CN1209852C - 卫星通信系统中发射/接收电磁波的源天线 - Google Patents

卫星通信系统中发射/接收电磁波的源天线 Download PDF

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CN1209852C
CN1209852C CNB011187182A CN01118718A CN1209852C CN 1209852 C CN1209852 C CN 1209852C CN B011187182 A CNB011187182 A CN B011187182A CN 01118718 A CN01118718 A CN 01118718A CN 1209852 C CN1209852 C CN 1209852C
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source antenna
radiating element
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CN1342002A (zh
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亨利·富罗
菲利普·米纳尔
阿里·卢齐耶
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Thomson Licensing SAS
International Digital Madison Patent Holding SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/067—Two dimensional planar arrays using endfire radiating aerial units transverse to the plane of the array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device

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Abstract

一种发射/接收电磁波的源天线，包括：用于通过工作在第一频带中的纵向辐射装置发射电磁波的发射装置(11)，以及用于接收电磁波的、在两种不同频带下工作的接收装置，其特征在于用于接收电磁波的接收装置由工作在第二频带中的n个辐射单元的第一阵列(231-234)和工作在第三频带中的n’个辐射单元的第二阵列(321-324；341-344)构成，第一和第二阵列和纵向辐射装置具有共同的相位中心，第一和第二阵列的辐射单元环绕纵向辐射装置排列。

