CN1207552C - Trace amount liquid viscosity measuring method and apparatus - Google Patents
Trace amount liquid viscosity measuring method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1207552C CN1207552C CN 02148680 CN02148680A CN1207552C CN 1207552 C CN1207552 C CN 1207552C CN 02148680 CN02148680 CN 02148680 CN 02148680 A CN02148680 A CN 02148680A CN 1207552 C CN1207552 C CN 1207552C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the viscosity of micro liquid. The present invention indirectly measures the viscosity of liquid by measuring the relation between the flow rate and the pressure of liquid flowing in a micron pipeline. The present invention overcomes the defects that the existing method for measuring the viscosity of liquid has large dosage of experiment liquid, and is not suitable for measuring the viscosity of liquid with micro flow, and the price of a thermostatic bath is high. The present invention also provides a micro liquid viscosity measurement instrument having the advantages of low liquid dosage, simple constant temperature device and short measurement period. The measurement instrument is formed by that a temperature controller is additionally arranged on a micro flow experimental device (disclosed in drawing 1) of low voltage. The measurement instrument is mainly in a structure that a gas storage cylinder is communicated with a liquid storage tank through a pipeline, the liquid storage tank is respectively connected with a pressure detection component and a micron pipeline by a T-pipe, the micron pipeline is arranged in the temperature controller, and the other end of the micron pipeline is connected with a transparent displacement pipe; the other end of the displacement pipe penetrates out of the temperature controller, and is communicated with atmosphere; an optical microscope is arranged above the transparent displacement pipe.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of micro liquid viscosity measurement method, particularly relate to a kind of instrument that is used to measure the viscosity of micro liquid.
Background technology
Viscosity is the important physical of fluid, is the degree of viscosity, also claims kinetic viscosity.The relation in fields such as viscosity measurement and petrochemical complex, metallurgical coal and national defence is very close.In these fields, viscosity measurement is the control production procedure, realizes safety in production, improves the quality of products, and saves the important means with develop energy.At medical domain, the viscosity of measuring blood and other physiological fluid is the diagnostic means that recent development is got up, especially to difficult and complicated illness such as angiocardiopathy and cancer, knurls.In scientific domains such as physical chemistry, fluid mechanics, viscosity measurement plays an important role to understanding fluid properties and studying flow state, and encourage as document 1 Chen Hui and write, ' viscosity measurement ', and China Measuring Press, version was the 379th page in 1994.
The viscosity of liquid is by due to the molecular attraction.The power viscosity coefficient μ of liquid is relevant with temperature T with rerum natura, the environmental pressure P of this liquid.The universal expression formula of the sticking kelvin relation of liquid is the Andrade formula:
μ＝Aexp(E/kT) (1)
In the formula: the A--experimental constant, under different temperatures, test and try to achieve;
K--Bo Erciman constant, or claim gas law constant;
T--absolute temperature;
The E--viscous flow activation energy, its expression molecule is moved to the energy of another location institute palpus by a position.Relevant with the length and the temperature of molecular structure, strand.
But owing to test various density of liquid, the concentration difference of using, only can't provide the actual viscosity of liquid, must measure experimental liquid by formula (1).
Existing viscosity measurement method mainly contains capillary tube technique, rotary process, falling bodies method, vibratory drilling method, flat band method etc.The simplest measuring method is a capillary tube technique, i.e. the Pinkevitch viscosity meter.The internal diameter capillaceous that this measuring method is used is generally the mm magnitude, and required experimental liquid is more than 10ml.Experimental temperature is then controlled by calibration cell.If the scope of measuring temperature is than broad, between 5～50 ℃, the cost of calibration cell will be very expensive.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: overcome above-mentioned existing liquid viscosity measuring method owing to the experimental liquid consumption that the kapillary that uses slightly causes is big, be unsuitable for measuring the viscosity defective of micro-flow liquid; And in order to overcome the shortcoming that the existing used calibration cell of viscosity meter involves great expense; Thereby the micro liquid viscosity measuring instrument of provide that a kind of liquid consumption is few, thermostat is simple, be easy to carry, measuring period is short.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of method of measuring the measurement of micro liquid viscosity provided by the invention, it is characterized in that: according to the relation of following micron pipeline fluid flow of different temperatures and pressure, by temperature sensor target setting temperature, the pressure reading of measuring by pressure detecting part, the actual temperature of measuring with thermopair, and the displacement of liquid end face in the transparent displacement pipe of the metering usefulness that records with optical microscope, utilization
Formula, Δ P is that pipe end pressure drop, μ are that dynamic viscosity coefficient, the d of fluid to be measured is that diameter, the l of micron pipeline is the length of micron pipeline, the flow that Q is tested micro liquid in its formula, measures the viscosity that sets liquid under the target temperature indirectly.
