CN1203945C - Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology and equipment - Google Patents
Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1203945C CN1203945C CN 02133367 CN02133367A CN1203945C CN 1203945 C CN1203945 C CN 1203945C CN 02133367 CN02133367 CN 02133367 CN 02133367 A CN02133367 A CN 02133367A CN 1203945 C CN1203945 C CN 1203945C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a vacuum pressure casting technology of sand moulds, which is mainly characterized in that sand is used as a raw material uniformly stirred by resin or water, molding, patching and temperature ageing are carried out, and sand moulds are clamped and positioned. Melting liquid, a casting cup and the sand moulds are placed in a casting tank. When in work, vacuum pumping is firstly carried out, then casting, pressure cooling and solidification are carried out, and a tight casting structure is achieved. After pressure is released, doors are opened to take the sand moulds, and roughcast is obtained after sand is cleaned. The present invention also provides vacuum pressure casting equipment of sand moulds, which is formed by the way that sand mould pedestals, sand moulds, castings, a casting cup, casting ladles and molten metal are placed in a casting tank, doors are closed to form a system, and the external part of the casting tank is provided with a pressure meter, a negative pressure meter, and a vacuum pumping, pressurizing and exhausting device according to technological operation. The technology avoids shrinkage and hot cracking phenomena of castings, avoids the castings generating air holes and deficiencies, and has the advantages of thorough feeding and high density of formed castings. The vacuum pressure casting technology is suitable for producing airtight and leakproof castings bearing high strength, components bearing high pressure, main components with high accuracy, high density and high stability, scientific research choice goods and military matching products, and has quite broad popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of sand casting process and equipment, be particularly useful for making high-compactness, the demand of high quality casting product.
Background technology:
The ordinary sand casting cost is low in the existing casting technique.With short production cycle, but density of foundry goods tissue (pinhole rate) and castability can't guarantee, do not satisfy the supporting requirement of scientific research and war products; Die casting technology needs expensive steel mould again, and the production cycle is long, and bleb can't be eliminated; The gypsum mould precision casting can satisfy user's specification requirement substantially.But the gypsum mould hot investment casting needs expensive high-accuracy metal die.Gypsum moulding stoving time reached more than 50 hours, and energy resource consumption is huge.Because of gypsum mould does not possess ventilative function, the foundry goods of or wall thickness big for volume, the residual air after vacuumizing during casting will become a big chronic disease that produces casting defect.Therefore, more than the equal various degrees of original casting technique, dissimilar defectives and deficiency, little for amount especially, the quality requirement height, the short new product of cycle request can not meet the demands.Be to be machined to design size bit by bit with integral material to satisfy scientific research and requirement crucial, important military products part for a long time.But integral material expends that to add man-hour too many, and the production cycle is oversize, and poor because of the cold-worked material structure stability, for some accurate thin-wall parts, often occurs being worked into when last, and part is scrapped because of distortion.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of sand mould vacuum pressure casting process and equipment in order to overcome the deficiency of existing sand mold, gypsum mould, gravity die casting process and equipment, improves the density and the quality of cast product, satisfies scientific research, the supporting requirement of military products.
Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology step of the present invention is as follows:
A. moulding: select for use normal sands or geometry and intensity preferably cleaning quartz sand as the sand mold raw material, make it under the situation of proof strength, has gas permeability preferably, mix thoroughly with high-intensity resin, moulding, repair type, temperature timeliness, avoid sand mold when casting, to produce chemical gas, harm foundry goods.
B, with the sand mold after the timeliness with special fixture location, matched moulds, clamp, install " feeding water emit cup " after, be positioned in the casting pot.
C. will refine good molten metal is placed on the casting frame in the casting pot.
D. the casting pot door is shut rapidly, opened vacuum valve simultaneously, in 0.5～15 second, the air in the casting pot is taken out, make die cavity be in airfree state.
E. will be placed on the molten metal of casting on the frame and at the uniform velocity pour in the die cavity, with " feeding is watered and is emitted cup " ooze full till.
F. open high pressure valve rapidly, to pressurization, pressurize in the casting pot, 5～10 minutes dwell times, make molten metal be subjected to cooled and solidified under the situation of extraneous pressure in die cavity, to reach foundry goods institutional framework closely pressing time in 0.5～15 second.
G. put the gas in the casting pot, open casting pot, take out sand mold, can obtain the premium casting blank after the cleaning.
