CN1211630A - Pollution-free fire smelting method for Cu-Ni sulphide mine - Google Patents
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Abstract
A fire metallurgical method for copper or nickel sulfides ore without pollution features the integration of hot plasma heating with microwave heating. The high activity of high-temp oxygen as plasma in air and the heat release characteristic of oxidizing sulfide ore and slagging are used to integrate calcine, matting, blowing and slag depletion in one process to prepare coarse copper or nickel matte in one step while obtain waste slags. The SO2 in high-temp tail gas in catalytically reduced in microwave furnace to become sulfur for recovery. Its advantages are simplified process and apparatus, saving energy and eliminating the pollution of harmful gas to environment.
Description
The invention relates to a pollution-free fire smelting method of copper and nickel sulfide ores.
In the traditional pyrometallurgical method for preparing blister copper or high matte by treating copper sulfide concentrate or copper nickel sulfide concentrate, except oxidizing roasting-blast furnace smelting of 'black copper' (the sulfur content in the blister copper is more than 0.6% S), all traditional processes are a gradual enrichment route of matte smelting-blowing smelting. The sulfide ore matte-making smelting process comprises a blast furnace method, a reverberatory furnace method, an electric furnace smelting method, a flash furnace method, an oxygen top-blown smelting method, a molten bath smelting method and the like. In order to improve the matte grade, a roasting (partial pre-desulfurization) process is added before matte smelting. In order to reduce energy consumption, improve metal recovery rate and reduce SO2The pollution of gas to the environment, and flash furnaces or oxygen-enriched smelting and tail gas acid-making processes are adopted in newly built large plants. Crude copper or high nickel matte is prepared from matte, converter blowing is adopted totally, and then slag is treated separately. The common disadvantages of these conventional methods are: long process flow, huge equipment, large occupied area of factory buildings, large investment of capital construction equipment, high production and operation cost, high comprehensive energy consumption and serious environmental pollution (even under the condition of matching with tail gas acid making)Inevitably, there is also a large amount of SO2Gas escapes to pollute the atmosphere), the recovery rate of some valuable elements is low (such as a blast furnace method, a reverberatory furnace method, an electric furnace method and the like, and 40 percent of fixed sulfur is lost in the smelting and matte making process; also such as nickel smelting, the comprehensive smelting recovery rate of cobalt by an electric furnace-converter method is less than 44 percent, the comprehensive smelting recovery rate of cobalt by a flash furnace-converter method is less than 55 percent, the metal content of the waste slag is high, and the like. In addition, compared with other traditional methods, the method for producing blister copper or high grade nickel matte by flash smelting-converter blowing has the advantages of fully utilizing sulfur oxidation and iron slagging heat release, improving sulfur recovery rate and the like, but has high operating cost, high requirements on process control conditions, extremely large equipment, high content of metal in slag and inevitable SO2The defects that the gas escapes to pollute the environment and the like are obvious. The microwave desulfurizing plasma smelting high nickel matte patented in China (patent number 8810320.1), although the sulfide ore smelting process technology makes a revolutionary breakthrough on the basis of the traditional method, the following defects still exist in practice:
(1) the grain size and the moisture of the raw materials entering the industrial microwave oven for desulfurization have strict control requirements;
(2) h introduced into industrial microwave oven reactor in desulfurization process2The desulfurization chemical reaction with O (steam) is a endothermic reaction, so that energy is consumed;
(3) in the process of microwave heating desulfurization (arsenic) and direct preparation of elemental sulfur (arsenic), the process control condition is strict, the influence factors are relatively more, and the operation personnel are not easy to master.
The invention aims to provide a pyrometallurgical method which can simplify the process flow, reduce the energy consumption and save resources, and fundamentally solve the problem of SO in the process of smelting and desulfurizing sulfide ores2The escape of harmful gases to pollute the atmosphere is inevitable.
The invention integrates the unique advantages of heat collection plasma heating and microwave energy heating, and utilizes the strong activity of oxygen under the high temperature (8000-Roasting, matte making, converting, slagging, slag depletion and other processes of the traditional smelting method of copper sulfide concentrate or copper-nickelsulfide concentrate are integrated, crude copper or high nickel matte is prepared by one step, and waste slag is obtained at one time. SO in high temperature tail gas2The sulfur is recovered by catalytic reduction in an industrial microwave oven.
