CN212316208U - Smelting system of low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore - Google Patents
Smelting system of low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN212316208U CN212316208U CN202020516919.7U CN202020516919U CN212316208U CN 212316208 U CN212316208 U CN 212316208U CN 202020516919 U CN202020516919 U CN 202020516919U CN 212316208 U CN212316208 U CN 212316208U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a smelting system of low-grade lead zinc oxide ore. This smelting system includes: the system comprises a pre-oxidation reaction device and a vacuum reduction volatilization unit, wherein the pre-oxidation reaction device is provided with a first feeding port and a slag discharge port, the first feeding port is used for adding low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore into the pre-oxidation reaction device, and simultaneously introducing air or oxygen-enriched air; the vacuum reduction volatilization unit is provided with a second feed inlet, a reducing agent inlet and a flue gas outlet containing zinc oxide and lead oxide, wherein the second feed inlet is communicated with the slag discharge port through a slag discharge pipeline. The smelting system not only can be suitable for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ores, but also is beneficial to improving the extraction efficiency of lead elements and zinc elements compared with a single smelting device.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a mineral metallurgy field particularly, relates to a smelting system of low-grade lead zinc oxide ore.
Background
The lead and zinc content in the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore is generally less than 20%, and the calcium and iron content is high. The zinc element mainly comprises phases such as zinc silicate, zinc carbonate, zinc sulfide and the like, the lead element mainly comprises phases such as lead carbonate and lead sulfide, gangue minerals mainly comprise calcite, dolomite, quartz, iron oxide and the like, and the extraction of metal zinc and metal lead by using low-cost lead-zinc oxide ore becomes a focus of attention of researchers in various countries.
The flotation method or the hydrometallurgy method is mostly adopted to separate and enrich lead and zinc elements in the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore at home and abroad, and the research on the pyrometallurgical process is less.
The prior document (CN106766870A) provides a high-efficiency metallurgy rotary kiln for treating lead-zinc oxide ores. The heat exchanger is additionally arranged outside the reduction zone of the rotary kiln device, and air blown into the device is heated to about 500 ℃, so that the temperature of the reduction zone is guaranteed to reach 1200-1300 ℃, and the normal reaction is guaranteed. When the method is adopted to treat the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore, the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore can generate CaS & PbS which is difficult to volatilize and Ca with low melting point in the reduction process2Fe2O5While the formation of CaS. PbS hinders the volatilization of Pb element, Ca2Fe2O5Is formed to be easy to rotateThe ring formation of the kiln increases the labor intensity of workers for cleaning the kiln cylinder. Therefore, the process is only suitable for treating the lead-zinc oxide ore with high oxidation rate, and is not suitable for treating the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore containing S.
Another document (CN108977661A) provides a smelting system for zinc element in low-grade lead-zinc ore. The smelting system comprises a vacuum reduction smelting unit and a white lead ore supply device. The vacuum reduction smelting unit is provided with a feed inlet and a zinc vapor outlet, and the feed inlet is used for adding white lead ore, reducing fuel and low-grade lead-zinc ore; the white lead ore supply device is provided with a white lead ore supply port which is communicated with the feed inlet. The zinc element in the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore is enriched and separated in the form of a simple substance of zinc by adopting the smelting system, the reduction volatilization rate of the zinc element in the raw materials can reach about 99 percent, and meanwhile, lead-containing furnace slag is obtained. The process route of this patent is mainly through white lead ore (PbCO)3) The zinc oxide reacts with ZnS in low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore to generate ZnO and PbS, wherein ZnO is reduced into zinc vapor in the vacuum reduction process, and PbS is combined with CaS in the reducing atmosphere to generate CaS & PbS which is not easy to volatilize. The process route aims to supplement Zn element by zinc vapor, supplement Pb element by furnace slag, and separately recover Zn and Pb element, so that the method has the problems of long process flow and the like.
