CN1212765C - Rice lodging resisting prepn - Google Patents
Rice lodging resisting prepn Download PDFInfo
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- CN1212765C CN1212765C CN 02147835 CN02147835A CN1212765C CN 1212765 C CN1212765 C CN 1212765C CN 02147835 CN02147835 CN 02147835 CN 02147835 A CN02147835 A CN 02147835A CN 1212765 C CN1212765 C CN 1212765C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a rice lodging resisting preparation which belongs to the field of a farm crop growth regulation agent. The preparation is a suspending agent made from prohexadione calcium, gibberellin, a stabilizing agent and an assistant agent. The present invention solves the problem that all dwarfing agents, such as chlormequat, paclobutrazol, uniconazole, inabenfide, etc. used for crop lodging resistance at present restrain biological synthesis of gibberellin in plant corpus and elongation growth of plants, but the gibberellin not only is important hormone for controlling the vegetative growth, such as rice stem leaf elongation but also is key hormone for controlling the reproductive growth, such as rice ear bearing and fructification, etc., the growth dwarfing agents simultaneously restrain the growth of stem leaves and growth and development of rice ears, and the side effect of reduction in production can be resulted in. The preparation not only can prevent the reduction of rice conventional output resulted from lodging but also breaks through the limitation of varietal characteristics, such as rice plant types, fertilizer resistance, etc. to the output, the output increasing potential of the rice can be efficiently performed, and the output per unit of the rice is greatly increased. The preparation can be simultaneously used for lodging control of crops, such as wheat, maize, etc.
Description
Affiliated technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation resistant to lodging, particularly the lodging resistance in rice preparation of a kind of crops belongs to crop growth conditioning agent field.
Background technology:
The cereal crops that paddy rice is China's area under cultivation maximum, distribution is the widest.Paddy rice is the topmost cereal crops of China, and area under cultivation accounts for 28% of the total sowing area in the whole nation about 400,016,000 mu, is first of national plant cultivation grain area, the second place of the world.China south is from Hainan Island, and north is to Heilungkiang, and from the east of Taiwan, Xinjiang is ended in the west, all has rice to distribute.Regional northeastward, along with the carrying out of the exploitation of large-area saline land and " non-irrigated modify-water ", the rice cropping area will increase to some extent.
Paddy rice is the cereal crops that China's output is the highest, yield potential is maximum.China's paddy rice gross yield is about 100,018,000 tons, accounts for 36% of world's yield of brown rice, accounts for about 40% of national cereal crops output, and along with the progress of rice high yield theory and research, the yield potential of paddy rice is more and more paid attention to by people.The field piece of 900 kilograms of one season per mu yields has appearred in Jiangsu, and Yunnan kept the record of per mu yield more than 1000 kilograms, rice districts such as northerly Liaoning, Ningxia and Xinjiang, and the per mu yield of high-yield rice has also surpassed 750 kilograms.According to measuring and calculating, the theoretical yield of paddy rice is per mu yield more than 1200 kilograms, but present average yield only is 390 kilograms, also not enough its 1/3rd, so the excavation of increasing production of rice potentiality is well worth doing.For example the high yield technology of increasing income and economizing on spending such as the paddy rice of carrying out energetically at present " drought, throw, again " all is that rice high yield has been opened up effective way.
Paddy rice is China's economic benefit and the best cereal crops of social benefit.The economic worth of paddy rice is higher than other cereal far away, be not only because its output height, and the market price of paddy rice is higher, and especially superior rice (as rich more, light etc. more) and extraordinary meter (as fragrant rice, black rice) etc., the price in its market is up to 5-10 unit/kilogram.So development Rice Production and processing industry thereof not only can improve grain yield, and transformation salinity ground, the farming of help rice shaken off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity etc. have great importance.
So the research of the high-yield culturing theory and technology of paddy rice, and the successful Application of these theory and technology all are significant and influence the grain-production of China and social development.
The high yield optimization cultivation system content of research paddy rice is very extensive, comprises fine-variety breeding, dry-raising and sparse-planting, rational application of fertilizers, water-saving irrigation, chemical weed control and integrated pest prevention and control etc.The research that China is relevant at present deeply and extensively all has abundant accumulation to the technical data of above-mentioned each link.But because China is vast in territory, how rice cropping system complexity is held the high yield limiting factor with key and general character under study for action and is overcome, and is the major issue that research improves China's rice yield key technology comprehensively; In addition, studying formed technological achievement, must be can be for the materialization technology with high benefit of business development, and this also is the essential problem of considering of current research.
If can be divided into nursery period and Honda phase the rice cropping process roughly by stages.Taking under the situation of non-irrigated seedling-cultivation technique, the key problem in technology of nursery period is how to prevent and treat upright withered seedling, because non-irrigated seedling core technology designs in order to prevent and treat the rice shoot damping off fully.Our research and development at present to transplant clever mixture with new plant growth regulator be that the new-type paddy drought seedling technology at center has solved this problem well.
The yield effect factor of Honda phase is very complicated.The lodging problem of paddy rice is one of key factor that influences the high yield and high quality cultivation.Many breedings and culture technique are all with resistant to lodging relevant.For example fine-variety breeding goes out an important research direction and cultivates kind resistant to lodging of short stem exactly, and a series of short-stalked varietys that China breeds in the world the earliest such as pearl is short, the square is short etc. make the rice yield of China that once big leap take place; The present paddy rice thin planting technology of promoting, one of reason of its high yield also are by the thin and delicate excessive growth of thin planting control stems and leaves of rice, form good group structure, and cultivation is strengthened the big fringe of stalk and reduced lodging, from the higher output of face acquisition; Rational application of fertilizers, water-saving irrigation and the extermination of disease and insect pest etc., without exception all include factor resistant to lodging interior.