The technical scheme of the invention is completed by the following process steps:
A. raw materials (the water content is less than 4%) which are uniformly mixed by ingredients (calculation results corrected according to theory and practice) are directly added into a material slope of a melting area of a plasma furnace from a closed material bin for desulfurization and melting, a plasma spray gun carries current by adopting compressed air with the gauge pressure of 0.45-0.5MPa, crude copper or high nickel matte is prepared by one step, and waste slag is obtained at one time;
B. CaCO is added into slag depletion area of plasma furnace3The slag is depleted by a depletion agent and a reductant C, and the slag is depleted by a plasma torch with N2Carrying current, and obtaining waste slag once;
C. SO generated by air plasma oxidation desulfurization or dearsenification in smelting zone2Gas or As2O3The gas enters an industrial microwave oven reactor along with high-temperature furnace gas, is reduced into elemental sulfur or arsenic by microwave catalysis at the temperature of 600-.
The temperature of a melt contact arc zone of a molten pool of the plasma furnace is 2000-2600 ℃. The plasma torch has DC voltage of 50-80V.
The smelting area of the plasma furnace can also adopt oxygen-enriched current carrying with gauge pressure of 0.45-0.5 MPa.
The 'material slope' in the smelting zone in the step A is designed for protecting the furnace wall of the smeltingfurnace, so that the furnace wall does not directly receive high-temperature radiation of plasma and influence the service life of a furnace lining, and after the furnace burden is added, the furnace burden is firstly accumulated on the bottom of the slope-shaped furnace to form a solid furnace burden accumulation object inclined towards the middle of a molten pool. The furnace burden is continuously melted under the high temperature radiation of plasma in a melting zone and the heat conduction of molten high temperature liquid material in a melting pool, a region (the temperature of the melt is more than 2500 ℃) directly contacted with a plasma arc in the melting pool and adjacent melt are heated under the high temperature of the plasma, and the intense oxidation of sulfonium and the slagging and heat release of iron are added, so that a large temperature gradient is formed between the region and the periphery, molten liquid such as a metal (or high nickel matte) layer at the bottom layer, a copper matte (or low nickel matte) layer at the middle layer, a slag layer at the upper layer and the like are formed, the flowability is excellent, and under the impact of the pressure of a plasma arc column, the melt in the region forms strong vertical vortex motion, and a very good and contact state is formed among solid-liquid phases, liquid-gas phases and solid-gas phases in the melt, so that the heat transfer speed is greatly improved, is beneficial to improving the production efficiency. The following chemical reactions take place in the charge in the melting zone:
charging the furnace burden, receiving high-temperature radiation heat in the furnace on a material slope, and adding pyrite (FeS)2) The sulfide present in the form before melting undergoes the following decomposition reaction:
oxidation of other sulfides:
(cobalt and nickel sulfides are oxidized by the same reaction)
(cobalt and nickel oxides sulfided in the same reaction)
The following reactions occur in nickel smelting:
slagging reaction:
in the presence of sufficient silica, there is little reaction:
therefore, the desulfurization under the air (or oxygen-enriched) plasma smelting has the advantages that firstly, the reaction is extremely rapid, secondly, the utilization rate of oxygen is almost 100 percent, and therefore, the flue gas quantity is greatly reduced, and compared with the blast furnace-converter method for smelting copper and nickel, the flue gas quantity of the invention is only 1/9 of the former method. This not only saves energy consumption greatly, but also is favorable to the microwave treatment of the subsequent step.
In the slag depletion area in the step B, besides the addition of the depletion agent and the reducing agent, the plasma heating and heat preservation are adopted, so that the depletion area can have two functions, namely, the melt in the molten pool is relatively kept calm, the metal sedimentation is facilitated, and the content of the slag metal is reduced; secondly, adding a depleting agent CaCO3And a reducing agent C, allowing the following chemical reaction to occur:
(cobalt and nickel silicates were subjected to the same reduction reaction)
In the process of slag depletion in nickel smelting, a vulcanizing agent S is added according to the quantity of sulfur and the quantity of slag =3/1000, so that the collection and sedimentation of copper, nickel and cobalt metals dispersed in the slag are facilitated, the heavy metals contained in the depleted slag (waste slag) are respectively 0.13% of Cu, 0.055% of Ni and 0.011% of Co, and 100% of noble metals and platinum group metals enter blister copper or nickel matte, so that the metal content in the slag is reduced to the minimum.