In view of the above problems, it is necessary to provide a smelting method suitable for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ores, which has a short process flow and a high recovery rate.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses a main aim at provides a smelting system of low-grade lead zinc oxide ore to solve current smelting method and be not applicable to low-grade lead zinc oxide ore, and have the problem that the process flow is long and lead element rate of recovery is low.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a smelting system of low-grade lead zinc oxide ore, this smelting system includes: the system comprises a pre-oxidation reaction device and a vacuum reduction volatilization unit, wherein the pre-oxidation reaction device is provided with a first feeding port and a slag discharge port, the first feeding port is used for adding low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore into the pre-oxidation reaction device, and simultaneously introducing air or oxygen-enriched air; the vacuum reduction volatilization unit is provided with a second feed inlet, a reducing agent inlet and a flue gas outlet containing zinc oxide and lead oxide, wherein the second feed inlet is communicated with the slag discharge port through a slag discharge pipeline.
Further, the vacuum reduction volatilization unit comprises: a reduction volatilization device and a vacuum-pumping device. The reduction volatilization device is provided with a second charging hole, a reducing agent inlet and a flue gas outlet containing zinc oxide and lead oxide; the vacuumizing device is provided with an air pumping hole, and the air pumping hole is communicated with a flue gas outlet containing zinc oxide and lead oxide through an air pumping pipeline and is used for controlling the vacuum degree of the reduction volatilization device.
Further, the vacuum reduction volatilization unit also comprises: the first dust collecting device is arranged on the air exhaust pipeline and used for collecting flue gas containing zinc oxide and lead oxide.
Further, the smelting system also comprises a temperature control device, and the temperature control device is used for controlling the temperature rise rate of the pre-oxidation reaction device.
Further, the pre-oxidation reaction device is further provided with a sulfur-containing flue gas outlet, the smelting system further comprises a tail gas desulfurization device, the tail gas desulfurization device is provided with a sulfur-containing flue gas inlet, and the sulfur-containing flue gas inlet is communicated with the sulfur-containing flue gas outlet through a sulfur-containing flue gas conveying pipeline.
Further, the smelting system also comprises a second dust collecting device, and the second dust collecting device is arranged on the sulfur-containing flue gas conveying pipeline.
Further, the smelting system further comprises a quartz sand supply device, the quartz sand supply device is provided with a quartz sand supply port, and the quartz sand supply port is communicated with the first feeding port.
Further, the pre-oxidation reaction device is selected from a rotary kiln, a tunnel kiln, a pushed slab kiln or a roller kiln.
Furthermore, the smelting system also comprises a sulfur element detection device, and the sulfur element detection device is arranged on the slag discharge pipeline.
Further, the smelting system also comprises a reducing agent supply device, wherein the reducing agent supply device is provided with a reducing agent supply port, and the reducing agent supply port is communicated with the reducing agent inlet.
Use the technical scheme of the utility model, in the pre-oxidation reaction unit, low-grade lead zinc oxide ore reacts with oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, can effectively get rid of the sulphur element in the low-grade lead zinc oxide ore, obtains the lower pre-oxidation product of sulphur content to improve the vacuum reduction volatilization efficiency of plumbous in the follow-up lead zinc oxide ore. In the vacuum reduction volatilization device, the pre-oxidation product and the reducing agent are subjected to reduction smelting under the vacuum condition, so that the partial pressure of gas in a product system can be greatly reduced, and the effects of reducing the reaction temperature and saving energy can be achieved. On the basis, the smelting system not only can be suitable for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ores, but also is favorable for improving the extraction efficiency of lead elements and zinc elements compared with a single smelting device.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a smelting system for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore provided according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a smelting system for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore provided according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a pre-oxidation reaction device; 101. a first feed inlet; 20. a vacuum reduction volatilization unit; 21. a reduction volatilization device; 22. A vacuum pumping device; 23. a first dust collecting device; 30. a temperature control device; 40. a tail gas desulfurization unit; 50. a second dust collecting device; 60. a quartz sand supply device; 70. a sulfur element detection device; 80. a reductant supply device.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
As described in the background art, the existing smelting method is not suitable for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ores, and has the problems of long process flow and low lead element recovery rate. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides a smelting system for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore, as shown in fig. 1, the smelting system includes: the device comprises a pre-oxidation reaction device 10 and a vacuum reduction volatilization unit 20, wherein the pre-oxidation reaction device 10 is provided with a first feeding hole 101 and a slag discharge hole, and the first feeding hole 101 is used for feeding low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore into the pre-oxidation reaction device 10 and simultaneously introducing air or oxygen-enriched air; the vacuum reduction volatilization unit 20 is provided with a second feed inlet, a reducing agent inlet and a flue gas outlet containing zinc oxide and lead oxide, wherein the second feed inlet is communicated with a slag discharge port through a slag discharge pipeline.
