CN1204736A - 一种液压机 - Google Patents

一种液压机 Download PDF

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CN1204736A
CN1204736A CN98115659A CN98115659A CN1204736A CN 1204736 A CN1204736 A CN 1204736A CN 98115659 A CN98115659 A CN 98115659A CN 98115659 A CN98115659 A CN 98115659A CN 1204736 A CN1204736 A CN 1204736A
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hydraulic press
flank
jack shaft
tooth
denticle
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CN1103001C (zh
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T·泰赫森
H·C·佩特森
C·J·约翰森
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Danfoss powertrain systems Pty Ltd.
Danfoss Power Solutions ApS
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Danfoss AS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C2/00Rotary-piston engines
    • F03C2/08Rotary-piston engines of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/0057Driving elements, brakes, couplings, transmission specially adapted for machines or pumps
    • F04C15/0061Means for transmitting movement from the prime mover to driven parts of the pump, e.g. clutches, couplings, transmissions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/10Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F04C2/103Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member one member having simultaneously a rotational movement about its own axis and an orbital movement
    • F04C2/104Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member one member having simultaneously a rotational movement about its own axis and an orbital movement having an articulated driving shaft
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19949Teeth
    • Y10T74/19963Spur
    • Y10T74/19972Spur form

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种液压机,它具有一个通过一个中间轴(5)与一个输出轴不可转动地连接的按着轨道运行的偏转件,该中间轴至少在一端具有一个外齿体(6),该外齿体与一个内齿体相啮合,而该啮合容许中间轴的转动运动,本发明的范围是提高这种机器的负载能力,为此目的,该外齿体(6,7)具有齿(10),而齿(10)具有凹形的齿侧面(11,12),而该齿侧面(11,12)在轴向端部(15,16)的弯曲曲率小于在轴向中央区域的弯曲曲率。