Description

卫星通信系统中发射/接收电磁波的源天线
技术领域
本发明涉及发射/接收电磁波的源天线，具体地说，源天线系统允许在某些频带中接收卫星电视信号，例如，Ku波段，位于10.7GHz和12.75GHz之间，在第二频带中的卫星通信，例如，Ka波段，在发射中大约是30GHz，接收中大约是20GHz，只使用单个结构的天线。
背景技术
目前，存在的发射/接收电磁波的源天线结构工作在两个频带。这些源天线可以满足高比特率多媒体应用的卫星通信的要求。这种类型的天线已经由汤姆森多媒体提出，这些双波段天线结构由两个共焦天线构成。因此，如上述专利申请描述的一样，用于接收或下行线路的第一天线由n个贴片的阵列组成。这种阵列可用于线极化或圆极化，并受益于两个正交的极化。用于发射或上行线路的第二个天线由称为“聚酯棒”的介质棒的波导发射构成。这个天线可用于线极化或圆极化，并受益于两个正交的极化。这两种天线以这种方式制成，以至于“聚酯棒”的相位中心和贴片阵列的相位中心一致，并放置在天线系统的焦点上。
发明内容
本发明的目的是把工作在两个频带中的发射/接收源天线结构与另一个源天线结构合并在一起，该另一个源天线结构在接收方面工作在比另两个频率低的工作频率下，具体地说，工作在允许接收常规卫星电视信号的频带下。这样可以获得工作在三个频带上的天线结构。
因此，本发明的主题是提供一种发射/接收电磁波的源天线，包括：用于通过工作在第一频带中的纵向辐射装置发射电磁波的发射装置，以及用于接收电磁波的、在两种不同频带下工作的接收装置，其特征在于用于接收电磁波的接收装置由工作在第二频带中的n个辐射单元的第一阵列和工作在第三频带中的n’个辐射单元的第二阵列构成，第一和第二阵列和纵向辐射装置具有共同的相位中心，第一和第二阵列的辐射单元环绕纵向辐射装置排列。。
按照一个实施例，n个辐射单元的第一阵列由具有线极化或圆极化、正交双极化的n个贴片的阵列构成，n个贴片的第一阵列连接到第一基片上由微带技术制成的馈电电路。
此外，发射纵向辐射电磁波的装置由与辐射的轴向一致的纵向辐射行波类型的天线构成，激励装置包括波导，波导用介质材料填充。这可以限制波导横截面的尺寸，并减小了波导内的导引波长。此外，行波类型的天线可由已知的“聚酯棒”的介质棒或螺旋线构成。
此外，n’个辐射单元的第二阵列由具有线极化或圆极化、正交双极化和宽带的辐射单元的阵列构成。整个阵列最好使用两个平行基片制成，基片之一是容纳第一阵列的第一基片。
按照第一实施例，基片用形成接地面的金属层覆盖，并包括第二阵列的辐射单元的平面上的非金属化区域。
按照优选实施例，具有正交双极化和宽带的阵列辐射单元由两个层叠的贴片形成，并分别形成在每一个基片上、并且进行电磁耦合。在这种情况下，两个基片可以在金属壁附近的非金属化区域垂直连接。
按照另一个实施例，具有正交双极化和宽带的阵列辐射单元由一个贴片构成，该贴片电磁耦合到连接到馈电电路的探针。
按照另一个实施例，具有正交双极化和宽带的阵列的辐射单元由第一基片内形成的孔径和连接到馈电电路并形成在平行基片上的贴片构成。
此外，n’个辐射单元的第二阵列连接到微带技术制成的馈电电路。
按照本发明的特点，n个辐射单元的第一阵列是排列成矩形的四个单元的阵列，n’辐射单元的第二阵列是与第一阵列交叉排列的四个单元的阵列。
按照本发明，第一和第二频带对应Ka波段，第三频带对应Ku波段。
本发明的其它特点和优点将在阅读下面的描述后变得很明显，描述是参考附图进行的。
附图说明
图1是工作在三个频带中的源天线系统的俯视图。
图2是沿图1A-A’线的剖面图。
图3是图1和2的源天线系统的下基片的俯视图。
图4是图1和2系统中用于Ka频段发射的“聚酯棒”的剖面图。
图5a-5b到9a-9b分别表示用于在Ku波段接收的各种辐射单元或“贴片”的实施例的俯视图和剖面图。
具体实施方式
为简化描述，相同的参考将用在各种不同的图中，已指定满足相同功能或相等功能的单元。
现在，我们将参考图1到图4描述工作在三中频带中的发射/接收电磁波的源天线的第一实施例。具体地说，如图2和4所示，源天线系统包括用于发射或上行线路的第一源天线，在所示的实施例中，其工作在Ka波段，即，大约30GHz。
具体地如图2和图4所示，在这个例子中使用的源天线结构基本上由终止于介质棒1的波导12构成，这个天线结构被称为“聚酯棒”。波导12的横截面可以是圆形、矩形、正方形或其它形状。下面将详细描述横截面的形状取决于另两个源天线所需空间的量。
在所示的实施例中，波导的横截面是圆环部分12。同样，如图4所示，这个横截面填充了介质材料，其目的是减少导波内的导波波长。对本领域的技术人员来说很明显，其它类型的行波源天线可以被用来形成上行线路的天线结构。特别是螺旋天线。
现在参考图1到3描述用于接收(下行线路)的两个源天线结构的第一实施例。如图1和图2所示，用于Ka波段，即20GHz的源天线结构由具有两个正交极化的线极化的贴片阵列20构成，并串联/并联馈电。具体地说，交叉排列的正方形的四个贴片231、232、233、234形成在基片21上。贴片排列在“聚酯棒”的周围，它们的对角线D等于0.7λg，其中，λg是导波的波长。