The smelting system provided by the application is mainly suitable for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ores, the lead and zinc content in raw ores is not high, but the calcium and iron content is high, the existing form of lead and zinc is complex, and the lead and zinc mostly exists in the forms of sulfide, carbonate and silicate.
In the pre-oxidation reaction device 10, the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore reacts with oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, so that sulfur elements in the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore can be effectively removed, a pre-oxidation product with low sulfur content is obtained, and the vacuum reduction volatilization efficiency of lead in the subsequent lead-zinc oxide ore is improved. In the vacuum reduction volatilization device 21, the pre-oxidation product and the reducing agent are subjected to reduction smelting under the vacuum condition, so that the partial pressure of gas in a product system can be greatly reduced, and the effects of reducing the reaction temperature and saving energy can be achieved. On the basis, the smelting system not only can be suitable for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ores, but also is favorable for improving the extraction efficiency of lead elements and zinc elements compared with a single smelting device.
The vacuum reduction volatilization unit 20 can adopt a structure commonly used in the art. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the vacuum reduction volatilization unit 20 comprises: the device comprises a reduction volatilization device 21 and a vacuumizing device 22, wherein the reduction volatilization device 21 is provided with a second charging hole, a reducing agent inlet and a flue gas outlet containing zinc oxide and lead oxide; the vacuum pumping device 22 is provided with an air pumping port, and the air pumping port is communicated with a flue gas outlet containing zinc oxide and lead oxide through an air pumping pipeline and is used for controlling the vacuum degree of the reduction volatilization device 21.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the vacuum reduction volatilization unit 20 further comprises: and the first dust collecting device 23 is arranged on the air suction pipeline and is used for collecting flue gas containing zinc oxide and lead oxide. In the reduction volatilization device 21, lead oxide and zinc oxide exist in the form of smoke, and a first dust collection device 23 is arranged to collect the smoke and the zinc oxide, so that the smoke and the zinc oxide can be conveniently used later.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the smelting system further includes a temperature control device 30, and the temperature control device 30 is used for controlling the temperature rising rate of the pre-oxidation reaction device 10. The temperature control device 30 can better control the temperature in the pre-oxidation reaction device 10, thereby being beneficial to improving the desulfurization efficiency of the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore.
In order to improve the environmental protection performance of the smelting system, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the pre-oxidation reaction device 10 is further provided with a sulfur-containing flue gas outlet, the smelting system further includes a tail gas desulfurization device 40, the tail gas desulfurization device 40 is provided with a sulfur-containing flue gas inlet, and the sulfur-containing flue gas inlet is communicated with the sulfur-containing flue gas outlet through a sulfur-containing flue gas conveying pipeline.
In order to improve the environmental protection of the smelting system, as shown in fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment, the smelting system further comprises a second dust collecting device 50, and the second dust collecting device 50 is arranged on the sulfur-containing flue gas conveying pipeline.
The content of Ca and Fe elements in the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore is high, and Ca can be formed in the pre-oxidation treatment process2Fe2O5(ii) a Due to Ca2Fe2O5The low melting point can cause the ring formation of the material in the pre-oxidation treatment process. Operators need to shut down the equipment regularly and clean the scale, which greatly increases the labor intensity and prolongs the smelting period. In a preferred embodiment, the smelting system further comprises a quartz sand supply device 60, and the quartz sand supply device 60A quartz sand supply port is provided, and the quartz sand supply port is communicated with the first feed port 101. A quartz sand supply device 60 is arranged and communicated with the first feed inlet 101, quartz sand is added into the pre-oxidation reaction device 10, CaO in the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore can be mixed with SiO in the quartz sand2Binding to form Ca with high melting point2SiO4The method solves the ring formation problem of the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore in the pre-oxidation treatment process of the rotary kiln, thereby reducing the labor intensity of cleaning the kiln in industrial production and shortening the smelting period.
