CN102305753A - Method and device for measuring viscosity of high-temperature high-pressure fluid - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring viscosity of high-temperature high-pressure fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN102305753A CN102305753A CN201110136796A CN201110136796A CN102305753A CN 102305753 A CN102305753 A CN 102305753A CN 201110136796 A CN201110136796 A CN 201110136796A CN 201110136796 A CN201110136796 A CN 201110136796A CN 102305753 A CN102305753 A CN 102305753A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring the viscosity of a high-temperature high-pressure fluid. A tube bank length capillary tube measurement method which is applicable to viscosity measurement of various fluids at different temperature and under different pressure is obtained by extending a classical method for measuring the viscosity of a fluid by using a capillary tube on the basis of a constant flow conservation principle in fluid mechanics. The viscosity of the fluid is mainly calculated by utilizing the difference of pressure drops generated when fluids to be measured which have the same mass flow, temperature and pressure flow through capillary experimental tubes with different lengths under laminar flow conditions. The device which applies the method heats the fluid and preserves heat through external world and a temperature controller is used for automatic control to compensate the heat loss of heat dissipation of the fluid in the flowing process, so that more accurate experimental data of the viscosity is obtained. The method and the device are easy to operate, and are applicable to the measurement of the viscosity of fluids under different pressure and at different temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for measuring of high temperature and high pressure flow bulk viscosity and device of being applicable to, be mainly used in the association area that Aero-Space, the energy, automobile and petrochemical complex etc. lack the physical properties of fluids data.
Background technology
Late 1980s; In order to obtain the advantage of military and commercial competition in 21 century; US Department of Defense has implemented a national strategic engine technology beforehand research plan by air force, naval, ground force, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), beforehand research office of Ministry of National Defence (DARPA) and industry member fellowship, i.e. Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology (IHPTET) plan.The IHPTET plan came into effect from 1988, and 2002 finish in the original plan, are deferred to end in 2005 at present, and total target is at the beginning of 21 century, to make the level of ability than 1988 of aeromotor improve 1 times.Specific targets are thrust-weight ratio raising 100%, oil consumption rate reduction by 30%, cost minimizing 35% [44].For further adapting to the needs of 21 century technical progress and aviation development, obtain in the IHPTET plan on the basis of part important achievement, worked out the continuity plan of IHPTET during the U.S. government postscript, promptly VAATE plans.This plan was implemented from 2003, finished to 2017, and its target mainly comprises: the thrust-weight ratio of (1) engine increases by 200%, and promptly the engine thrust-weight ratio reaches 20 magnitude; (2) the engine oil consumption rate reduces by 25%, promptly reaches 0.645 level; (3) expense such as engine maintenance, maintenance reduces by 60%.
A huge sum of money input based on IHPTET and these two plans of VAATE; US military and each scientific research institution to hydrocarbon fuel producing and with it characteristics such as flowing during, heat exchange, coking as low-temperature receiver further investigate, comprise heat sink, heat transfer characteristic, coking deposition characteristics and the high-temperature split product analysis etc. of selection, the fuel of fuel.But because these research work relate to national military affairs and strategic development plan, relevant result of study great majority all are in confidential state, seldom have detailed data available and data to publish.
Along with the rise of hypersonic aircraft in recent years, hydrocarbon fuel obtains paying attention in aerospace field as low-temperature receiver heat absorption cooling gradually.The heat transfer of hydrocarbon fuel research just receives scholar's close attention in the industry increasing under the supercritical pressure.But also extremely lack about the rerum natura of the hydrocarbon fuel especially rerum natura research under HTHP.
At present, the present the most frequently used method of fluid viscosity measurement mainly contains: capillary tube technique, vibratory drilling method and rotary process etc.Wherein capillary tube technique is considered to be under the normal temperature viscosity and measures method the most accurately; This method viscosity measurement range is very wide; The viscosity that is applicable to liquids and gases is measured, but the influence that its application has at high temperature received the instrument refractive index and how to have surveyed problems such as its crescent surface; Vibratory drilling method has very high precision equally, but it can only be used for narrower viscosity and measure, but that its great advantage is the vibration material ranges selected is very wide, therefore can be used for low viscous high-temperature and melt the viscosity of body and measure; Rotary process is owing to exist friction loss when driving the proving installation operation, so this method mainly is applicable to the measurement of high-viscosity fluid, such as glass after melting and slag etc.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to address the above problem; In conjunction with the demand of following hydrocarbon fuel at aerospace field; And to hydrocarbon fuel very big characteristics of viscosity change scope under HTHP; Measure the principle of fluid viscosity and it is further expanded based on kapillary, proposed the viscosity measurement method of fluid under the HTHP and developed measurement mechanism, for the scientific research and the practical applications of hydrocarbon fuel provides strong foundation.
