CN1213356A - Process for production of laminated glass - Google Patents

Process for production of laminated glass Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1213356A
CN1213356A CN 97193000 CN97193000A CN1213356A CN 1213356 A CN1213356 A CN 1213356A CN 97193000 CN97193000 CN 97193000 CN 97193000 A CN97193000 A CN 97193000A CN 1213356 A CN1213356 A CN 1213356A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
laminated glass
manufacture method
glass
record
laminate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN 97193000
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
田中博一
佐藤良藏
宫功二
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd
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Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd
Publication of CN1213356A publication Critical patent/CN1213356A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10816Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
    • B32B17/10825Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts
    • B32B17/10834Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid
    • B32B17/10844Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid using a membrane between the layered product and the fluid
    • B32B17/10853Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using a fluid using a membrane between the layered product and the fluid the membrane being bag-shaped

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  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A process for producing a high-quality laminated glass for dimming glass through uniform bonding without generating any local stress, which comprises laminating glass sheets (3A,3B) with a dimming film (1) via interlayers (2A,2B) and heating the resulting laminate (4) by dipping it in a hot liquid. The interlayers (2A,2B) to be used are ones made of a modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer whose temperature-viscosity curve has a slope of -0.0097 to -0.01188 DEG C<-1> in a temperature range of 90 to 130 DEG C as plotted with common logarithm of viscosity as ordinate and temperature as abscissa.