在所示的实施例中，贴片如图1所示的方式连接，即，贴片231由线241连接到贴片232，贴片232由线244连接到贴片233，贴片233由线243连接到贴片234，贴片234由线242连接到贴片231。此外，馈线26和27以特殊的方式连接在贴片231、234、233的另一输入端上。馈线26由线251连接到贴片231并由线252连接到贴片234，馈线27由线253连接到贴片234并由线254连接到贴片233，以这种方式产生了串联/并联馈电。在这个例子中，线241、242、243、244的长度相同。在两个贴片之间给出间隙，这些线具有长度λg/2模数的导波波长。
现在参考图2和3描述用于Ku波段，即，10.7GHz和12.75GHz之间的发射/接收源天线结构的一个实施例。在这个例子中，天线包括四个贴片的阵列。由于其工作频率低，这个贴片阵列环绕一个交叉点中的四个贴片的阵列排列成正方形，用于Ka波段中的电磁波源天线。
如图2所示，Ku波段源天线结构是由两个平行基片21、23形成的，在该基片上形成了电磁耦合的并联贴片321、341，下面将描述使用下基片33构成馈电电路，下基片可以容纳图2和3所示的贴片，这些电磁耦合的贴片增加了通带。如图1到图3所示，贴片321、322、323、324定位在第一基片21上的层22的非金属化部分311、312、313、314，形成在第二基片上的并联贴片341到344容纳馈电阵列。图3详细表示了馈电阵列。在这个例子中，每一个贴片在两点馈电，以便获得两个正交极化。具体地说，贴片341由线351连接到第一馈电电路的点C2，贴片344由线354连接到点C2，贴片343由线353连接到点C1，贴片342由线352连接到点C1。点C1和C2分别由线355和356连接到点C3，点C3连接到馈线。线353和354的长度相等，同样，线352和351的长度相等，所以，长度352-353＝λg/2。此外，贴片343的第二输入端由线363连接到点C4，贴片342由线362连接到点C4，贴片341由线361连接到点C5，贴片344由线364连接到点C5，点C4由线366连接到点C6，点C5由线365连接到点C6。点C6连接到另一条馈线以便获得并联馈电。在第二个例子中，线361、362、363、364的长度相同，线355和366的长度差ΔL＝λg/2。
以已知的方式连接各种馈线到接收电路至少包括一个低噪声放大器和一个频率转换器。由于本领域的技术人员熟知这种电路，所以就不详细描述了。因此，根据上述的电路，通过微带技术制成的两个功率分配器，贴片341、342、343、344都以同相同幅度馈电，贴片必须同相馈电，以便电场被加到导波的传播方向。特别是两个水平极化波之间的相移d等于d＝β*ΔL，其中β＝(2π/λg)，λg等于导波的波长。
在所示的实施例中，贴片通过相对侧面激励。因此，贴片341通过它的左侧面激励，在瞬间t产生了从左到右的电场E，而同时贴片344通过它的右侧面激励，在相同瞬间t产生了从右到左的电场E，最后获得了异相电场。通过引入线351和364的长度差给出的波长差，其等于λg/2，产生了进一步的相移d＝β*ΔL＝(2π/λg)*x(λg/2)＝π，因此，消除了电场之间的相位差。这个结构改善了极化的质量，因为它排除了交叉极化的问题。
下面参考图5a-5b到9a-9b用于Ku波段接收源天线结构的贴片的各种实施例。各个图表示了图1系统的下右部分。
图5a-5b是贴片的另一个实施例。在这个例子中，正方形的贴片302放置在上基片300上。如图清楚所示，接地面301被凹进，形成便于辐射的窗口303。此外，电磁耦合到第一贴片302的第二贴片306与下基片304上的第一贴片302平行。贴片306在两个正交侧由线307和307’馈电。按照这个实施例，金属壁304与窗口303垂直，以便层叠的贴片306和302向前辐射。两个基片305-300之间的部分填充有空气。按照一个变体，它也可以填充如泡沫的材料。
图6a-6b是层叠贴片的另一个实施例。在这个例子中，装有接地面311的上基片310被凹进，形成窗口314。位于上基片310和下基片315之间的部分填充有泡沫材料。贴片312形成在泡沫材料上，并电磁耦合到下基片315上的贴片316。贴片316的馈电与图5a和5b的贴片306一样由线317和317’馈电。
图7a和7b显示了另一个实施例。在这个例子中，贴片322形成在上基片320非金属化接地面321获得的窗口323中。至少由线327和327’形成的馈电电路形成在装有接地面326的下基片325上。在这个例子中，贴片322与线327和327’电磁耦合。
图8a和8b和图9a和9b的辐射孔径是相同的。因此，如图8a和8b所示，具有接地面331的上基片330被凹进，形成窗口333。在所示的实施例中，上基片330安装在插入金属壁334的下基片上。馈线337和337’形成在下基片335上。因此，在这个例子中，辐射孔径由探针激励。
在图9a和9b所示的变体中，贴片336形成在下基片335上。贴片336以常规的方法连接到馈线337和337’。
通过例子描述的实施例可以把工作在Ka波段用于接收的源天线与工作在Ku波段的用于接收的源天线合并，两个天线是共焦点的。
对本领域的技术人员来说所示的方法给出了频带，本发明也可以用在其它频带。
本领域的技术人员清楚，可以使用其它类型的阵列产生用在接收上的源天线结构，特别是任何类型的阵列包括具有线极化或圆极化、正交双极化的辐射单元。