So can think, technology resistant to lodging is one and has key and rice cropping problem general character.Wherein chemical control technique then is optimal technology resistant to lodging.
The vegetalization control techniques of appliable plant growth regulator has run through the overall process of rice cropping, according to Japanese water rice culture scholar the chemical control technology in the rice cropping process is divided into following cultivation strong sprout, suppresses lodging and promotes ripe three major types, in conjunction with China's rice cropping reality, promote that regeneration also is one of important goal of paddy rice chemical control technique.
One, cultivate strong sprout:
In producing based on growing seedlings of non-irrigated seedling, primary problem is exactly early spring because the non-irrigated seedling damping off that low temperature, soil alkaline and soil germ are brought out, so the matter of utmost importance that how to cultivate anosis strong seedling be rice cropping.Root of hair and tillering ability were strong after the purpose of strong seedling also was to guarantee to insert, and by chemical induction, obtained the disease-resistant resistance of system early, for healthy growth and the high yield of paddy rice in the land for growing field crops lays the first stone.
Two, suppress lodging:
As previously mentioned, resistant to lodging is a big obstacle in the rice high yield high-quality cultivation, utilizing plant growth retardent control paddy rice plant height is the main path that solves rice lodging, suppress the contradiction that lodging not only can relax high-yield culturing and rich water, improve group structure, go up underground part growth in phase, and coordinate nutrition and reproductive growth all has important meaning.
Three, promote maturation:
Promote ripe implication to contain the reproductive growth process of whole paddy rice, comprise promoting the differentiation of fringe grain and growing, promote grouting, cultivation has great importance to rice in north china to improve the anti-low temperature ability that paddy rice resists the maturing stage.
Four, promote regeneration:
Ratoon rice has been popularized widely in areas to the south, China the Changjiang river and has come as a kind of rice cropping pattern of economical and efficient, and area under cultivation reaches 1,800 ten thousand mu.Utilize gibberellin to promote the regeneration fringe to sprout in the ratoon rice and become routine.In addition, regeneration capacity of ratoon rice and root system vigor have confidential relation, utilize stress-resistant inducers such as some growth retardant and transplanting spirit can promote and keep root system activity effectively, help ratoon rice to sprout, and increase output.
Above-mentioned four main targets that target is a Chemical Control in the rice cropping, other such as with the control of ineffective tillering, the control of hybrid rice flowering asynchronism etc., can utilize chemical control technique to solve.
Rice lodging has two types: a kind of is that root falls, and be because the paddy soil paste is mashed, or topsoil is more shallow, and root system development is bad, takes root shakiness, is subjected to the wind and rain invasion and attack to send out lodging pacifically; Another kind is that stem falls, and is because the stem stalk is thin and delicate, can't afford top weight, thereby bend the type lodging or the type lodging that fractures.
The factor that influences rice lodging has breediness, cultivation factor, meteorological condition, damage by disease and insect and environmental pollution etc.Breediness such as the big fringe of high stalk are the internal factors that lodging takes place; And cultivation step is improper, is the external factor that lodging takes place.Though lodging occurs in the later stage, its root is but in early stage and mid-term.For example plant that density is big, early stage rich water many, cause cauline leaf excessive growth in mid-term, colony is too in great numbers, root system development is bad, sheet leaf sheath early ageing or susceptible very easily lodges during the bottom.Development of modern industry causes the severe contamination of water quality, and nitrogen content increases, and also can cause paddy rice excessive growth lodging.
The prematuration period that lodging occurring in, its underproduction amplitude can reach more than 50%, and rice matter is seriously low; Even occur in the ripe later stage, because its underproduction amplitude of factor such as assimilation substance flows backwards, fringe is sprouted also at 10%-20%, is given artificial simultaneously and mechanical harvesting increases burden.Though the lodging phenomenon with cultivar and meteorological condition and different, all has generally generation in various places.Especially many good quality and high output kinds often need to control fertile control water, are cost to reduce yield level, avoid lodging to take place, promptly so-called " restriction cultivation " or " passive cultivation ".
Utilize the height and the leaf morphology of chemical agent control rice plant, not only important meaning arranged,, promptly improve the crop fertilizer tolerability and have significant effect another one problem in the modern agriculture to resistant to lodging.Generally speaking, the repayment of the interests of fertilizer is to be Parabolic, and short-stalked variety and dwarfing agent control can make the fertilizer tolerability of paddy rice improve, and the upper limit of the interests repayment curve of fertilizer is improved.
Because the significant damage that lodging causes Rice Production, thus resistant to lodging be agricultural research person's an effort target always.The measure resistant to lodging of using in producing at present has breeding, cultivation and Chemical Control three major types type.Wherein breeding usually can run into contradiction of short stem and quality and output; Cultivation step also has significant limitation; And Chemical Control measure effect is the most remarkable, and application benefit is higher, so paid attention to by people and study always.
