CN85107591A - A method of crop yield - Google Patents

Abstract

According to this method, the output of class chief crops such as paddy rice, wheat, corn, potato, soybean can be improved.In this method, be in a moment of growth period the plant of above-mentioned crop, use brassin lactones, promptly (2a, 3a, 22R, 23R)-tetrahydroxy-24S-methyl-B-height-7-oxa--5a-cholestane-6-ketone handles.Its structural formula is:

Description

A method of crop yield

A method of the present invention and crop yield, relevant with a kind of crop yield agent of using in the method.Say that more specifically method of the present invention is: under given conditions, handle plant, thereby make crop yield with brassin lactones.The invention still further relates to a kind of crop yield agent, wherein brassinolide-containing is as a kind of active component.

Up to now, found that chemical compound lot can be used as the material of controlling plant growth and breeding, brassin lactones is exactly wherein a kind of.It is a kind of plant growth regulator of steroid, in 1979 from rape pollen ( Brassica NapusL.) extract in, and be defined as (2 α, 3 α, 22R, 23R)-tetrahydroxy-24S-methyl-B-is with-7-oxa-5 alpha-cholestane-ketone, and structural formula is as follows: (Nature Vol, 281, PP216-217 (1979)

Known a large amount of steroid is animal and insect hormone, is known that the steroid of physiologically active of plant and brassin lactones is first.Therefore, think that brassin lactones is the 6th a class plant hormone after ethene, growth hormone, gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, abscisic acid.At present just from its distribution and single-minded effect thereof in plant corpus of academic aspect research.

Existing multiple biological examination method is measured the physiological effect of brassin lactones to plant.Comprise: the biology examination method of Kidney bean second internode elongation.The biology examination method that rice leaf is downward-sloping, the biology examination method of the raphanin of radish etc., and contrast with other plant species hormone (The Society for Chemical Regulation of Plants, Japan 18(No.1), 38-54 (1983)).Compile existing report, find out that brassin lactones has the peculiar property different with other plant species hormone.And, when brassin lactones and growth hormone when being used for the various elongation test of plant, brassin lactones demonstrates very strong synergistic effect.When brassin lactones and the basic element of cell division when being used for the proliferation test of callus, brassin lactones also has this synergistic effect.So, proving that fully brassin lactones has tangible unique effect, these effects are that those known hormones are very difficult observed when using separately.Aspect the botanic distribution,, found that more than ten kind of brassin lactones analog extensively is present in each plant species about brassin lactones except brassin lactones itself.Experiment showed, these brassin lactones analogs extensively be present in paddy rice ( Cryza Sativa), Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), China Chinese cabbage (Brassica Pekinensis), tea (Thea sinehsis), chestnut (Castanea spp), French beans (Dolichos Lablab), black pine (Pinus thunbergii), common cattail (Typhe Latifolia) is in the high plant such as Distylium racemosum.

In the past, brassin lactones is to handle Kidney bean with brassin to the effect of plant.The brassin of usefulness was the crude extract of extracting from rape pollen (J, WM:tchel and L. EGregor/, Nature New Biology, 239,253 (1972)) at that time.Synthetic similar compound such as also useful brassin lactones steroid class is handled radish, lettuce, Kidney bean, pepper (Piper nigrum), potato (Solanum tnberosum) (Sciencl, Vol.212 (1981), 33-34).In these documents, the method for plant treatment reduces: when using brassin, utilize lanolin to stick with paste and handle the Kidney bean seedling; During with the brassin lactones steroid, utilize the aqueous solution to spray the method for seedling.

In the No Sho57-118503 patent that Japan gets permission, disclose 2R, 3S, 22S, 23S-tetrahydroxy-24S-ethyl-22S, 23S, 23S-5 α-cholestane-6-ketone (22S, the high brassin lactones of 23S-) and their derivative, belong to a kind of synthetic brassin lactones analog.Patent description, this material can promote tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), carrot (Daucus carota), mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) radish (Raphanus sativus), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), the growth of red bean plants such as (Phaseolus angularis).Processing method is to plant before soil, uses this 22S, seed or the seedling of above-mentioned those plants of the high brassin lactones solution soaking of 23S-.This patent also further specifies, before cultivation, with 22S, the high brassin lactones solution soaking of 23S-potato tubers, sweet potato seedling, the transplanting and tobacco seed etc. of tea tree, this 22S, the high brassin lactones of 23S-show the effect that promotes growth.Use 22S in flowering stage, 23S-is high, and brassin lactones sprays fruit tree, and the diameter of fruit and weight all increase to some extent.In the No.Sho.58-90578 patent that another piece Japan gets permission, also speak of new synthetic 2R, 3S, 22R, 23R-tetrahydroxy-24S-ethyl-5 α-cholestane-6-ketone and derivative thereof (22R, the high brassin lactones derivative of 23R-).And illustrated that they are used to promote the growth of each plant species and the problem of improvement agricultural product quality.In this piece patent, also introduced the elongation test of red bean; After germinateing or just having germinateed, use 22R, the high brassin lactones derivative of 23R-is handled seed.But how do not introduce crop in detail increases production.

In a word, utilize plant growth regulator to come the Artificial Control plant growing so that crop yield, regulate the quantity of agricultural product, the improvement quality is saved the labour and is adjusted harvest time etc.These plant growth regulator comprise that mainly plant hormone is equal to the artificial-synthetic compound of character and the chemical substance of antagonism mutually therewith with having with plant hormone.The plant hormone of approval is growth hormone, gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, abscisic acid and ethene at present.In fact, many chemical substances are applied to agricultural as plant growth regulator, the similar performance of their character and that five plant species hormone.

On the other hand, when plant is exsomatized biologicall test, a large amount of compound exhibits physiologically active.But the classes of compounds of practical application seldom.When routine exsomatizes biologicall test, be starting point with certain specific reaction of accurate detection, reduce influencing each other of this reaction and other organ or tissue as far as possible, experimental system is simplified., plant corpus is made up of many organs, and the age of these organs and function are all inequality, and keeps collaborative with the interaction between them, and plant corpus is grown.Therefore, isolated growth is measured viewed activity and is difficult to strictly to show in whole plant.In other words, the result of stripped biologicall test not necessarily has the meaning of practical application.Often observe,, but the plant of cultivation is shown activity very inequality at the material of the similar activity of performance in vitro bioassay.Also know in addition owing to certain compound concentrations difference of use, thereby also usually show activity very inequality.It also is common also having this situation, is exactly because kind or the age difference of plant are handled plant with growth promoter of the same race, observes different growth phenomenons.In a word, plant changes with the kind of plant and the difference of vegetative stage thereof the growth response of outer rim material.Under extreme case, plant can show opposite reaction to this quasi-growth promoter.Therefore, according to stripped biologic test, may estimate the activity of its adjusting growth hardly.So, invent the long conditioning agent of a kind of new plant growth and face very big difficulty, only might repeat " test and error " experiment, to check its practical application.

Known up till now all about " test " method preferably are, use the crude extract of brassinolide-containing, or synthetic brassin lactones analog does not still find that all pure brassin lactones itself has effect to plant growing to promote plant growing.Under these circumstances, just press for a kind of new method of invention always, use brassin lactones and promote plant growing, particularly make the new method of crop yield.*??*??*??*

The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, promptly under given conditions, use brassin lactones and make crop yield.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of crop yield agent of brassinolide-containing.

The 3rd purpose of the present invention provides how to handle plant with brassin lactones.Promptly a moment at crop growth period applies brassin lactones.

Other and long-range purpose of the present invention, characteristics and advantage will illustrate below more fully.

After having found brassin lactones, produced many synthetic brassin lactones analogs again, its structure is similar to brassin lactones, and each plant species is tested.Even the synthetic similar compound of this class shows the high activity that promotes plant growing on the biologicall test level that exsomatizes, but still always not effective on whole plant level, their activity is pressed floristics and age, processing method, employed concentration etc. and the activity of showed different.Talk the example of only using brassin lactones itself now.In order to utilize a kind of of various physiologically active of plant that brassin lactones has, must be to each plant research brassin lactones methods for the treatment of plants.Based on above-mentioned viewpoint, the present inventor has carefully noted the yield increasing effect in the various activity that brassin lactones shows.And studied one and handled the method for individual plant with brassin lactones, to check when relevant with relevant other factors such as time of application, concentration etc., the intensity of this effect.By such extensive studies, the output of finding chief crops such as wheat, paddy rice, corn, soybean, potato now can significantly improve, as long as necessarily handle with brassin lactones in the moment of plant strain growth phase.The condition of handling these plants with brassin lactones is very strict.Therefore, the treatment conditions of individual plants are fixed, so can not expect that the effect of increasing production of brassin lactones is very desirable.Under extreme case, because the condition that certain plant species interrelates has changed, the opposite effect will take place.So-called condition comprises brassin lactones concentration, and processing method, certain plant species apply factors such as time comprehensive of brassin lactones.Even skilled staff also is difficult to consider very comprehensively.