The pre-reaction device may be any reaction device capable of performing desulfurization reaction in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the pre-oxidation reaction apparatus 10 includes, but is not limited to, a rotary kiln, a tunnel kiln, a pusher kiln, or a roller kiln. Compared with other reaction devices, the devices have higher desulfurization efficiency and lower cost.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the smelting system further comprises a sulfur element detection device 70, and the sulfur element detection device 70 is arranged on the slag discharge pipeline. The sulfur content in the product system of the pre-oxidation reaction can be greatly controlled by arranging the sulfur element detection device 70, thereby being beneficial to improving the volatilization rate of the subsequent lead element.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the smelting system further includes a reducing agent supply device 80, and the reducing agent supply device 80 is provided with a reducing agent supply port, and the reducing agent supply port is communicated with the reducing agent inlet. The reducing agent supply device 80 is directly communicated with the reducing agent inlet, so that the reaction probability of the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent in the environment is reduced, the consumption of the reducing agent can be controlled more accurately, the process cost is reduced, and the yield of lead and zinc is improved.
In another aspect of the present application, a method for smelting low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore is also provided, and the smelting method includes: carrying out pre-oxidation reaction on low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore and air or oxygen-enriched air to obtain a pre-oxidation product and sulfur-containing flue gas; and carrying out reduction, volatilization and smelting on the pre-oxidized product and a reducing agent under vacuum to obtain flue gas containing zinc oxide and lead oxide.
In the pre-oxidation reaction process, the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore reacts with oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, so that sulfur elements in the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore can be effectively removed, a pre-oxidation product with low sulfur content is obtained, and the vacuum reduction volatilization efficiency of lead in the subsequent lead-zinc oxide ore is improved. In the vacuum reduction and volatilization step, the pre-oxidation product and the reducing agent are subjected to reduction smelting under the vacuum condition, so that the partial pressure of gas in a product system can be greatly reduced, and the effects of reducing the reaction temperature and saving energy can be achieved. On the basis, the smelting method is not only suitable for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ores, but also is beneficial to improving the extraction efficiency of lead elements and zinc elements compared with a single smelting device.
The content of Ca and Fe elements in the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore is high, and Ca can be formed in the pre-oxidation treatment process2Fe2O5(ii) a Due to Ca2Fe2O5The low melting point can cause the ring formation of the material in the pre-oxidation treatment process. Operators need to shut down the equipment regularly and clean the scale, which greatly increases the labor intensity and prolongs the smelting period. In a preferred embodiment, the smelting method further comprises: in the pre-oxidation reaction, quartz sand is added. After the auxiliary material quartz sand is added, CaO in the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore can be mixed with SiO in the quartz sand2Binding to form Ca with high melting point2SiO4The method solves the ring formation problem of the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore in the pre-oxidation treatment process of the rotary kiln, thereby reducing the labor intensity of cleaning the kiln in industrial production and shortening the smelting period.
To further reduce Ca2Fe2O5The probability of generation is reduced, the risk of ring formation is reduced, and preferably, the weight ratio of the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore to the quartz sand is 100 (3-10).
In the pre-oxidation reaction, the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched air is only higher than 21%. In order to further improve the desulfurization efficiency of the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore, in a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the oxygen-enriched air is more than 35%.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the pre-oxidation reaction is 1000 to 1300 ℃. The limitation of the content of the sulfur-containing compounds to the above range is advantageous for further improving the desulfurization efficiency of low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore, as compared with other ranges.
In a preferred embodiment, the pressure of the reduction volatilization smelting is 200 Pa-60 KPa, the reaction temperature is 900-1200 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-4 h. Limiting the pressure, reaction temperature and reaction time of the reduction volatilization smelting within the above ranges is beneficial to further improving the extraction rate of the lead element and the zinc element.
In a preferred embodiment, the pre-oxidation reaction process is a temperature-programmed process. The temperature in the pre-oxidation reaction device 10 can be better controlled by adopting a temperature programming process in the pre-oxidation reaction process, so that the desulfurization efficiency of the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore can be improved. More preferably, the temperature programming process comprises: and (4) heating the reaction system to a target temperature, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-4 h.
