CN101082078A - One-furnace-two-section boiling baking process - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention is two-section fluidizing and roasting process for intractable gold bearing ore. The two-section fluidizing and roasting process includes the following steps: preparing material, roasting of the material one sealed spiral feeder provides to the roasting furnace in the first section, and roasting of the material passing through the passage in the bottom of the partition wall in the second section. During roasting in the second section, the air supply amount is controlled properly so that the sulfide and carbide in the ore may be oxidized completely. The present invention has the advantages of capacity of avoiding the secondary loss of dissolved gold, raised gold leaching rate, raised comprehensive recovery rate, environment friendship, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fluidized-bed roasting process of refractory gold ore, a particularly a kind of one-furnace-two-section boiling baking process.
Background technology
As everyone knows, the feature one of refractory gold ore is to contain sulfide, the 2nd, and gold is in the microfine package status, and the 3rd, contain the carbonaceous thing; The refractory gold ore fluidized-bed roasting process successfully has been applied to industrial production abroad, is mainly oxygen-enriched air roasting, and oxygen content is generally 50%～100%.The advantage of oxygen-enriched air roasting is just can realize that ore burns rapidly under lower temperature, like this, the unit capacity of equipment is big, be 3～5 times of general common equipment, sulfide in the ore, carbonaceous thing oxidizing fire are complete, and the rate of recovery of gold is higher, in addition, adopt the purity oxygen roasting, the exhaust gas volumn that produces after the roasting is little, is 1/3～1/5 of conventional sinter process, is easy to purifying treatment, be applied in the relieving haperacidity industry, can obtain the SO of high density
3Gas, these all are that external refractory gold ore characteristics determine;
China contains arsenic, contains the then not exclusively suitable oxygen-enriched air roasting that adopts of charcoal card crop type refractory gold ore, this is determined by this part refractory gold ore gold mineral occurrence status, rapidly, violent burning can cause the secondary of gold mineral to wrap up, make gold more be difficult to leach, oxygen-enriched air roasting under cold condition particularly, the rate of recovery of gold is lower, is unfavorable for industrialized developing, utilization, is badly in need of being improved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide an a kind of one-furnace-two-section boiling baking process, not only solved the problem of oxidation of sulfide, charcoal material, solved secondary simultaneously and wrap up golden problem; Utilize the natural decomposition of carbonate minerals to realize self-cleaning curing to oxide compounds such as arsenic, sulphur having solved the problems such as environmental pollution in the sinter process effectively in the roasting process.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: with Gold Ore as a kind of fluidized bed roasting fluidized bed fuel source, utilizing air is first section anoxic roasting carrying out under total oxygen demand 50%～80%, 600 ℃～750 ℃ conditions of temperature at oxygen-supplying amount, mainly solves the slow oxidation problem of type mineral such as arsenic; And then ore is carried out second section oxidizing roasting, in second section oxidizing roasting process oxygen-supplying amount should be superfluous 20%～40%, 600 ℃～750 ℃ of maturing temperatures, oxidation is complete basically to guarantee sulfide, carbonaceous thing etc. in the ore; Simultaneously, the present invention also includes when carrying out first section, second section roasting, utilize the decomposition of carbonate minerals in the ore, control pH value 7.5～10, make ore show alkalescence, guarantee that realization generates stable, nontoxic solid chemical compound Tricalcium arsenate, calcium sulfate to the curing reaction of oxide compounds such as arsenic, sulphur in fluidized bed roasting, solved poisonous in the sinter process, obnoxious flavour problem of environment pollution caused effectively, made a stove two-stage roasting technology become environmental protection technology;
The present invention has realized two sections continuous roastings that operating condition is different; First section under anoxia condition slow oxidation and the complete oxidation under the superfluous condition of second section oxygen; The present invention is ground to the best mineral granularity of dissociating with refractory gold ore by dry milling technology, because ore combustion heating amount is little, can not realize self-heating, so need external heat source, fire coal is the external heat source of comparatively economical rationality, so, fire coal is carried out dry milling with ore, solve the maturing temperature homogeneity question effectively; In addition, the air with fluidized bed roasting uses utilizes the baking flue gas waste heat to heat, and can save equally and satisfy the energy that the burning needs add;