A kind of device that is applicable to that the high temperature and high pressure flow bulk viscosity is measured comprises measuring system, heat tracing system and data acquisition system (DAS);
Measuring system is divided into short tube measure portion and long tube measure portion;
The short tube measure portion comprises short tube experimental section, the first collection case, the second collection case, first adapter, second adapter, first skirt, second skirt, four-way connection, first three-way connection, the first pressure pipe and second a pressure pipe;
The two ends of short tube experimental section are connected with the first collection case, the second collection case respectively; Have counterbore at the first collection case, the stable section of second collection in the case, the counterbore of the first collection case is used for connecting to be got first and presses pipe, and the counterbore of the second collection case is used for connecting to be got second and press pipe, and first presses pipe and second to press to manage is connected with the high-low pressure port of pressure difference transmitter; Between first collection case and first adapter, second collect between the case and second adapter and all be placed with wire netting; Between first adapter and first skirt, be fixedly connected between second adapter and second skirt; First skirt is connected with A2 mouth in the four-way connection; Second skirt is connected with B2 mouth in first three-way connection; Short tube is imported and exported the A1 mouth that thermopair feeds in the four-way connection and is inserted first skirt, and contact with wire netting between first adapter and the first collection case, is connected between short tube import and export thermopair and the four-way connection; Another short tube is imported and exported the B1 mouth that thermopair feeds in first three-way connection and is inserted second skirt, and contact with wire netting between second adapter and the second collection case, is connected between short tube import and export thermopair and the three-way connection; A3 in the four-way connection, A4 mouth are respectively fluid inlet to be measured and absolute pressure transducer interface;
The long tube measure portion comprises makes long tube, the 3rd collection case, the 4th collection case, the 3rd adapter, the 4th adapter, the 3rd skirt, the 4th skirt, second three-way connection, the 3rd three-way connection, the 3rd pressure pipe and the 4th pressure pipe;
The two ends of long tube are connected with the 3rd collection case, the 4th collection case respectively; Stable section in the 3rd collection case, the 4th collection case has counterbore, and the counterbore of the 3rd collection case is used to connect the 3rd pressure pipe, and the counterbore of the 4th collection case is used to connect the 4th pressure pipe; The 3rd pressure pipe, the 4th presses pipe to be connected with the high-low pressure port of pressure difference transmitter respectively; Between the 3rd collection case and the 3rd adapter, all be placed with wire netting between the 4th collection case and the 4th adapter, the 3rd collect between case and the 3rd adapter, the 4th collect between case and the 4th adapter and be fixedly connected; The 3rd skirt is connected with C2 mouth in second three-way connection; The 4th skirt is connected with D2 mouth in the 3rd three-way connection; Short tube is imported and exported the C1 mouth that thermopair feeds in second three-way connection and is inserted the 3rd skirt, and contact with wire netting between the 3rd adapter and the 3rd collection case, is connected between short tube import and export thermopair and second three-way connection; Another short tube is imported and exported the D1 mouth that thermopair feeds in the 3rd three-way connection and is inserted the 4th skirt, and contact with wire netting between the 4th adapter and the 4th collection case, is connected between short tube import and export thermopair and the 3rd three-way connection;
First three-way connection adopts guide wire to be connected with second three-way connection;
The heat tracing system comprises first insulation material, second insulation material, heat band, the first thermocouple signal line and second thermocouple signal line and the temperature controller;
Measuring system is formed test section, and first insulation material wraps in around the test section; Between second insulation material and first insulation material, be wound with the first heat band; The short tube of the D1 mouth in the A1 mouth in the four-way connection and the 3rd three-way connection is imported and exported thermopair and is connected the first thermocouple signal line and the second thermocouple signal line respectively; The first thermocouple signal line and the second thermocouple signal line insert the input terminal in the temperature controller, through the heating power of lead-out terminal control heating tape, make the first thermocouple signal line identical with the temperature indicating value in the second thermocouple signal line;
Middle pressure, pressure reduction, flow, the temperature of data acquisition system (DAS) monitoring in real time and record test section.