According to one aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of method of crop yield.Its feature is in a crop plant moment in vegetative period, with (2 α, 3 α, 22R, 23R)-tetrahydroxy-24S-methyl-B-height-7-oxa-5 alpha-cholestane-6-ketone processing.I is as follows for its structural formula:

According to a second aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of crop yield agent, it contains the compound that a kind of active component is top structural formula (I).

According to a third aspect of the present invention, how the compound that provides structural formula (I) is used for volume increase.*??*??*??*

In the method for the invention, importantly crop plant is handled with certain density brassin lactones in a moment in its vegetative period.This moment to the single plant strain growth phase is fixed, and so-called " vegetative period " is meant that here crop is normally from germinateing to the maturation-grain of setting seeds, a whole period of seed, fruit, stem tuber etc.In some cases, " vegetative period " comprises seed, seed or grow up to stem tuber itself.According to method of the present invention, crop plant vegetative period-from the seed before sprouting (seed) or stem tuber to bearing ripe seed (seed), fruit, and grow up to the moment in this period of stem tuber, handle plant with certain density brassin lactones.Therefore such as comprising germination, seedling tillers or branch, and ear, bloom etc. all is the interstage in above-mentioned vegetative period.

The used brassin lactones of the present invention is the crystal structure material, is dissolved in ethanol, acetone and other organic solvent, is partially soluble in water.It can be synthetic by the improved method of people such as Mori (Mori et, al., Agric.Biol. Chem.47 (3), 663-664 (1983)) method.Brassin lactones has the kind of liquid as field liquid, also has emulsion concentrate or solid (powder or graininess) type as water dispersant.Time spent, add the enough water dilution and obtain certain density brassin lactones.The lanolin that can also prepare brassin lactones is stuck with paste, and such brassin lactones can be applied directly on a certain position of plant.

During the kind of liquid of preparation brassin lactones, brassin lactones is dissolved in or evenly mixes with a kind of organic solvent.As needs, can in organic solvent, add class hydrotropy mixture-aid agents such as wetting agent.The alcohols of organic solvent is methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol etc.The ketone of organic solvent is acetone, butanone, isobutyl ketone.The glycols of organic solvent is second (support) glycol, third (support) glycol, and the lipid of organic solvent is ethyl acetate, butyl acetate.Half ethers of organic solvent has ethylene glycol-methyl ether.The amide-type of organic solvent has dimethyl formamide, the hexamethyl phosphamidon.The steroid class of organic solvent has the diethyl sulfone; Ethers has dioxane, oxolane; Aliphatic series and aromatic hydrocarbons have ethane, toluene, dimethylbenzene and their mixture.

The solid type of preparation brassin lactones is (as powder, sheet or graininess) time, with brassin lactones and a kind of solid carrier, as clay, acid clay, bentonite, talcum, diatomite or mineral matter class material are simultaneously, add lubricant, dispersant, a class adjuvant such as emulsifier fully mixes.

During preparation brassin lactones paste-type, brassin lactones is mixed with Waxes such as vaseline, lanolin, petroleum jellies.As needs, add diffusant, or a kind of adjuvant such as dispersant.

Add adjuvant and be all kinds product that makes above-mentioned brassin lactones be easy to diffusion, infiltration, disperse, in conjunction with, wetting, suspension etc.Adjuvant is divided into no ionic surfactant and anionic surfactant two classes.No ionic surfactant has the polyethylene glycol oxide alkyl phenyl ether, polyethylene glycol oxide lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl base glycol alkyl ether and polyoxyethylene resin acid ether.Anionic surfactant has dinaphthyl methane two niter cakes, wooden niter cake and dodecylbenzene niter cake.Also has paraffin, additives such as D-sorbitol.

The amount of brassin lactones and concentration are pressed the kind of handling plant in all kinds product, product type, and processing methods etc. can be adjusted.In general, the content of brassin lactones in the liquid or solid type is about 10-1000ppm now.During actual the use, add water or a kind of diffusant after, brassin lactones content finally is 10 ¹-10 ⁴Ppm.Certainly the ultimate density of brassin lactones is handled the kind of plant according to processing intent, other changed factor such as processing method and the adjustability of a wide region is arranged.

It is now know that handles plant with brassin lactones multiple mode.A kind of is seed or stem tuber stage plant, handles with brassin lactones.Generally be the dilute aqueous solution with the brassin lactones product type of given concentration, dispersant or emulsifier soak the plant regular hour.Another kind of processing mode is pasty state brassin lactones type products directly to be coated with or similar approach is coated on seed or the stem tuber.No matter plant is in the development stage, still at seedling, branch or tiller, ear, bloom and the stage of ripeness, handles preferably spraying method routinely with brassin lactones.With the aqueous solution of certain density brassin lactones, dispersant or emulsifier spray plant.On this occasion, add and state one or more adjuvants and be used in combination with brassin lactones solution, dispersant or emulsifier, will be partly or improve wetting and scattering nature, infiltration capacity, dispersibility, deposit properties, stickup character and the suspending power of inorganic agent greatly.Spray and to use any sprayer.Former when wide when plant, the most handy aircraft carries out aerial low dosage and sprays, and just can handle so at short notice.The processing of brassin lactones can be carried out separately, also can be with other a kind of or several process, as weeding, pesticide-treated in conjunction with carrying out.In conjunction with the method for handling be: a kind of or several other plant hormones, chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, disinfectant, insecticide etc. are added in the product type of brassin lactones.

Both pictures and texts are excellent from following, can understand the present invention more comprehensively.

The curve map of Fig. 1 (A)-1 (C) has shown at the different vegetative stages of wheat, handles the result of the test of wheat with certain density brassinolide solution.

The curve map of Fig. 2 (A)-2 (C) has shown that the wheat back of blooming is heavy with the grain after the certain density brassin lactones solution-treated, and the result of the test of certain position that has shown the concentration of brassin lactones and wheatear relation of setting seeds.

The graphical representation wheat of Fig. 3 is bloomed after the brassin lactones solution-treated is measured the heavy result of the test of grain on each small ear.

The graphical representation wheat of Fig. 4 is bloomed after the brassin lactones solution-treated is measured the heavy result of the test of grain on each small ear.

The graphical representation wheat of Fig. 5 is bloomed after the brassin lactones solution-treated, total the weight of certain several small ear and the relation of brassin lactones concentration.

After the graphical representation soybean of Fig. 6 (A) and 6 (B) was handled with certain density brassinolide solution, brassin lactones was to the effect of soybean early growth.

After the curve of Fig. 7 (A) and 7 (B) was shown in the certain growth stage usefulness brassin lactones solution-treated of soybean, brassin lactones was to the photosynthesis of soybean and the effect of related factors thereof.

After the curve of Fig. 8 (A) and 8 (B) is shown in the certain growth stage usefulness brassin lactones solution-treated of soybean, the effect of brassin lactones to setting seeds.

The graphical representation soybean of Fig. 9 (A) and 9 (B) is after the brassin lactones solution-treated, and brassin lactones is to the influence of soybean yields.

Method of the present invention can be in order to have improved the output of gramineous crop-wheat.In the case, the wheat seed before sprouting or blooming to the wheat plant in maturing stage is handled with certain density brassin lactones.Obtain tangible effect of increasing production.When the wheat of plot is all handled with brassin lactones at each vegetative stage.Check the influence of brassin lactones to wheat growth.Spray at the beginning from wheat tillering, when brassin lactones concentration improves, found that the heavy and heavy all minimizings significantly of stem fringe of tillering tassel.Find that also spray brassin lactones mid-term from the small ear differentiation, then the tillering tassel on this piece ground heavily reduces, and to the heavily not influence of stem fringe.In contrast, blooming from the beginning sprays brassin lactones, the then heavy and significantly increase of stem fringe anharmonic ratio contrast of the tillering tassel on this piece ground, so small ear top little bow structure seed percentage improves.Find that further brassin lactones is handled the weight that has increased each seed in each setting position of sampling small ear.With concentration 10 ^-2After the brassin lactones of ppm was handled, a seed of each small ear was heavy, total grain of each small ear heavily reaches total weight and all is increased to maximum, and comparison is according to increasing by 10%.Brassin lactones is handled and is made grain great big increase, the especially seed of fringe top seed and small ear heavy.Like this, handle with brassin lactones before wheat is bloomed, seed maturation and output are all had bad influence.But from wheat bloom handle with brassin lactones to the maturing stage after, small ear top little bow structure seed percentage and small ear top seed are brought up again height, make the seed volume increase.So wheat is bloomed to the maturing stage and is handled with brassin lactones, the heavy often low position of the percentage of small ear upper junction seed and grain especially, setting seeds after the processing, a percentage and grain are heavy obviously to be increased unexpectedly.Example 2 will prove that another thing highly significant is: wheat seed is handled through brassin lactones, has also shown the effect of increasing production of brassin lactones.According to processing method and floristics decision brassin lactones concentration.As wheat, brassin lactones is sprayed in preferably whole strain, and the suggestion of brassin lactones concentration is for about 10 ^-1-10 ^-3Ppm, the brassin lactones number of processes is according to processing method, floristics and application concentration and difference.In general, spraying brassin lactones concentration is 10 ^-2During ppm, number of processes is 1-5 time.