Like this, ready breeze is fed in the fluidizing reactor by automatic gauge and control, require to carry out two sections continuous fluidized bed roastings according to ore character;
Concrete calcination steps is:
Step 1 is that the roasting material is prepared:
Different Gold Ores, because the size composition and the occurrence status difference of gold, it is also inequality that grinding particle size is formed, generally between-0.15mm60%～0.074mm90%; Ore after the dry grinding is moisture less than 2%; Coal-fired according to ore thermal value difference, maturing temperature difference, the ratio of interpolation is also different, generally is controlled at 1%～5%;
The material that feeds in the stoving oven by sealed screw feeder at first carries out first section roasting; In order to satisfy the anoxic roasting condition of arsenic-containing ores, controlling first section fluosolids roasting bed remaining oxygen is zero, and according to the requirement of ore character, oxygen-supplying amount generally is controlled at 50～80% of total oxygen demand; Maturing temperature is added system and is carried out automatization control by finely tuning fire coal, and temperature range generally is controlled at 600 ℃～750 ℃; First section roasting time is generally 30min～60min, controls by regulating the fluidized bed layer height; By finish first section roasting with adjusted and control;
The material of finishing first section roasting enters second roasting chamber of stoving oven by the flow channels that is located at stoving oven mid-board bottom, carries out second section roasting; Based on the control wind supply quantity, the oxygen-supplying amount coefficient of excess is generally 20%～40% in second section roasting; 600 ℃～750 ℃ of maturing temperatures; Roasting time 30min～60min guarantees that sulfide in the ore, carbonaceous thing oxidizing fire are complete, finishes second section roasting;
The flue gas that two-stage roasting produces combines by flue at the expanding reach of burner hearth and discharges; Conditions such as strict control fluidization of material speed, maturing temperature, oxygen-supplying amount in roasting process, guarantee when carrying out first section, second section roasting, realize effective decomposition of carbonate minerals in the ore, make ore show alkalescence, pH value 7.5～10, like this, detrimental impurity such as the arsenic after the oxidation, sulphur will be able to abundant curing, reasonably solve the problem of environmental pollution of arsenic, sulphur in the sinter process.
The invention has the advantages that: solved the carbonaceous thing and robbed the gold problem, avoided the secondary of molten gold to run off; Mineral such as the arsenic in the oxidized ore, sulphur have been opened the microfine of mineral pair gold such as arsenic, sulphur and have been wrapped up, and have improved golden leaching yield; The raw ore fluidized bed roasting directly carries out cyaniding with gangue and leaches after shrend bursts, can not float the gold loss that causes because of gold and gangue adhesion when having avoided flotation, has improved the comprehensive recovery of raw ore fluidized bed roasting gold extraction technology; Can be in same stoving oven, according to the requirement of ore character, carry out the different two-stage roasting of operating condition, solved in the roasting process material effectively to the different requirements of roasting condition, avoided simultaneously that secondary wraps up golden problem in short circuit and the roasting process, made the optimum recovery effect of gold obtain guarantee; Under suitable operating condition, utilize the natural decomposition of contained carbonate minerals in the ore to realize " self-cleaning curing " to arsenic, sulphur, make arsenic, sulphur that curing reaction take place in stoving oven, generate stable solid chemical compound, solved the pollution of arsenic, sulphur environment.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a stove two-stage roasting equipment synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Certain refractory gold ore, the ore multielement analysis the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 ore multielement analysis
| Element term | Au(g/t) | Ag(g/t) | Cu | Pb | Zn |
| Content (%) | 5.05 | 0.84 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Element term | Fe | S | AS | C | Hg(g/t) |
| Content (%) | 3.65 | 2.74 | 0.54 | 7.95 | 5.80 |
| Element term | Sb | CaO | MgO | Al 2O 3 | SiO 2 |
| Content (%) | 0.10 | 22.33 | 1.62 | 4.71 | 26.04 |
According to ore process mineralogy research needs, main harmful element in the ore has been carried out material phase analysis, the sulphur material phase analysis the results are shown in Table 2; The arsenic material phase analysis the results are shown in Table 3; The carbon material phase analysis the results are shown in Table 4.