A kind of assay method that is applicable to the high temperature and high pressure flow bulk viscosity comprises following step:
Step 1: accurately measure and write down short tube experimental section length L
Short, the long tube length L
Long
Step 2: the viscosity of treating fluid measured is estimated, and the Reynolds number of confirming this fluid is 400 to 1500 o'clock pairing flow range of different temperatures;
Step 3: test section and pressure unit are carried out pump-down process: when measuring liquid viscosity;
Step 4: whether inspection pressure unit, thermopair and temperature controller be in proper working order;
Step 5: measure fluid viscosity to be measured:
At first fixing hydrodynamic pressure to be measured; The flow and the temperature of fluid measured treated in adjusting; So that the import reynolds number Re of test section reaches discreet value 400～1500; According to inlet temperature temperature controller is set, let its automatically the control heat tracing power so that the fluid temperature (F.T.) in test section exit equate with the inflow point fluid temperature (F.T.); After treating that temperature, pressure, flow are all stable, through temperature, pressure and flow value in the data acquisition system (DAS) record test macro, writing time is greater than 15s, and through data acquisition system (DAS) it averaged processing, obtains the total flow of measuring section after the processing
The inlet outlet pressure differential Δ P of short tube experimental section
Short, the long tube experimental section inlet outlet pressure differential Δ P
Long, arrange the viscosity measure equation according to the length pipe:
Obtain treating under this temperature operating mode the viscosity of fluid measured, wherein L
Long, Δ P
LongBe respectively the average length and the inlet outlet pressure differential of long tube experimental section; L
Short, Δ P
ShortBe respectively the average pipe range and the inlet outlet pressure differential of short tube experimental section; ρ is a fluid density to be measured;
Total mass flow rate for test section; N is pipe row number, n>=1; D is the mean inside diameter of long tube, short experiment tube;
Step 6: change the test section inlet temperature, repeating step five carries out the measurement of next temperature operating mode viscosity, reaches the upper limit of required measurement until fluid temperature (F.T.) to be measured;
Step 7: regulate pressure, repeating step five, step 6 are carried out the viscosity of next pressure working condition and are measured, and reach the upper limit of required measurement until hydrodynamic pressure to be measured, obtain thus that fluid viscosity concerns with variation of temperature under the different pressures.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
(1) adopt flow method to measure the viscosity of fluid, experimental implementation is simple and convenient, is applicable to the measurement of fluid viscosity under various pressure and the temperature, has overcome existing capillary viscosimeter is measured fluid viscosity under HTHP inherent shortcoming.
(2) fluid viscosity measuring method according to the invention can adopt different pipe row numbers according to the variation of fluid viscosity, has very big dirigibility as long as the fluid reynolds number Re that makes each bypass duct in 400～1500 laminar flow scope, is therefore measured.
(3) apparatus of the present invention can measure high temperature (≤800K) high pressure (≤100MPa) the following viscosity of fluid, the relative current experiments equipment of measurement range is improved largely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a viscosity measurement mechanism of the present invention (front view);
Fig. 2 flows to synoptic diagram (vertical view) for viscosity measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a viscosity measurement mechanism heat tracing synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 viscosity measurement mechanism of the present invention collection case cut-open view.
Fig. 5 single length pipe water viscosity calibration result of the present invention.
Fig. 6 length pipe of the present invention draining viscosity calibration result.
Fig. 7 length pipe of the present invention denitrogen gas viscosity calibration result.
Among the figure:
The 1-four-way connection 21-first skirt 22-second skirt 23-the 3rd skirt
24-the 4th skirt 31-first adapter 32-second adapter 33-the 3rd adapter
34-the 4th adapter 41-first collection case 42-second collection case 43-the 3rd collection case
44-the 4th collection case 5-short tube experimental section 6-long tube 71-first pressure pipe
The 72-second pressure pipe 73-the 3rd pressure pipe 74-the 4th pressure pipe 8-second three-way connection
The 9-guide wire 10-first three-way connection 11-the 3rd three-way connection 12-temperature controller
The 131-second insulation material 132-first insulation material 14-heat band 15-first thermocouple signal line
The 16-test section 17-second thermocouple signal line
Embodiment
To combine accompanying drawing that the present invention is done further detailed description below.
A kind of device that is applicable to that the high temperature and high pressure flow bulk viscosity is measured of the present invention comprises measuring system, heat tracing system and data acquisition system (DAS) three parts.
As shown in Figure 1; Measuring system is divided into short tube measure portion and long tube measure portion, and the short tube measure portion comprises eight short tube experimental sections 5, the first collection case 41, the second collection case 42, first adapter 31, second adapter 32, first skirt 21, second skirt 22, four-way connection 1, first three-way connection 10, the first pressure pipe 71 and the second pressure pipe 72;
Adopt guide wire 9 to be connected between short tube measure portion and the long tube measure portion.This device must level use to eliminate the influence that gravitational pressure drop is measured viscosity.
The silver soldering welding is adopted respectively and between the first collection case 41, the second collection case 42 in the two ends of short tube experimental section 5, to prevent short tube experimental section 5 distortion and cause measuring error to increase in the process of welding; The stable section that collects in the case 42 at the first collection case 41, second has the pressure port that diameter is 0.8mm; Its pressure port area only accounts for 3.3% of local flow area; Therefore pressure survey is not had influence, on the basis of pressure port, have the counterbore that diameter is 3mm, the counterbore of the first collection case 41 is used for connection and gets the first pressure pipe 71; The counterbore of the second collection case 42 is used for connecting to be got second and presses pipe 72, the first to press pipe 71, second to press between pipe 72 and the first collection case 41, the second collection case 42 to adopt argon arc welding to weld; First presses pipe 71 and second to press manages 72 and is connected with the high-low pressure port of pressure difference transmitter respectively through screw thread bite type joint; Between first collection case 41 and first adapter 31, all be placed with 3 layer of 200 purpose wire netting between the second collection case 42 and second adapter 32, and the employing argon arc welding is welded; Between first adapter 31 and first skirt 21, all adopt the argon arc welding welding between second adapter 32 and second skirt 22; A2 mouth in first skirt 21 and the four-way connection 1 adopts the screw thread cutting ferrule to be connected; B2 mouth in second skirt 22 and first three-way connection 10 adopts the screw thread cutting ferrule to be connected; Short tube is imported and exported the A1 mouth that thermopair feeds in the four-way connection 1 and is inserted first skirt 21, and contact with wire netting between first adapter 31 and the first collection case 41, is connected through the screw thread cutting ferrule between short tube import and export thermopair and the four-way connection 1; The B1 mouth that another short tube import and export thermopair feeds in first three-way connection 10 inserts second skirt 22; And contact with second adapter 32 and the wire netting of second collection between the case 42, be connected through the screw thread cutting ferrule between short tube import and export thermopair and the three-way connection 10; A3 in the four-way connection 1, A4 mouth are respectively fluid inlet to be measured and absolute pressure transducer interface (as shown in Figure 2).