The pumpdown time was pressurizeed the time limit in 8 seconds in the above-mentioned technology in 8 seconds, and effect is good.
It is the core that the present invention innovates that this craft science is selected molding sand and bonding agent for use, uses the sand mold moulding, successfully uses vacuum casting processing to solidify principle.Because molding sand is positioned in the casting pot, will be in casting cycle through the positive pressure environment after negative pressure after vacuumizing and the pressurization, therefore high especially to the requirement of strength of sand mold, if sand mold intensity is not high, vacuumizing and pressurizeing that this can produce drop, the sand that collapses in a flash, so that foundry goods causes defectives such as burning into sand.Through comparative test, adopting common sand mold and corresponding bonding agent, particularly high grade quartz sand and high strength self-hardening resin is the moulding raw material, its moulding can be born ± the pressure reduction environment of 10kg and not drop, and air permeability and good is arranged.Under the casting high-temperature condition, produce the problem that chemical gas endangers foundry goods for the high strength self-hardening resin, adopted before casting and carry out 5～8 hours technology of temperature timeliness, make it discharge gas and stable moulding in advance.To the sand mold chosen before casting, specialized designs the matched moulds anchor clamps to guarantee the precision and the intensity of sand mold matched moulds.Owing to vacuumize is all air that impossible drain for a full due in the clean casting pot, if the exhaust of small portion of residual air is obstructed, will work the mischief to foundry goods.Therefore, this technology all is provided with rising head, and when making it vacuumize the back casting, the remaining a small amount of gas of die cavity all can be discharged from rising head.Can utilize the sand mold air permeability and good to be discharged for die cavity dead angle micro-air.Because foundry goods solidifies in the environment of pressurization, in the process that obtains the full texture foundry goods, shrinkage factor is very big.Remove under the unimpeded condition of assurance feeding passage, also must ensure enough feeding casting liquid and feeding temperature.For this reason, during this technological design casting system, be provided with " feeding is watered and emitted cup " (see figure 1), to satisfy the needs that foundry goods solidifies feeding.Correct control vacuumizes and the key that is the raising casting quality pressing time, after liquid to be cast fills up die cavity, is pressurized to certain pressure, and pressurize is 5～10 minutes then, puts the gases at high pressure in the casting pot, takes out sand mold, obtains the premium casting blank after the sand removal.
(3) process system principle analysis
Adopt the die cavity of vacuum die casting to select gypsum mould or metal mold usually for use, often can obtain the foundry goods of any surface finish.Yet the shortcoming of gypsum mould or metal mold maximum is not possess degassing function.After casting pot vacuumized, residual air was still in die cavity.In casting cycle, residual gas has increased the metal liquid stream dynamic resistance, will become the inevitable outcome of defective to the exhaust dead angle.This also is the reason that gypsum mould hot investment casting and metal mold hot investment casting only adapt to small-sized thin-section casting.So we select for use sand mold to make mold, successfully solve the sand mold short texture, have certain flexible characteristics, successfully avoided foundry goods to shrink decrepitation.(as Fig. 3,4).
Vacuumize, the main effect that makes the casting environment be in vacuum state is: avoid or reduce molten metal oxidation in casting cycle, guarantee the cleaning of molten metal and avoid foundry goods tissue formation slag inclusion.Reduce the die cavity air drag, improve the casting flowability of molten metal, avoid foundry goods to produce pore and defective.Do not have heat transfer medium, make molten metal in casting cycle, keep stable temperature.Helping controlling foundry goods cools off in proper order.Foundry goods shrinks in the cooled and solidified process, and volume is big more, and shrinkage factor is just big more.Pressurization can make the feeding passage more unimpeded, makes feeding more thorough.The foundry goods liquation of casting is cooled and solidified under pressure, is the effective means that forms the sound casting tissue.
After measured, the heavy 4.5kg of the V-type antenna holder of an ordinary sand casting; And the heavy 5Kg of the v antenna support of sand mould vacuum pressure casting.Thus, as can be seen the product of sand mould vacuum pressure casting than the product of ordinary sand casting than great 10%.
