CN110918963A - Casting ladle and casting equipment - Google Patents
Casting ladle and casting equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110918963A CN110918963A CN201911051004.1A CN201911051004A CN110918963A CN 110918963 A CN110918963 A CN 110918963A CN 201911051004 A CN201911051004 A CN 201911051004A CN 110918963 A CN110918963 A CN 110918963A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- tank
- negative pressure
- ladle
- vacuum
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/04—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like tiltable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
Abstract
The invention discloses a casting ladle, which comprises a body with a containing cavity, a casting nozzle arranged above the body and an inclined plane, wherein the inclined plane is arranged between the lower position of the inner wall of the containing cavity, which is positioned below the casting nozzle, and the bottom surface of the containing cavity, and the occupied volume between the inner wall of the containing cavity and the inner wall of the containing cavity is equal to the volume of molten metal which cannot be poured out of the containing cavity during casting. The method and the device maximize the utilization of molten metal, reduce the waste of the molten metal and improve the quality of castings. The invention also discloses a casting device, which comprises a vacuum casting tank; casting a ladle; a positive pressure solenoid valve; a negative pressure solenoid valve; a speed reducing motor and a temperature sensor; a negative pressure sensor; a positive pressure sensor; an inclination angle sensor; and a casting control unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to casting equipment, in particular to a casting ladle and casting equipment.
Background
The traditional manual operation is adopted for casting, and the main problems are as follows:
1. the method comprises the following steps of generating waste due to excessive molten metal, increasing scrap return, increasing the molten metal smelting amount, wasting electric charge (the molten metal is less, and the smelting difficulty is reduced), wherein the residual material is generated in each casting of the conventional casting ladle, namely the molten metal in a containing cavity of the casting ladle cannot be poured out, 1.5 kg-2 kg of molten metal cannot be utilized every time after field weighing, the molten metal becomes scrap return, if the molten metal required by a casting is added into the casting ladle before casting, the weight of the molten metal required by the casting is insufficient after pouring, and the quality of the casting is influenced.
2. An operator cannot accurately control the process parameters, and the process parameters of different batches of the same product are different, so that the casting is sometimes qualified and sometimes unqualified.
3.① casting speed is too high, so that molten metal enters a shell at too high speed, splashing (scattered aluminum drops are easy to oxidize and cause oxidation inclusions), abnormal flow (the molten metal cannot enter the shell in sequence due to the abnormal flow, a plurality of molten metal surround a cavity and form pores through subsequent pressurization and shrinkage, an oxide layer at the front end of the abnormal flow cannot break mutual fusion to cause cold shut), ② casting speed is too low, if the temperature of the shell and the molten metal is low, so that the casting cannot be fully poured, the filling is not good, ③ casting speed is unreasonable (too slow or too fast), so that the casting which cannot better meet the process requirements is sequentially solidified, and the casting is loosened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: provided are a ladle and a casting apparatus.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a casting ladle, includes the body that has the chamber of holding and sets up the casting nozzle in the body top, still includes:
and the inclined plane is arranged between the position of the inner wall of the containing cavity below the casting nozzle and the bottom surface of the containing cavity, and the occupied volume between the inclined plane and the corresponding inner wall of the containing cavity is equal to the volume of the molten metal which cannot be poured out of the containing cavity during casting.
The inclined plane is a plane.
A casting apparatus comprising:
a vacuum casting tank;
the casting ladle is arranged in the vacuum casting tank and is fixedly arranged on the dumping mechanism;
the positive pressure electromagnetic valve is arranged at a pressurizing opening of the vacuum casting tank;
the negative pressure electromagnetic valve is arranged at an air exhaust port of the vacuum casting tank;
the output shaft of the speed reducing motor is connected with the input shaft of the coupler of the dumping mechanism;
the temperature sensor is arranged on the surface opposite to the inclined surface and used for acquiring the temperature value of the molten metal in the containing cavity;
the negative pressure sensor is used for acquiring a negative pressure value in the vacuum casting tank;
the positive pressure sensor is used for acquiring a positive pressure value in the vacuum casting tank;
an inclination angle sensor for acquiring an inclination angle of the ladle;
the casting control unit is used for controlling the negative pressure electromagnetic valve to open to vacuumize the vacuum casting tank before casting starts, and controlling the negative pressure electromagnetic valve to close to stop vacuuming the vacuum casting tank when the obtained negative pressure value is equal to a preset negative pressure value; when the obtained temperature value is equal to the preset temperature value and the obtained negative pressure value is equal to the preset negative pressure value, the temperature value and the negative pressure value are used for controlling the speed reducing motor to start working, and the speed reducing motor rotates to drive the input shaft of the coupler of the dumping mechanism to rotate so as to enable the casting ladle to incline; the speed reducing motor is used for controlling the speed reducing motor to stop working when the acquired inclination angle is equal to a preset inclination angle; when the speed reducing motor stops working, the speed reducing motor is used for starting mold filling pouring timing; when the mold filling casting timing is equal to the preset casting timing, the mold filling casting timing is used for controlling the positive pressure electromagnetic valve to be opened to charge air in the vacuum casting tank; when the obtained positive pressure value is equal to the preset positive pressure value, the positive pressure solenoid valve is controlled to be closed to stop inflating the vacuum casting tank and start pressure maintaining timing, and when the pressure maintaining timing is equal to the preset pressure maintaining timing, the positive pressure solenoid valve is used for sending a pouring completion instruction.