The long tube measure portion comprises makes eight long tubes 6, the 3rd collection case 43, the 4th collection case 44, the 3rd adapter 33, the 4th adapter 34, the 3rd skirt 23, the 4th skirt 24, second three-way connection 8, the 3rd three-way connection 11, the 3rd pressure pipe 73, the 4th pressure pipe 74;
The silver soldering welding is adopted respectively and between the 3rd collection case 43, the 4th collection case 44 in the two ends of eight long tubes 6, to prevent long tube 6 distortion and cause measuring error to increase in the process of welding; The stable section that collects in the case 44 at the 3rd collection case the 43, the 4th has the pressure port that diameter is 0.8mm; Its pressure port area only accounts for 3.3% of local flow area; Therefore pressure survey is not had influence, on the basis of pressure port, have the counterbore that diameter is 3mm, the counterbore of the 3rd collection case 43 is used to connect the 3rd pressure pipe 73; The counterbore of the 4th collection case 44 is used to connect the 4th pressure pipe 74, the three pressure pipes 73, the 4th and presses between pipe the 74 and the 3rd collection case 43, the 4th collection case 44 and adopt argon arc welding to weld; The 3rd pressure pipe 73, the 4th presses pipe 74 to be connected with the high-low pressure port of pressure difference transmitter respectively through screw thread bite type joint; Between the 3rd collection case 43 and the 3rd adapter 33, all be placed with 3 layer of 200 purpose wire netting between the 4th collection case 44 and the 4th adapter 34, and the employing argon arc welding is welded; Between the 3rd adapter 33 and the 3rd skirt 23, all adopt the argon arc welding welding between the 4th adapter 34 and the 4th skirt 24; C2 mouth in the 3rd skirt 23 and second three-way connection 8 adopts the screw thread cutting ferrule to be connected; D2 mouth in the 4th skirt 24 and the 3rd three-way connection 11 adopts the screw thread cutting ferrule to be connected; Short tube is imported and exported the C1 mouth that thermopair feeds in second three-way connection 8 and is inserted the 3rd skirt 23, and contact with wire netting between the 3rd adapter 33 and the 3rd collection case 43, is connected through the screw thread cutting ferrule between short tube import and export thermopair and second three-way connection 8; The D1 mouth that another short tube import and export thermopair feeds in the 3rd three-way connection 11 inserts the 4th skirt 24; And contact with the 4th adapter 34 and the wire netting of the 4th collection between the case 44, be connected through the screw thread cutting ferrule between short tube import and export thermopair and the 3rd three-way connection 11.
The connection of long tube measure portion is identical with the type of attachment of short tube measure portion, adopts guide wire 9 to be connected through first three-way connection 10 with second three-way connection 8 therebetween, and type of attachment is the screw thread bite type.
After the part of detecting attaching finishes; It is inserted the heat tracing system; As shown in Figure 3, the heat tracing system comprises first insulation material 132, second insulation material 131, heat band 14, the first thermocouple signal line 15 and the second thermocouple signal line 17 and temperature controller 12.Each part shown in Figure 1 (measuring system) is formed test section 16, is surrounded by around test section 16 that receive can adiabatic first insulation material 132; Between second insulation material 131 and first insulation material 132, be wound with the first heat band 14; The short tube of the D1 mouth in the A1 mouth in the four-way connection 1 and the 3rd three-way connection 11 is imported and exported thermopair and is connected the first thermocouple signal line 15 and the second thermocouple signal line 17 respectively.Input terminal W1 and W2 that the first thermocouple signal line 15 and the second thermocouple signal line 17 insert in the temperature controller 12; Through the heating power of lead-out terminal W3 and W4 control heating tape 14, so that the first thermocouple signal line 15 is identical with the temperature indicating value in the second thermocouple signal line 17.
Middle pressure, pressure reduction, flow, the variation of temperature of test section 16 can monitored and write down to data acquisition system (DAS) in real time, and it mainly comprises data collecting card (being used for compiling and transmitting of pressure, temperature, flow signal), data acquisition program (being used for the data recording and the processing of pressure, temperature, flow) and computer (being used for the storage of data and the operation of program).，
Obtain to treat the viscosity data of fluid measured under different temperatures and pressure through inlet temperature and the pressure that improves constantly test section in the measuring process.