In the sand mould vacuum pressure Casting Equipment of the present invention, sand mold base 1, sand mold 2, foundry goods 3, water and emit cup 4, casting ladle 5, aluminum melt 6 all is loaded in the casting pot 7, casting pot 7 and door 8 form a system, casting pot 7 has Pressure gauge 9 and negative pressure of vacuum table 10, vacuum valve 11, pressure valve 12 is connected with air bleeding valve 13, vacuum valve is by vacuum-pumping tube 14 and vacuum tank 15, vavuum pump 16 is connected, pressure valve is by forcing pipe 17 and pressurized tank 18, air compressor machine 19 is connected, vacuum tank is equipped with pressure vacuum gauge 20, pressurized tank is equipped with safety valve 21 and Pressure gauge 22, and this system operation programs is by operating console 23 control (see figure 5)s.The equipment of sand mould vacuum pressure casting has well vacuum compression casting equipment and horizontal vacuum compression casting equipment, and the door 8 of well formula or horizontal equipment is opened (see figure 5) or side (see figure 6) above casting pot 7 respectively.Closing of casting pot door, available mechanical type manual opens and closes, also available pneumatic, hydraulic pressure, semi-automatic or automatic shutter; The rotation of molten metal casting ladle, available mechanical type manual upset, also available electric hydaulic, semiautomatic control upset; Vacuum Open valve and opened by pressure valve can be with manual, and also available electromagnetic valve is opened automatically; Air compressor machine, vavuum pump all can be provided with automatic control start-stop device.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: select for use sand mold to make flowability and venting quality that mold has successfully solved casting.The sand mold structure is comparatively loose to have certain elasticity, has avoided foundry goods to shrink decrepitation.Vacuumize the oxidation of avoiding or reducing molten metal, guarantee the cleaning of molten metal, foundry goods can not form slag inclusion.Can not produce pore and defective.Molten metal in casting cycle, keep stable temperature be beneficial to control foundry goods cool off in proper order.Pressurization can make the unimpeded feeding of feeding passage thorough.Foundry goods liquation cooled and solidified under pressure forms the high-compactness foundry goods.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a sand mould vacuum pressure casting casting pot schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is a plaster casting casting pot schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is that V-type support foundry goods cools off nonelastic contraction schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is a V-type support foundry goods cooling elastic shrinkage schematic diagram
Fig. 5 is a well vacuum compression casting sketch
Fig. 6 is a horizontal vacuum compression casting sketch
Sequence number among the figure: sand mold base (1), sand mold (2), foundry goods (3), water and emit power (4), casting ladle (5), aluminum melt (6), casting pot (7), door (8), Pressure gauge (9), negative pressure of vacuum table (10), vacuum valve (11), pressure valve (12), air bleeding valve (13), vacuum-pumping tube (14), vacuum tank (15), vavuum pump (16), forcing pipe (17), pressurized tank (18), press (19), pressure vacuum gauge (20), safety valve (21), Pressure gauge (22), operating console (23) is around casting frame (24), metal mold or gypsum mould (25), crackle (26).
The specific embodiment:
In Fig. 1, moulding: with quartz sand is the sand mold raw material, mixes thoroughly with the high strength self-hardening resin, moulding, repaiies type, temperature timeliness.Moulding can bear ± pressure reduction of 1 MPa, temperature timeliness 8 hours, casting pot peripheral hardware Pressure gauge 9, negative pressure of vacuum table 10, vacuum valve 11, pressure valve 12 and air bleeding valve 13, vacuum valve by vacuum tube 14 be connected with vacuum tank 15, vavuum pump 16, pressure valve 12 is connected with pressurized tank 18, air compressor machine 19 by forcing pipe 17, vacuum tank is equipped with Pressure gauge 20, and pressurized tank is equipped with safety valve 21 and Pressure gauge 22.
In Fig. 5, sand mold base 1 is put into casting pot 7, fix sand mold 2 matched moulds.Casting ladle 15 hangs on the casting frame 24, good and sound pouring cup emits cup 4 with watering, the aluminum solutions that refining is good is packed in the casting ladle, rotates with operating console 23 control casting ladles, at the uniform velocity evenly pours into liquation in the die cavity, with ooze completely water emit cup till, the opening pressure valve is increased to 0.8 MPa with pressure in the casting pot in 5 seconds, and pressurize was emitted gases at high pressure after 8 minutes, open casting pot door 8, take out sand mold, sand removal, acquisition blank.The aforesaid operations program is regulated and control by operating console.