Present stage is not also known the mechanism of this effect of increasing production.But according to studies show that of present inventor, photosynthetic efficiency in the spire, pore conduction (gs) and mesophyll conduction (gm) are promoted slightly that all the photosynthetic efficiency in the sad will leaf, pore conduction and mesophyll conduction etc. are then suppressed.Therefore think that because brassin lactones is handled, pore conduction and mesophyll conduction have all participated in the change of photosynthetic efficiency.

In the example that corn is handled with brassin lactones, reel off raw silk from cocoons the stage to tying fringe, growing the fringe silk stage from the early stage of plant, after spraying with brassinolide solution, can see extremely significant effect of increasing production.The present inventor is to spike length and diameter, and iblet is heavy, the line number of fringe, and the grain number of every row and empty flat grain number etc. is studied.Just grown stage of fringe silk at corn, just sprayed fringe and fringe silk with certain density brassinolide solution.The processing of finding brassin lactones especially has a significant impact the length and the empty flat grain number at the sterile top of fringe, makes iblet anharmonic ratio contrast volume increase 18-33%.In the example of wheat, handle a rate raising of setting seeds that helps fringe top Xiao Hua with brassin lactones, usually this little bow structure seed partly is often extremely rare.

Handling with brassin lactones in the example of paddy rice, rice paddy seed be immersed in the aqueous solution of brassin lactones or paddy rice in maximum tillering stage, after handling with brassin lactones, see effect of increasing production.The result of the test of handling with the brassin lactones of variable concentrations at several vegetative stages of paddy rice is that the seed of plot is dipped in 10 ^-2Behind the brassin lactones solution of ppm concentration, tiller number and spike number comparison are according to improving 7% and 15% respectively, so though thousand kernel weight does not almost change, hulled rice increases production 17% (as shown in table 4).When the paddy rice of plot is in maximum tillering stage, with 10 ^-2Ppm and 10 ^-4The brassin lactones of ppm concentration carries out leaf surface treatment, and the number of grain per ear comparison is according to increasing 11-13%.So average fringe heavily increases 5-7% (table 5).But paddy rice forms and the flowering phase at Qi Xiaoyuan awl inflorescence, and handling then with brassin lactones, output does not obviously improve.After carrying out leaf surface treatment in the paddy rice maximum tillering stage, the small ear knot kernal number increasing rate problem of fringe is that knot kernal number increasing rate is 7-9% on several from top to bottom first to fourth rachillas.Knot kernal number increasing rate is finished up to 15-17% on the rachilla down again.This illustrates a fact: the position by under rachilla do not set seeds often fullly, and the processing of brassin lactones is to full very big influence of these seeds.Form the little garden awl inflorescence stage in paddy rice and carry out leaf surface treatment, can see that also knot kernal number increasing rate improves.But as above example is not much improved.Therefore, spray brassin lactones in the most vigorous stage of rice tillering, its effect of increasing production shows a rate of setting seeds that has improved the fringe bottom significantly.

Method of the present invention also is applied to the volume increase of legume soybean.In several vegetative stages of soybean, after the brassin lactones processing with variable concentrations, find that brassin lactones promotes the elongation of epicotyl, internode, petiole and branch etc.Yet this facilitation changes with the concentration of organ kind and brassin lactones, and the growth of handling leaf area as the brassin lactones of higher concentration is suppressed.On the other hand, find the joint preface of brassin lactones to first branch, branch amount, joint number on the branch and the influence of the joint number of stem are little.Explanation forms organ does not have facilitation.When the 4th ternate mounted blade of soybean, and this 4th ternate blade launches after-applied brassin lactones fully.Then improved photosynthetic efficiency.Before and after the soybean blossoming, handle continuously with brassin lactones.Green cellulose content increases in the blade on the soybean stem on per two leaf positions, and demonstrating brassin lactones has delaying senility function to leaf.About the influence of brassin lactones to soybean knot folder and output, made determination test, handle continuously through brassin lactones before the soybean blossoming, the folder number on the increase branch and the kernal number of each beans underedge, like this, total seed of each plant is brought up again high.In contrast, soybean blossoming bends owing to promote branch and petiole to extend, thereby reduces and finish folder rate and output after brassin lactones is handled continuously.So, concerning soybean, handle since the 3rd ternate mounted blade to blooming this stage, just can increase the beans folder number on the branch and the kernal number of each beans underedge.Illustrate that brassin lactones has effect of increasing production to soybean.In a word, the method that increases legume output according to the present invention is to just beginning this stage of blooming at the 3rd ternate mounted blade of soybean, toward certain some of plant, as flower, leaf, stem, root etc., or whole plant applies brassin lactones.When certain some of plant is handled, during with the aqueous solution of brassin lactones, emulsifier or dispersant type, can handle with modes such as soaking seed, spray, smear.Brassin lactones concentration is by processing method or floristics and difference.For example soybean is preferably put in order strain spraying concentration about 10 ^-1-10 ^-4The brassinolide solution of ppm, emulsifier or dispersant.Number of processes is by processing method, floristics and used brassin lactones concentration and do not wait, but generally be 1-5 time.

Be used for the problem that potato is increased production about method of the present invention, the most handy concentration is 10 ^-3-10 ^-5The aqueous solution of ppm brassin lactones, dispersant or emulsifier soaked stem tuber 10-30 hours.Like this, the stem tuber yield increased of each plant increases 10-20%.Wherein the optimum concentration of brassin lactones is about 10 ^-4Ppm.With concentration 10 ^-4The whole strain of the brassinolide solution of ppm sprays 2 times, and the stem tuber number of this every strain in piece ground is almost identical with contrast with weight.Stem tuber output does not increase.Prove that thus stem tuber was planted before soil and handled with brassin lactones, be suitable for the potato volume increase.

Because brassin lactones extensively is present in the edible natural vegetables, be a kind of natural materials, so be no problem about the safety and the biological degradation character aspect of brassin lactones.

In order to illustrate in greater detail the present invention, will enumerate brassin lactones product type example and " BR processing " example below." BR processing " is meant with brassin lactones and handles, and " B R processings " is with at the table of relevant various testing indexs with use in illustrating.Example 1 (a kind of kind of liquid)

100 milligrams of brassin lactones and 10 milliliters of Neoesterin (a kind of wetting agent, by Kumiai chemical industry Co., Ltd, Japan sells) are dissolved in 990 milliliters of ethanol, evenly mix being made into the fluid product type.Before the use, thin up, constant volume are 1 of original volume, 000-1,000,000 times.Example 2 (a kind of emulsion concentrate type)

Emulsion concentrate is evenly mixed by following component and is mixed with:

Brassin lactones accounts for 0.01% of weight

Dimethyl formamide accounts for 60% of weight.

Dimethylbenzene accounts for 30% of weight

(a kind of wetting agent is by accounting for 10% of weight for Nitten

Nissan chemical industry Co., Ltd sells)

Example 3 (a kind of Powdered type of meeting aqueous dispersion)

This powder-type that disperses in water is fully mixed and pulverize and preparing by following component:

Brassin lactones accounts for 0.1% of weight

Diatomite accounts for 85% of weight

Polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 5% of weight

The dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate accounts for 9.9% example 4 (a kind of paste-type) of weight

Evenly mix following component and make paste-type:

Brassin lactones accounts for 0.001% of weight

Ethanol accounts for 10% of weight

90% BR that lanolin accounts for weight handles example 1

Do compound test with the Asakaze wheat.Measure the resulting effect of wheat that brassin lactones is applied to different vegetative stages by the method shown in the table 1.