The output signal of all pressure according to the invention (absolute pressure and the row pressure of length pipe are poor) and flow sensor is the electric signal of 4-20mA; The output signal of its temperature (out temperature of test section) is ± electric signal of 50mV; These signals all insert data acquisition system (DAS) through data collecting card, are used for the automatic processing of data.
Said thermopair adopts industrial one-level K type armouring thermoelectricity or platinum rhodium-platinum thermocouple.
Said pressure difference transmitter precision is 0.065%, and range is 40kPa.
Laminar flow condition according to the invention (is used to differentiate the flow state of fluid; The mobile laminar flow and the turbulent flow of being divided into of fluid; When Re is turbulent flow greater than 2300 the time; Viscosity measurement method according to the invention can only use under laminar flow condition) as reynolds number Re in the scope of 400-1500, wherein
Said short tube experimental section 5 and long tube 6 need be taken from same tubing; Its inner diameter d≤1.1mm; And before the first collection case 41, the second collection case 42, the 3rd collection case 43,44 welding of the 4th collection case, carry out the accurate measurement of internal diameter through field launch environment scanning electron microscope; In addition, short tube experimental section 5 and long tube 6 can not have any distortion before installation, otherwise can increase measuring error.
Proving installation according to the invention answers horizontal positioned to remove the influence that gravitational pressure drop is measured viscosity.When being used to measure liquid viscosity, the mouth of pipe of the first pressure pipe 71, the second pressure pipe 72, the 3rd pressure pipe 73, the 4th pressure pipe 74 should be down to increase the accuracy of differential pressure measurement; When being used for measurement gas viscosity, the mouth of pipe of the first pressure pipe 71, the second pressure pipe 72, the 3rd pressure pipe 73, the 4th pressure pipe 74 then should be up; When said device is used for the measurement of supercritical pressure fluid viscosity; When measuring temperature less than the plan critical temperature; The mouth of pipe of the first pressure pipe 71, the second pressure pipe 72, the 3rd pressure pipe 73, the 4th pressure pipe 74 down; Measure temperature when intending critical temperature, the mouth of pipe of the first pressure pipe 71, the second pressure pipe 72, the 3rd pressure pipe 73, the 4th pressure pipe 74 up.
The first collection case 41, second according to the invention collects case 42, the 3rd collection case the 43, the 4th collects case 44 (as shown in Figure 4) and is responsible for caliber d
3Should satisfy with the ratio of the bore d of short tube experimental section 5 or long tube experimental section 6:
N is pipe row number in the formula.In addition, experimental section caliber d and collection case branch road aperture d
2Ratio should satisfy:
Viscosity measurement method according to the invention is not useable for the fluid viscosity of two-phase region and measures.
It is ± 1.5% that length pipe row proving installation according to the invention obtains the viscosity measuring error through the demarcation to water viscosity under the normal pressure.
The formula acquisition process of the method for the invention is:
1, the viscosity computing formula of desirable adiabatic isothermal horizontal tube;
Frictional pressure drop for single its import and export of horizontal tube is:
Δ P
fBe fluid flowing friction pressure drop in pipe, equal the pressure differential deltap P of fluid inlet and outlet under ideal conditions; L, d, A are respectively length, diameter and the sectional area of pipeline, and λ is called the darcy coefficient of friction resistance;
Be the fluid mass flow; ρ is the density of fluid; U is the cross section average velocity of fluid.Under laminar flow condition (Re＜2300), the darcy coefficient of friction resistance has theoretical solution:
Wherein,
is called Reynolds number; Characterize the ratio of fluid inertia force and viscous force, be used to differentiate the flow state of fluid; So can obtain the viscosity measure equation of horizontal tube under the ideal conditions (desirable adiabatic isothermal) be:
The viscosity computing formula of single horizontal length pipe when 2, obtaining actual measurement;
Formula (3) obtains under ideal conditions, and still, the pressure differential deltap P at the fluid inlet and outlet place of actual measurement not only comprises the frictional pressure drop Δ P of fluid in pipe
f, but also comprised that test splice, tube section distortion and experiment tube import and export institute cause shock resistance pressure drop Δ P
LocalThe shock resistance pressure drop is very big to the influence of viscosity measurement result, need manage its influence is offset, and therefore the present invention proposes length pipe mensuration.