Claims (5)
1. sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology is characterized in that processing step is as follows:
A. moulding: with normal sands or quartz sand is the sand mold raw material, mixes thoroughly, moulding, repaiies type, temperature timeliness with resin;
B. with sand mold location, matched moulds after the timeliness, clamp, install " feeding water emit cup ", place casting pot;
C. will refine good molten metal is placed on the casting frame in the casting pot;
D. close the casting pot door, open vacuum valve, the air in the casting pot was taken out between 0.5～15 second;
E. will be rotated in the molten metal of casting on the frame and at the uniform velocity pour in the die cavity, with " feeding is watered and is emitted cup " ooze full till;
F. open high pressure valve in the casting pot pressurization, pressurize, pressing time in 0.5～15 second, 5～10 minutes dwell times;
G. put the gas in the casting pot, open casting pot, take out sand mold, can obtain spray after the sand removal.
2. according to the said sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that: vacuumize the time limit in 8 seconds, the pressurization time limit is in 8 seconds.
3. according to the said sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that: before the casting sand mold was carried out the temperature timeliness 5～8 hours.
4. sand mould vacuum pressure Casting Equipment, it is characterized in that: sand mold base (1), sand mold (2), foundry goods (3), water and emit cup (4), casting ladle (5), aluminum melt (6) all is loaded in the casting pot (7), casting pot and door (8) form a system, casting pot has Pressure gauge (9) and negative pressure of vacuum table (10), vacuum valve (11), pressure valve (12) is connected with air bleeding valve (13), vacuum valve is by vacuum-pumping tube (14) and vacuum tank (15), vavuum pump (16) is connected, pressure valve (12) is by forcing pipe (17) and pressurized tank (18), air compressor machine (19) is connected, vacuum tank (15) is equipped with pressure vacuum gauge (20), pressurized tank is equipped with safety valve (21) and Pressure gauge (22), and this system operation programs is controlled by operating console (23).
5. sand mould vacuum pressure Casting Equipment according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: this equipment divides well vacuum compression casting equipment and horizontal vacuum compression casting equipment, and the door (8) of well formula or horizontal vacuum compression casting is opened top or the side at casting pot (7) respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133367 CN1203945C (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 | Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology and equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133367 CN1203945C (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 | Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology and equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1465458A CN1465458A (en) | 2004-01-07 |
| CN1203945C true CN1203945C (en) | 2005-06-01 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133367 Expired - Fee Related CN1203945C (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 | Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology and equipment |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN1203945C (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100464899C (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-03-04 | 济南铸锻所捷迈机械有限公司 | Aluminum alloy vacuum casting device |
| CN103433479B (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-07-08 | 河南正旭精密制造有限公司 | Thin-wall part casting process and casting cabin |
| CN105014042A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-11-04 | 烟台祥平冶金设备制造有限公司 | Pressure reduction-pressurization casting equipment and pressure reduction-pressurization casting technology |
| CN107243620A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-13 | 霍山县忠福机电科技有限公司 | A kind of wind-driven generator group wheel box high-pressure casting method |
| CN110560667A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-13 | 张志国 | Vacuum-pressure conversion casting infiltration method and equipment for metal matrix ceramic composite material |
| CN110026541B (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2021-08-17 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Vacuum melting and variable pressure solidification forming method for ultrathin-wall high-air-tightness aluminum alloy part |
| CN110918963A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-03-27 | 成都新航工业科技有限公司 | Casting ladle and casting equipment |
| CN114289705B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-11-03 | 江苏永瀚特种合金技术股份有限公司 | Process method for reducing shrinkage porosity in gravity casting process |
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- 2002-06-28 CN CN 02133367 patent/CN1203945C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN1465458A (en) | 2004-01-07 |
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| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
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| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Assignee: Chengdu Fujiang Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd Assignor: Li Zeqi Contract fulfillment period: 2006.3.1 to 2015.3.1 contract change Contract record no.: 2009510000141 Denomination of invention: Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology and equipment Granted publication date: 20050601 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 2009.11.3 |
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| LIC | Patent licence contract for exploitation submitted for record |
Free format text: EXCLUSIVE LICENSE; TIME LIMIT OF IMPLEMENTING CONTACT: 2006.3.1 TO 2015.3.1; CHANGE OF CONTRACT Name of requester: CHENGDU FUJIANG MACHINERY MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. Effective date: 20091103 |
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| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20050601 Termination date: 20110628 |