Description

一种液压机
本发明涉及一种液压机,它具有一个通过一个中间轴与一个输出轴不可转动地连接的按着轨道运行的偏转件,该中间轴至少在一端具有一个外齿体,该外齿体与一个内齿体相啮合,而该啮合容许中间轴的转动运动。
这种机器例如从美国专利US 3973880可以得知。
这种机器例如可以用作马达,泵或者操纵装置。输出轴的功能取决于所希望的用途目的。当该机器用作马达时,马达通过输出轴输送其机械功率。当该机器用作泵时,其由输出轴驱动。在操纵装置的情况下,一个转向手轮可以与输出轴相连接。
在许多情况下,偏转件制成为一个齿轮,该齿轮与一个制成为环形齿轮的第二偏转件相配合。在运行期间,偏转件不仅进行纯粹的转动运动而且它还围绕输出轴的轴线进行轨道运动。设置一个还称为“狗骨”的中间轴,以便能够将该转动运动传递给输出轴。该中间轴必须容许所要求的转动运动。
在大多数情况下,中间轴比偏转件弱,而且也常常比输出轴弱。因此其限制了机器的负载能力。
本发明的任务是提高机器的负载能力。
在引言中所提到的那种液压机中,该任务的解决在于,外齿体具有齿,而该齿具有凹形齿侧面。该齿侧面在轴向端部的弯曲曲率小于在轴向中央区域的弯曲曲率。
齿侧面的弯曲型面这样制成,使得可利用的表面向着齿的轴向端部扩大。因此,齿的表面压力,即在齿侧面上的单位负荷,向着齿的轴向端部减小。该表面朝向轴向中央部分减小,因此,表面压力,即由该表面所分摊的作用力增加了。然而,在这里,该齿较厚,因此,其能够较为容易地承受负荷。就直至目前已知的情况来看,情况实际上是相反的。其中表面压力向着齿的轴向端部是增加的,其当然更容易引起损坏的危险。齿侧面是凹形弯曲的事实消除了产生尖锐的内边缘的必要。这减少了刻痕作用的危险,其又可以提高承载能力。所得到的一个附加优点是,磨损强度较低,运行性能较为稳定,因为,在所有其它情况相同的情况下,齿和相应的对置的齿体以降低的表面压力彼此支承着。利用该新的实施例,负荷实际上可以加倍,只要其它尺寸相同。这部分地是由于刻痕因素减少的结果,而刻痕对于应力值的降低起着很大的作用。另一个很大的贡献在于,与中间轴上带有“尖锐”齿的型面比较,本发明型面的支承或者承载能力提高了。
最好是,相邻齿的齿侧面通过一个连续的延伸型面而彼此连接起来。因此,齿间隙的底部也可以包括在弯曲型面中。这使齿侧面的连接无台阶,无折曲,这便可以改善运行性能和耐磨性和提高承载能力。
有利的是,在任何轴向位置,型面具有与齿侧面相同的弯曲曲率。每个垂直于轴向的截面因而将有持久不同的曲线,内齿体的对应的相对齿将可以在该曲线上滚动得很好。
在一个特别优选的实施例中,规定,基本上齿间隙的形状通过对置的截头锥体的部分的圆柱形表面区域来形成。当作一个平行于中间轴轴线的截面时,齿间隙的底部将包括两条在对置的方向倾斜的直线。由于生产技术的理由,与严格的直线形状有小小的偏离当然是容许的。然而,在轴向型面不再有不同的弯曲曲率。为此所要求的条件仅仅是,倾斜要适应中间轴分别相对于偏转件或者输出轴的转动角度。因此负荷可以在每个齿侧面的轴向延伸的半部分上较为均匀地分布,这又可以降低表面压力。
有利的是,齿间隙中间的底部具有相对于中间轴轴线在1°-10°范围内,特别是在1°-3.5°范围内的倾斜。这样的角度已经证明是合适的。在大多数情况下,它们完全足以容许偏转件的轨道运行。
有利的是,外齿体可以具有许多齿,其数目在3-10个范围内,特别是在8-12个范围内。这可以产生30°-45°范围内的啮合角度。该尺寸的啮合角度可以给予齿最长的寿命。通常,这可以产生较为稳定的运行性能。
有利的是,在轴向,内齿体具有一种恒定的形状。由于中间轴的外齿体的该实施例,分别在偏转件或者输出轴上的内齿体现在可以这样制成,使得它沿着轴向没有变化。这可以使内齿体更好地适应外齿体。
特别有利的是,基本上内齿体的齿的形状通过一个圆柱体的部分圆柱形表面区域来形成。的确,这会导致出现这种情况,在从齿侧面到齿间隙的过渡区域将会出现一个会引起一种刻痕作用的折曲部分。然而,其不会象在中间轴上那么关键,因为,在这里,部件的尺寸相应地较大,抵抗力较大。
下面,结合附图根据较佳实施例详细描述本发明,其中:
图1是通过液压机的示意纵向截面图;
图2带有外齿体的一个中间轴的一个端部的透视图。
液压机1,在本例中为一个马达,具有一个制成为一个齿轮的第一偏转件2,该齿轮与一个制成为一个环形齿轮的第二偏转件3相互配合。为此目的,齿轮2转动同时围绕一个轴线作轨道运动,也就是说,齿轮2的中心围绕该轴线进行转动。
所述的轴线同时是一个输出轴4的轴线,偏转件2与该输出轴4通过一个中间轴5不可转动地连接起来。当偏转件2转动一圈时,中间轴5必须能够进行某种转动运动,也就是说,它必须与偏转件2铰接起来。
为了能够进行该转动运动,中间轴的两个轴向端部具有一个外齿体6,7,该外齿体6与一个示意性地示出的在偏转件2上的内齿体8相啮合,而外齿体7与一个在输出轴4上的内齿体9相啮合。
现在根据图2说明外齿体的形状。然而,出于说明倾斜角的目的,所画出的细节的尺寸被放大了。
示于图2的中间轴5的外齿体6具有几个带有齿侧面11和12的齿10。齿侧面11和12是凹形弯曲。相邻齿的齿侧面11,12彼此相向延伸,也就是说,凹形弯曲面在齿间隙的底部13也是连续的。
齿间隙的齿侧面11,12和底部13的弯曲面这样成形,使得它从齿结构的轴向中央14向着轴向端部15,16扩张。它是这样示出的,即表示弯曲面形状的基本上轴向延伸的各条线17之间的距离在外齿体6的轴向端部处15,16比在其轴向中央处14的大。这还意味着,在齿侧面11,12上可利用的表面沿着齿体的轴向端部15,16的方向在扩大,因此,在作用力恒定的情况下,表面压力将减小。
在包围着齿侧面11,12和底部13的齿间隙的型面的任何轴向位置,可得到基本恒定的弯曲曲率。如果。在这样的位置,作出一个垂直于轴向的截面,那么该型面的截面实际上会具有弯曲线的形状。因此,包括齿侧面11,12和底部13的表面通过两个对置的截头锥体的圆柱形表面区域的一部分而形成。
这意味着,在两个齿10之间的中央处的底部13具有相对于中间轴5的轴线的某种倾斜。在本例中,该倾斜角在1°-3.5°的范围内。其取决于在运行期间中间轴5相对于轴4的轴线所采取的倾斜程度。然而,如上所述,图2的尺寸被大大地放大了。
与外齿体相互配合的对立齿体,即,例如,在偏转件3上的内齿体8可以通过其具有圆柱体的形状,分开地嵌入在偏转件3上的齿而容易地形成。因此,它们的形状在轴向没有变化。由于它们的形状,它们与图2所示的外齿体相互配合得很好,同时磨损小负载能力高。
如果合适的话,外齿体6,7可以具有8-12个齿。