Under adiabatic isothermy, be L when fluid flows through length
ShortShort tube the time pressure reduction that produced be:
ΔP
short＝ΔP
f，short+ΔP
Local，short (4)
When fluid flows through length is L
LongLong tube the time pressure reduction that produced be:
ΔP
long＝ΔP
f，long+ΔP
Local，long (5)
Wherein: Δ P
Short, Δ P
F, shortWith Δ P
Local, shortBe respectively actual pressure drop, frictional pressure drop and the local resistance pressure drop of short tube; Δ P
Long, Δ P
F, longWith Δ P
Local, longBe respectively actual pressure drop, frictional pressure drop and the local resistance pressure drop of long tube.Identical temperature, identical flow, identical caliber, identical pipe internal surface quality with the identical test splice condition of doing manual work under, the shock resistance pressure drop of short tube and the shock resistance pressure drop of long tube should be identical, promptly
ΔP
Local，short＝ΔP
Local，long (6)
Obtaining under the ideal conditions fluid thus, to flow through length be L=(L
Long-L
Short) the frictional resistance pressure drop that experimental section produced do
ΔP
f＝ΔP
f，long-ΔP
f，short＝ΔP
long-ΔP
short (7)
Its substitution formula (3) can be got:
Because the experiment that viscosity is measured is carried out under laminar flow condition; The differential pressure measurement precision is improved, and caliber just can not be too big, and formula (1) is implied under the situation of flow unchanged; Five powers of pressure reduction and bore are inversely proportional in the pipe; Therefore bore is more little, and pressure reduction is big more in the pipe, and its measuring accuracy is also high more; But bore is more little, and the flow in laminar flow condition is managed down is also more little, causes the measuring error of flow big more, takes all factors into consideration the measuring accuracy of flow and pressure reduction, and experiment tube internal diameter of the present invention satisfies condition: 0.800mm≤d≤1.100mm.
Length horizontal tube row's viscosity computing formula when 3, obtaining actual measurement;
For different temperatures operating mode down-off, along with the rising of temperature, the viscosity change of fluid is very big, and under the constant situation of caliber and Reynolds number, the flow of fluid is almost little of can't measurement.With water is example, and table 1 has provided the condition of Re=1000
The relation of flow and temperature when table 1 water viscosity is measured (Re=1000, d=1mm)
| Temperature/K | 288 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 |
| Flow/gs -1 | 0.883 | 0.668 | 0.296 | 0.178 | 0.671 | 0.549 | 0.145 | 0.082 |
The flow in the following single tube and the relation of temperature can be found out from table 1, change to 800K from room temperature; Guarantee that the Re number that flows is constant, flow changes to 0.082g/s from 0.883g/s, for high-pressure system; Promptly enable to measure so small flow, its relative error also can be very big.
For pipe row, wherein the pressure drop of each branch road single tube equals the total pressure drop of the row of pipe, so poor (the Δ P of length pipe row's pressure drop
Long-Δ P
Short) equaling pressure drop poor of single length pipe under this operating mode, the flow of individual tubes that different is is the 1/n of total flow, n for pipe row number so fluid viscosity measure equation (8) further develops does
N is pipe row number in the formula, and
is total mass rate.
A kind of assay method that is applicable to the high temperature and high pressure flow bulk viscosity of the present invention comprises following step:
Step 1: accurately measure and write down short tube experimental section 5 inner diameter d length L
Short, long tube 6 inner diameter d length L
Long
Step 2: the viscosity of treating fluid measured is estimated, and confirms that this fluid is 400 to 1500 o'clock pairing flow range of different temperatures at Re, so that regulate the flow of treating fluid measured in the measuring process;
Step 3: (being hydrodynamic pressure, differential pressure measurement equipment) such as test section 16 and pressure units carried out pump-down process: when measuring liquid viscosity; Gas in test section 16 and the pressure unit can influence the measurement of pressure, and and then bigger error appears when causing Fluid Computation viscosity;
Step 4: whether inspection pressure unit, thermopair and temperature controller 12 be in proper working order;
Step 5: measure fluid viscosity to be measured:
At first fixing hydrodynamic pressure to be measured; The flow and the temperature of fluid measured treated in adjusting; So that the import reynolds number Re of test section 16 reaches discreet value (400～1500); According to inlet temperature temperature controller 12 is set, let its automatically the control heat tracing power so that the fluid temperature (F.T.) in test section 16 exits equate with the inflow point fluid temperature (F.T.).After treating that temperature, pressure, flow are all stable, through temperature, pressure and flow value in the data acquisition system (DAS) record test macro, writing time is greater than 15s, and through data acquisition system (DAS) it averaged processing, obtains the total flow of measuring section after the processing
The inlet outlet pressure differential Δ P of short tube experimental section 5
Short, long tube experimental section 6 inlet outlet pressure differential Δ P
Long, arrange the viscosity measure equation according to the length pipe:
Calculate the viscosity of treating fluid measured under this temperature operating mode, wherein L
Long, Δ P
LongBe respectively the average length and the inlet outlet pressure differential of long tube experimental section 6; L
Short, Δ P
ShortBe respectively the average pipe range and the inlet outlet pressure differential of short tube experimental section 5; ρ is a fluid density to be measured;
Total mass flow rate for test section 16; N is pipe row number, n>=1; D is the mean inside diameter of length experiment tube.
Step 6: change test section 16 inlet temperatures, repeating step five carries out the measurement of next temperature operating mode viscosity, until fluid temperature (F.T.) to be measured reach required measurement the upper limit (≤800K);
Step 7: regulating system pressure; Repeating step five, step 6; Carry out the viscosity of next pressure working condition and measure, until hydrodynamic pressure to be measured reach required measurement the upper limit (≤100MPa), can obtain thus that fluid viscosity concerns with variation of temperature under the different pressures.