The temperature T of liquid in the above-mentioned micron pipeline
lTw provides by the temperature sensor indicated temperature.The microchannel internal diameter is 20 μ m, directly measures T
lHave any problem.Consider that fluid flow is less than 22 nl/s in micron pipeline, measuring the required amount of liquid of data under the same temperature only is 2.4 μ l, accounts for 0.06% of liquid volume in the fluid reservoir (≈ 4ml), can suppose the temperature T of liquid in the microchannel
lTemperature T with liquid in the fluid reservoir
HEquate, i.e. T
l=T
H, T
HCan directly measure.Experimental result shows: measure T under static condition
wAnd T
HBetween error≤0.1 ℃.
The aforementioned calculation formula is called Hagen-Poiseuille stream by the theoretical pipe of Classical Fluid Mechanics in the Laminar Flow under the pressure-driven, and it is d that its flow equation can be released the pipe diameter, when measuring section length is l, and the relation of μ and flow Q, pressure P: for:
Wherein Δ P is that pipe end pressure drop, μ are the dynamic viscosity coefficients of flow media.
Have and experiment showed, that in certain pressure limit, the flowing law of simple Liquid meets H-P stream to 20 μ m and above micron pipeline.The micro liquid viscosity measuring instrument utilizes 20 μ m micron pipelines according to above-mentioned experimental result, and gaging pressure and discharge relation calculate viscosity coefficient μ by formula (2).
Micro liquid viscosity measuring instrument provided by the invention increases temperature controller on low pressure microfluidic experimental provision forms, and as shown in Figure 1, comprising: fluid reservoir, threeway, temperature controller and temperature measurement unit; It is characterized in that: also comprise: gas bomb, transparent displacement pipe, optical microscope, micron pipeline and pressure detecting part.Wherein gas bomb is communicated with fluid reservoir by pipeline, fluid reservoir is communicated with a threeway by the pipeline of band valve, the two-port of this threeway is connected with the micron pipeline with pressure detecting part respectively, the micron pipeline places in the experimental section runner of temperature controller, the other end of micron pipeline connects a transparent displacement pipe, the another port of this displacement pipe passes the straight-through atmosphere of temperature controller, the temperature sensor of measuring the sleeve cavity temperature is placed on the position of the sleeve wall of approaching micron pipeline, and optical microscope is arranged on displacement pipe top.
Described temperature controller as shown in Figure 2, comprise a metal body, have placement on its metal body and need the experimental section runner of micron pipeline of temperature adjustment temperature control and the hole of a laying temperature sensor, semiconductor cooler is installed on the surface of metal body, heating radiator is installed on the semiconductor cooler, the position of the metal body outside except that semiconductor cooling device is installed all coats with the insulation layer, and heating radiator is electrically connected with temperature-control circuit.
Described transparent displacement pipe is the pipe that glass, quartz or other transparent material are made.
Described pressure detecting part comprises pressure transducer or other detection part.
Described semiconductor cooler is installed on any face of 1-6 face of metal body or any combination of a plurality of; And by conventional feedback circuit control; Have the advantages that not only can make after metal body cooling, the power supply reversal connection but also can the heating of metal body.
The flow path portion office of close experimental section on metal body is opened in described temperature sensor mounted hole.
Also comprise a computing machine, this computing machine is electrically connected with described temperature sensor, pressure detecting part and optical microscope.
The filtrator that also comprises granule foreign and bubble in the filter liquide, this filtrator by piping erection between described fluid reservoir and micron pipeline.
Describedly be communicated with fluid reservoir by pipeline, or fluid reservoir is communicated with by pipeline in the pipeline of a threeway valve can also be installed, so that the flow of pilot-gas or liquid at gas bomb.