Table 2 sulphur material phase analysis
| Mineral name | S/ vitriol | S sulfide | The S/ virgin sulfur | S |
| Content (%) | 0.11 | 2.59 | 0.04 | 2.74 |
| Relative content (%) | 4.01 | 94.53 | 1.46 | 100.00 |
Table 3 arsenic material phase analysis
| Mineral name | The As/ oxide compound | As/ sulfide | As |
| Content (%) | 0.04 | 0.50 | 0.54 |
| Relative content (%) | 7.41 | 92.59 | 100.00 |
Table 4 carbon material phase analysis
| Mineral name | C/ carbonate | The organic charcoal of C/ | C/ graphite charcoal | C |
| Content (%) | 6.62 | 0.36 | 0.97 | 7.95 |
| Relative content (%) | 83.27 | 4.53 | 12.20 | 100.00 |
The molten golden analytical results of analysis of simple ore thing and selectivity proves that gold and sulfide relation is very close, and sulfide contains gold for 51.14g/t, and sulfide contained gold and accounts for 83.1% of gold content during the molten gold of selectivity was analyzed; Be difficult under this part golden conventional mirror differentiate, great majority are time micro-gold, the results are shown in Table 5; Because the gold mineral particle is extremely fine in the ore, to the occurrence status of gold in this ore, be merely able to adopt molten golden test method of selectivity and simple ore thing to contain gold analysis and combine and measure, analytical results sees Table 6.
Table 5 gold mineral granulometry analytical results
| Particle size interval (mm) | ＞0.01 | 0.01-0.005 | ＜0.005 | Add up to |
| Relative content (%) | Little | 4.2 | (95.8 wherein the overwhelming majority is a time micro-gold) | 100.0 |
Table 6 raw ore-0.074mm accounts for 90% gold medal occurrence status
| Occurrence status | Monomer free and exposure adhesion can be soaked gold | The carbonate minerals parcel can not soak gold | Pyrite, mispickel parcel can not soak gold | Quartzy, clay mineral parcel can not soak gold | Add up to |
| Relative content (%) | 4.55 | 4.10 | 82.70 | 8.65 | 100.00 |
According to these refractory gold ore process mineralogy characteristics, carried out the comparatively roasting condition test of system, it is as follows specifically to test summarized results:
Embodiment 1:
Above-mentioned refractory gold ore is milled to-0.074mm content accounts for 90%, carries out different atmosphere, the test of different maturing temperature in the single hop stoving oven, roasting time 45min;
Calcination atmosphere is respectively: air (containing oxygen 21%);
Oxygen enrichment (containing oxygen 75%);
Oxygen deprivation (containing oxygen 10%);
Differing temps: 550 ℃; 600 ℃; 650 ℃; 700 ℃;
Charcoal soaks gold recovery roasting test result of study and sees Table 7:
Table 7 differing temps different atmosphere single hop roasting test result
Test-results: oxygen deprivation is better than air, air is better than oxygen enrichment; Low result is good for temperature height ratio temperature, and from differing temps different atmosphere single hop roasting test result, the experimental study result is generally on the low side, and the gold recovery index is undesirable.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 1, to ore carried out under the different atmosphere condition, differing temps two-stage roasting test, the two-stage roasting time is respectively 45min, 30min, 60min, the roasting test step is:
Step 1 is that the roasting material is prepared:
The refractory gold ore of embodiment 1 is passed through dry milling technology, and grinding particle size-0.074mm accounts for 90%; Ore after the dry grinding is moisture less than 2%; Coal-fired ratio 3% of adding;
Feed fluidizing reactor fluosolids roasting cup 2 by sealed screw feeder 1 and carry out first section roasting; Feed the material of fluidizing reactor fluosolids roasting cup 2,, finish first section roasting according to significant parameters such as the strict control mine-supplying quantity of ore character, wind supply quantity, air feed oxygen level, maturing temperature, roasting time;
Second section roasting carried out in chamber 5 after the material of finishing first section roasting entered the roasting of fluidizing reactor fluidized bed by the flow channels 4 that is located at stoving oven mid-board bottom, entered after the roasting of fluidizing reactor fluidized bed the material of chamber 5 and finished second section roasting according to significant parameters such as the strict control mine-supplying quantity of ore character, wind supply quantity, air feed oxygen level, maturing temperature, roasting time equally; The flue dust of first section roasting and second section roasting generation combines at the expanding reach of burner hearth 12, is discharged by flue 13; Through two-stage roasting, the material that roasting is good takes excessive marker method to discharge out of the furnace by sealing discharge valve 6;
Test-results sees Table 8:
Table 8 differing temps different atmosphere two-stage roasting test-results
Test-results: the oxygen enrichment test-results is very undesirable, although organic char combustion rate up to 92%, still fails to obtain high recovery gold index, the not organic charcoal of the gold of Jin Chuing does not cause; Through soaking residue product examination as can be known, there is 60% gold to be in the ferric oxide package status in the tailings, be because the oxidising process reaction is violent forms due to the ferric oxide secondary parcel fully, it can be said that brightly, this refractory gold ore is not suitable for adopting oxygen-enriched air roasting.
