实质上提高了除草剂的效力,因此,允许应用时所要求的施用量缩减。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种能提高除草剂效力的组合物,该组合物使用一种不会引起环境反感的、无污染的添加剂。
本发明的另一目的是在干旱或持续降雨期的不利天气条件下,提高除草剂对杂草组织的渗透性。
完成上述目的的方法和手段按如下本发明的详细说明描述。
发明概要
一种除草剂组合物包括尿素除草剂、氨基甲酸酯除草剂、氯乙酰胺除草剂、N-乙酰苯胺、吗啉衍生物的除草剂,该除草剂与能提高吸收有效量的水溶性的非芳族聚合有机酸或含其酸的盐混合。特别优选的是聚天冬氨酸。本发明主要涉及一种通过加入聚天冬氨酸提高除草剂对杂草细胞膜的渗透性,从而提高了除草剂的剂量效力的方法。
发明的详细说明
本发明以如下事实为前提的。正如早已公认的美国专利第5,350,735号,及其后续申请部分,即申请日为1994年9月27日的第08/313,436号、申请日为1995年5月11日的第08/439,279号、以及申请日为1995年5月23日的第08/447,784号专利申请所提到的,于此,所有公开的资料均表明已经发现某种化合物,即聚合有机氨基酸,能有效地提高诸如尿素除草剂的除草剂渗透于杂草的外表面细胞的能力。
当然,本发明不止限定于对特定杂草的处理,而且能有效地使用于包括水果、谷物、蔬菜、花卉和装饰的任何农业、园艺作物中的普通杂草的处理。本发明也用于后突出体情况的应用,除草剂可用于控制比如草坪、花园、房屋周围、农场建筑物、谷物仓库以及温室等地方的杂草。用于后突出体除草剂与本发明混合的例子,包括Banvel的一种麦草畏的盐、百草枯二氯化物、草甘膦、2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸以及常规所用的除草油。
总的说来,简单地向液态除草剂中加入聚合有机酸,通常聚天冬氨酸与杀虫剂的重量比为1∶100~100∶1。
本发明适合于实际的聚合有机酸必须是水溶性的非芳族聚合有机酸,而且所具有的分子量大到足以阻碍其渗入植物体系内。至此,以线形高聚物链构成的聚合有机酸的分子量大约大于100,000时,非芳族聚合有机酸单元(残基)或者基体通常显示本发明的目的物难溶于水。因此对本发明的目的物而言,优选聚合有机酸分子量大约不大于100,000。特别优选分子量的范围大约为1,500~100,000。
举例说明的聚合有机酸包括:存在或者不存在羧酸、硫代羧酸、亚氨羧酸,和/或氨基侧链,例如聚丙烯酸、聚衣康酸、聚环氧琥珀酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、聚马来酸、聚富马酸、聚赖氨酸、聚谷氨酸、聚天冬氨酸、聚甘氨酸、聚半胱氨酸、聚半胱氨酸/谷氨酸以及上述的混合物,或者它们的盐及其共聚物等。因此,几种有机酸的块状或无规则的共聚物或三元共聚物也包含在本发明作为该聚合有机酸组份的范围内。例如,所利用的聚合有机酸组份可以是一种块状的天冬氨酸残基和L-乳酸残基的共聚物、一种无规则的天冬氨酸残基和乙醇酸残基的共聚物、一种由通过氨基酸残基链彼此相连的一个或多个聚羧酸残基构成的共轭蛋白,以及丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺的共聚物等。
有机酸的共聚物在商业上是可得到的。此外,这种聚合酸,尤其是聚氨基酸通过热缩合方法而特别制得。例如,参看由Koskan,Little等人发明的美国专利第5,057,597号、《美国化学学会》1991年97卷第263~279页,以及由Harada等人发明的美国专利第4,696,981号。
由于上述说明已经介绍过特别提到的诸如Atrazine、Lasso和Dual ll的典型的除草剂,因此,其它众所周知的除草剂同样能够适用于如下所示的实施例中可看到的所增加的效力。
与诸如聚天冬氨酸的聚合有机酸混合的除草剂,可以通过直接喷淋、涂粉、浸润而施用,可以以粒状式的湿粉气溶胶作用于土壤和树叶。它可以借助所选择的除草剂施用于先突出体或后突出体。简而言之,这种施用方法是无可指责的。
除草剂可以用于作物也是无可指责的,通常包括任何普通使用的民用谷类作物、船运作物以及水果和蔬菜。这类作物可以是玉米、大豆、苜蓿、麦子、燕麦、土豆、苹果、橙子、西红柿和绿豆,并且通常包括单子叶植物和双子叶植物。
下面进一步说明所提供的实施例,并通过本发明的组合物与单独的除草剂比较说明本发明所提高的除草剂效力,但并不必限定于本方法。这种没有脱离本发明所描述的精神实质和范围的方法和组合物对技术的普通技能所进行的改良是显而易见的。
实施例1~7
在下面的实施例中,用罐装的作物做实验,可以说明与聚合有机酸特别是本发明的聚天冬氨酸相混的典型的除草剂,具有更好的效果。在这些实验中,浓度为25ppm、分子量为5,000的聚天冬氨酸,以重量计算为基础,与罐装的土壤混合。罐里种植麦子,将除草剂以 0.05磅/英亩~0.1磅/英亩的含量喷淋于罐中,并且往罐中注入水以使罐中的除草剂活化。隔两个星期后,杂草长出,这样可以测得生物量的缩减量。
如下表1所示,可以看出本发明的除草剂对先突出体和早期突出体,均能有效地抗阔叶杂草、青草和年度青草的生长。
表1
除草剂 杂草 施用量 生物量的缩减量 生物量的缩减量
(Lb ai/A) (单独) (含有聚合有机酸)
Harness 狐尾状植物 0.03 45 90Dual ll 狐尾状植物 0.07 61 89Frontier 狐尾状植物 0.04 78 92Extrazine狐尾状植物 0.25 62 97Harness 绒状叶 1.0 70 90Atrazine 绒状叶 0.25 46 95Extrazine 绒状叶 0.3 29 99 |
实施例8~11
实施例1~7的温室实验已证实实际产量数据所检出的效力。特别是分子量为5,000的聚天冬氨酸以2夸脱/英亩的量施用于大豆,并且轻轻地用圆盘耙耕土壤。
除草剂以常规的标明所推荐的量施用。结果记录在表2中。
表2
大豆的产量数据除草剂 单独除草剂的产量 附加聚天冬氨酸的(每英亩) 产量
Command/Canopy 47蒲式耳/英亩 58蒲式耳/英亩Command/Sencor 51蒲式耳/英亩 56蒲式耳/英亩Lasso 58蒲式耳/英亩 63蒲式耳/英亩Prowl 38蒲式耳/英亩 51蒲式耳/英亩 |