The ethanolic solution of western ester dilutes with 1: the 5000 usefulness Neose-terin aqueous solution in the 100ppm brassin.Dilution is with 10 ^-4, 10 ^-2Or 10 ⁰The concentration capacity of ppm is sprayed the whole strain of wheat.Cultivated wheat routinely.In the table cycle, II, III has made harvested output and has calculated among the IV.

Also made five kinds of testing indexs: (1) is to the influence of germination and growth of seedling; (2) influence to tillering; (3) influence to earing; (4) influence that fringe is weighed; (5) to fringe on the stem set seeds the grain influence.

The test determination result is described below one by one.In addition, test period II, the result of III and IV is illustrated respectively in Fig. 1 (A), and 1 (B) is among 1 (C).The result of test IV also is illustrated in Fig. 2 (A), and 2 (B) are among 2 (C) and Fig. 3-5.Result of the test: (1) is to the influence of germination and growth of seedling

Concentration is 10 ^-2Or 10 ⁰During ppm, the elongation of leaf sheath and root is by strong inhibition, and radical has some increases.(2) influence to tillering

In test period II and III, when brassin lactones concentration was higher, tiller number increased.But then, the percentage of producing stem reduces, and reduces so produce the stem number.(3) influence to earing

In test period II, the BR processing delay is eared period.

Table 1 test method

Composite testing	Cultivation method	The BR processing method
			I II III IV	(A) cultivate (B) on four and be sowed in 2 liters of beakers of containing soil depth of planting: 5cm in basin sowing on January 12nd, 1984. Flowerpot is put into the greenhouse to March 3, puts outdoor then.Basin sowing was on November 4th, 1983, and flowerpot is placed on outdoor.The same	(begin to ear since (tillering) to April 20 March 3 with certain density BR aqueous solution seed soaking 24 hours, April 29) during, the BR aqueous solution handle 7 times since March 3 (small ear differentiation mid-term) to (heading on April 20, April 27) during, the BR aqueous solution handle 7 times since May 2 (blooming) during No. 30, BR aqueous solution processing 5 times

Annotate: (1) " BR " refers to brassin lactones

(2) at test period II, III is among the IV, in getting wheat on June 8.(4) influence that fringe is weighed

Among the test period II, when brassin lactones concentration improves, the fringe weight of tillering and great big minimizing of fringe of stem.In test period III, BR handles the fringe of tillering is heavily reduced, but the fringe of stem does not see that heavily what variation is arranged.In test period IV, BR handles and makes the heavy obviously increase of the fringe of tillering fringe heavy and stem.(5) to fringe on the stem set seeds the grain influence

Among the test period IV, BR handles the percentage that makes the little bow structure seed in small ear top and improves.And, BR handle a seed on each position of setting seeds make the sampling small ear weight, fringe upper, middle and lower three partly grain total the weight heavy and each small ear of each small ear all increased.Concentration is 10 ²The BR of ppm handles and makes total grain heavily be increased to maximum, and comparison is according to improving 10%.Find that BR handles the grain that makes grain heavily be increased in small ear and fringe top seed and heavily increases particularly outstanding.

Fig. 1 (A), 1 (B), the curve of 1 (C) is shown in test period II respectively, III, the result of IV.Left side ordinate is represented total fringe of every basin heavy (unit is for propping up/basin).The right ordinate represents that the tillering tassel of every basin is heavy or the stem fringe is heavy (unit is for propping up/basin).Abscissa among these three figure represents to handle employed brassin lactones (unit is ppm).Be with the total fringe of stain (---) expression heavy on the solid line.Be with on the dotted line hollow triangle (... △ ... △ ...) represent that the fringe of stem is heavy.Be with on the dotted line empty circles (... zero ... zero ...) represent that the fringe of tillering is heavy.One vertical line segment table shows the minimal error (p=0.05) between mean value.Value in the parantheses is 100 o'clock relative value for contrast.From Fig. 1 (A), 1 (B) can know and find out that when the brassin lactones concentration among test period II, the III increased, the fringe gross weight reduced.

Fig. 2 (A), 2 (B), 2 (C), 3,4,5 the expression test period IV the result: brassin lactones to fringe on the stem set seeds the grain influence.Fig. 2 (A), 2 (B), the heavy and brassin lactones concentration of treatment of 2 (C) expression grain can be educated relation between the percentage of little bow structure seed in little tip of the spike respectively and on three positions, fringe upper, middle and lower.

At Fig. 2 (A), 2 (B), 2 (C), in 3,4, the top small ear of fringe (top small ear) refers to from down several the 3rd small ears of top small ear; The small ear of fringe bottom (bottom small ear) refers to from up several the 3rd small ears of bottom small ear.Fig. 2 (A), 2 (B), among 2 (C), the position of little tassel seed is determined arbitrarily by following: bottom position fixed " a ", upwards fixed successively " b ", " c ", " d ".Left side ordinate is represented grain heavy (G.W. unit's milligram), and the right ordinate represents that the top can educate the percentage of little bow structure seed (G.S.).Abscissa is represented brassin lactones concentration of treatment (unit: ppm).Among Fig. 2 (A), solid line a(-●-●-) expression handles the result that the top small ear is set seeds by upper/lower positions with certain density brassin lactones.Dotted line b(... zero ... zero ...) the set seeds result of grain of the expression b position of handling the top small ear with certain density brassin lactones.Line c(... ▲ ... ▲ ...) add " G.S. " mark and represent with the c position that certain density brassin lactones is handled the top small ear set seeds " G.S. " of grain.Line c (△--△-) indicates c position that " G.W. " expression handles the top small ear with certain density brassin lactones set seeds " G.W. " of grain.Fig. 2 (B), among 2 (C), line a, bWith Fig. 2 ( A) center line a, bSame meaning.Line cDuring (△--△-) expression is handled with certain density brassin lactones, the d position of bottom small ear set seeds " G.S. " of grain.Line d(--) indicate " G.W. " expression handle with certain density brassin lactones in, " d " position of bottom small ear set seeds " G.W. " of grain.Fig. 2 (A) does not have line d to be because the top small ear has only 3 seeds.On the contrary, Fig. 2 (B), the wired d of 2 (C) be because in, on the small ear of bottom the knot 4 seeds.

Fig. 3 curve table is shown under the condition of finite concentration brassin lactones, and the grain of each small ear is heavy.Ordinate is represented the grain heavy (is unit with the milligram) of every small ear among the figure.Abscissa is represented brassin lactones concentration (is unit with ppm).Line (--●--●--) expression middle part small ear, line (△-△-) expression bottom small ear, line (zero--zero-) expression top small ear.

Fig. 4 curve table is shown under the condition of finite concentration brassin lactones, the grain heavy (is unit with percentage) of each small ear.Ordinate is represented the grain heavy (is unit with percentage) of each small ear.Abscissa is represented brassin lactones concentration (is unit with ppm).Line (●--●-,-△-△-,-zero--zero-) with the same meaning of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 curve is represented the small ear of fringe upper, middle and lower portion set seeds total the weight of grain and the relation of brassin lactones concentration.Ordinate represent the small ear (upper, middle and lower portion small ear) at position, upper, middle and lower set seeds the grain total weight (milligram).Abscissa is represented brassin lactones concentration (ppm).Among Fig. 5, one section vertical line segment table shows the minimal error (p=0.05) between mean value.Numerical value in the parantheses is 100 o'clock relative value for contrast.Example 2

Wheat seed (Norin61 kind) is handled with the brassin lactones immersion process, immerses variable concentrations (10 before the seed germination ^-1, 10 ^-3, 10 ^-5Ppm) in the brassinolide solution 12 hours.While seed addition disinfectant during immersion.Soak back seed water flushing, drying is 2 days under the room temperature.Do following test then:

Get a cube basin, 60cm is long, and 60cm is wide, and 40cm is dark.Contain overwash.Sowing wheat seed 3 row in the basin, 30 seeds of every row.Cover the thick diluvial soil of 3cm.Planted the back 2 months, and measured fringe gross weight and fringe sum, it is heavy to calculate a fringe.Result of the test is shown in following table 2.

Table 2

Agent	Concentration (ppm)	The gross weight of fringe	The fringe sum	A fringe is heavy
					The contrast of brassin lactones brassin lactones	????-10 -1????10 -3????-	116 112 100	101 100 100	115 112 100

Annotate: the result is 100 o'clock relative value for contrast in the table.