Claims (17)

1.一种发射/接收电磁波的源天线，包括：用于通过工作在第一频带中的纵向辐射装置发射电磁波的发射装置(11)，以及用于接收电磁波的、在两种不同频带下工作的接收装置，其特征在于用于接收电磁波的接收装置由工作在第二频带中的n个辐射单元的第一阵列(231-234)和工作在第三频带中的n’个辐射单元的第二阵列(321-324；341-344)构成，第一和第二阵列和纵向辐射装置具有共同的相位中心，第一和第二阵列的辐射单元环绕纵向辐射装置排列。
2.按权利要求1所述的源天线，其特征在于n个辐射单元的第一阵列由具有线极化或圆极化、正交双极化的n个贴片(231-234)的阵列构成。
3.按权利要求2所述的源天线，其特征在于n个贴片的第一阵列连接到第一基片上由微带技术制成的馈电电路(241-244，251-254、26、27)。
4.按权利要求1到3中的任一权利要求所述的源天线，其特征在于发射纵向辐射电磁波的装置由与辐射的轴向一致的纵向辐射行波类型的天线构成，由包括波导的装置(12)所激励。
5.按权利要求4所述的源天线，其特征在于纵向辐射行波天线由聚酯棒(11)或螺旋线的介质棒构成。
6.按权利要求4所述的源天线，其特征在于波导用介质材料填充。
7.按权利要求1到3中的任一权利要求所述的源天线，其特征在于n’个辐射单元的第二阵列由具有线极化或圆极化、正交双极化和宽带的n’辐射单元的阵列(321-324；341-344)构成。
8.按权利要求7所述的源天线，其特征在于具有宽带的线极化或圆极化、正交双极化和宽带的n’辐射单元的阵列使用两个平行基片(21、33)制成，基片之一是容纳第一阵列的第一基片(21)。
9.按权利要求8所述的源天线，其特征在于第一基片(21)用形成接地面的金属层(22)覆盖，并包括第二阵列的辐射单元的平面上的非金属化区域(311-314)。
10.按权利要求7所述的源天线，其特征在于具有线极化或圆极化、正交双极化和宽带的阵列辐射单元由两个层叠的贴片(321-341、302-306、312-316)形成，并分别形成在每一个基片上、而且进行电磁耦合。
11.按权利要求10所述的源天线，其特征在于两个基片在金属壁(304)附近的非金属化区域(303)垂直连接。
12.按权利要求7所述的源天线，其特征在于具有线极化或圆极化、正交双极化和宽带的阵列辐射单元由一个贴片(322)构成，该贴片电磁耦合到连接到馈电电路的探针(327、327’)。
13.按权利要求7所述的源天线，其特征在于具有线极化或圆极化、正交双极化和宽带的阵列的辐射单元由第一基片(330)内形成的孔径(333)和连接到馈电电路并形成在平行基片上的探针(337、337’)构成。
14.按权利要求7所述的源天线，其特征在于具有线极化或圆极化、正交双极化和宽带的阵列的辐射单元由第一基片(330)内形成的孔径(333)和连接到馈电电路并形成在平行基片上的贴片(336)构成。
15.按权利要求7所述的源天线，其特征在于n’个辐射单元的第二阵列连接到微带技术制成的馈电电路。
16.按权利要求1到3中的任一权利要求所述的源天线，其特征在于n个辐射单元的第一阵列是排列成正方形的四个单元的阵列，n’个辐射单元的第二阵列是与第一阵列交叉排列的四个单元的阵列。
17.按权利要求到1到3中的任一权利要求所述的源天线，其特征在于第一和第二频带对应Ka波段，第三频带对应Ku波段。
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CN1342002A (zh) 2002-03-27
US6535169B2 (en) 2003-03-18
US20020018019A1 (en) 2002-02-14
JP2002026647A (ja) 2002-01-25
EP1162689A1 (en) 2001-12-12

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