Under the condition of 0.800mm≤d≤1.100mm; Said viscosity mensuration is demarcated; Demarcate working medium and be the distilled water through second distillation, its calibration result is shown in accompanying drawing 5, and this calibration result is illustrated under the condition of uniform temp and uniform pressure; When changing in the scope of Re number at 400-1500 in the pipe, the viscosity measuring error of fluid is all in ± 1.5% error band.The variation of flow is to the not influence of viscosity measurement result in this this scope of explanation.
Accompanying drawing 6, accompanying drawing 7 are respectively and adopt the method for the invention to carry out normal-temperature water and normal temperature nitrogen viscosity is measured, and measurement result shows that adopting the method for the invention and device is that the error of measuring the viscosity of fluid between the 400-1500 is ± 1.5% at Reynolds number.
Claims (7)
1. a device that is applicable to that the high temperature and high pressure flow bulk viscosity is measured is characterized in that, comprises measuring system, heat tracing system and data acquisition system (DAS);
Measuring system is divided into short tube measure portion and long tube measure portion;
The short tube measure portion comprises short tube experimental section, the first collection case, the second collection case, first adapter, second adapter, first skirt, second skirt, four-way connection, first three-way connection, the first pressure pipe and second a pressure pipe;
The two ends of short tube experimental section are connected with the first collection case, the second collection case respectively; Have counterbore at the first collection case, the stable section of second collection in the case, the counterbore of the first collection case is used for connecting to be got first and presses pipe, and the counterbore of the second collection case is used for connecting to be got second and press pipe, and first presses pipe and second to press to manage is connected with the high-low pressure port of pressure difference transmitter; Between first collection case and first adapter, second collect between the case and second adapter and all be placed with wire netting; Between first adapter and first skirt, be fixedly connected between second adapter and second skirt; First skirt is connected with A2 mouth in the four-way connection; Second skirt is connected with B2 mouth in first three-way connection; Short tube is imported and exported the A1 mouth that thermopair feeds in the four-way connection and is inserted first skirt, and contact with wire netting between first adapter and the first collection case, is connected between short tube import and export thermopair and the four-way connection; Another short tube is imported and exported the B1 mouth that thermopair feeds in first three-way connection and is inserted second skirt, and contact with wire netting between second adapter and the second collection case, is connected between short tube import and export thermopair and the three-way connection; A3 in the four-way connection, A4 mouth are respectively fluid inlet to be measured and absolute pressure transducer interface;
The long tube measure portion comprises makes long tube, the 3rd collection case, the 4th collection case, the 3rd adapter, the 4th adapter, the 3rd skirt, the 4th skirt, second three-way connection, the 3rd three-way connection, the 3rd pressure pipe and the 4th pressure pipe;
The two ends of long tube are connected with the 3rd collection case, the 4th collection case respectively; Stable section in the 3rd collection case, the 4th collection case has counterbore, and the counterbore of the 3rd collection case is used to connect the 3rd pressure pipe, and the counterbore of the 4th collection case is used to connect the 4th pressure pipe; The 3rd pressure pipe, the 4th presses pipe to be connected with the high-low pressure port of pressure difference transmitter respectively; Between the 3rd collection case and the 3rd adapter, all be placed with wire netting between the 4th collection case and the 4th adapter, the 3rd collect between case and the 3rd adapter, the 4th collect between case and the 4th adapter and be fixedly connected; The 3rd skirt is connected with C2 mouth in second three-way connection; The 4th skirt is connected with D2 mouth in the 3rd three-way connection; Short tube is imported and exported the C1 mouth that thermopair feeds in second three-way connection and is inserted the 3rd skirt, and contact with wire netting between the 3rd adapter and the 3rd collection case, is connected between short tube import and export thermopair and second three-way connection; Another short tube is imported and exported the D1 mouth that thermopair feeds in the 3rd three-way connection and is inserted the 4th skirt, and contact with wire netting between the 4th adapter and the 4th collection case, is connected between short tube import and export thermopair and the 3rd three-way connection;
First three-way connection adopts guide wire to be connected with second three-way connection;
The heat tracing system comprises first insulation material, second insulation material, heat band, the first thermocouple signal line and second thermocouple signal line and the temperature controller;
Measuring system is formed test section, and first insulation material wraps in around the test section; Between second insulation material and first insulation material, be wound with the first heat band; The short tube of the D1 mouth in the A1 mouth in the four-way connection and the 3rd three-way connection is imported and exported thermopair and is connected the first thermocouple signal line and the second thermocouple signal line respectively; The first thermocouple signal line and the second thermocouple signal line insert the input terminal in the temperature controller, through the heating power of lead-out terminal control heating tape, make the first thermocouple signal line identical with the temperature indicating value in the second thermocouple signal line;
Middle pressure, pressure reduction, flow, the temperature of data acquisition system (DAS) monitoring in real time and record test section.