Description

The manufacture method of laminated glass
Technical field
The invention relates to the manufacture method of laminated glass.Particularly about making the light modulation film between two layers of sheet glass, the best that forms the dimming glass of an integral body is made the method for laminated glass.
Background technology
Dimming glass is will be by the light modulation film that constitutes of light control materials such as polyethylene film holding liquid crystal (for example, NHTechno (strain) system UMU (registered trademark) film) of band nesa coating between two layers of sheet glass, and makes it form the glass of an integral body.
Past, the manufacturing of this dimming glass, it is the polyvinylbutyral as intermediate coat (PVB) film that between two layers of sheet glass, is configured to bonding light modulation film two sides, and carry out lamination, again this layered product is placed vacuum bag, under about 100 ℃, give heating, re-use autoclave and add hot pressing (hot pressing condition, for example, 7kg/cm 2, 105 ℃).
On the other hand, in general laminated glass such as decorating laminated glass are made, someone proposes, except do the intermediate coat of bonding usefulness, also use not need the sex change ethylene vinyl acetate (sex change EVA) of autoclave treated non-plastic type with PVB is intermediate coat, in the special fair 2-11541 communique, proposition is made intermediate coat with sex change EVA etc., this intermediate coat is clamped between two layers of sheet glass, packs in the vacuum bag with this state, dipping adds the manufacture method of thermosetting laminated glass in warm water.And open in the flat 5-286742 communique the spy, propose to make in the laminated glass using sex change EVA to make intermediate coat, be configured in liner in the vacuum bag by improvement, to eliminate the method for laminated glass distortion.
Past, the PVB intermediate coat that in dimming glass is made, uses.Handle owing to must carry out autoclave, increase so shortcoming is a cost of equipment.And owing to contain softening agent among the PVB, this softening agent immerses in the light modulation layer of dimming glass; make the inner deterioration of light modulation layer,, immerse for preventing softening agent because of there being this danger; four peripheries that must use protection to exchange optical thin film with sideband carry out encapsulation process, though necessary and be not suitable for.
To this, be intermediate coat if in general laminated glass, use sex change EVA, do not carry out autoclave and handle, or plasticizer-containing not, just can not produce the problem that softening agent causes yet.Yet using sex change EVA is intermediate coat, has following shortcoming.
That is, sex change EVA is that intermediate coat is compared with PVB, wants hard under general normal temperature environment, has in addition in the temperature province of normal temperature to 100 ℃, rises sharply the descend characteristic of (that is, viscosity/temperature curve very tilts) of viscosity with temperature.Therefore, when the pressurization in bonding process heats up, as have temperature deviation, in the low part of temperature, intermediate coat becomes harder than other parts, is easy to produce local stress in this part.On the one hand, the light modulation film is very weak to the local stress from the outside, and when particularly gripping object was liquid crystal, the little by little deviation that stress causes will cause the noticeable change of optical characteristics.For example, when using UMU thin film fabrication dimming glass, EVA makes intermediate coat with sex change, when adding heat bonding in common thermal source vacuum furnace, obviously there is the obscurity spot shape of said dimming glass in temperature distribution, and the result causes outward appearance unusual (partially transparentization).
Because this situation, the past as the intermediate coat of dimming glass, is intermediate coat without sex change EVA, and must use autoclave.As the countermeasure of softening agent, must use PVB to exchange the optical thin film periphery and seal.
Disclosure of an invention
The present invention its objective is the manufacture method that a kind of high quality laminated glass is provided for solving above-mentioned old problem, and the sex change EVA that is to use not autoclave processing can not have problems because of softening agent is an intermediate coat, does not produce local stress, can carry out evenly bonding.
The manufacture method of laminated glass of the present invention, it is characterized in that passing through resin film between several layers of sheet glass, and be bonded in the method for manufacturing laminated glass of an integral body, between above-mentioned sheet glass and resin film, make above-mentioned sheet glass and resin film laminated intermediate coat.Again this laminate is flooded in liquid, make the method for laminated glass by heating, as above-mentioned intermediate coat, use temperature (℃) be transverse axis (X-axis), the denary logarithm of viscosity (poise) ρ is that the obliquity of the temperature/viscosity line of the longitudinal axis (Y-axis) is-0.0097~-0.01188 ℃ in 90~130 ℃ scope -1The sex change ethylene vinyl acetate be intermediate coat.
Among the present invention, because using the obliquity of said temperature/viscosity line is intermediate coat than the lower sex change EVA of past specified range, promptly, use is an intermediate coat to the very little sex change EVA of the changes in hardness of temperature, simultaneously, as the heating adhesive means, adopting does not have temperature deviation to carry out dipping heating in the liquid of even heating, and local stress is controlled at the good bonding of minimum.This sex change EVA be intermediate coat preferably 5% spring rate be 5.4~8.0kg/cm 2℃.
With regard to its reason, the said temperature/viscosity line obliquity of past as the sex change EVA of the intermediate coat use of General Sandwich glass is about-0.0131 ℃ -1, 5% spring rate is about 12.7kg/cm 2℃, and, very big with respect to the changes in hardness of temperature, so the local stress of being easy to generate.
Method of the present invention is to using the light modulation thin film fabrication dimming glass a little less than the local stress effective especially.
The simple declaration of accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b and Fig. 1 c are the dimming glass manufacture method constructed profiles of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 be the sex change EVA that uses in embodiment and the comparative example with temperature (℃) be the denary logarithm of transverse axis (X-axis), viscosity (poise) ρ temperature/viscosity line synoptic diagram as the longitudinal axis (Y-axis).
The preferred plan that invention is implemented
In the inventive method, at first, as shown in Figure 1a, with intermediate coat 2A, 2B is configured in dimming film On two faces of 1, again with this dimming film 1 between 2 layers of glass plate 3A, form lamilated body between the 3B 4, again with this laminate 4 shown in Fig. 1 b, be stated from the substrate 5, lamilated body 4 around end face On stick square bar shape pad 6A, 6B uses deflection thin slice 7 with integral coating again. Use like this vavuum pump In the suction thin slice 7, under decompression state, keep certain hour, shown in Fig. 1 c, make vacuum bag Packaging body 8.