Can prove that from table 2 when seed is handled through brassin lactones, the gross weight of fringe and fringe are heavy all have been increased greatly.Example 3

Greenhouse plantation corn (Zea mays).Just reeling off raw silk from cocoons the stage from corn, is 10 with capacity concentration ^-4, 10 ^-2Or 10 ⁰Brassin lactones spray corncob and fringe silk 1-3 time.Experimental condition is as follows:

Corn variety: Honey Bantam

Trial stretch: every ground 3 strains

Soil: fluviatile loam

Spray interval:, spray 1-3 time week about from reeling off raw silk from cocoons the stage in early days.

Search time: spray that day for the third time and take a sample to research after the week afterwards.

Testing index: the length of corncob, diameter, weight, the length of the sterile part in fringe top, every row grain number, each fringe columns, empty flat kernal number and total kernal number.

Table 3 explanation result of the test.Be the detailed results of each testing index below.(1) to the influence of spike length:

Brassin lactones is handled and made the spike length increasing degree is 0-15%.(2) to the influence of fringe diameter:

At every sample plot, brassin lactones is handled and all made fringe diameter increasing degree is 2-14%.(3) to the influence of the sterile part length in fringe top:

Experimental field spray brassinolide solution 2 times or 3 times.The sterile part length in fringe top shortens greatly.Particularly using brassin lactones concentration is 10 ⁰During ppm, the sterile part length comparison in fringe top is according to short 39-46%.As experimental field using brassin lactones concentration is 10 ^-4Ppm, the then short 25-36% of the sterile part length in fringe top.Therefore, brassin lactones is handled the maturation that obviously strengthens corncob.(4) influence that fringe is weighed:

Each piece fringe experimental field is heavy all to be compared according to having increased.And concentration is 10 ⁰Ppm, 10 ^-2Ppm and 10 ^-4The brassin lactones of ppm is handled, and makes fringe increase by 25% 33% and 18% (spraying the mean value after 1-3 time) heavily respectively.5) to the influence of every row kernal number:

Brassin lactones is handled and made every row kernal number (referring to the number that seed vertically forms a line) increasing degree is 0-13%.(6) to the influence of tassel row number:

Brassin lactones is handled line number (the not influence of number that seed is in line at same horizontal plane to fringe.(7) to the influence of the flat kernal number of sky:

Observing has positive effect to the flat kernal number of sky aspect.Using brassin lactones concentration when sample plot is 10 ⁰During ppm, empty flat kernal number is less than 10% compared with the control.Using brassin lactones concentration when sample plot is 10 ^-2Ppm or 10 ^-4During ppm, empty flat kernal number is respectively 11-24% or 15-35%.(8) to the influence of total kernal number:

Brassin lactones is handled and made total kernal number increasing degree is 10-25%.

The above results clearly illustrates that, carrying out brassin lactones in the stage of reeling off raw silk from cocoons handles, every index except tassel row number has all been improved, in a word, the effect to corn yield increasing is to be reached by the shortening of the sterile top length of fringe and the minimizing of empty flat kernal number.Brassin lactones is handled to the influence of these two testing indexs compared with the control, the altering a great deal of two testing indexs.Therefore think that brassin lactones is handled and promoted to be difficult for usually the partly maturation of seed of ripe top, and has reduced empty flat kernal number, thereby has reached the effect that makes corn yield increasing.

Table 3

Brassin lactones concentration (ppm) and sprinkling number of times	Spike length (cm)	Fringe diameter (cm)	The length of the sterile part in top of fringe	Fringe heavy (gram)
					??10 0???1 ?????????2 ?????????3	??19,3(107) ??18.8(104) ??19.2(107)	??4.3(102) ??4.5(107) ??4.5(107	??1.9(68) ??1.1(39) ??1.3(46)	196(115) 215(126) 226(133)
??10 -2??1 ?????????2 ?????????3	??18.5(103) ??19.2(107) ??20.7(115)	??4.7(112) ??4.8(114) ??4.6(109)	??1.9(68) ??2.0((71) ??2.3(82)	216(127) 225(132) 236(139)
					??10 -4??1 ?????????2 ?????????3	??19.3(107) ??18.7(104) ??18.0(100)	??4.5(107) ??4.5(107) ??4.4(105)	??2.3(82) ??0.7(25) ??1.0(36)	220(129) 204(120) 181(106)
Contrast	??18.0(100)	??4.2(100)	??2.8(100)	170(100)

Table 3 (continuing)

Brassin lactones concentration (ppm) and sprinkling number of times	Every row grain number	The line number of every fringe	Empty flat kernal number	Total grain number
					??10 0?????1 ???????????2 ???????????3	??43(108) ??41(103) ??42(105)	12(92) 13(100) 14(108)	4(7) 2(4) 5(9)	??512(110) ??531(114) ??583(125)
??10 -2????1 ???????????2 ???????????3	??40(100) ??41(103) ??43(108)	14(108) 13(100) 13(100)	6(11) 10(19) 13(24)	??554(119) ??523(112) ??546(117)
					??10 -4????1 ???????????2 ???????????3	??45(113) ??44(110) ??41(103)	12(92) 13(100) 13(100)	8(15) 16(30) 19(35)	??532(114) ??556(119) ??514(110)
Contrast	??40(110)	13(100)	54(100)	??466(100)

Annotate: the numerical value in the parantheses is the relative number (is unit with percentage) that contrasts as 100 o'clock

Example 4

This example explanation brassin lactones is to the effect of increasing production of paddy rice, and rice paddy seed directly is seeded in the rice field.Before vernalization, rice paddy seed (kind: Musashi kogane) earlier with 10 ^-2The brassinolide solution of ppm soaked 24 hours, and seed is in 30 ℃ of sproutings.Be coated with seed with 10: 8 ratio with Calper (Hodogaya chemistry Co., Ltd, Japan) then.Directly plant in rice bay.Experimental condition is as follows:

Sowing date: on May 11st, 1984

Seeding method: in rice bay, broadcast (line space 30cm) with 1.5cm spacing row

The planting seed degree of depth: 1cm (covering) with overwash

Planting seed amount: 500 gram/ares

Area: 20m ²/ piece ground (repeating once/test)

Harvest date: October 2

Testing index: plant height and tiller number (July 24), band shell rice grain weight, thousand kernel weight, spike number (results back).

Table 4 is a result of the test.Be the general estimation of individual event testing index below.

How much average plant height influences if not being handled by brassin lactones.But the tiller number comparison is according to increasing by 7%.The spike number comparison of handling the plot is according to increasing by 15%.Not observing thousand kernel weight changes.So the band shell rice grain weight ratio contrast of unit test area increases more than 17%.

Table 4

After brassin lactones is handled the preceding seed of vernalization, to the effect of increasing production of paddy rice

Brassin lactones concentration ppm	Average plant height cm %	Tiller number %	Band shell rice grain heavily restrains/and 3.3 meters 2????％	Thousand kernel weight gram %	Spike number number/3.3 meter 2????％
						10 -2Contrast	????67.8 ????(101) ????67.1 ????(100)	????1275 ????(107) ????1192 ????(100)	????2018 ????(117) ????1725 ????(100)	??21.3 ??(99) ??21.52 ??(100)	????910 ????(115) ????791 ????(100)

Annotate: the numerical value in the parantheses (when percentage) is the relative number that contrasts when being 100.

Example 5

Paddy rice (kind: Musashikogane) be material.Brassinolide solution concentration is 10 ^-2Or 10 ^-4Ppm carries out foliage spray at the paddy rice vegetative stage.Vegetative stage such as maximum tillering stage,, immature garden awl inflorescence forms stage and flowering phase etc.Decide effect and the time of application thereof of brassin lactones to volume increase for examining, experimental condition is as follows:

Transplanting time: on May 17th, 1984

Begin the heading time: August 12

Harvest time: October 8

Test area: rice field

Test area: 10m ²/ piece ground (repeating once/test)

Spraying time: the maximum phase of tillering

(June 27)

Immature garden awl inflorescence forms the stage

(July 20)

Bloom (August 14)

Spray solution amount: 15 liters/are

Testing index: output, spike number, heavy, the thousand kernel weight of average fringe, the kernal number of each fringe and small ear.

Gather in the crops 20 cave paddy rice on every ground.Examine the fixed output quota amount, spike number, average fringe weigh the kernal number of thousand kernel weight and each fringe.Check the kernal number and the knot of the small ear below the 4th small ear kernal number of down several 1-4 the small ears in kernal number, tip of the spike (top the 1st to the 4th small ear) of each whole fringe.

Result of the test is listed in table 5, the table 6.Brief description once.