Being applied to crop dwarfing agent resistant to lodging at present has some kinds, as chlormequat, paclobutrazol, uniconazole P, inabenfide etc.These medicaments all have the similar mechanism of action, promptly suppress the biosynthesis of the hormone-gibberellin in the plant corpus, thereby suppress the elongation growth of plant.But gibberellin is not only the important hormone that control stems and leaves of rice elongation etc. is nourished and grown, and also is the solid critical hormone that waits reproductive growth of control paddy rice booting.So these growth dwarfing agents will certainly suppress growing of spike of rice when suppressing the cauline leaf growth, cause the side effect of the underproduction!
The tradition dwarfing agent not only has above-mentioned defective on action principle, and does not also have the unsurmountable contradiction of person in actual applications.Because the main joint position of influence lodging is base portion 1,2 joint positions, only before going out fringe, use dwarfing agent about the 40th day and just can shorten these two joint positions effectively, suppress the generation of lodging effectively; But this period is spike of rice period of beginning to break up just, and dwarfing agent will seriously hinder young fringe and grow; If at young fringe development later stage, promptly go out fringe and used dwarfing agent in preceding about 10 days, though can not influence the growth of fringe, what just missed effect resistant to lodging is good period.How selecting the time of application and the dosage of dwarfing agent rightly in application, both brought into play effect resistant to lodging effectively, can not suppress the spike of rice growth again and cause the underproduction, is an awkward selection.So far go back the dwarfing agent of neither one kind and can accomplish this point, so also the dwarfing agent of neither one kind obtains to complete success in the application resistant to lodging of paddy rice.Its underlying cause is that traditional dwarfing agent all has the defective on the above-mentioned principle bar none.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to: a kind of elongation growth that suppresses cauline leaf is provided, do not suppress the growth of paddy rice fringe grain, what overcome that traditional dwarfing agent suppressed is the biosynthetic common pathway of all gibberellin in the plant corpus, and only the biosynthesis of GA1 is suppressed the lodging resistance in rice preparation that the conventional output of the paddy rice that having avoided lodging to cause fully descends.
The present invention solves the problems referred to above by following technical solution:
This lodging resistance in rice preparation is characterized in that it is the suspending agent of being made by the following weight proportion raw material:
Prohexadione calcium 0.1%-9.9%
Gibberellin 0.1%-9.9%
Cyclodextrin 1%-2%
Ethylene glycol 2%-5%
Potassium hydroxide 0.1%-0.5%
Sodium lignin sulfonate 1%-3%
Defoamer 0.1%
Water surplus
Gibberellin can be selected gibberellin GA3 or gibberellin GA4+7 for use
The time of application of this lodging resistance in rice preparation is to use in 1-15 days before the paddy rice jointing.
The present invention is the compound of new plant growth delayer Prohexadione calcium and gibberellin, and it is as follows to the rice crop mechanism of action resistant to lodging:
1, in the biosynthetic process of plant endogenous hormones gibberellin, the formation of active gibberellin needs a series of hydroxylation reaction, and the enzyme of these hydroxylation reactions of catalysis is called hydroxylase, comes down to a kind of dioxygenase, needs 2-oxoglutaric acid as coenzyme.Transfer naphthenic acid to simulate the structure of 2-oxoglutaric acid, suppressed the activity of hydroxylase competitively, thereby suppressed the synthetic of active gibberellin.In these hydroxylation reactions, the 13-hydroxylation reaction and the 3-β hydroxylation reaction that form gibberellin GA1 are the most responsive to Prohexadione calcium, and the reaction path that generates GA4+7 does not have the 13-hydroxylation reaction to participate in, and optionally suppresses the synthetic of gibberellin GA1 so Prohexadione calcium has the inhibition of gibberellin.In paddy rice, have only two kinds of active gibberellin-GA1 and GA4+7, according to the organ specific theory of gibberellin, GA1 mainly is present in nutrition organs, the elongation growth of control cauline leaf; And GA4+7 mainly is present in the reproductive organs, and control flower bud differentiation and fringe grain are grown; Because it is stronger that Prohexadione calcium suppresses the biosynthetic activity of GA1, so be desirable dwarfing agent;
2, Prohexadione calcium also have a peculiar character be exactly suppress active gibberellin synthetic in, also protect both activity of viability gibberellin.Because the inactivation reaction of active gibberellin is 2 β-hydroxylation reaction, this reaction also is subjected to the inhibition of Prohexadione calcium, and metabolism has double activity so Prohexadione calcium is to gibberellin.This also is one of Prohexadione calcium Basic of Biology of having peculiar character in actual applications.At jointing preceding 10 days, basal internode is in the jointing preparatory stage, the GA1 level still is in reduced levels in the body, it is synthetic to be subjected to the inhibition of preparation of the present invention comparatively obvious, and the GA4+7 of stem apex inner control flower differentiation has reached optimal level, using preparation of the present invention does not have inhibitory action to it, simultaneously preparation of the present invention can also keep with extension body in both deposited the activity level of GA4+7.
3, preparation of the present invention promotes the effect of volume increase also to have benefited from the synergistic effect between Prohexadione calcium and the gibberellin: the active gibberellin GA4+7 of the low dosage that is mixed in the preparation of the present invention, because such gibberellin promotes the reproductive growth of paddy rice specifically, and it is very little to the influence of nourishing and growing, Prohexadione calcium in the preparation of the present invention has suppressed the degraded of gibberellin simultaneously, micro-gibberellin component is had the effect of prolongation of effect and synergy; So paddy rice flower bud differentiation and the growth of fringe grain are all had significant facilitation.