The invention has the advantages that:
Micro liquid viscosity measuring instrument of the present invention is measured the viscosity of liquid indirectly by measuring the flow-pressure dependence of micron pipeline liquid flow, and its structure is to increase thermostat in the microfluidic experimental system.The kapillary of this measuring instrument is a micron pipeline, and the liquid consumption that needs is few, and corresponding thermostat is simple, is easy to the scope inner control temperature at broad, and has short characteristics measuring period.Experimental result shows: micro liquid viscosity measuring instrument absolute viscosity measurement result and theoretical value meet fine, and each point measuring error scope is at 0.5%-2.7%.If adopt relative measurement method, can avoid because the error that the measurement of microchannel physical dimension brings, then measuring error only is less than 1.2%.If increase thermostat power or driving pressure, can enlarge the scope of measurement temperature and the liquid of viscosity higher.If, can make the simple portable viscosity measuring instrument with this instrument system microminiaturization.
In a word, the present invention has the following advantages: 1) the liquid consumption is few; 2) thermostat is simple, and the calibration cell cost is low; 3) measuring period is short; 4) be suitable for miniaturization, be easy to carry.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. micro liquid viscosity measurement instrument apparatus of the present invention is formed synoptic diagram
Fig. 2. the temperature controller diagrammatic cross-section in the micro liquid viscosity measuring instrument of the present invention
Fig. 3. the composition synoptic diagram of a kind of embodiment of micro liquid viscosity measuring instrument of the present invention
Fig. 4. the viscosity measurement curve map of water, among the figure ● expression heating shelves heat up, and represents the refrigeration shelf cooling, ◆ the expression refrigeration shelf heats up, ▲ expression heating shelves refrigeration
Indicate among the figure:
1. gas bomb 2. fluid reservoirs 3. valves
4. threeway 5. temperature controllers 6. displacement pipes
7. optical microscope 8. pipelines 9. temperature measurement units
10. pressure detecting part 11. semiconductor coolers (sheet) 12. thermopairs
13. 14. microns pipeline 15. metal bodies of micron conduit sleeve
16. computing machine 17. filtrators
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Make the micro liquid viscosity measuring instrument by Fig. 1, gas bomb 1 is adopted nitrogen cylinder, and it is communicated with fluid reservoir 2 by pipeline 8, in the fluid reservoir 2 water is housed, and by valve 3 connection threeways 4, the two-port of this threeway 4 is connected with a micron pipeline 14 with the pressure transducer 10 that market is bought respectively; Micron pipeline 14 is that diameter is the quartz round tube of 20 μ m, is placed in the experimental section runner of temperature controller 5, and the other end of quartz round tube 14 connection one has the glass displacement pipe 6 of scale, and the another port of this displacement pipe 6 passes temperature controller 5, straight-through atmosphere; The thermopair 12 that market is bought is placed on the position near micron conduit sleeve 13 walls, measures the temperature in the sleeve chamber; Optical microscope 7 is arranged on displacement pipe 6 tops.
Make a kind of miniature adjustable thermostatic device that is used for viscosity measurement by Fig. 2, the rectangular copper that adopts a block length 180mm is as metal body 15, and its sectional area is 50mm * 50mm; Make a call to the hole one along long side direction in the middle, place quartz round tube 14, in addition, opening the diameter that can plug in thermopair 9 again in experimental section runner adjacent regions is the duct of 4mm size; The semiconductor refrigerator is installed between the top of metal body 15 and heating radiator; The insulation material insulated is all used at the position of metal body except that end face is installed the semiconductor cooler part; Micron pipeline 14 rear ends connect a glass displacement pipe 6, and thermopair 9 is fixed near the position the close experimental section runner in the metal body 15, and this thermopair 9 is electrically connected with temperature control instrument; Heating radiator is electrically connected with temperature-control circuit; This temperature-control circuit is electrically connected with direct supply and temperature control instrument respectively.Wherein control circuit is common temperature control circuit, and semiconductor chilling plate 11 is a long 40mm * thick 4mm that buy on the market; All the other thermopairs 9, direct supply, temperature control instrument all are to buy on the market.
Embodiment 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, also increase computing machine 16, it is electrically connected with thermopair 12, pressure transducer 10 and optical microscope 7 in the temperature controller 5; Increase filtrator 17 between fluid reservoir 2 and quartz round tube 14, its filter membrane aperture is 0.2 μ m, connects with high voltage bearing plastic flexible pipe between gas bomb 11, fluid reservoir 2, the filtrator 17, and joint adopts hard sealing.