Plot is put in order strain with brassinolide solution in field paddy rice stage maximum tillering stage and is sprayed.Spike number does not change, but every tassel seed number is compared under each concentration according to increasing 11-13%.Like this, the average fringe in cave heavily increases 5-7% in the processing plot.Therefore, under the condition of any concentration brassin lactones, the heavy effect of increasing production of fringe that makes per 20 caves is up to 10%.In this example, the comparison of the kernal number of down several the 1st to the 4th small ears is according to increasing 7-9% from the tip of the spike.By comparison be that the comparison of the kernal number of bottom small ear is according to increasing 15-17%.The growth rate that fringe lower junction seed is described has improved.The sample plot that sprays in the immature garden awl inflorescence formation stage, regardless of the concentration of brassin lactones, the following small ear kernal number of the 4th small ear increases by 9%.The sample plot that sprays in the most vigorous stage of tillering, tip of the spike the 1st to the 4th small ear kernal number only increases 2-3%.So compared with the control, the kernal number of each fringe increases 5-6%.And the thousand kernel weight comparison slightly is reduced to 98% according to sample plot, and the fringe in per 20 caves is heavy almost equal with contrast.The sample plot that sprays in the flowering phase, average fringe is heavy, and thousand kernel weight and kernal number are all identical with contrast, and the fringe in per 20 caves, two ground does not heavily have difference.Example 6

One group of flowerpot plantation soya seeds of containing soil (kind: Enrei) thinning to 2 of every basin or 3.Under field condition, test by method shown in the table 7.The brassin lactones ethanolic solution of 100ppm dilutes with 1: the 5000 usefulness Nitten aqueous solution.Brassin lactones solution after the dilution is 10 with capacity concentration ^-2Or 10 ⁰Ppm sprays whole strain soybean seedling.The cultivated soybean according to a conventional method.Change the position of flowerpot weekly.

Examine each testing index of deciding test period I-IV, as table 7.In the table 7, list result of the test by each testing index.The result of the test that obtains among the test period I-IV is listed in table 8,9 and illustrate among the 6-9.

Table 7

BR processing method testing index

Test period I II

After the germination, 3 strains of every basin, in the primary leaves expanded stage, BR handled plant two days continuously.Sowed June 15.After the germination, fixed 2 seedlings of every basin (1/ 5000 ares).Execute 2 gram composite chemical fertilizer (N, P 2O 5, K 2The ratio of O is 12: 15: 15) as base manure.When the 4th ternate mounted blade and the 3rd tool three leaflet blades launch fully, handled two days continuously with BR.

After BR handled for two weeks, check the upgrowth situation of plant.When the 4th tool three leaflet mounted blades of plant of sample plot, handle with BR.Handle the photosynthesis and the interior relevant factor of blade of measuring blade after 10 days.Handle after 20 days, measure plant growth condition.When the 4th tool three leaflet blades of the plant of another piece sample plot launched fully, BR handled.Photosynthesis and other relevant factor in second day mensuration blade handling.

(continuous table 7)

BR processing method testing index

Test period II	Sowed June 16.Fixed 3 seedlings of every basin (1/2000 are).Execute 8 and digest fertilizer (N, P 2O 5, K 2The ratio of O is 12: 15: 15), execute 4 gram sulphate of potash magnesia (K: Mg=55: 100)., handle 4 times to the flowering phase from the 3rd tool three leaflet mounted blades every 6 days BR.	October 3 gathered in the crops.Examine the size of field planting strain a part, output composition and seed weight.
			IV	Same with sowing, the fertilising of test period III.From blooming to the stage of ripeness, the 6 days BR in every interval handle 7 times.	With test period III.

Table 5 is at the vegetative stage of field rice, with the effect of increasing production of brassin lactones processing

Spraying time	Brassin lactones concentration ppm	Output (fringe in 20 caves, every ground is heavy) gram (%)	The spike number in 20 caves (%)	The mean value gram (%) that fringe is heavy
					Tiller the most vigorous stage	10 -2? 10 -4	????1567 ????(110) ????1.568 ????(110)	????9.94 ????(104) ????975 ????(102)	??1.56 ??(105) ??1.59 ??(107)
Immature garden awl inflorescence forms the stage	10 -2? 10 -4? 10 -2	????1426 ????(100) ????1440 ????(101) ????1439	????927 ????(97) ????947 ????(99) ????974	??1.51 ??(102) ??1.52 ??(102) ??1.47
					Bloom	10 -4	????(101) ????1425 ????(100)	????(102) ????946 ????(99)	??(99) ??1.50 ??(101)
Contrast	-	????1425 ????(100)	????956 ????(100)	??1.49 ??(100)

Table 5 is continuous)

Spraying time	Thousand kernel weight gram (%)	Kernal number
					A fringe (%)	Several from top to bottom first to fourth rachilla (%)	The 4th rachilla following (%)
		Tiller the most vigorous stage	??24.6 ??(98) ??24.8 ??(99)	??69.1 ??(113) ??67.9 ??(111)				????36.8 ????(100) ????36.2 ????(107)	????32.0 ????(117) ????31.5 ????(115)
Immature garden awl inflorescence forms the stage	??24.5 ??(98) ??24.5 ??(98)				??64.2 ??(105) ??64.9 ??(106)	????34.4 ????(102) ????34.8 ????(103)	????29.9 ????(109) ????29.8 ????(109)
		Bloom	??24.7 ??(99) ??24.8 ??(99)	??61.3 ??(100) ??64.3 ??(105)				????34.1 ????(101) ????34.8 ????(103)	????27.1 ????(99) ????29.3 ????(107)
Contrast	??25.1 ??(100)				??61.2 ??(100)	????33.8 ????(100)	????27.4 ????(100)

Table 6

The fringe of field rice after brassin lactones is handled heavily distributes

(the most vigorous stage sprays tillering)

(A)

BR concentration (ppm)	Fringe heavy (gram)
										??0～ ??0.75	?0.75～ ?1.0	??1.0～ ??1.25	?1.25～ ?1.5	?1.5～ ?1.75	?1.75～ ?2.0	??2.0～ ??2.25	??2.25～ ??2.5	??2.5～
	10 -210 -4	??3.3 ??2.3	?5.1 ?6.5	??11.4 ??9.0	?16.6 ?19.7	?21.1 ?21.4	?21.1 ?23.6	??14.7 ??12.6	??5.7 ??4.6										??1.0 ??0.7
Contrast										??3.5	?8.1	??15.4	?20.4	?24.3	?18.4	??6.5	??2.7	??1.2

(continuous table 6)

(B)

BR concentration (ppm)	Fringe heavy (%)
									????0～ ????0.75	??0～ ??1.0	??0～ ??1.25	??0～ ??1.5	??0～ ??1.75	??0～ ??2.0	??0～ ??2.25	?0～ ?2.5
	10 -210 -4	????3.3 ????2.3	??8.4 ??8.8	??19.8 ??17.8	??36.4 ??37.5	??57.5 ??58.9	??78.6 ??82.1	??93.3 ??94.7									?99.0 ?99.3
Contrast									????3.5	??11.6	??27.0	??47.4	??71.7	??90.1	??96.6	?99.3

Annotate: (1) " BR " refers to brassin lactones.

(2) in the table (A), differ from 0.25 gram between the black line top interior fringe of each lattice is heavy.

(3) in the table (A), the heavy percentage (in corresponding weight range) of the total fringe of each numeric representation.

(4) in the table (B), each numerical value is unit for the summation of numerical value in the respective range in the table (A) with percentage.Result of the test: 1.BR handles the influence to soybeans they grow:

According to the method for test period I-IV, handle with brassin lactones at the several stages of soybeans they grow.Thereby determine effect at each stage brassin lactones of soybeans they grow.(1), handle (primary leaves expanded stage) (test period I) in the seedling stage with BR:

In concentration is 10 ⁰Under the situation of ppm, the contrast of epicotyl ratio of elongation quickens 43%, but the expansion of primary leaf and first tool three leaflet blade is subjected to suppress to be 11-14%.In concentration is 10 ^-2Under the situation of ppm, the growth of observing each organ has all been promoted some, but BR handles not very big effect.(2), handle (the 4th three leaflet mounted blade stages of tool) (test period II) in the seedling stage with BR:

(a), the growth of stem: when concentration is 10 ^-2During ppm, it is 45% and 65% that the elongation (extending the initial stage in stage rapidly) of elongation of the 3rd internode (extending the mid-term in stage rapidly) and the 4th internode is promoted to compare respectively photograph.Because BR handles, the elongation of second internode (elongation latter stage) is suppressed suddenly.When concentration is 10 ⁰During ppm, be 10 to the short row effect specific concentration that extends internode elongation in mid-term in stage ^-2A little less than effect during ppm is wanted.And it is stronger to the inhibitory action of elongation internode elongation in latter stage in stage.