From air and oxygen deprivation roasting test result, the leaching index of gold is very desirable, and sulfide parcel Jin Jike soaks gold and obtained effective leaching basically, simultaneously, part gangue parcel gold bursts owing to shrend and reason such as carbonate minerals decomposition has obtained leaching, has improved golden leaching yield; In addition, adopt oxygen-lean atmosphere, be difficult in the industrial practice obtaining, directly adopt air can satisfy the purpose that the difficult-treating gold mine industrialized developing utilizes fully;
Conclusion: 650～700 ℃ of two sections air roastings, temperature.
Embodiment 3:
Reach as shown in Figure 1 on embodiment 2 bases, comprehensive best operating condition has carried out enlarging continuous proof test, and testing sequence is identical with embodiment 2, and test parameter is as follows:
Roasting test preparation of ore ability: 8t/d
Coal-fired proportioning: 2.8%
Raw meal particle size :-0.074mm content accounts for 90%
The two-stage roasting test:
Maturing temperature: 680 ℃～700 ℃ of one section roastings;
680 ℃～700 ℃ of two-stage calcinations;
Calcination atmosphere: one section, two-stage calcination all adopt air, air oxygen level 21%
Roasting time: one section 30min
Two sections 30min
Wind supply quantity: one section 84m
3/ h
Two sections 84m
3/ h
Testing sequence is as follows:
Step 1 is that the roasting material is prepared:
The refractory gold ore of embodiment 1 is passed through dry milling technology, and grinding particle size-0.074mm accounts for 90%; Ore after the dry grinding is moisture less than 2%; Coal-fired ratio 2.8% of adding;
Feed fluidizing reactor fluosolids roasting cup 2 by sealed screw feeder 1 and carry out first section roasting; Feed the material of fluidizing reactor fluosolids roasting cup 2,, finish first section roasting according to significant parameters such as the strict control mine-supplying quantity of ore character, wind supply quantity, air feed oxygen level, maturing temperature, roasting time;
Second section roasting carried out in chamber 5 after the material of finishing first section roasting entered the roasting of fluidizing reactor fluidized bed by the flow channels 4 that is located at stoving oven mid-board bottom, entered after the roasting of fluidizing reactor fluidized bed the material of chamber 5 and finished second section roasting according to significant parameters such as the strict control mine-supplying quantity of ore character, wind supply quantity, air feed oxygen level, maturing temperature, roasting time equally; The flue dust of first section roasting and second section roasting generation combines at the expanding reach of burner hearth 12, is discharged by flue 13; Through two-stage roasting, the material that roasting is good takes excessive marker method to discharge out of the furnace by sealing discharge valve 6; Continuous roasting test calcining cyaniding charcoal soaks test index and sees Table 9:
Table 9 two-stage roasting calcining cyaniding charcoal soaks test-results
| Sequence number | Prussiate consumption (gram/ton) | Calcining gold grade (gram/ton) | The cyaniding extraction time (hour) | Soak slag gold grade (gram/ton) | Leaching yield (%) |
| 1 | 750 | 5.26 | 12 | 0.85 | 83.84 |
| 2 | 750 | 5.26 | 24 | 0.72 | 86.31 |
| 3 | 750 | 5.26 | 36 | 0.71 | 86.50 |
| 4 | 750 | 5.26 | 48 | 0.73 | 86.12 |
The result: test-results was quite desirable in 36 hours, convincingly demonstrated two sections air roasting gold extraction technology of the suitable fully employing of this refractory gold ore.