In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the pre-oxidation product to the reducing agent is 100 (10-30). The weight ratio of the pre-oxidation product to the reducing agent includes, but is not limited to, the above range, and is limited to the above range, which is advantageous for further improving the extraction rate of the lead element and the zinc element.
In the reduction volatilization smelting process, the reducing agent can be selected from the types commonly used in the field. Preferably, the reducing agent includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the group consisting of activated carbon, graphite, petroleum coke, coal, and carbon black.
The pre-reaction device may be any reaction device capable of performing desulfurization reaction in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the pre-oxidation reaction is carried out using a reaction apparatus selected from a rotary kiln, a tunnel kiln, a pusher kiln or a roller kiln. Compared with other reaction devices, the devices have higher desulfurization efficiency and lower cost.
In a preferred embodiment, the smelting method further comprises: carrying out desulfurization treatment on sulfur-containing flue gas; and carrying out dust collection treatment on the smoke containing zinc oxide smoke dust and lead oxide. The desulfurization of the sulfur-containing flue gas is beneficial to improving the environmental protection of the smelting method.
In a preferred embodiment, the smelting process further includes, between the pre-oxidation reaction process and the reduction volatilization smelting process: and detecting the content of sulfur element in a product system of the pre-oxidation product, and when the content of the sulfur element is lower than a preset value, carrying out reduction volatilization smelting on the pre-oxidation product to obtain flue gas containing zinc oxide and lead oxide. The sulfur content in the product system of the pre-oxidation reaction can be greatly controlled by detecting the sulfur element in the pre-oxidation reaction product, so that the volatilization rate of the subsequent lead element can be improved.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
The components of the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore are shown in table 1, and in example 1, the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore was smelted by using the apparatus shown in fig. 2.
TABLE 1
| Element(s) | S | Pb | Zn | Fe | Ge | Si |
| Content/% | 7.6 | 6.6 | 12.5 | 15.51 | 0.0071 | 3.78 |
| Element(s) | K | Ca | Na | Mg | Al | C |
| Content/% | 0.43 | 12.88 | 0.15 | 4.89 | 0.32 | 7.87 |
Example 1
Pre-oxidation reaction: mixing raw ore and quartz sand uniformly according to the weight ratio of 100:5, and adding the mixture into a pre-oxidation reaction device 10 (rotary kiln). Oxygen-enriched air (O) is introduced into the pre-oxidation reaction device 10 (rotary kiln)2The concentration is 35%), pre-oxidation reaction is carried out, the temperature of the pre-oxidation reaction device 10 (rotary kiln) is raised to 1200 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the temperature is naturally cooled to room temperature, so that kiln slag (pre-oxidation products) and sulfur-containing flue gas are obtained. After the pre-oxidation treatment, the sulfur content in the kiln slag is reduced to 1.23 percent from the previous 7.6 percent. And (3) treating the sulfur-containing flue gas by a second dust collecting device 50 and a tail gas desulfurization device 40 in sequence, and emptying the flue gas after the flue gas reaches the standard.
Reduction and volatilization reaction: mixing the kiln slag and the coal powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 20, and adding the mixture into a reduction volatilization device 21 (a vacuum furnace). And (3) adopting a vacuumizing device 22 (vacuum pump) to ensure that the pressure in the reduction volatilization device 21 (vacuum furnace) is 60KPa, raising the temperature of the reduction volatilization device 21 (vacuum furnace) to 1200 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 2 h. After the reduction and volatilization treatment by the reduction and volatilization device 21 (vacuum furnace), the smoke containing lead and zinc can be collected in the first dust collecting device 23. The Zn content in the smoke dust is 48 wt%, the lead content is 23 wt%, and the extraction rates of the lead and the zinc in the raw ore are 95.4% and 97.4% in sequence.
Example 2
Pre-oxidation reaction: mixing raw ore and quartz sand uniformly according to the weight ratio of 100:7, and adding the mixture into a pre-oxidation reaction device 10 (rotary kiln). Oxygen-enriched air (O) is introduced into the pre-oxidation reaction device 10 (rotary kiln)2Concentration of 45 percent), heating the pre-oxidation reaction device 10 (rotary kiln) to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain kiln slag (pre-oxidation product) and sulfur-containing flue gas. After the pre-oxidation treatment, the sulfur content in the kiln slag is reduced to 0.98 percent from the previous 7.6 percent. And (3) treating the sulfur-containing flue gas by a second dust collecting device 50 and a tail gas desulfurization device 40 in sequence, and emptying the flue gas after the flue gas reaches the standard.