The temperature sensor is arranged at a position close to the bottom surface of the accommodating cavity.
And a heat conduction mounting seat is arranged between the temperature sensor and the surface opposite to the inclined surface.
The dumping mechanism comprises a first hook, a second hook, a coupling and a fixing frame; the first hook and the second hook are respectively fixed on the top wall of the vacuum casting tank; the coupling is arranged in the vacuum casting tank, the input shaft of the coupling extends out of the vacuum casting tank, and the output shaft of the coupling is positioned in the vacuum casting tank; the fixed frame is fixed with a casting ladle which is provided with two opposite rotating shafts which respectively extend outwards, the two rotating shafts are respectively and movably hung in the first hook and the second hook, and one rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft of the coupling.
Compared with the prior art, the casting ladle is provided with the inclined surface, the volume occupied between the inclined surface and the corresponding inner wall of the accommodating cavity is equal to the volume of the molten metal which cannot be poured out of the accommodating cavity during casting, the molten metal required by the casting is placed in the casting ladle before casting, and the molten metal required by the casting in the accommodating cavity can be completely poured into a mold during casting and pouring, so that the molten metal in the accommodating cavity can be utilized to the maximum extent, the waste of the molten metal is reduced, and the quality of the casting can be improved. The casting equipment can ensure that the molten metal in the containing cavity is completely poured into the mold, and can accurately quantify main technical parameters such as the temperature, the casting time (or casting speed, subsection), the vacuum degree, the pressurizing pressure, the pressurizing time and the like of the molten metal during pouring, so that production can be strictly executed according to the process, the rejection of parts caused by artificial factors is greatly reduced, and the safety of the pouring process and the quality of the casting are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a ladle according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a left side view of a ladle according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of a ladle according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along a-a of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the casting apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a front view of the casting apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a left side view of the casting apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an electrical connection structure of the positive pressure electromagnetic valve 7, the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 8, the speed reduction motor 9, the temperature sensor 10, the negative pressure sensor 11, the positive pressure sensor 12, the inclination angle sensor 13, the casting control unit 14 and the prompting unit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described with reference to examples.
Fig. 1-4 illustrate one embodiment of a ladle among many embodiments of the present invention. The ladle 1 comprises a body 2, a pouring nozzle 3 and an inclined surface 4.
The body 2 is shaped like a circular truncated cone, and has a containing cavity 5, and the containing cavity 5 is used for containing molten metal, such as molten aluminum. The casting nozzle 3 is arranged above the body 2 and is communicated with the containing cavity 5. The casting nozzle 3 can conveniently pour molten metal in the accommodating cavity 5 into a mould.
The inclined plane 4 is arranged between the position of the inner wall of the containing cavity 5 below the casting nozzle 3 and the bottom surface of the containing cavity 5, and the occupied volume between the inclined plane and the inner wall corresponding to the containing cavity 5 is equal to the volume of the molten metal which cannot be poured out of the containing cavity during casting.
The inclined plane 4 is a plane.
Fig. 5-8 illustrate an embodiment of a casting apparatus among many embodiments of the present invention. The casting equipment comprises a casting ladle 1, a vacuum casting tank 6, a positive pressure electromagnetic valve 7, a negative pressure electromagnetic valve 8, a speed reducing motor 9, a temperature sensor 10, a negative pressure sensor 11, a positive pressure sensor 12, an inclination angle sensor 13 and a casting control unit 14.
The vacuum casting tank 6 is substantially cylindrical with one end closed, and the other end which is not closed is a front tank door 15, and during casting, the front tank door 15 is hermetically sealed, for example, by a front tank door panel (not shown). The vacuum casting tank 6 is horizontally placed, the top of the vacuum casting tank is provided with a top tank door 16, the casting ladle 1 is hung into the vacuum casting tank 6 through the top tank door 16 and is fixedly arranged on the dumping mechanism before casting, and during casting, the top tank door 16 is hermetically sealed, for example, the top tank door 16 is hermetically sealed through a top tank door plate (not shown in the figure). The side of the vacuum casting tank 6 is also provided with an observation hole 17. The viewing aperture 17 is hermetically closed by a transparent material. The dumping mechanism comprises a first hook 20, a second hook 21, a coupling 22 and a fixed frame 23; the first hook 20 and the second hook 21 are respectively fixed on the top wall of the vacuum casting tank 6; the coupling 22 is arranged in the vacuum casting tank 6, the input shaft of the coupling extends out of the vacuum casting tank 6, and the output shaft of the coupling is positioned in the vacuum casting tank 6; the fixing frame 23 is fixed to the ladle and has two opposite rotating shafts extending outward respectively, the two rotating shafts are movably hung in the first and second hooks respectively so as to hang the fixing frame 23 for the first and second hooks, and one of the rotating shafts is connected with an output shaft of the coupling 22. For example, the fixing frame 23 has a through hole, and the ladle is fixedly sleeved in the through hole so as to be fixedly mounted on the fixing frame 23.