Claims (8)

1.一种液压机,它具有一个通过一个中间轴与一个输出轴不可转动地连接的按着轨道运行的偏转件,该中间轴至少在一端具有一个外齿体,该外齿体与一个内齿体相啮合,而该啮合容许中间轴的转动运动,其特征在于,该外齿体(6,7)具有齿(10),而齿(10)具有凹形的齿侧面(11,12),而该齿侧面(11,12)在轴向端部(15,16)的弯曲曲率小于在轴向中央区域的弯曲曲率。
2.如权利要求1所述的液压机,其特征在于,相邻齿(10)的齿侧面(11,12)通过一个连续延伸的型面彼此连接起来。
3.如权利要求2所述的液压机,其特征在于,在任何轴向位置,型面具有与齿侧面(11,12)相同的弯曲曲率。
4.如权利要求1-3中任何一项所述的液压机,其特征在于,基本上,齿间隙的形状通过对置的截头锥体的部分的圆柱形表面区域而形成。
5.如权利要求1-4中任何一项所述的液压机,其特征在于,在齿间隙中间的底部(13)具有1°-10°范围内,特别是1°-3.5°范围内相对于中间轴(5)轴线的倾斜。
6.如权利要求1-5中任何一项所述的液压机,其特征在于,外齿体(6,7)具有许多齿,其数目为3-20个,特别是为8-12个。
7.如权利要求1-6中任何一项所述的液压机,其特征在于,沿着轴向,内齿体(8,9)具有恒定不变的形状。
8.如权利要求7所述的液压机,其特征在于,基本上,内齿体(8,9)的齿的形状通过一个圆柱体的圆柱形表面区域的一部分而形成。
CN98115659A 1997-07-01 1998-06-30 一种液压机 Expired - Lifetime CN1103001C (zh)

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DE19727887.6 1997-07-01
DE19727887A DE19727887C2 (de) 1997-07-01 1997-07-01 Hydraulische Maschine

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CN1204736A true CN1204736A (zh) 1999-01-13
CN1103001C CN1103001C (zh) 2003-03-12

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US (1) US6203439B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH1172001A (zh)
KR (1) KR100309048B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1103001C (zh)
BG (1) BG63471B1 (zh)
BR (1) BR9802392A (zh)
DE (1) DE19727887C2 (zh)
GB (1) GB2328249B (zh)
IT (1) ITTO980565A1 (zh)
PL (1) PL327051A1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2142053C1 (zh)

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CN105464896B (zh) * 2015-11-04 2020-01-03 岳德林 组合式电能液压转动机

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ITTO980565A0 (it) 1998-06-30
KR100309048B1 (ko) 2001-12-12
DE19727887C2 (de) 1999-04-15
BR9802392A (pt) 1999-06-08
KR19990013468A (ko) 1999-02-25
GB2328249B (en) 2001-07-25
GB2328249A (en) 1999-02-17
RU2142053C1 (ru) 1999-11-27
GB9814076D0 (en) 1998-08-26
CN1103001C (zh) 2003-03-12
BG102586A (en) 1999-01-29
US6203439B1 (en) 2001-03-20
PL327051A1 (en) 1999-01-04
ITTO980565A1 (it) 1999-12-30
DE19727887A1 (de) 1999-01-07
JPH1172001A (ja) 1999-03-16
BG63471B1 (bg) 2002-02-28

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