4, on the physico-chemical property and absorption approach thereof of preparation of the present invention, preparation of the present invention is water-soluble conditioning agent, spraying the back absorbs by cauline leaf, at first arrive the intercalary meristem of cauline leaf, so the Growth and Differentiation to intercalary meristem has had strong inhibitory effects, simultaneously because stem apex is far away apart from absorption site on dissecting, and the microtubule that is communicated with is organized as yet and is not grown, it is less that preparation of the present invention acts on the chance of stem apex, so preparation of the present invention does not produce negative influence to the stem apex flower bud differentiation; In addition, the metabolism of preparation of the present invention in plant corpus is rapider, all influences less to joint position, top and the differentiation of fringe grain.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
1, said preparation only suppresses the elongation growth of cauline leaf, does not suppress the growth of paddy rice fringe grain; Thereby overcome traditional dwarfing agent inherent shortcoming, fundamentally avoided because the crop failure that the medicament application causes itself;
2, said preparation is water miscible, and can absorb by cauline leaf, the rapid and consumption economy of effect; And traditional dwarfing agent such as paclobutrazol can only absorb and could the army of sending out downgrade effect by root system, makes the application efficiency of medicament low because the adsorption by soil loss is arranged;
3, said preparation residual low in soil and plant corpus can not resemble the growth that influences the later stage crop the dwarfing agents such as paclobutrazol.And the harmless medicament of Li Fengling genus low toxicity, help protecting environment and produce pollution-free food.
The specific embodiment of the present invention:
This lodging resistance in rice preparation is with Prohexadione calcium and gibberellin GA3 or gibberellin GA4+7, adds the suspending agent that certain amount of stabilizer and assistant agent are made.
The preparation method of this lodging resistance in rice preparation is as follows: (preparation process is carried out at normal temperatures and pressures)
The sand mill of packing into after earlier Prohexadione calcium, gibberellin, cyclodextrin, ethylene glycol, potassium hydroxide, sodium lignin sulfonate, defoamer and water inventory according to the above ratio being mixed, sand mill uses the glass sand of 1 millimeter of diameter, loadings for the sand mill cylindrical shell long-pending 70%.Logical cooling water during grinding, slip all grinds the back sampling observation fineness that finishes for the first time, according to circumstances can carry out the second time as stated above and grind, and through grinding back sampling observation fineness step by step, grinding endpoint is that particle diameter is less than 3 microns; Confirm qualified back suction strainer, allocate then, carry out finished product packing at last.
The present invention is explained in detail as follows below in conjunction with four specific embodiments: with the preparation of the present invention of producing 1000kg is example.(demonstration of the present invention is promoted with Li Fengling by name)
Embodiment 1:
Take by weighing each component raw material by following weight proportion:
Prohexadione calcium 1%
Gibberellin GA4+7 1%
Cyclodextrin 1%
Ethylene glycol 2%
Potassium hydroxide 0.1%
Sodium lignin sulfonate 2%
Defoamer 0.1%
Water 92.8%
Above-mentioned materials of weight proportions is made suspending agent by above-mentioned preparation method be packaged into finished product.
Embodiment 2:
Take by weighing each component raw material by following weight proportion:
Prohexadione calcium 5%
Gibberellin GA4+7 5%
Cyclodextrin 2%
Ethylene glycol 5%
Potassium hydroxide 0.3%
Sodium lignin sulfonate 3%
Defoamer 0.1%
Water 79.6%
Above-mentioned materials of weight proportions is made suspending agent by above-mentioned preparation method be packaged into finished product.
Embodiment 3:
Take by weighing each component raw material by following weight proportion:
Prohexadione calcium 0.1%
Gibberellin GA3 0.1%
Cyclodextrin 1%
Ethylene glycol 3%
Potassium hydroxide 0.1%
Sodium lignin sulfonate 1%
Defoamer 0.1%
Water 94.6%
Above-mentioned materials of weight proportions is made suspending agent by above-mentioned preparation method be packaged into finished product.
Embodiment 4:
Take by weighing each component raw material by following weight proportion:
Prohexadione calcium 9.9%
Gibberellin GA3 9.9%
Cyclodextrin 1.5%
Ethylene glycol 4%
Potassium hydroxide 0.5%
Sodium lignin sulfonate 1%
Defoamer 0.1%
Water 73.1%
Above-mentioned materials of weight proportions is made suspending agent by above-mentioned preparation method be packaged into finished product.
This lodging resistance in rice preparation time of application is to use in 1-15 days before the paddy rice jointing.Be one of important content of the present invention service time.Because forefathers' using method is to use in 10-15 days before heading, though certain effect is arranged, there is not among the present invention service time effective, the present invention has guaranteed dual purpose resistant to lodging and that increase production.Can only reach limited purpose resistant to lodging forefathers' service time, and not be the best opportunity.
In order to prove the remarkable result of this lodging resistance in rice preparation, provide the concrete outcome of said preparation below: (for the convenience of testing and future, large tracts of land was promoted to rice test, the popularization that the present invention adopts in test is with being called " Li Fengling ", Prohexadione calcium replacement BX112)
Materials and methods
The time place of 1 test: 2002, Dong Yuan town, Longhai City, the Fujian Province institute of agricultural sciences.
2 transplant clever scientific and technological development company for examination material: Li Fengling and GA4+7 by Beijing provides, and Li Fengling is 1% suspending agent, and GA4+7 is the pulvis of effective ingredient 100%.For the rice varieties that tries the water is two line system, is provided by the academy of agricultural sciences, Jiangsu Province.