The positive pressure electromagnetic valve 7 is installed at a pressurizing port of the vacuum casting tank 6, and the pressurizing port is communicated or disconnected with an air compressor (not shown in the figure) by controlling the opening or closing of the positive pressure electromagnetic valve 7.
The negative pressure electromagnetic valve 8 is installed at an air suction port of the vacuum casting tank, and the air suction port is communicated with or disconnected from a vacuum pump (not shown in the figure) by controlling the opening or closing of the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 8.
An output shaft of the gear motor 9 is connected with an input shaft of a coupling of the pouring mechanism, and the input shaft of the coupling of the pouring mechanism is driven to rotate through the rotation of the output shaft of the gear motor 9, so that the casting ladle 1 is at a required inclination angle, and the metal melt in the casting ladle 1 is poured into a mold.
The temperature sensor 10 is disposed on a surface of the ladle 1 opposite to the inclined surface, and is configured to obtain a temperature value of the molten metal in the accommodating chamber 5. The temperature sensor 10 is arranged at the position of the casting ladle 1 close to the bottom surface of the accommodating cavity 5, so that the position of the temperature sensor 10 is always lower than the surface of the molten metal no matter how much or little the molten metal is in the casting ladle 1, the influence of other unnecessary heat loss is avoided, the measured temperature and the temperature of the molten metal form a relatively linear relation, and the precision of the measured temperature can be improved. A heat conduction mounting seat 19 is arranged between the surface of the temperature sensor 10 opposite to the inclined surface 4, and meanwhile, the temperature borne by the temperature sensor 10 can be controlled within the temperature range which can be borne by the temperature sensor 10 by controlling the thickness or the shape of the heat conduction mounting seat 19, so that the temperature sensor 10 is prevented from being damaged, and the service life is prolonged.
The negative pressure sensor 11 is installed in the vacuum casting tank 6 and used for acquiring a negative pressure value in the vacuum casting tank 6.
The positive pressure sensor 12 is installed in the vacuum casting tank 6 and is used for acquiring a positive pressure value in the vacuum casting tank 6.
The inclination angle sensor 13 is attached to the vacuum ladle 1, and is used to obtain the inclination angle of the ladle 1.
The casting control unit 14 is installed to the vacuum casting tank 6. The casting control unit 14 is used for controlling the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 8 to open to vacuumize the vacuum casting tank 6 before casting starts, and when the obtained negative pressure value is equal to the preset negative pressure value, the casting control unit 14 controls the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 8 to close to stop vacuuming the vacuum casting tank 6. When the obtained temperature value is equal to the preset temperature value and the obtained negative pressure value is equal to the preset negative pressure value, the casting control unit 14 is used for controlling the speed reducing motor 9 to start working, and the speed reducing motor 9 rotates to drive the input shaft of the coupler of the pouring mechanism to rotate so as to enable the casting ladle 1 to incline. The casting control unit 14 controls the reduction motor 9 to stop operating when the acquired tilt angle is equal to a predetermined tilt angle. When the deceleration motor 9 stops operating, the casting control unit 14 starts the mold filling and casting timing. When the mold filling and casting time is equal to the preset casting time, the casting control unit 14 controls the positive pressure electromagnetic valve 12 to be opened to charge air into the vacuum casting tank 6. When the obtained positive pressure value is equal to the preset positive pressure value, the casting control unit 14 controls the positive pressure electromagnetic valve 12 to close to stop inflating the vacuum casting tank 6 and start pressure maintaining timing, and when the pressure maintaining timing is equal to the preset pressure maintaining timing, the casting control unit 14 is configured to send a casting completion instruction, for example, the casting completion instruction sent by the casting control unit 14 is transmitted to the sound prompt unit 18 to prompt an operator that casting is completed, and the display may display various working states of the device.
The casting control unit may be, but is not limited to, a PLC.