(b), leaf growth: concentration is 10 ^-2The BR of ppm handles, and what influence does not observe it has to leaf area, dry weight and the petiole length of the 4th tool three leaflet blades.Concentration is 10 ⁰The BR of ppm handles, and then these factors is had a significant impact.Concentration is 10 ⁰During ppm, the leaf area of the 4th tool three leaflet blades and dry weight comparison are according to minimizing 19%, and the comparison of petiole length is according to long 12%.

(3), the 3rd tool three leaflet mounted blades to the beginning flowering phase, BR handles (test period III) continuously:

Concentration is 10 ⁰The BR of ppm handles continuously, and leaf area diminishes and petiole is elongated, and is as shown in table 8.At this on the one hand, test period III is similar with I to test period II.Other big or small factor that BR handles plant position does not have a significant impact, and is as shown in table 9.BR handles almost not influences such as the joint preface of first branch, joint number on the branch amount branch and the joint numbers on the stem.(4), beginning to bloom to the stage of ripeness, BR handles (test period IV) continuously:

This result of the test is basic identical with the result of test period II.2.BR handle influence: (1), BR processing before the 4th tool three leaflet mounted blades to photosynthesis and material production:

Carrying out BR the 4th three leaflet mounted blade stages of tool handles.Handle back 10 days mensuration.Photosynthetic efficiency (CER) has raising slightly, when concentration is 10 ^-2During ppm, chlorophyll content (Chl atb) and mesophyll conduction (gm) increase slightly, and pore conduction (g s) does not change.And concentration is 10 ⁰Ppm, pore conduction comparison is according to reducing 12%.(2), the 4th tool three leaflet blades launch back BR processing fully:

Carrying out BR after the 4th tool three leaflet blades launch fully handles.Handle back second day mensuration.When concentration is 10 ^-2During ppm, photosynthetic efficiency improves 10%, when concentration is 10 ⁰During ppm, photosynthetic efficiency raising 13% and contrast ratio).The comparison of " gm " and " gs " value is according to also improving a bit.BR handles and measured not change of chlorophyll content in back 10 days.

SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING, BR handles continuously.All handle plot leaf chlorophyll content one

Table 8

BR handles the influence to leaf growth and chlorophyll content continuously

Table 8 (continuing)

Annotate: (1) " BR " refers to brassin lactones.

(2) each numerical value is for measuring the mean value of 10 leaves.

(3) below " stem blade position " these row, after launching fully, each blade begins to calculate fate.As: 3 (the 3rd tool three little leaf) were handled 40 days; 5 (the 5th ternate leaves) were handled 36 days; 7 (the 7th ternate leaves) were handled 55 days; 10 (the tenth ternate leaves) were handled 46 days.

(4) numerical value in the parantheses is that to contrast at that time be 100 o'clock relative number (is unit with percentage).

Table 9

BR handles the influence to soybeans they grow continuously

Test period	BR concentration (ppm)	Stem			The joint preface of first branch	Branch amount (every strain)	Joint number on the branch (every strain)
								Stem long (cm)	Joint number	Average joint long (cm)
		III (BR handles before blooming)	????0 ????10 -2????100	????57.6 ????57.7 ????63.2							????13.5 ????13.5 ????13.6	??4.27 ??4.27 ??4.65	??3.5 ??3.4 ??3.1	????8.8 ????8.6 ????8.9	??23.9 ??25.2 ??25.8
BR handled after IV was bloomed)	????0 ????10 -2????100				????58.9 ????59.5 ????60.0	????13.4 ????13.6 ????13.5	??4.40 ??4.38 ??4.44	??3.5 ??3.6 ??3.2	????8.6 ????8.6 ????8.7	??24.9 ??25.1 ??25.9

Table 9 (continuing)

Test period	Branch length (cm)
						????1	????2	????3	??4
	III (BR handles before blooming)	????21.8 ????25.5 ????22.2	????21.2 ????26.1 ????21.6	????19.4 ????19.9 ????18.2						??15.1 ??15.4 ??13.5
IV (the back BR of blooming handles)					????27.7 ????31.0 ????29.9	????28.0 ????29.7 ????30.7	????19.7 ????20.0 ????24.2	??13.7 ??13.9 ??19.7

Annotate: (1) " BR " refers to brassin lactones.

(2) each numerical value is each 8 basins of handling, and every basin has the mean value of the measured value of 3 strains.

(3) in this hurdle of branch length, numeral 1,2,3,4 represents the 1st, the 2 respectively, the 3rd and the 4th branch.

Point improves, and illustrates that BR has the effect that stops leaf senile, and is as shown in table 9.3.BR processing to the knot folder, is set seeds and the influence of output:

Handle (test period III) continuously with brassin lactones before soybean plant strain is bloomed, do not find what difference total folder number and the contrast of handling plant have.But the ratio of the folder number on the folder number of branch and the stem has very big change.After BR handled, the folder number comparison on the stem was according to reducing 16-18%.In contrast, the comparison of the folder number on the branch is according to increasing by 12%.Also find to handle through BR, the kernal number of each folder increases 6-9%.

In test period IV, after blooming, handles continuously soybean plant strain with brassin lactones.See that working as concentration is 10 ^-2During ppm, number is always pressed from both sides in every strain of handling the plot, branch folder number is consistent with the effect of the pre-treatment (test period II) of blooming with the ratio of stem folder number.Just the ratio of branch folder number and stem folder number has diminished.When the concentration of handling the plot is 10 ⁰During ppm, the knot folder number on every strain branch and the stem is all compared according to reducing.And BR handles not influence of the kernal number in each folder.(2), to the influence of output:

In test period III, the grain on every basin stem is heavy handles comparison according to minimizing 15% through BR, but the heavy 18-21% that increases of the grain on the branch.Total grain of every like this basin heavily increases by 8%.Because BR handles, every seed of stem heavily alleviates 3-5%, but does not see what variation branch has after BR handles.

In test period IV, every basin is handled through BR, and the grain of branch does not heavily change, and the grain of stem heavily when concentration be 10 ^-2Alleviate 9% during ppm, when concentration is 10 ⁰During ppm, alleviate 20% (all comparison is shone).So total grain of every basin reduces 3% and 8% heavily respectively.No matter be that set seeds on branch or the stem every particle of grain is heavy, comparison is obviously different according to not having.

Fig. 6 (A), 6 (B) have represented the result of test period I and II respectively.The curve of Fig. 6 (A) is average values shown, does not open the stage when soybean seedling is in primary leaf, handles twice with brassin lactones.Two weeks after treatment is checked 3 strains (single treatment 5 basins) of every basin, and is obtained data.The curve of Fig. 6 (B) also is average values shown, when soybean seedling is in the 4th three leaflet mounted blade stages of tool, handles twice with brassin lactones, handles three weeks of back, checks 2 strains (single treatment 5 basins) of every basin.Among Fig. 6 (A), left side ordinate is represented leaf area (cm ²), the length (cm) of the right ordinate representative various organs except that blade.Band garden circle is represented blade on the figure center line, the organ of band stain representative except that blade on the line.Line aRepresent first tool, three leaflet blades, line bRepresent primary leaf, line cRepresent second tool, three leaflet blades.On the other hand, line dRepresent epicotyl, line eRepresent hypocotyl, line fRepresent first internode, line gRepresent second internode.Among Fig. 6 (B), the upper half part of left side ordinate is represented with cm ²Be the leaf area of unit, the lower portion representative of left side ordinate is the petiole length of unit with cm.The upper half part representative of the right ordinate is the leaf dry weight of unit with the gram, and the representative of the lower portion of the right ordinate is the length of internode of unit with cm.Line aBe leaf area, line bBe leaf dry weight, line cBe petiole length.About length of internode, near the corresponding internode of digitized representation of solid line band stain.As: line 2 is represented second internode, and line 5 is represented the 5th internode.At Fig. 6 (A), among 6 (B), used brassin lactones concentration (ppm is a unit) is handled in the abscissa representative.Find out obviously that from Fig. 6 (A) handle through brassin lactones, expansion blade is subjected to strong inhibition, and the epicotyl elongation is subjected to very big influence, to the not influence of growth of other organ.Fig. 6 (B) illustrates, because brassin lactones is handled, blade area and dry weight has all been reduced.But petiole length increases, and finds length of internode is had a significant impact.