与实施例8~11表2的步骤相似,用美国伊利诺斯的玉米进行实验。表3记录结果。又,特殊除草剂所推荐的剂量以每英亩的施用量为基准,所用聚天冬氨酸的量如实验表2所记录。
实施例12~16
表3
玉米的产量数据除草剂 产量(W/O) 含有聚天冬氨酸的产量
聚天冬氨酸
Eradicane/Atrazine 178蒲式耳/英亩 184蒲式耳/英亩Extrazine 188蒲式耳/英亩 199蒲式耳/英亩Dual/Atrazine 168蒲式耳/英亩 180蒲式耳/英亩Frontier/Atrazine 136蒲式耳/英亩 146蒲式耳/英亩 |
从上述实施例可以看出,聚天冬氨酸能有效地提高除草剂吸收效力。总之,聚天冬氨酸与除草剂相混所需的剂量的值大约为0.01~5.0加仑/英亩,最理想的值大约为0.5加仑/英亩。聚合有机酸在溶液中的立方量的范围通常为20%~60%,优选为40%~42%。优选聚天冬氨酸的平均分子量为5,000。
Claims (23)
1.一种除草剂组合物,它包括:一种除草剂、少量的只提高除草剂吸收有效量的水溶性的非芳族聚丙烯酸、聚衣康酸、聚环氧琥珀酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、聚马来酸、聚富马酸、聚赖氨酸、聚谷氨酸、聚天冬氨酸、聚甘氨酸、聚半胱氨酸、聚半胱氨酸/谷氨酸以及上述的混合物,或者它们的盐或其共聚物。
2.一种除草剂组合物,它包括:一种除草剂、少量的只提高除草剂吸收有效量的水溶性的非芳族聚合有机酸或者它们的盐,所述的聚合有机酸或者它们的盐是选自含有聚天冬氨酸、聚谷氨酸、聚甘氨酸、聚赖氨酸、半胱氨酸和谷氨酸的共聚物,以及半胱氨酸和谷氨酸和天冬氨酸的三元共聚物中的一种聚氨基酸或所述酸的共聚物;所述的聚氨基酸的分子量大于1,500。
3.如权利要求1所述的除草剂组合物,其中所述的除草剂选自含有取代的尿素除草剂、氨基甲酸酯除草剂、氯乙酰胺、三嗪、N-乙酰苯胺、吗啉衍生物、甲苯胺和clomazone衍生物的除草剂。
4.如权利要求2所述的除草剂组合物,其中所述的除草剂是一种取代的碱式尿素除草剂。
5.如权利要求2所述的除草剂组合物,其中所述的除草剂是一种氨基甲酸酯。
6.如权利要求2所述的除草剂组合物,其中所述的除草剂是氯乙酰胺。
7.如权利要求2所述的除草剂组合物,其中所述的聚氨基酸是聚天冬氨酸。
8.如权利要求2所述的除草剂组合物,其中所述的聚天冬氨酸所具有分子量的范围大约为1,500~100,000。
9.如权利要求8所述的除草剂组合物,其中所述的聚氨基酸是分子量的范围大约为3,000~40,000的聚天冬氨酸。
10.如权利要求1所述的除草剂组合物,其中所述的非芳族聚合有机酸或其盐的数量是聚天冬氨酸与除草剂的重量比大约为1∶100~100∶1。
11.如权利要求1所述的除草剂组合物,其中所述的非芳族聚合有机酸或其盐的数量是聚天冬氨酸与除草剂的重量比大约为1∶100~20∶1。
12.如权利要求2所述的除草剂组合物,其中所述的除草剂是一种尿素除草剂;所述的聚合有机酸或其盐是分子量为3,000~40,000的聚天冬氨酸。
13.如权利要求2所述的除草剂组合物,其中所述的除草剂是一种氨基甲酸酯;所述的聚合有机酸或其盐是分子量为3,000~40,000的聚天冬氨酸。
14.如权利要求2所述的除草剂组合物,其中所述的除草剂是一种氯乙酰胺;所述的聚合有机酸或其盐是分子量为3,000~40,000的聚天冬氨酸。
15.一种提高除草剂吸收效力的方法,所述的方法包括:加入少量的只提高杀虫剂吸收有效量的水溶性的非芳族聚合有机酸或其盐,所述的聚合有机酸或其盐是选自含有聚天冬氨酸、聚谷氨酸、聚甘氨酸、聚赖氨酸、半胱氨酸和谷氨酸的共聚物,以及半胱氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸的三元共聚物中的一种聚氨基酸或所述酸的共聚物;所述的聚氨基酸的分子量大于1,500。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述的聚氨基酸是聚天冬氨酸。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述的聚天冬氨酸所具有分子量的范围大约为1,500~100,000。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述的聚氨基酸是分子量的范围大约为3,000~40,000的聚天冬氨酸。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述的非芳族聚合有机酸或其盐的数量是聚天冬氨酸与除草剂的重量比大约为1∶100~100∶1。
20.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述的非芳族聚合有机酸或其盐的数量是聚天冬氨酸与除草剂的重量比大约为1∶100~20∶1。
21.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述的除草剂是一种碱式尿素除草剂;所述的聚合有机酸或其盐是分子量为3,000~40,000的聚天冬氨酸。
22.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述的除草剂是一种氨基甲酸酯;所述的聚合有机酸或其盐是分子量为3,000~40,000的聚天冬氨酸。
23.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述的除草剂是一种N-乙酰苯胺;所述的聚合有机酸或其盐是分子量为3,000~40,000的聚天冬氨酸。
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CN106305718A (zh) * | 2016-08-20 | 2017-01-11 | 广东中迅农科股份有限公司 | 衣康酸的衍生物在除草剂乳油中的应用技术 |
CN108782553A (zh) * | 2017-05-05 | 2018-11-13 | 沧州鸿源农化有限公司 | 一种无人机抗漂移增效助剂组合物 |