In step C, SO generated by air (or oxygen-enriched) plasma desulfurization or dearsenification of the smelting zone2Gas or As2O3The gas enters the industrial microwave oven reactor along with the high-temperature furnace gas, passes through a high-temperature carbon layer in the reactor, and is subjected to microwave treatmentUnder the catalytic action of energy, the following reduction reactions are realized:
the reduced S or As gas enters a collector, is deposited after being cooled and is discharged periodically, and the aim that the exhausted tail gas does not contain pollutants is fulfilled. Some of the sulfur in the furnace gas is already in the state of elemental sulfur (steam) before entering the industrial microwave oven, because the oxygen in the air or oxygen-enriched plasma injected into the molten bath is exhausted (if properly matched) in the molten bath, and the pyrite (FeS) in the charged material is added2) The S liberated by the thermal dissociation is free of oxygen and a result of its action.
The process flow of one of the prior art is shown in fig. 1;
the process flow of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2.
The plasma-microwave energy heating system of the present invention is shown in fig. 3.
The device comprises a plasma power supply 1, a positive electrode 2 of the plasma power supply, a negative electrode 3 of the plasma power supply, a plasma spray gun 4, a slag discharge port 6 of the plasma power supply, a heat-preservation molten pool 7 of metal (or high nickel matte) discharged, a discharge port arranged on the heat-preservation molten pool, a slag depletion area 8, a smelting (converting) area 10, a refractory partition wall 9 for separating the slag depletion area from the smelting area, a metal layer 11, a copper matte or low copper matte layer 12, a slag layer 13, a furnace gas uptake flue 14, a microwave source 15, a resonant cavity 16, a microwave heating reactor 17, an element sulfur or arsenic collector 18, a purified tail gas flue 19 and a tail gas exhaust fan 20.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) plasma heating
① can obtain continuous high temperature (8000-30000K) airflow with high pressure for a long time which is more than five times larger than the chemical combustion heat;
② plasma arc is highly energy concentrated (energy concentration)To 1.1X 107Tile/cm2More than one hundred times of common welding arc), the flow velocity of the carrier gas can reach more than supersonic speed, and the heat transfer speed is more than 10 times of that of the traditional heating method in the process of heating the substance;
③ the plasma arc torch can adjust its working parameters at any time according to the change and need of the production process, which is good for realizing the process purpose;
④ in the chemical reaction process, the reactant in the plasma heating high temperature, activated the reactant molecules to make some in the traditional heating method heating temperature difficult to achieve or can not achieve under the temperature to achieve the chemical reaction, in addition in the plasma heating high temperature, by the plasma arc torch under the high temperature liquid state under the strong stirring effect and reactant, product self molecular heat movement, greatly enhanced the chemical reaction mass transfer speed, thus greatly improved the heated reactant chemical reaction speed, therefore, plasma heating represents the especially high production efficiency in the production;
⑤ the output power of the plasma power supply can be converted into heat effect 100% under the condition that the design of the plasma torch and the related heating parameters is proper and the related parameters are coordinated with the operation in production, therefore, the comprehensive energy consumption of plasma heating is very low;
⑥ the plasma heating has no pollution to the product such as fuel burning and electrode consumption, and the plasma arc heats the surface of the material, the material melts instantly under the high temperature heating of the plasma arc, therefore, the smoke heating rate of the plasma is almost zero, and the smoke volume is greatly reduced, thus the heat loss brought away by the smoke is greatly reduced, which is beneficial to improving and controlling the product quality and protecting the environment;
⑦ the plasma heating is easy to realize and ensure the sealing of the process furnace and the atmosphere control because there is no frequent lifting problem of the electrode;
⑧ plasma heating, because of high efficiency, simplified production process and greatly reduced auxiliary supporting facilities, the occupied area is small, the one-time investment of capital equipment is small, and the automatic control of the production process is easy to realize (2) microwave energy addition
① microwave can selectively heat the substance, so it can be fully used in mining and metallurgy industries;
② the microwave energy has strong catalytic action on the chemical reaction of the wave-absorbing substance;
③ the microwave energy heats the substance with rapid temperature rise, the temperature rise speed of the wave-absorbing substance can only be measured in nanosecond time, so the traditional heat transfer theory and heat transfer law are not completely applied in the microwave energy heating;
④ the microwave energy has certain penetrating action on the heated material, and is the direct heat release of the wave-absorbing material molecules, therefore, the heated material is very uniformly heated;
⑤ the microwave energy heats the substance without any pollution to the heated substance caused by heat source or heating material, therefore, the microwaveenergy heating is very clean;
⑥ the microwave energy can be used for heating to save comprehensive energy consumption;
⑦ microwave energy is highly efficient (productive and economical) to heat.