3 experimental scheme: establish 3 kinds of fertilizing amount (low fertile amount A
1, execute N5.7kg, P1kg, K1.9kg for every mu; Middle fertile amount A
2, execute N11.4kg, P2kg, K3.8kg for every mu; High fertile amount A
3, execute N17.1kg, P3kg, K5.7kg for every mu), 4 kinds of reagent combination (B
1, blank; B
2Every 100m
2(1a) spray BX112 0.2g; B
3, every 100m
2Spray BX1120.4g; B
4, every 100m
2Spray BX112 0.4g, GA4+7 0.1g).Split plot arrangement, fertilizing amount are the primary area factor, and reagent combination is the split plot factor.Totally 12 processing, three repetitions, 36 sub-districts, sub-district area 15.6m
2
4 paddy rice growing processes and fertile medicine application process: two line system is made rice culture early, sowing on February 8, transfer on April 5, May 10 jointing, June 16 neat fringe, July 20 maturation.Execute short fetilizer for tillering in back 5 days in transplanting, transplant and executed relay fertilizer in back 15 days, transplant back 45 days (grain husk is spent the idiophase) and execute guarantor's fertilizers for potted flowers, transplant back 55 days (♂ ♀ stamen forms latter stage) granules application fertilizer.The ratio of each phase fertilizing amount, 3 kinds of fertilizing amount levels all are N fertilizer 61: 13: 13: 13, P, K fertilizer 0: 33: 33: 33.Medicament is converted water according to plan in jointing and make foliar spray preceding 15 days (April 25).
5 observation procedures: repeat each treatment region first, respectively got 5 clumps of rice strains in preceding 3 days, select 10 stems and big tiller, measure the length of each internode, fall 6～fall the rugosity of 3 internodes, fall 5～fall the fracture resistence force, fresh weight of 3 internodes and to the fresh weight on fringe top in maturation.Fracture resistence force be internode (containing leaf sheath) the fractureing heavily of length of support 5cm (internode of not enough 5cm is placed on middle part between two fulcrums, and with face mutually internode place on the fulcrum measure).Ask calculation bending moment and lodging index by following formula.
Length * fresh weight that bending moment=certain internode pushes up from its base portion to fringe.
Lodging index=(bending moment/fracture resistence force) * 100.
Maturing stage respectively handles the sub-district and gathers in the crops the title product separately, and each investigates 56 clumps of spike numbers, and respectively gets 5 clumps of rice strains and carry out species test.
Result of study
1 stem stalk proterties
Two line system has 6 elongation internodes, and the length of each internode is from bottom to top elongated in turn with the joint position, and rugosity from bottom to top reduces in turn with the joint position.Fertilizers for potted flowers and the granulated fertilizer phase of using of protecting is about to be stretched to vigorous elongating stage on the occasion of falling 3 internodes, thereby has significantly promoted to fall the elongation of 3 internodes, and the length after its typing is near falling the length of 2 internodes as a result, even some stem tiller surpasses to fall the length of 2 internodes.
Each is handled length, the rugosity measurement result of internode and lists in table 1.Divide fertilizing amount and reagent combination two factors in view of the above, calculate the mean value of the length of internode and the rugosity of different factor levels, list in table 2, find out:
Low fertile amount (A
1) each length of internode slightly be shorter than in fertile amount (A
2) and high fertile amount (A
3) length of internode, about the final short 6cm of plant height.But each length of internode and the plant height of middle fertile amount and high fertile amount, no significant difference.
Each internode rugosity of middle fertilizer amount is bigger, and low fertilizer is measured with high fertile each internode rugosity of measuring smaller.
Three kinds of reagent combination (B
2, B
3, B
4) fall 6～fall 2 length of internode than blank (B
1) shorten, about the final short 4cm of plant height.6～3 internode rugosity and the blank no significant differences of three kinds of reagent combinations.Each length of internode of three kinds of reagent combinations is no significant difference also.