Embodiment 3
The micro liquid viscosity measuring instrument of Application Example 2 is measured the viscosity coefficient of water, structure as shown in Figure 3.Press in present embodiment adopts to be the nitrogen pressure bottle of 10Mpa, as the needed pressure source of whole experiment device, nitrogen cylinder is equipped with the oxygen voltage regulating meter, and its low-pressure meter can be regulated the required pressure of experiment.Pressure transducer accurately provides the experiment force value that source of the gas provides; The dress conductivity is the deionized water of 2.73 μ S*CM in the fluid reservoir, and micron pipeline experimental section is that internal diameter is the quartz round tube of 20 μ m, and the micron pipeline that glues is connected, and puts into the experimental section runner of temperature controller, and All other routes are connected; One end of this experimental section is connected with the pressure measurement threeway, provide micron force value of pipeline input end by another pressure transducer, the other end of micron pipeline inserts the glass displacement pipe that internal diameter is 1mm, this displacement pipe is used to measure the displacement of liquid end face, its downstream end is not sealed, straight-through atmosphere can record Δ P thus.Temperature survey is divided into the heating and two processes of freezing, and carries out in 1.6～40.3 ℃ of scopes, and room temperature is 21～23 ℃, and the target temperature of heating process is respectively 25,30,35,40 ℃; The target temperature of process of refrigerastion is respectively 15,10,5,1 ℃.Stablized 30 minutes after adjusting to target temperature, estimate that flow state is stable, write down the temperature sensor reading after stablizing then, and the reading in the temperature control cycle is averaged, the deviation of continuous three mean values is less than 0.5%, then as experimental result.If deviation is big, the illustrative experiment process is also unstable, again reading.Then by formula
Calculate the viscosity of water.Experimental result as shown in Figure 4 shows: under the target temperature that sets, viscosity measurement and theoretical value are approaching, and error only is 0.5%-2.7%.If amount relevant with micron pipeline geometric parameter in the formula (2) is made as instrument parameter C, adopt relative measurement method, can reduce the error that inner diameter measurement brings, as long as the microchannel physical dimension is constant, then the C value is constant, and the measuring error of relative measurement method only is less than 1.2%.
Embodiment 4
Use the micro liquid viscosity measuring instrument among the embodiment 2, in 10～40 ℃ of scopes, measure the viscosity coefficient of carbon tetrahalide, carbon tetrahalide is housed in the fluid reservoir, pressing nitrogen cylinder and the internal diameter of 10Mpa in experiment is adopted is that 25 μ m, external diameter are the pipeline about 320 μ m, long 4.7cm, and pressure is 0.2Mpa.Measuring method and process are with embodiment 3.Experimental result shows: setting under the target temperature, viscosity measurement and theoretical value are approaching, and error only is 0.6%-3.2%.
Embodiment 5
Use the micro liquid viscosity measuring instrument among the embodiment 2, in 10～40 ℃ of scopes, measure the viscosity coefficient of ethylbenzene, ethylbenzene is housed in the fluid reservoir, pressing nitrogen cylinder and the internal diameter of 10Mpa in experiment is adopted is that 25 μ m, external diameter are the pipeline about 320 μ m, long 4.6cm, and pressure is 0.2Mpa.Measuring method and process are with embodiment 3.Experimental result shows: under the target temperature that sets, viscosity measurement and theoretical value are approaching, and error only is 0.8%-4.3%.
Embodiment 6
Use the micro liquid viscosity measuring instrument among the embodiment 2, in 10～40 ℃ of scopes, the viscosity coefficient of measurement ring hexane is equipped with cyclohexane in the fluid reservoir, pressing nitrogen cylinder and the internal diameter of 10Mpa in experiment is adopted is that 25 μ m, external diameter are the pipeline about 320 μ m, long 4.5cm, and pressure is 0.2Mpa.Measuring method and process are with embodiment 3.Experimental result shows: under the target temperature that sets, viscosity measurement and theoretical value are approaching, and error only is 0.7%-4.1%.
Claims (10)
1. the measuring method of a micro liquid viscosity, it is characterized in that: according to the relation of following micron pipeline fluid flow of different temperatures and pressure, by temperature sensor target setting temperature, the pressure reading of measuring by pressure detecting part, the actual temperature of measuring with thermopair, and the displacement of liquid end face in the transparent displacement pipe of the metering usefulness that records with optical microscope, utilization
Formula is measured indirectly and is set order
The viscosity of liquid under the mark temperature; Δ P is that pipe end pressure drop, μ are that dynamic viscosity coefficient, the d of fluid to be measured is that diameter, the l of micron pipeline is the length of micron pipeline, the flow that Q is tested micro liquid in its formula.