In Fig. 7 (A), 7 (B), the upper half part of left side ordinate is represented with CO ₂Mesophyll transporting (gm) is represented in the lower portion of milligram/square decimeter/hour be photosynthetic efficiency (CER) left side ordinate of unit, with cm/ second be unit, the upper half part representative of the right ordinate is the pore conduction (gs) of unit with the cel, and the lower portion representative of the right ordinate is the green rope content of leaf of unit with milligram/square decimeter.Used brassin lactones concentration is handled in abscissa representative among Fig. 7 (A), 7 (B), is unit with ppm.On behalf of brassin lactones, the curve of Fig. 7 (A) and 7 (B) handle the photosynthesis of the 4th tool three leaflet blades and the influence of related factors thereof.Fig. 7 (A) represents average values shown.When the 4th tool three leaflet mounted blades of soybean plant strain, handle twice with brassin lactones.Handled back 10 days, and handled the plot from each and get 4 leaf inspections, obtain data.Fig. 7 (B) represents average values shown.After the 4th tool three leaflet blades of soybean plant strain launch fully, handle twice with brassin lactones.Handle second day, handle plot from each and get 4 leaf inspections.

Fig. 8 (A), 8 (B) expression brassin lactones is handled the influence of the soybean knot being pressed from both sides the grain of setting seeds.Among Fig. 8 (A), curve is represented the average values shown of test period III.Soybean plant strain is bloomed preceding with brassin lactones reprocessing (can handle 4 times).3 strains (single treatment 8 basins) of every basin are checked in the results back.Among Fig. 8 (B), curve is represented the average values shown of test period IV.After blooming, handles to 7 times soybean plant strain with brassin lactones.3 strains (single treatment 8 basins) of every basin are checked in the results back.Among Fig. 8 (A), 8 (B), the upper half part of left side ordinate is represented total folder number of every strain, and the branch knot folder number of every strain is represented in the lower portion of left side ordinate.The upper half part of the right ordinate is represented the knot folder number on every strain stem, and the kernal number of each underedge is represented in the lower portion of the right ordinate.Among Fig. 8 (A), 8 (B), used brassin lactones concentration (unit is ppm) is handled in the abscissa representative.Numerical value in the parantheses is 100 o'clock relative value for contrast.For simplicity, the data of branch represent that with interrupted tape stain the data of stem are with circle expression in band garden on the solid line.

Among Fig. 9 (A), 9 (B) expression test period III and the IV, brassin lactones is handled the influence to soybean yields.The total grain of the upper half part of left side ordinate representative heavy (unit is a gram/basin) among Fig. 9 (A) and 9 (B), the middle seed of partly representing on the branch heavy (unit is a gram/basin), each seed heavy (unit is a gram/seed) on the branch is represented in the lower portion.The upper half part of the right ordinate is represented the grain heavy (unit is a gram/basin) of stem, and every the seed heavy (unit is a gram/seed) on the stem is represented in the lower portion.The result of Fig. 9 (A) and 9 (B) is the mean value of every basin 3 strains (single treatment 8 is closed).Numerical value in the parantheses is that contrast is 100 o'clock a mean value.In Fig. 8 (A) and 8 (B), the data of branch represent that to add stain on the dashed line data of stem are to add garden circle expression on the solid line.One section vertical line segment is represented the minimal error (p=0.05) between mean value.Example 7

(kind: stem tuber Danshaku) is divided into three partly to potato.Each partly immersed certain density brassinolide solution after 24 hours, planted soil.Plot carries out foliage spray with brassinolide solution.Whole strain sprays 10 in the flowering phase ^-4Twice of the brassin lactones of ppm concentration.After the results, studies show that every strain stem tuber number and stem tuber have heavily embodied the effect of increasing production of brassin lactones.Used experimental condition is as follows:

The plantation date: on March 8th, 1985

Test site: crop land for growing field crops

Test area: 60cm * 4 meter/piece ground (three times repeat)

Soil: andosol

Handle: (immersion treatment)

Plant the previous day, the stem tuber of potato is divided into three partly, uses 10 respectively ^-3, 10 ^-4Or 10 ^-5The brassinolide solution of ppm concentration soaked 24 hours.

(leaf surface treatment)

Flowering phase is with 10 ^-4The whole strain of the brassinolide solution of ppm concentration sprays twice, sprays with the amount of 20 milliliters of every strains.

Testing index: every strain stem tuber number and stem tuber heavy (throwing away the stem tuber littler) than table tennis.

Result of the test is listed in the following table 10.Each testing index is sketched.

Stem tuber is through the plot of immersion treatment, and the stem tuber number is all compared under the situation of every grade of concentration according to increasing 17-20%.On the other hand, be 10 in concentration ^-4The plot of ppm brassin lactones, the stem tuber average weight slightly increases, and concentration is 10 ^-3With 10 ^-5During ppm, the stem tuber average weight in plot slightly reduces.Therefore, be 10 in concentration ^-3, 10 ^-4With 10 ^-5The plot of ppm, every strain yield increased improves 16%, 20% and 10% respectively.So think, the output increase mainly is because the stem tuber number of every strain has increased.

Opposite with the plot of immersion treatment, with the plot of leaf surface treatment, some reduction of stem tuber average weight slightly increases though observe every strain stem tuber number.Therefore, the plot of leaf surface treatment, every strain output is almost equal with contrast.

Can be understood as: the foretype example can change in the scope of existing specification, and scope comprises floristics and the artificial treatment conditions of skilled work personnel.So just can obtain essentially identical result.

Under the situation of spiritual essence of the present invention and scope, can make many specific contents very inequality to the present invention.Therefore can think that the present invention does not limit to the specific content of particular aspects, unless the cum rights requirement.

Table 10 brassin lactones is to the influence of potato volume increase

Brassin lactones is handled	Brassin lactones concentration (ppm)	The strain number on every ground	The stem tuber number	Every ground output (kilogram)	The stem tuber number of every strain
						Immersion treatment	????10 -3????10 -4????10 -5	??48 ??46 ??49	????357 ????336 ????354	??30.9 ??30.4 ??29.9	????7.44(120) ????7.30(118) ????7.22(117)
Leaf surface treatment	????10 -4	??48	????308	??26.9	????6.42(104)
						Contrast	????-	??48	????297	??26.4	????6.19(100)

Annotate: the value in (1) parantheses is that contrast is 100 o'clock a relative number (is unit with percentage).

(2) Dui Zhao stem tuber plants in the soil without just soaking.

Table 10 (continuing)

Brassin lactones is handled	Stem tuber is on average heavy	Every strain output (gram)
			Immersion treatment	????86.6(97) ????90.5(102) ????84.5(95)	664(116) 661(120) 610(110)
Leaf surface treatment	????87.3(98)	560(101)
			Contrast	????88.9(100)	550(100)

Annotate: the value in (1) parantheses is that contrast is 100 o'clock a relative number (is unit with percentage).

(2) Dui Zhao stem tuber plants in the soil without just soaking.The wrong revisal of claim 1 structural formula specification 1 is the same after the preceding revisal of the capable revisal of revisal file name page or leaf

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25 fall 2 40 (110) 40 (100)

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33???6?????(100)??????????????????????????(109)

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Claims (14)

1. crop yield method, be characterized in the wherein a certain moment of the growing period of the plant that can increase production crop, with (2 α, 3 α, 22R, 23R)-tetrahydroxy-24S-methyl-B-height-7-oxa-5 alpha-cholane-6-ketone processing.Its structural formula is as follows:

2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, wherein crop is a gramineous crop.

3. in accordance with the method for claim 2, wherein gramineous crop is handled with compound in structural formula I they bloom-mature period.

4. according to claim 2 and 3 described methods, wherein gramineous crop is wheat (Triticum aestivum).

5. according to claim 2 and 3 described methods, wherein gramineous crop is corn (Zea Mays).

6. according to claim 2 and 3 described methods, wherein gramineous crop is paddy rice (Oryza Sativa).

7. according to the described method of claim 1,2 and 6, wherein wheat (Trit-icum aestivum) before germination, is handled with compound in structural formula I.

8. according to the described method of claim 1,2 and 6, wherein paddy rice (Oryza sative) before germination, is handled with compound in structural formula I.

9. in accordance with the method for claim 1, wherein crop is a legume.

10. in accordance with the method for claim 9, wherein legume occurs to the beginning flowering phase at the 3rd tool three leaflet blades, handles with compound in structural formula I.

11. according to claim 9 and 10 described methods, wherein legume is soybean (Glycine max).

12. in accordance with the method for claim 1, wherein crop is potato (Solanum tuberosum).Potato tubers was handled whole stem tuber or was cut into the stem tuber of several fritters with compound in structural formula I before soil is gone in plantation.

13. this crop yield agent contains a kind of active component, the structural formula I of compound is:

14. according to a kind of medicament of claim 13, wherein compound in structural formula I is present in the medicament with aqueous solution form.

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