The stem stalk proterties of table 1 different disposal
Each internode rugosity (mm) of each internode and spike length degree (cm)
Handle
654321 fringes that fall add up to fall 6543
B
1?1.2 3.7 7.5 17.1?18.4?34.5?23.6 106.0 7.2 6.8 6.3 5.6
B
2?0.7 3.0 6.1 15.5?17.2?35.3?24.6 102.4 7.7 6.7 6.1 5.1
A
1
B
3?0.8 4.2 6.2 17.4?16.9?34.4?23.3 103.2 7.4 6.8 6.2 5.5
B
4?0.7 3.4 7.4 17.2?16.9?34.9?24.0 104.5 7.4 7.0 6.5 5.6
B
1?1.4 5.3 9.4 19.3?18.6?35.7?24.1 112.8 7.6 7.4 6.6 5.8
B
2?1.1 4.9 9.1 18.9?17.4?34.7?24.1 110.2 7.9 7.2 6.7 5.8
A
2
B
3?1.5 4.7 8.3 17.3?17.7?34.7?24.1 108.3 7.5 6.9 6.7 5.8
B
4?1.3 3.9 7.5 17.9?18.7?35.8?24.3 109.4 7.7 7.0 6.5 5.6
B
1?1.2 4.8 8.8 19.2?19.9?35.4?25.2 114.5 7.6 7.1 6.4 5.6
B
2?1.1 4.2 8.3 16.0?19.0?35.5?24.5 108.6 7.7 6.9 6.4 5.4
A
3
B
3?0.9 4.3 7.9 16.2?19.0?34.9?25.4 108.6 7.6 6.7 6.2 5.5
B
4?1.1 4.2 7.8 16.4?19.1?35.5?25.3 109.4 7.8 7.1 6.3 5.6
The stem stalk proterties of each factor level of table 2
Factor
Each internode rugosity (mm) of each internode and spike length degree (cm)
Level 654321 fringes adds up to fall 6543
A
1 0.9 3.6 6.8 16.8 17.4 34.8 23.9 104.2 7.4 6.8 6.3 5.5
A
2 1.3 4.7 8.6 18.4 18.1 35.2 24.2 110.5 7.7 7.1 6.6 5.8
A
3 1.1 4.4 8.2 17.0 19.3 35.3 25.1 110.4 7.7 7.0 6.3 5.5
B
1 1.3 4.6 8.6 18.5 19.0 35.2 24.3 111.5 7.5 7.1 6.4 5.7
B
2 1.0 4.0 7.8 16.8 17.9 35.2 24.4 107.1 7.8 6.9 6.4 5.4
B
3 1.1 4.4 7.5 17.0 17.9 34.7 24.3 106.9 7.5 6.8 6.4 5.6
B
4 1.0 3.8 7.6 17.2 18.2 35.4 24.5 107.7 7.6 7.0 6.4 5.6
2 lodging resistance shapes
The resistant to lodging shape measurement result of different disposal is listed in table 3, divides fertilizing amount and reagent combination two factors in view of the above, calculates the lodging resistance shape mean value of different factor levels, lists in table 4, finds out:
The bending moment of each internode and fracture resistence force all from bottom to top reduce in turn with joint position, fall 5～lodging index of 3 internodes of falling strengthen in turn, fall 2, the lodging index of 1 internode of falling significantly reduces again.As seen, the rice strain position that is easy to roll over is down being fallen 4, is being fallen 3 internodes.
Middle and high fertile amount is compared with low fertile amount, and plant height, fresh weight obviously increase, and bending moment increases thereupon, and fracture resistence force only slightly increases, thereby lodging index significantly improves, and promptly lodging resistance significantly reduces.But the lodging index no significant difference of middle fertile amount and high fertile amount.
3 kinds of reagent combinations are compared with blank, and each length of internode and plant height shorten, and fresh weight is close, and bending moment reduces to some extent, and fracture resistence force significantly strengthens, thereby lodging index significantly reduces, and promptly lodging resistance can significantly improve.Wherein with B
3Lodging index minimum, compare B
1Reduce by 15%～18%, inferior is B
4, compare B
1Reduce by 14%～17%.
The lodging resistance shape of table 3 different disposal
To fringe heights of roofs (cm) to fringe top fresh weight (g) bending moment (gcm) fracture resistence force (g) lodging index
Handle
543543543543 fall 543
B
1?104.8 101.1 93.6 17.01 15.98 14.03 1783 1616 1313 1659 1325 860 107.?122 153
B
2?101.7 98.7 92.6 17.26 16.19 14.18 1755 1598 1313 1909 1428 937 92 112 140
A
1
B
3?102.4 98.2 92.0 17.37 16.23 14.26 1779 1594 1312 1945 1495 1036 91 107 127
B
4?103.8 100.4 93.0 18.06 16.88 14.80 1875 1695 1376 1988 1495 1030 94 113 134
B
1?111.4 106.1 96.7 20.47 18.80 16.33 2280 1995 1579 1692 1256 986 135 159 160
B
2?109.1 104.2 95.1 19.38 17.78 15.31 2114 1853 1456 1841 1466 990 115 126 147
A
2
B
3?106.8 102.1 93.8 19.85 18.36 15.72 2120 1875 1475 1868 1431 1012 113 131 146
B
4?108.1 104.2 96.7 19.72 18.12 15.47 2132 1888 1496 1999 1482 1082 107 127 138
B
1?113.3 108.5 99.7 20.42 19.22 17.11 2314 2085 1706 1732 1250 1014 134 167 168
B
2?107.5 103.3 95.0 20.47 19.10 16.66 2201 1973 1583 1941 1530 1064 113 129 149
A
3
B
3?107.7 103.4 95.5 20.26 18.87 16.45 2182 1951 1571 2011 1561 1120 109 125 140
B
4?108.3 104.1 96.3 20.78 19.03 16.81 2250 1981 1619 2018 1540 1115 112 129 145
The lodging resistance shape of each factor level of table 4
Factor
To fringe heights of roofs (cm) to fringe top fresh weight (g) bending moment (gcm) fracture resistence force (g) lodging index
Level 543543543543 falls 543
A
1 103.2 99.6 92.8 17.43 16.32 14.32 1799 1625 1329 1875 1436 966 96 113 138
A
2 108.9 104.2 95.6 19.86 18.27 15.71 2163 1904 1502 1850 1409 1018 117 135 148
A
3 109.2 104.8 96.6 20.48 19.06 16.76 2236 1997 1619 1926 1470 1078 116 136 150
B
1 109.8 105.2 96.7 19.30 18.00 15.82 2119 1894 1530 1694 1277 953 125 148 161
B
2 106.1 102.1 94.2 19.04 17.69 15.38 2020 1806 1449 1897 1475 997 106 122 145
B
3 105.6 101.2 93.4 19.16 17.82 15.48 2023 1803 1446 1941 1496 1056 104 121 137
B
4 106.7 102.9 95.3 19.52 18.01 15.69 2083 1853 1495 2002 1506 1076 104 123 139
3 rice yields and formation thereof
Each rice yield and formation thereof of handling is listed in table 5, divides fertilizing amount and reagent combination two factors in view of the above, calculates the output of different factor levels and constitutes mean value, and carry out variance analysis by split plot design, the results are shown in table 6, finds out:
Volume variance between the fertilizing amount is less, and fertile amount (A merely hits
2) than low fertile amount (A
1) significantly volume increase, and middle fertile amount (A
2) measure (A with high fertilizer
3), high fertile amount (A
3) measure (A with low fertilizer
1) output do not have significant difference.