Reduction and volatilization reaction: mixing the kiln slag and the coal powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 25, and adding the mixture into a reduction volatilization device 21 (a vacuum furnace). And (3) adopting a vacuumizing device 22 (vacuum pump) to ensure that the pressure in the reduction volatilization device 21 (vacuum furnace) is 10KPa, heating the reduction volatilization device 21 (vacuum furnace) to 1100 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1 h. After the reduction and volatilization treatment by the reduction and volatilization device 21 (vacuum furnace), the smoke containing lead and zinc can be collected in the first dust collecting device 23. The Zn content in the smoke dust is 52.43 wt%, the lead content is 25.56 wt%, and the extraction rates of lead and zinc in the raw ore are 97.88% and 98.76% in sequence.
Example 3
Pre-oxidation reaction: mixing raw ore and quartz sand uniformly according to the weight ratio of 100:7, and adding the mixture into a pre-oxidation reaction device 10 (rotary kiln). And (3) introducing air into the pre-oxidation reaction device 10 (rotary kiln), heating the pre-oxidation reaction device 10 (rotary kiln) to 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain kiln slag (pre-oxidation product) and sulfur-containing flue gas. After the pre-oxidation treatment, the sulfur content in the kiln slag is reduced to 1.98 percent from the previous 7.6 percent. And (3) treating the sulfur-containing flue gas by a second dust collecting device 50 and a tail gas desulfurization device 40 in sequence, and emptying the flue gas after the flue gas reaches the standard.
Reduction and volatilization reaction: mixing the kiln slag and the coal powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 10, and adding the mixture into a reduction volatilization device 21 (a vacuum furnace). And (3) adopting a vacuumizing device 22 (vacuum pump) to ensure that the pressure in the reduction volatilization device 21 (vacuum furnace) is 60KPa, heating the reduction volatilization device 21 (vacuum furnace) to 1100 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1 h. After the reduction and volatilization treatment by the reduction and volatilization device 21 (vacuum furnace), the smoke containing lead and zinc can be collected in the first dust collecting device 23. The Zn content in the smoke dust is 47.74 wt%, the lead content is 22.45 wt%, and the extraction rates of lead and zinc in the raw ore are 93.44% and 95.98% in sequence.
Example 4
The differences from example 3 are: the pre-oxidation reaction is carried out in a tunnel kiln.
After the pre-oxidation reaction, the sulfur content in the kiln slag is reduced to 1.11 percent from the previous 7.6 percent.
After the material after the pre-oxidation treatment is subjected to reduction volatilization smelting, the Zn content in the smoke dust is 46.65 wt%, the Pb content is 23.47 wt%, and the extraction rates of Pb and Zn in the raw ore are 93.33% and 94.46% in sequence.
Example 5
The differences from example 3 are: the pre-oxidation reaction is carried out in a pushed slab kiln.
After the pre-oxidation reaction, the sulfur content in the kiln slag is reduced to 1.59 percent from the previous 7.6 percent.
After the reduction and volatilization smelting, the Zn content in the smoke dust is 43.45 wt%, the lead content is 22.28 wt%, and the extraction rates of lead and zinc in the raw ore are 92.22% and 93.32% in sequence.
Example 6
The differences from example 3 are: the pre-oxidation reaction is carried out in a roller kiln.
After the pre-oxidation reaction, the sulfur content in the kiln slag is reduced to 1.44 percent from the previous 7.6 percent.
After the reduction and volatilization smelting, the Zn content in the smoke dust is 43.56 wt%, the lead content is 23.22 wt%, and the extraction rates of lead and zinc in the raw ore are 93.13% and 93.47% in sequence.
Comparative example 1
The composition of the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore is shown in table 1. Mixing raw ore and coal powder according to the weight ratio of 100: 20, mixing uniformly, and adding into a rotary kiln. Introducing nitrogen into the rotary kiln as protective atmosphere, heating the rotary kiln to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Through the direct reduction and volatilization treatment of the rotary kiln, the extraction rate of lead in the smoke dust is only 54 percent, the yield of zinc is only 90 percent, and the ring formation phenomenon of the rotary kiln is serious.