Claims (1)
1, an a kind of one-furnace-two-section boiling baking process, it is characterized in that: calcination steps is:
Step 1: the roasting material is prepared
Grinding particle size-0.15mm60%～-0.074mm90% between; Ore after the dry grinding is moisture less than 2%; Fire coal carries out dry milling with ore, coal-fired ratio 1%～5% of adding;
Step 2: first section roasting
The material that feeds in the stoving oven by sealing screw at first carries out first section roasting; First section fluosolids roasting bed remaining oxygen is zero, and oxygen-supplying amount is 50～80% of total oxygen demand; Maturing temperature is added system and is carried out automatization control by finely tuning fire coal, and temperature range is at 600 ℃～750 ℃; First section roasting time is 30min～60min, controls by regulating the fluidized bed layer height; By finish first section roasting with adjusted and control;
Step 3: second section roasting
The material of finishing first section roasting enters second roasting chamber of stoving oven by the flow channels that is located at stoving oven mid-board bottom, carries out second section roasting; Based on the control wind supply quantity, the amount of oxygen coefficient of excess is 20%～40% in second section roasting; 600 ℃～750 ℃ of maturing temperatures; Roasting time 30min～60min guarantees that sulfide in the ore, carbonaceous thing oxidizing fire are complete, finishes second section roasting.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101893247A (en) * | 2010-08-16 | 2010-11-24 | 林向东 | Treatment method of cyanogen-containing wastewater from gold concentrate roasting and smelting plant |
| CN101948954A (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2011-01-19 | 广西地博矿业集团股份有限公司 | Gold recovery technology for processing arsenious S-C gangue coated gold concentrate by microwave fluidized roasting |
| CN102127635A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-07-20 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Fluidized roasting method for gold sulfide ore |
| CN102181662A (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2011-09-14 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Smelting method of low-sulfur copper concentrate |
| CN102230074A (en) * | 2011-06-19 | 2011-11-02 | 云南锡业集团（控股）有限责任公司 | Method for roasting tin-containing high-arsenic and high-sulfur material by fluidized rich oxygen |
| CN107541607A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-01-05 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A kind of method of high-Arsen gold ore two-stage roasting conversion processing cyanide gold-leaching |
| CN111455164A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-28 | 新疆星塔矿业有限公司 | Fluidized bed roasting device and production process for refractory gold concentrate |
| CN111500852A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-07 | 东北大学 | Carbon-containing gold ore suspension roasting system |
| CN113337729A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-09-03 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Beneficiation method for sulfur-containing and arsenic-containing sulfide coated gold |
-
2007
- 2007-07-06 CN CNA2007100558520A patent/CN101082078A/en active Pending
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101893247A (en) * | 2010-08-16 | 2010-11-24 | 林向东 | Treatment method of cyanogen-containing wastewater from gold concentrate roasting and smelting plant |
| CN101948954A (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2011-01-19 | 广西地博矿业集团股份有限公司 | Gold recovery technology for processing arsenious S-C gangue coated gold concentrate by microwave fluidized roasting |
| CN101948954B (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2011-11-23 | 广西地博矿业集团股份有限公司 | Gold recovery technology for processing arsenious S-C gangue coated gold concentrate by microwave fluidized roasting |
| CN102181662A (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2011-09-14 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Smelting method of low-sulfur copper concentrate |
| CN102127635A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-07-20 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Fluidized roasting method for gold sulfide ore |
| CN102230074A (en) * | 2011-06-19 | 2011-11-02 | 云南锡业集团（控股）有限责任公司 | Method for roasting tin-containing high-arsenic and high-sulfur material by fluidized rich oxygen |
| CN107541607A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-01-05 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A kind of method of high-Arsen gold ore two-stage roasting conversion processing cyanide gold-leaching |
| CN111455164A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-28 | 新疆星塔矿业有限公司 | Fluidized bed roasting device and production process for refractory gold concentrate |
| CN111500852A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-07 | 东北大学 | Carbon-containing gold ore suspension roasting system |
| CN111500852B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-08-10 | 东北大学 | Carbon-containing gold ore suspension roasting system |
| CN113337729A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-09-03 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Beneficiation method for sulfur-containing and arsenic-containing sulfide coated gold |
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