In conclusion, the invention greatly simplifies the production process flow, reduces the comprehensive energy consumption, reduces the process control conditions, minimizes the content of metal in the slag, greatly improves the metal recovery rate and saves and utilizes precious resources.
In addition, the invention firstly converts the sulfur or arsenic in the sulfide ore or the sulfur arsenic ore into the high-temperature gas sulfur dioxide (SO) which is easy to volatilize2) Or arsenic trioxide (As)2O3) Then the sulfur or arsenic is introduced into an industrial microwave energy reactor for catalytic reduction to elemental sulfur or arsenic recovery. Therefore, the structure of the industrial microwave oven for producing sulfur and arsenic is simplified, the oxidation heat release of the sulfide ore and the sulfur arsenic ore is fully utilized, and the energy is greatly saved. In addition, if the sulfur dioxide is reduced by carbon under the conventional heating, the reduction is started at the temperature of 1100 ℃, and is completely reduced in a carbon layer at the temperature of more than 1300 ℃. When the carbon layer is heated by microwave energy at 700 ℃, the sulfur dioxide gas can be completely reduced. Therefore, the SO is fundamentally solved2The problem of air pollution caused by harmful gas is favorable for protectionNatural ecological environment.
Table 1 compares the economic and technical indices for producing high grade nickel matte by various methods.
Example 1
The main chemical components of the treated copper concentrate are as follows:
elemental Cu S Au Fe SiO2CaO MgO
Ingredient% 2512200 g/T16.46223.081.8
Based on the chemical components of the raw materials and the chemical reaction equations, the mixture and flux (SiO) are calculated according to theoretical and practical correction2) The blending amount of the slag is calculated according to the blending amount of 10.31 percent of CaO contained in the final waste slag. Charging material to the smelting zone is only mixed with sufficient SiO2(white sand or finely crushed silicon dioxide ore) is added into a material slope of a smelting area continuously or discontinuously from a sealed feeding bin after being uniformly mixed and dried (the moisture is less than 4%). Before the furnace charge enters the furnace, relevant preparation is needed according to the furnace opening rule of the metallurgical furnace, and the furnace charge can be formally started. Adding water quenching waste slag of other pyrometallurgical copper smelting plants before formal feeding, starting plasma for heating and melting, raising the liquid level to a slag hole, adjusting the polar distance of a plasma spray gun, and enabling the power supply output voltage to be stabilized between 50 and 80V for feeding. The plasma torch adopts compressed air with gauge pressure of 0.45-0.5MPa to carry current, the compressed air is directly injected into a molten pool, passes through a slag layer and enters a matte (or low nickel matte) layer, plasma smelting is carried out by taking a metal (or high nickel matte) layer as a suitable condition without disturbance, meanwhile, a depletion region is also put into operation, CaCO is added3A leaner and a reductant, a plasma torch with N2Carrying current, wherein the temperature of a smelting zone is 2000-. With the continuousdesulfurization, melting and slagging of the added furnace burden, the relationship between the flow rate of the air plasma carrier gas and the ore supply amount in unit time is adjusted according to the continuous sampling and analyzing results of the furnace slag and the blister copper, and the relationship between the leaner added in the depletion area and the reducing agent and the slag yield is adjusted until the optimal index is obtained. Discharging the crude copper and the waste slag respectively. Slag-depleting agent and reducing agent are added only in the depletion zone.
The heat source in the molten pool is from three aspects, namely the oxidation heat release of the sulfide ore; secondly, slagging and heat release of furnace burden; and thirdly, plasma heating. The three kinds of heat are concentrated in the same molten pool, and energy is greatly saved.