This vacuum bag packaging body 8 flooded heating in the hot liquids such as hot water after, colder at cold water etc. The dipping cooling makes lamilated body 4 be bonded into an integral body in the liquid. Afterwards, with vacuum bag packaging body 8 Dimming glass is taken out in Kaifeng.
Among the present invention, when making this dimming glass, as intermediate coat, use with temperature (℃) common logarithm of making transverse axis (X-axis), viscosity (poise) the ρ gradient of making the temperature of the longitudinal axis (Y-axis)/viscosity line is-0.0097~-0.01188 ℃ in 90~130 ℃-1, preferred 5% spring rate is 5.4~8.0 kg/cm2℃ sex change EVA be intermediate coat. As showing this temperature/viscosity line and 5% elasticity The sex change EVA of rate is intermediate coat, and MersenG7010 TOSOH (strain) system is for example arranged, temperature/ Viscosity line gradient is-0.0108 ℃-1, 5% spring rate: 7.0kg/cm2℃). Also have, this in Between the thickness of film, just the aspect such as the property processed, cementability is considered, is preferably 250~400 μ m.
Use this intermediate coat to carry out when bonding, the decompression degree of vacuum bag packaging body 8 will be lower than-700 MmHg particularly is lower than-730mmHg, for example be-730~-low pressure of 740mmHg, at this Kept under the decompression state 5~30 minutes, preferably kept 5~15 minutes. Heating-up temperature and heat time heating time, Separately according to used intermediate coat 2A, the material of 2B and glass plate 3A, the thickness of 3B and different, used thickness Be the glass 3A of 3~6mm, the intermediate coat 2A of 3B and MersenG7010 is during 2B, with vacuum Bag packaging body 8 is kept this decompression state, soaks in the hot water storgae that keeps between 90~100 ℃ of the uniform temperatures Steeped 5~20 minutes, and afterwards, keeping 20~60 ℃ of uniform temperatures again, cold between preferred 20~50 ℃ Dipping is 1~10 minute in the tank, preferred 1~5 minute. In addition, by the Hot water immersion time that prolongs, The glass plate that possible bond thickness 10mm is thick. This Hot water immersion heating and the cooling of cold water dipping can To heat uniformly, to cool off, be far superior to the heating of general Cycling hot-blast heating and heater, By reducing the inhomogeneities of this temperature, can prevent from the local stress load of dimming film 1 is sent out Give birth to.
As the flexible knee-piece 7 that vacuum bag is used, be to utilize the easy generation of suction elastically-deformable, decompression The soft matter that the section within it of spending can evenly conduct, the heat during preferably not because of the heat treated energy that goes bad Reusable, but general used thickness 0.1~3mm, preferred 0.1~2mm's, by neoprene, The sheet rubber such as chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, Al/ nylon, Al/PET, polypropylene (PP)/6-is anti-The systems such as the laminated film of the metal/synthetic resin such as synthetic fibre, PP/ polyester, the laminated film of synthetic resin/synthetic resin Become.
Liner 6A, 6B adjust usefulness in pressurization, and the heat during not because of heat treated goes bad, and can keep elasticity, and, Shore hardness is below 30, and preferred 6~7, specifically can use chloroprene rubber, isoprene-isobutylene rubber, silicon rubber, silicon foam, their laminate etc. to constitute.This liner 6A, 6B preferably be arranged on laminate 4 around on the end face, the thickness of liner 6A, 6B is taken as T, when the thickness of laminate 4 is taken as D, (T-D) be the preferred especially 0~3mm of 0~5mm.The wide of liner 6A, 6B is 5~15mm, special 7~13mm, and about especially 10mm is preferred.
In the above-mentioned explanation, though show the example that uses the light modulation film to make dimming glass as resin film, but the present invention, as resin film, use is for also being effective by what make from the material a little less than the local stress of outside, as the resin film of clamping between sheet glass, except the light modulation film, also can exemplify general PET films such as holographic film.
In addition, as the liquid that carries out dip treating.Make water generally speaking, but the Heating temperature when bonding also can be used other liquid of wet goods when surpassing 100 ℃.
Have again, the cooling after the heating, except dipping in cold water, also can be air-cooled.At this moment, the vacuum bag package 8 that from hot water, takes out, since moistening by water, very big cooling performance can be obtained by vaporization heat.
Below enumerate specific embodiment and comparative example illustrates in greater detail the present invention.
The temperature of the sex change EVA that uses as intermediate coat in MersenG7010 that uses as intermediate coat in following examples 1 and the comparative example 1 (℃) denary logarithm that is taken as transverse axis (X-axis), viscosity (poise) p is taken as the temperature/viscosity line of the longitudinal axis (Y-axis), as shown in Figure 2, the obliquity of this temperature/viscosity line is as follows in 90~130 ℃.
MersenG7010 -0.0108℃ -1
The sex change EVA-0.0131 in past ℃ -1Have, 5% spring rate is as follows again.
MersenG7010 7.0kg/cm 2·℃
The sex change EVA 12.7kg/cm in past 2
Embodiment 1
According to the method shown in Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b and Fig. 1 c, use light modulation film (UMU film) to make dimming glass.
The thickness of sheet glass 3A, 3B is 3mm, uses MersenG7010 (thickness 250 μ m) as intermediate coat 2A, 2B, uses neoprene rubber sheet (thickness 1mm) as thin slice 7. Liner 6A, 6B are made by silicon rubber.The thickness of liner 6A, 6B is 10mm, and wide is 10mm.
Pressure in the vacuum bag package 8 is reduced pressure-740mmHg, and after keeping 8 minutes under this state, dipping is 10 minutes in 96 ℃ even hot water, then floods 1 minute in 30 ℃ even cold water.
As a result, the whole face of the dimming glass that obtains is even opaque shape, does not have the unusual outward appearance of local transparence fully, has fabulous quality.
Comparative example 1
Remove as intermediate coat and use sex change EVA (thickness 250 μ m) in the past, Heating temperature is got outside 95 ℃, and other is the same with embodiment 1, makes dimming glass.
As a result, in the dimming glass that obtains, produce partial transparence, poor quality.
Utilizability on the industry
Such as above discussion, according to the manufacture method of laminated glass of the present invention, using does not need autoclave Process, do not have plasticizer and the sex change EVA that has problems is intermediate coat, can carry out evenly bonding, Do not produce local stress, can make high-quality laminated glass. According to the present invention, making the light modulation glass During glass, owing to do not need autoclave to process, so can reduce cost of equipment, there have owing to not needing to be right again Plasticizer is made countermeasure, so reduced the worker ordinal number, can make easy, efficiently, at an easy rate excellent The matter dimming glass.