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US5935909A (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 1999-08-10 | Donlar Corporation | Treatment of tree seedlings to enhance survival rate |
CA2619636C (en) | 2005-08-18 | 2014-04-15 | Regal Chemical Company | Polyaspartate slow release fertilizer |
US8361952B2 (en) | 2010-07-28 | 2013-01-29 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Stability enhancement agent for solid detergent compositions |
RU2584434C2 (ru) * | 2014-05-06 | 2016-05-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Малое инновационное предприятие "Кубанские агротехнологии" | Гербицидная композиция и способ повышения эффективности действия гербицида на основе глифосата |
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US5360892A (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1994-11-01 | Arch Development Corporation | Water and UV degradable lactic acid polymers |
DE59207084D1 (de) * | 1991-05-18 | 1996-10-17 | Hoechst Schering Agrevo Gmbh | Wässrige Dispersionen von Sulfonylharnstoffderivaten |
IL101930A (en) * | 1991-06-04 | 1996-07-23 | Sotac Corp | Preparation for soil treatment and the process of using it |
JPH05246863A (ja) * | 1992-03-05 | 1993-09-24 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | 農薬吸着剤 |
US5350735A (en) * | 1992-11-05 | 1994-09-27 | Donlar Corporation | Composition and method for enhanced fertilizer uptake by plants |
US5580840A (en) * | 1992-11-05 | 1996-12-03 | Donlar Corporation | Method and composition for preservation of cut flowers |
DE4310503A1 (de) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-10-06 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyasparaginsäure und ihre Salze |
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US5457176A (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1995-10-10 | Rohm And Haas Company | Acid catalyzed process for preparing amino acid polymers |
JP3384420B2 (ja) * | 1994-08-26 | 2003-03-10 | 味の素株式会社 | ポリアスパラギン酸塩の製造方法 |
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CN106305718A (zh) * | 2016-08-20 | 2017-01-11 | 广东中迅农科股份有限公司 | 衣康酸的衍生物在除草剂乳油中的应用技术 |
CN108782553A (zh) * | 2017-05-05 | 2018-11-13 | 沧州鸿源农化有限公司 | 一种无人机抗漂移增效助剂组合物 |
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CO4761013A1 (es) | 1999-04-27 |
AR006334A1 (es) | 1999-08-25 |
WO1997034481A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
BR9708228A (pt) | 1999-07-27 |
CA2248785A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
RU2171031C2 (ru) | 2001-07-27 |
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EP0888051A1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
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