Comparative example 2
The differences from example 3 are: the reduction volatilization smelting process is normal-pressure smelting.
After the reduction and volatilization smelting, the Zn content in the smoke dust is 43.44 wt%, the lead content is 17.45 wt%, and the extraction rates of lead and zinc in the raw ore are 85.67% and 87.77% in sequence.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
comparing examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2, it can be seen that the smelting system is very suitable for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ores, and the smelting system provided by the application is beneficial to improving the extraction rate of lead elements.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The smelting system of the low-grade lead zinc oxide ore is characterized by comprising the following components:
the system comprises a pre-oxidation reaction device (10), wherein the pre-oxidation reaction device (10) is provided with a first feeding hole (101) and a slag discharge hole, and the first feeding hole (101) is used for feeding the low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore into the pre-oxidation reaction device (10) and simultaneously introducing air or oxygen-enriched air;
the vacuum reduction volatilization unit (20), the vacuum reduction volatilization unit (20) is provided with a second feed inlet, a reducing agent inlet and a flue gas outlet containing zinc oxide and lead oxide, wherein the second feed inlet is communicated with the slag discharge port through a slag discharge pipeline.
2. The system for smelting low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum reduction volatilization unit (20) comprises:
the reduction volatilization device (21) is provided with the second charging hole, the reducing agent inlet and the flue gas outlet containing zinc oxide and lead oxide;
the vacuum pumping device (22) is provided with an air pumping port, and the air pumping port is communicated with the flue gas outlet containing zinc oxide and lead oxide through an air pumping pipeline and is used for controlling the vacuum degree of the reduction volatilization device (21).
3. The system for smelting low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 2, wherein the vacuum reduction volatilization unit (20) further comprises: and the first dust collecting device (23) is arranged on the air suction pipeline and is used for collecting flue gas containing zinc oxide and lead oxide.
4. The smelting system of low-grade lead zinc oxide ore according to claim 2, further comprising a temperature control device (30), wherein the temperature control device (30) is used for controlling the temperature rise rate of the pre-oxidation reaction device (10).
5. The smelting system of low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 4, wherein the pre-oxidation reaction device (10) is further provided with a sulfur-containing flue gas outlet, the smelting system of low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore further comprises a tail gas desulfurization device (40), the tail gas desulfurization device (40) is provided with a sulfur-containing flue gas inlet, and the sulfur-containing flue gas inlet is communicated with the sulfur-containing flue gas outlet through a sulfur-containing flue gas conveying pipeline.
6. The smelting system of low-grade lead zinc oxide ore according to claim 5, further comprising a second dust collecting device (50), wherein the second dust collecting device (50) is arranged on the sulfur-containing flue gas conveying pipeline.
7. The smelting system of low-grade lead zinc oxide ore according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a quartz sand supply device (60), wherein the quartz sand supply device (60) is provided with a quartz sand supply port, and the quartz sand supply port is communicated with the first charging port (101).
8. The smelting system of low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore according to claim 1, wherein the pre-oxidation reaction device (10) is selected from a rotary kiln, a tunnel kiln, a pushed slab kiln or a roller kiln.
9. The smelting system of low-grade lead zinc oxide ore according to claim 7, further comprising a sulfur element detection device (70), wherein the sulfur element detection device (70) is disposed on the slag discharge pipeline.
10. The smelting system of low-grade lead zinc oxide ore according to claim 9, further comprising a reducing agent supply device (80), wherein the reducing agent supply device (80) is provided with a reducing agent supply port, and the reducing agent supply port is communicated with the reducing agent inlet.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111270085A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-06-12 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Smelting system and smelting method for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore |
| CN115807165A (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2023-03-17 | 中南大学 | Oxidation desulfurization method and device for lead-zinc sulfide ore |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111270085A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-06-12 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Smelting system and smelting method for low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore |
| CN115807165A (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2023-03-17 | 中南大学 | Oxidation desulfurization method and device for lead-zinc sulfide ore |
| CN115807165B (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2023-05-26 | 中南大学 | Oxidative desulfurization method and device for lead-zinc sulfide ore |
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