Introducing high-temperature gas (about 1500 ℃) in the molten pool into an industrial microwave oven reactor through a sealed heat-preservation flue, and introducing sulfur dioxide (SO) in a furnace gas towel at the temperature of 600 ℃ and 800 DEG C2) The gas is completely reduced into elemental sulfur by a red hot carbon layer which is preheated by microwave energy and heated by high-temperature furnace gas in the reactor under the catalysis and supplement of partial energy of the microwave energy, and then enters a sulfur collector for cooling and deposition. And the furnace gas is exhausted by an exhaust fan after being leached.
The furnace (smoke) gas generated by smelting by the method has the following characteristics: a, furnace gas temperature is high (1500 ℃); b, the amount of furnace gas is small (only 1/9 of the traditional method); c, the furnace gas hardly contains mineral dust, so that the grade of sulfur produced after the reduction of the industrial microwave oven is high; d, a smallamount of elemental sulfur is contained in furnace gas before the furnace gas is fed into the industrial microwave oven; e, SO in furnace gas2High concentration, greater than 10% S.
The main technical and economic indexes are as follows:
direct recovery rate (%) of metal-containing (%) smelting of elemental blister copper grade (%) waste slag
Cu ＞98 ＜0.13 ＞98
Au 816g/T ＞99
S ＜0.1 ＞97
Example 2
The copper-nickel sulfide concentrate mainly comprises the following chemical components:
element Ni Cu Fe S CaO MgO SiO2
Ingredient (%) 5.062.3631.2321.051.5812.412.43
In the same manner as in example 1, the following technical and economic criteria were obtained:
direct recovery rate (%) of metal-containing smelting from high grade (%) waste slag of nickel matte of element
Ni 52.87-58.25 0.055-0.013 98-99
Cu 18.20-23.73 0.13-0.11 84.77-96.51
Co 0.98-1.20 0.011-0.0098 ＞78
S 8-10 ＞96
The noble metals and platinum group metals enter the high nickel matte almost 100%.
TABLE 1 comparison of economic and technical indexes for producing high grade nickel matte
| Item | Method for producing high nickel matte | ||
| (from copper-nickel concentrate-yield Nickel matte) | Electric furnace (or blast furnace) - Converter method | Flash furnace-converter method (Jinchuan) Second-stage engineering introduction design index) | The method of the present invention |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Grade of concentrate (%) Ni Cu Co S | 3.62 2.85 0.16～0.14 22.90 | 7 4 0.18 27 | 5.62 2.85 0.16～0.14 22.90 |
| High grade of matte (%) Ni Cu Co S | 46～47 22～28 0.53～0.63 17.59～18 | 46～47 22～28 0.53～0.63 17.59～18 | 52.87～58.25 18.20～23.73 0.98～1.20 8～10 |
| Waste slag contains metal (%) Ni Cu Co | 0.177～0.227 0.24± 0.10～0.08 | 0.2 0.24 0.07 | 0.055～0.013 0.13～0.11 0.011～0.0098 |
| Metal and sulfur recoveryPercentage (%) Ni Cu Co S | (containing% of electric furnace depletion recovery) | 98～99 84.77～96.51 ＞78 97～99 | |
| 85～90 78～84 ＜44 ≤74 | 85～92 80～84 ＜55 93.9 | ||
| Comprehensive energy consumption High nickel matte of degree/T metal | * | * | 1/3 of conventional flow |
| Sulfur recovery forms | Acid making | Acid making | Direct preparation of elemental sulphur |
| Percentage of smoke (%) | ＞3 | 3± | Almost no smoke dust loss and smoke The amount is only 1/9 of the conventional method. |
| Method for obtaining waste slag | The converter slag needs to be depleted | Flash slag and converter slag both need Is subjected to depletion | Disposable waste slag |
| Disposable capital construction equipment Investment of | The flow is long, the equipment is huge, large occupied area and investment cost The utility model is large. | Long process, huge equipment and occupied land Large area, large investment for capital construction equipment | Short flow, high efficiency and floor area Less volume and equal production investment More than 1/2 can be saved compared with the first two methods. |
| Environmental protection | SO in electric furnace flue gas2Is free of Method recovery, large-scale enterprise promptly Making tail gas acid-making already matched In case of failure, it is inevitable Underground with SO2Mountain-escaping with serious pollution And (4) qi. Small and partially medium sized Enterprise SO2The smoke is only ren It is discharged. | Preparation of acid from flash furnace and converter smoke SO is still unavoidable after sleeving2 The gas escapes to pollute the atmosphere. | Radically solves the problem of colored gold Belongs to the smelting process of sulfide ore SO2Can not avoid polluting atmosphere Free property, its technique is widely applicable It is suitable for large, medium and small factories and mines. |
The relevant manufacturers are not formally published.