2. a kind of device that is applicable to that the high temperature and high pressure flow bulk viscosity is measured according to claim 1 is characterized in that described short tube experimental section is eight, and long tube is eight, and short tube experimental section and long tube are same tubing, its inner diameter d≤1.1mm.
3. a kind of device that is applicable to that the high temperature and high pressure flow bulk viscosity is measured according to claim 1 is characterized in that described thermopair is industrial one-level K type armouring thermoelectricity or platinum rhodium-platinum thermocouple.
4. a kind of device that is applicable to that the high temperature and high pressure flow bulk viscosity is measured according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described first collection case, the second collection case, the 3rd collection case, the 4th collection case are responsible for caliber d
3Should satisfy with the ratio of the bore d of short tube experimental section or long tube experimental section:
N is pipe row number in the formula.In addition, the bore d and the first collection case, the second collection case, the 3rd collection case, the 4th collection case branch road aperture d
2Ratio should satisfy:
5. an assay method that is applicable to the high temperature and high pressure flow bulk viscosity is characterized in that, comprises following step:
Step 1: accurately measure and write down short tube experimental section length L
Short, the long tube length L
Long
Step 2: the viscosity of treating fluid measured is estimated, and the Reynolds number of confirming this fluid is 400 to 1500 o'clock pairing flow range of different temperatures;
Step 3: test section and pressure unit are carried out pump-down process: when measuring liquid viscosity;
Step 4: whether inspection pressure unit, thermopair and temperature controller be in proper working order;
Step 5: measure fluid viscosity to be measured:
At first fixing hydrodynamic pressure to be measured; The flow and the temperature of fluid measured treated in adjusting; So that the import reynolds number Re of test section reaches discreet value 400～1500; According to inlet temperature temperature controller is set, let its automatically the control heat tracing power so that the fluid temperature (F.T.) in test section exit equate with the inflow point fluid temperature (F.T.); After treating that temperature, pressure, flow are all stable, through temperature, pressure and flow value in the data acquisition system (DAS) record test macro, writing time is greater than 15s, and through data acquisition system (DAS) it averaged processing, obtains the total flow of measuring section after the processing
The inlet outlet pressure differential Δ P of short tube experimental section
Short, the long tube experimental section inlet outlet pressure differential Δ P
Long, arrange the viscosity measure equation according to the length pipe:
Obtain treating under this temperature operating mode the viscosity of fluid measured, wherein L
Long, Δ P
LongBe respectively the average length and the inlet outlet pressure differential of long tube experimental section; L
Short, Δ P
ShortBe respectively the average pipe range and the inlet outlet pressure differential of short tube experimental section; ρ is a fluid density to be measured;
Total mass flow rate for test section; N is pipe row number, n>=1; D is the mean inside diameter of long tube, short experiment tube;
Step 6: change the test section inlet temperature, repeating step five carries out the measurement of next temperature operating mode viscosity, reaches the upper limit of required measurement until fluid temperature (F.T.) to be measured;
Step 7: regulate pressure, repeating step five, step 6 are carried out the viscosity of next pressure working condition and are measured, and reach the upper limit of required measurement until hydrodynamic pressure to be measured, obtain thus that fluid viscosity concerns with variation of temperature under the different pressures.
6. a kind of assay method that is applicable to the high temperature and high pressure flow bulk viscosity according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the described step 6: be limited to 800K on the fluid temperature (F.T.) to be measured.
7. a kind of assay method that is applicable to the high temperature and high pressure flow bulk viscosity according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the described step 7 hydrodynamic pressure to be measured on be limited to 100MPa.
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| CN103115850A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for testing flow resistance of dispersion system under high temperature and high pressure conditions |
| CN103969156A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-06 | 新疆石油勘察设计研究院（有限公司） | Method for predicting the maximum pipeline section length of flowing-through of pressurized crude oil |
| CN104502231A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-08 | 西安交通大学 | Double capillary viscometer for high temperature and high pressure and test method thereof |
| CN106769677A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-31 | 中国石油大学(北京) | The online viscosity detecting device of HTHP profit fluid-mixing and method |
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| CN103969156A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-06 | 新疆石油勘察设计研究院（有限公司） | Method for predicting the maximum pipeline section length of flowing-through of pressurized crude oil |
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| CN106769677A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-31 | 中国石油大学(北京) | The online viscosity detecting device of HTHP profit fluid-mixing and method |
| CN108169071A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-06-15 | 北京科技大学 | Oil viscosity detection device under a kind of ultra-high voltage environment |
| CN111307663A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-06-19 | 上海交通大学 | Gas viscosity measuring device |
| CN113374760A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-09-10 | 东营思达石油化工有限公司 | Hydraulic pipeline self-circulation device for preventing oil product emulsification and precipitation |
| CN116380409A (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-07-04 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Fusion reactor cladding ball bed high-temperature gas flow resistance characteristic measuring device and method |
| CN116380409B (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-08-08 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Fusion reactor cladding ball bed high-temperature gas flow resistance characteristic measuring device and method |
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