Claims (12)

1. one kind by resin film is bonded into the laminated glass manufacture method of an integral body between between several sheet glass, it is characterized in that,
Between above-mentioned sheet glass and resin film, make above-mentioned sheet glass and resin film laminated intermediate coat, again this laminate is flooded the method that laminated glass is made in heating in hydrothermal solution,
As above-mentioned intermediate coat, use with temperature (℃) be taken as transverse axis, the obliquity that the denary logarithm of viscosity (poise) is taken as the temperature/viscosity line of the longitudinal axis is-0.0097~-0.01188 ℃ in 90~130 ℃ of scopes -1The sex change ethylene vinyl acetate be intermediate coat.
2. according to the manufacture method of laminated glass of record in the claim 1, it is characterized in that this sex change ethylene vinyl acetate is that 5% spring rate of intermediate coat is 5.4~8.0kg/cm 2℃.
3. according to the manufacture method of the laminated glass of record in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that resin film is the light modulation film, laminated glass is dimming glass.
4. according to the manufacture method of the laminated glass of each record in the claim 1~3, it is characterized in that laminate coats with the flexibility thin slice, form the vacuum bag package with reducing pressure in this flexible knee-piece, after this vacuum bag package heating, cooling, with vacuum bag package Kaifeng, take out laminated glass subsequently.
5. according to the laminated glass manufacture method of record in the claim 4, it is characterized in that above-mentioned thin slice is that by sheet rubber, synthetic resin sheet, metal and synthetic resins laminated makes.
6. according to the manufacture method of the laminated glass of record in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that the vacuum bag package is flooded heating in 90~100 ℃ liquid.
7. according to the manufacture method of the laminated glass of putting down in writing in each in the claim 4~6, it is characterized in that the vacuum bag package is flooded cooling in cold liquid.
8. according to the manufacture method of the laminated glass of each record in the claim 4~7, it is characterized in that and will reduce pressure in the vacuum bag package, make pressure be reduced to-below the 700mmHg.
9. according to the manufacture method of the laminated glass of each record in the claim 4~8, it is characterized in that above-mentioned laminate is placed on the substrate, this substrate and laminate are coated with the flexibility thin slice.
10. according to the manufacture method of the laminated glass of record in the claim 9, it is characterized in that liner is attached on the end face on every side of the laminate on the substrate, under this state, laminate, substrate and liner are all coated with the flexibility thin slice.
11., it is characterized in that thickness with above-mentioned liner is taken as T, when the thickness of laminate is taken as D, (T-D) is 0~5mm according to the manufacture method of laminated glass of record in the claim 10.
12., it is characterized in that making whole and be even opaque dimming glass according to the manufacture method of the laminated glass of each record in the claim 1~11.
CN 97193000 1997-01-13 1997-12-05 Process for production of laminated glass Pending CN1213356A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3744/97 1997-01-13
JP00374497A JP3331892B2 (en) 1997-01-13 1997-01-13 Manufacturing method of laminated glass