2. the isolated plant of the measuring method of the described micro liquid viscosity of claim 1 comprises: fluid reservoir, threeway, temperature controller and temperature measurement unit; It is characterized in that: also comprise gas bomb, transparent displacement pipe, optical microscope, micron pipeline and pressure detecting part; Wherein gas bomb is communicated with fluid reservoir by pipeline, fluid reservoir is communicated with a threeway by pipeline, the two-port of this threeway is connected with the micron pipeline with pressure detecting part respectively, the micron pipeline places in the experimental section runner of temperature controller, the other end of micron pipeline connects a transparent displacement pipe, the another port of this displacement pipe passes the straight-through atmosphere of temperature controller, the temperature sensor of temperature is placed on the approaching micron pipeline place in the temperature controller in the experiments of measuring section runner, and optical microscope is arranged on transparent displacement pipe top.
3. press the isolated plant of the measuring method of the described micro liquid viscosity of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described transparent displacement pipe is the pipe that glass or quartzy transparent material are made.
4. press the isolated plant of the measuring method of the described micro liquid viscosity of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described pressure detecting part is a pressure transducer.
5. press the isolated plant of the measuring method of the described micro liquid viscosity of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described temperature controller comprises a metal body, have placement on its metal body and need the experimental section runner of micron pipeline of temperature adjustment temperature control and the hole of a laying temperature sensor, semiconductor cooler is installed on the surface of metal body, the position of the metal body outside except that semiconductor cooling device is installed all coats with the insulation layer, and described temperature sensor is electrically connected with temperature control instrument.
6. by the isolated plant of the measuring method of the described micro liquid viscosity of claim 5, it is characterized in that: described semiconductor cooler is installed on any face of 1-6 face of metal body or any combination of a plurality of; And by conventional feedback circuit control.
7. press the isolated plant of the measuring method of the described micro liquid viscosity of claim 5, it is characterized in that: the flow path portion office of close experimental section on metal body is opened in temperature sensor mounted hole.
8. press the isolated plant of the measuring method of claim 2 or 6 described micro liquid viscosity, it is characterized in that: also comprise a computing machine, this computing machine is electrically connected with described temperature sensor, pressure detecting part and optical microscope.
9. by the isolated plant of the measuring method of claim 2 or 6 described micro liquid viscosity, it is characterized in that: also comprise the filtrator of granule foreign and bubble in the filter liquide, this filtrator by piping erection between described fluid reservoir and micron pipeline.
10. by the isolated plant of the measuring method of claim 2 or 6 described micro liquid viscosity, it is characterized in that: in the described pipeline valve is installed, this valve is located in fluid reservoir and the pipeline that threeway is connected.
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| CN 02148680 CN1207552C (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | Trace amount liquid viscosity measuring method and apparatus |
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| CN 02148680 CN1207552C (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | Trace amount liquid viscosity measuring method and apparatus |
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| CN1207552C true CN1207552C (en) | 2005-06-22 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102768169A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for measuring viscosity of Newtonian fluid by utilization of pressure drop of micro-channel |
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| CN100549695C (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2009-10-14 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | A kind of measuring instrument of real-time human body blood viscosity |
| CN100462707C (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2009-02-18 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Double-pipe relative measurement method and device for microflow of liquid |
| CN102305753B (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2013-01-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method and device for measuring viscosity of high-temperature high-pressure fluid |
| CN102590035B (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2014-01-08 | 杭州中旺科技有限公司 | Viscosity measuring method for viscosity measuring platform |
| CN102944500B (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2016-04-27 | 重庆大学 | For the lane device of tracer liquid viscosity and system and application thereof |
| CN103115850B (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-11-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for testing flow resistance of dispersion system under high temperature and high pressure conditions |
| CN106769676B (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2023-12-15 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device and method for improving and measuring liquid fluidity |
| CN106932307A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-07 | 钦州学院 | A kind of dynamic viscosity test device and its method of testing |
| CN108562514B (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2024-04-12 | 中国石油大学(北京) | High-temperature high-pressure low-speed gas microtube viscosity measuring device and measuring method thereof |
| CN110244014A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-17 | 石家庄铁路职业技术学院 | Water quality testing meter based on open source hardware |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102768169A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for measuring viscosity of Newtonian fluid by utilization of pressure drop of micro-channel |
| CN102768169B (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2014-12-10 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for measuring viscosity of Newtonian fluid by utilization of pressure drop of micro-channel |
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