Reach between the different reagent combinations and compare with blank, volume variance is bigger.With B
3Output the highest, than blank volume increase 12.3%; Inferior is B
4, volume increase 10.5%; Be B once more
2, volume increase 6.4%, difference all reaches extremely significantly standard.B
3, B
4Output do not have significant difference, show to join and execute GA4+7 and do not have obvious synergistic effect, but B
3, B
4Compare B
2Volume increase all reaches extremely significantly standard.
The output of different reagent combinations and comparing with blank, output is the difference great disparity why, mainly is because number of grain per ear is widely different.B
3Number of grain per ear is maximum, and output is also the highest, B
1Number of grain per ear is minimum, and output is also minimum.
Evidence, Li Fengling is at rice application, and the anti-effect of existing significant dwarfing has the fringe of promotion grain to grow again, improves the effect of rice yield.
The rice yield of table 5 different disposal and formation thereof
Cell production (kg/15.6m 2 )The every fringe ripening rate of per mu yield spike number thousand kernel weight
Handle
Grain number (%) (g) for I II III (kg) (ten thousand/mu)
B
1 14.69 14.42 15.32 632.9 19.98 129.3 88.3 27.8
B
2 15.60 15.60 16.44 678.6 19.99 136.3 88.5 27.7
A
1
B
3 17.27 16.71 16.99 726.2 20.37 141.7 89.9 27.6
B
4 17.27 16.44 16.71 718.3 19.97 138.2 92.9 27.7
B
1 16.16 16.09 15.60 681.5 20.71 130.2 90.2 27.5
B
2 16.16 17.20 16.99 717.3 21.35 129.3 91.2 28.4
A
2
B
3 17.83 17.55 17.55 754.0 21.03 144.7 90.0 27.7
B
4 17.27 17.27 17.27 738.1 20.96 137.7 91.3 27.7
B
1 15.60 15.11 15.39 656.7 20.53 130.1 87.8 28.4
B
2 16.44 15.60 17.27 702.4 20.91 135.6 90.2 28.3
A
3
B
3 17.27 16.71 17.55 734.1 20.98 146.2 89.2 28.0
B
4 16.99 16.71 16.99 722.2 20.71 135.2 92.1 27.6
The quantitative effect multiple ratio of each factor level of table 6 reaches output and constitutes
The average yield volume increase
The significance of effectThe every fringe ripening rate of spike number thousand kernel weight
Factor level
(kg/ mu) (%) 5% 10% (ten thousand/mus) grain number (%) (g)
A
2(middle fertile amount) 722.7 4.9 a A 21.01 135.5 90.7 27.8
A
3(high fertile amount) 703.8 2.2 ab A 20.78 136.8 89.8 28.1
A
1(low fertile amount) 689.0 0 b A 20.08 136.4 89.9 27.7
B
3(BX112?0.4g/a) 738.0 12.3 a A 20.79 144.2 89.7 27.8
B
4(BX112?0.4g
726.1 10.5 a A 20.55 137.0 92.1 27.7
+GA4+7?0.1g/a)
B
2(BX112?0.2g/a) 699.4 6.4 b B 20.75 133.7 90.0 28.1
B
1(blank) 657.1 0 c C 20.41 129.9 88.8 27.9
A:PLSD
0.05=25.21kg/ mu, PLSD
0.01=41.80kg/ mu
B:PLSD
0.05=14.66kg/ mu, PLSD
0.01=20.09kg/ mu
Brief summary and discussion
1 sprayed Li Fengling in preceding 15 days at the paddy rice jointing, and 6～2 internodes that fall that fall shorten, and plant height reduces, and bending moment reduces, and significantly improves down 5～fracture resistence forces of 3 internodes simultaneously, thereby significantly reduces lodging index, promptly significantly strengthens lodging resistant force.Spraying Li Fengling does not increase the internode rugosity, and the raising of fracture resistence force may be the growth that Li Fengling promotes stem stalk supporting tissue, has increased stalk wall thickness and consolidation.
2 sprayed Li Fengling in preceding 15 days at the paddy rice jointing, and number of grain per ear significantly increases, thereby significantly improves rice yield, and amplification is 6%～12%, and difference reaches utmost point significance standard.The mechanism of Li Fengling volume increase may be to suppress the paddy rice jointing to begin a large amount of synthetic GA in the body later on
1, GA4+7 the degraded inactivation (blocking-up GA
1→ GA
8, GA4+7 → GA
2The conversion inactivation), strengthen GA
1, the GA4+7 activity, promote the growth of young fringe.