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1213356A true CN1213356A (en) 1999-04-07

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EP (1) EP0899245A4 (en)
JP (1) JP3331892B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20000064529A (en)
CN (1) CN1213356A (en)
AU (1) AU5137398A (en)
WO (1) WO1998030511A1 (en)

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CN101437772B (en) * 2006-05-08 2011-09-07 旭硝子株式会社 Thin plate glass laminate, process for producing display device using thin plate glass laminate, and support glass substrate
CN101410341B (en) * 2006-03-23 2011-12-28 株式会社普利司通 Intermediate film for laminated glass, laminated glass using the same, and method for production of the laminated glass
CN105473526A (en) * 2013-08-05 2016-04-06 旭硝子株式会社 Double glass

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JP2004323317A (en) * 2003-04-25 2004-11-18 Nippon Sheet Glass Spacia Co Ltd Method of press-sticking interlayer on glass panel
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KR100846524B1 (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-07-15 이정남 manufacture method for both side adhesion having prevention of bubble
JP2010195618A (en) * 2009-02-24 2010-09-09 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Decorated laminated glass
JP6439314B2 (en) * 2014-08-08 2018-12-19 日本ゼオン株式会社 Method for producing composite laminate
JP6406119B2 (en) * 2015-05-11 2018-10-17 日本電気硝子株式会社 Laminated glass manufacturing method
CN105676721A (en) * 2016-02-01 2016-06-15 江苏郡豪智能科技有限公司 Electrically-controlled glass and intelligent controller thereof
JP7147139B2 (en) * 2017-07-31 2022-10-05 大日本印刷株式会社 Laminated glass manufacturing method
CN113400744B (en) * 2021-05-25 2022-11-11 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 Laminated glass and method for producing laminated glass
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CN100418916C (en) * 2004-09-02 2008-09-17 河村产业株式会社 Piled glass and method of manufacturing the same
CN101410341B (en) * 2006-03-23 2011-12-28 株式会社普利司通 Intermediate film for laminated glass, laminated glass using the same, and method for production of the laminated glass
CN101437772B (en) * 2006-05-08 2011-09-07 旭硝子株式会社 Thin plate glass laminate, process for producing display device using thin plate glass laminate, and support glass substrate
CN105473526A (en) * 2013-08-05 2016-04-06 旭硝子株式会社 Double glass
CN105473526B (en) * 2013-08-05 2018-01-02 旭硝子株式会社 Compound glass

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Publication number Publication date
EP0899245A4 (en) 2000-11-22
WO1998030511A1 (en) 1998-07-16
EP0899245A1 (en) 1999-03-03
AU5137398A (en) 1998-08-03
JPH10194797A (en) 1998-07-28
JP3331892B2 (en) 2002-10-07
KR20000064529A (en) 2000-11-06

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