Claims (5)
- A pollution-free pyrometallurgical method of copper, nickel sulphide ore, utilize thermal plasma and microwave energy to heat and process, characterized by that to accomplish through the following process steps:a, directly adding the uniformly mixed raw materials (the moisture content is less than 4%) into a plasma furnace smelting region from a sealed bin for smelting, carrying current by using compressed air with the gauge pressure of 0.45-0.5MPa by using a plasma spray gun, preparing blister copper or high nickel matte by one step, and obtaining waste slag at one time;b, adding CaCO into the melting zone of the plasma furnace3The slag is depleted by a depletion agent and a reductant C, and the slag is depleted by a plasma torch with N2Carrying current, and obtaining waste slag once;c, SO generated by oxidizing desulfurization or dearsenification by air plasma in smelting zone2Gas or As2O3The gas enters an industrial microwave oven reactor along with high-temperature furnace gas, is reduced into elemental sulfur or arsenic by microwave catalysis at the temperature of 600-.
- The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the melt temperature of the melting zone in contact with the plasma arc is 2000-2600 ℃.
- The process of claim 1, wherein the smelt zone plasma lance is loaded with an oxygen-rich (gas) carrier gas at a gauge pressure of 0.45 to 0.5 MPa.
- The method of claim 1, wherein the plasma torch power supply output control voltage is 50 to 80 volts.
- The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst is CaCO3And reducing agent C in slagThe depletion zone is fed.
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| CN98116475A CN1067113C (en) | 1998-08-08 | 1998-08-08 | Pollution-free fire smelting method for Cu-Ni sulphide mine |
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| CN98116475A CN1067113C (en) | 1998-08-08 | 1998-08-08 | Pollution-free fire smelting method for Cu-Ni sulphide mine |
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| CN1067113C CN1067113C (en) | 2001-06-13 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100385024C (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2008-04-30 | 奥托库姆普联合股份公司 | Method for producing blister copper |
| CN102735047A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-10-17 | 昆明理工大学 | Method and equipment for depleting furnace slag of electric melting furnace of side-blowing melting pool |
| CN105328115A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-02-17 | 戴伟平 | Reclaiming method for cast waste sand hot plasmas |
| CN107604170A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-01-19 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | A kind of method of separation and concentration noble metal in potassium cloride slag from low nickel matte |
| CN111101001A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-05 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | One-step nickel smelting system and one-step nickel smelting method |
| CN114485147A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-13 | 河南和成无机新材料股份有限公司 | Quick ignition temperature-raising method for electric arc furnace |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1012379B (en) * | 1988-05-24 | 1991-04-17 | 昆明工学院 | Microwave desulfurization plasma smelting of nickel matte |
| CN1053705C (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 2000-06-21 | 徐有生 | Cobalt-bearing oxidized ore treatment by microwave-heat plasma |
-
1998
- 1998-08-08 CN CN98116475A patent/CN1067113C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100385024C (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2008-04-30 | 奥托库姆普联合股份公司 | Method for producing blister copper |
| CN102735047A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-10-17 | 昆明理工大学 | Method and equipment for depleting furnace slag of electric melting furnace of side-blowing melting pool |
| CN105328115A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-02-17 | 戴伟平 | Reclaiming method for cast waste sand hot plasmas |
| CN105328115B (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-09-01 | 戴伟平 | The renovation process of cast waste sand hot plasma |
| CN107604170A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-01-19 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | A kind of method of separation and concentration noble metal in potassium cloride slag from low nickel matte |
| CN111101001A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-05 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | One-step nickel smelting system and one-step nickel smelting method |
| CN111101001B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2023-06-16 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | One-step nickel smelting system and one-step nickel smelting method |
| CN114485147A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-13 | 河南和成无机新材料股份有限公司 | Quick ignition temperature-raising method for electric arc furnace |
| CN114485147B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2024-04-30 | 河南和成无机新材料股份有限公司 | Fast ignition heating method for electric arc furnace |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1067113C (en) | 2001-06-13 |
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