3 because Li Fengling has the synthetic GA of inhibition paddy rice self
1, GA4+7 inactivation, join when before jointing, spraying Li Fengling and execute external source GA4+7 and do not have synergistic effect, execute GA and join when spraying Li Fengling behind the jointing
3, GA4+7, will promote young fringe to grow and the stem stalk significantly extends, as the test (table 7) of calendar year 2001, sprayed BX1120.2g+GA behind the jointing on the 5th in Hainan
30.1g/a number of grain per ear increases by 7～14%, plant height increases by 15～19cm.
4 The results of analysis of variance show, fertilizing amount and Li Fengling dosage do not have and significantly connects and should act on, and in various Fertilization Level, spray that Li Fengling has anti-ly to fall, the double effect of volume increase.
The optimal dose that 5 paddy rice spray Prohexadione calcium (BX112) is 0.4g/a.Calendar year 2001 sprayed Li Fengling on 5th behind jointing, significantly increase number of grain per ear, and dwarfed plant not; Sprayed Li Fengling in preceding 15 days at jointing in 2002, both significantly increased number of grain per ear, also reduce plant height, but the range of decrease is little.The optimum period that sprays of Li Fengling, remain further to be found out.
Table 7 Prohexadione calcium (BX112) is joined and is executed GA
3Influence to paddy rice plant height, output
(II is excellent bright 86, Sanya, Hainan, calendar year 2001)
Fertilising
Dosing (g/a)The every fringe ripening rate of plant height output spike number thousand kernel weight
Horizontal BX112 GA
3(cm) grain number (%) (g) for (kg/ mu) (ten thousand/mu)
0 0 109.5 555.5 17.78 151.2 84.0 24.6
High by 0.2 0 111.2 673.5 18.78 167.9 86.8 24.6
0.2 0.1 130.4 670.7 18.72 180.6 82.3 24.1
0 0 110.7 663.8 16.89 176.1 86.2 25.9
In 0.2 0 111.1 714.8 18.28 181.5 89.4 24.1
0.2 0.1 126.2 779.6 17.45 206.9 85.7 25.2
*Sowing on paddy rice December 14, January 10 transplanted, February 21 jointing, March 28 neat fringe, April 25 maturation.February 26 the spray medicine.
*High fertile district executes N30.1kg, P97.3kg, K20.3kg for every mu
Middle fertile district executes N14.8kg, P4.3k for every mu
For further validation laboratory's result of the test, three subtropical crop The Study on Resources have been carried out adding quarterly test and have been tested in Hainan in winter subsequently.Owing to the test arrangement reason, the field screening test in Hainan is will be behind the paddy rice jointing 5-12 days on the date, than predetermined jointing medication in preceding 10 days two weeks late.But the test of this mistake has but obtained very valuable result of the test:
1. under two close levels of kind two seed manures, Prohexadione calcium uses separately or cooperates gibberellin to use and all increased substantially output, reaches as high as 20% amplitude;
2. the jointing later stage is used Prohexadione calcium increases plant height on the contrary.
In laboratory pot experiment and further field plot trial subsequently, all further verified the anti-double effects that fall increase production of Li Fengling to paddy rice, be embodied in:
1. anatomic observation shows, flower bud differentiation has significant facilitation to stem apex to use Li Fengling before the jointing;
2. Li Fengling significantly promotes the increase of grain number per spike;
3. Li Fengling promotes the length of internode under spike length and the fringe;
4. field experiment is observed and is shown that Li Fengling can promote to ear 3--5 days;
Except that paddy rice, the lodging control of wheat, seeding corn and other crops and the raising of fertilizer tolerability all will greatly help the cultivation of these crops and the raising of output, and therefore, development and use of the present invention all have the using value of reality to the three big crops of China.
Claims (2)
1. lodging resistance in rice preparation is characterized in that it is the suspending agent of being made by the following weight proportion raw material:
Prohexadione calcium 0.1%-9.9%
Gibberellin 0.1%-9.9%
Cyclodextrin 1%-2%
Ethylene glycol 2%-5%
Potassium hydroxide 0.1%-0.5%
Sodium lignin sulfonate 1%-3%
Defoamer 0.1%
Water surplus.
2. a kind of lodging resistance in rice preparation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described gibberellin can be selected gibberellin GA3 or gibberellin GA4+7 for use.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| AU2007208837A1 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-02 | Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Method of promoting thickening growth of agricultural or horticultural crop |
| CN101485306B (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2011-09-14 | 中国农业大学 | Lodging resistance agent of sweet sorghum and use thereof |
| CN102701858B (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2014-02-05 | 郑州郑氏化工产品有限公司 | Regulator composition for controlling vigorous growth, resisting lodging and increasing yield of rice |
| EP2774484A1 (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-10 | Basf Se | Method for fruit thinning at late growth stages of fruit plants |
| CN104719293A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-06-24 | 中国水稻研究所 | Chemical regulating method for preventing lodging of large-panicle type rice variety |
| CN105347935A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-24 | 京博农化科技股份有限公司 | Crop lodging-resistance regulating composition |
| CN109221125B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-03-12 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Rice anti-aging and lodging-resistant agent and application method thereof |
| CN109329291A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-02-15 | 南京百特生物工程有限公司 | A kind of plant growth regualting composition and its application |
| CN111316877B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-03-18 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method |
| CN112006034A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-01 | 安徽省四达农药化工有限公司 | Plant growth regulator containing prohexadione calcium and uniconazole and application thereof |
| CN111972411A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-11-24 | 安徽省四达农药化工有限公司 | Preparation and application of prohexadione calcium suspending agent |
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