Before casting, the molten metal is charged into the ladle 1 through the top door 16, and the top door 16 and the front door 15 are hermetically closed by respective door panels (not shown). The casting control unit 14 controls the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 8 to be opened to vacuumize the vacuum casting tank 6. The temperature sensor 10 obtains the temperature value of the molten metal in the accommodating cavity 5, and the negative pressure sensor 11 obtains the negative pressure value in the vacuum casting tank 6. When the obtained temperature value is equal to the preset temperature value and the obtained negative pressure value is equal to the preset negative pressure value, the casting control unit 14 controls the speed reducing motor 9 to start working, the speed reducing motor 9 rotates to drive the input shaft of the coupler of the pouring mechanism to rotate so as to enable the casting ladle 1 to incline, meanwhile, the inclination angle sensor 13 obtains the inclination angle of the casting ladle 1, when the obtained negative pressure value is equal to the preset negative pressure value, the casting control unit 14 controls the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 8 to be closed to stop vacuumizing the vacuum casting tank 6, and when the obtained inclination angle is equal to the preset inclination angle, the casting control unit 14 controls the speed reducing motor 9 to stop working. When the deceleration motor 9 stops operating, the casting control unit 14 starts the mold filling and casting timing. When the mold filling and casting time is equal to the preset casting time, the casting control unit 14 controls the positive pressure electromagnetic valve 12 to be opened to charge air into the vacuum casting tank 6. The positive pressure sensor acquires a positive pressure value in the vacuum casting tank 6, when the acquired positive pressure value is equal to a preset positive pressure value, the casting control unit 14 controls the positive pressure electromagnetic valve 12 to be closed to stop inflating the vacuum casting tank 6 and start pressure maintaining timing, and when the pressure maintaining timing is equal to the preset pressure maintaining timing, the casting control unit 14 is configured to issue a casting completion instruction, for example, the casting completion instruction transmission sound prompt unit 18 issued by the casting control unit 14 prompts an operator that casting is completed. During the casting process, an operator can observe the casting process in the vacuum casting tank 6 through the observation hole 17.
The invention can ensure that the molten metal required by the casting piece in the containing cavity is completely poured into the mould, and can accurately quantify the main technical parameters of the molten metal such as temperature, casting time (or casting speed, subsection), vacuum degree, pressurizing pressure, pressurizing time and the like during pouring, thereby ensuring that production can be strictly executed according to the process, greatly reducing the rejection of parts caused by human factors, and improving the safety of the pouring process and the quality of the casting.
It should be noted that the various features described in the foregoing embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in any further detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, which are illustrative rather than restrictive, and variations and modifications thereof are possible within the scope of the present invention without departing from the general inventive concept.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a casting ladle, includes the body that has the chamber of holding and sets up the casting nozzle in the body top, its characterized in that still includes:
and the inclined plane is arranged between the position of the inner wall of the containing cavity below the casting nozzle and the bottom surface of the containing cavity, and the occupied volume between the inclined plane and the corresponding inner wall of the containing cavity is equal to the volume of the molten metal which cannot be poured out of the containing cavity during casting.
2. A ladle according to claim 1, wherein the ramp is planar.
3. A casting apparatus, comprising:
a vacuum casting tank;
a ladle according to claim 1 or 2, which is provided in a vacuum casting vessel and which is fixedly mounted to a pouring mechanism;
the positive pressure electromagnetic valve is arranged at a pressurizing opening of the vacuum casting tank;
the negative pressure electromagnetic valve is arranged at an air exhaust port of the vacuum casting tank;
the output shaft of the speed reducing motor is connected with the input shaft of the coupler of the dumping mechanism;
the temperature sensor is arranged on the surface opposite to the inclined surface and used for acquiring the temperature value of the molten metal in the containing cavity;
the negative pressure sensor is used for acquiring a negative pressure value in the vacuum casting tank;
the positive pressure sensor is used for acquiring a positive pressure value in the vacuum casting tank;
an inclination angle sensor for acquiring an inclination angle of the ladle;
the casting control unit is used for controlling the negative pressure electromagnetic valve to open to vacuumize the vacuum casting tank before casting starts, and controlling the negative pressure electromagnetic valve to close to stop vacuuming the vacuum casting tank when the obtained negative pressure value is equal to a preset negative pressure value; when the obtained temperature value is equal to the preset temperature value and the obtained negative pressure value is equal to the preset negative pressure value, the temperature value and the negative pressure value are used for controlling the speed reducing motor to start working, and the speed reducing motor rotates to drive the input shaft of the coupler of the dumping mechanism to rotate so as to enable the casting ladle to incline; the speed reducing motor is used for controlling the speed reducing motor to stop working when the acquired inclination angle is equal to a preset inclination angle; when the speed reducing motor stops working, the speed reducing motor is used for starting mold filling pouring timing; when the mold filling casting timing is equal to the preset casting timing, the mold filling casting timing is used for controlling the positive pressure electromagnetic valve to be opened to charge air in the vacuum casting tank; when the obtained positive pressure value is equal to the preset positive pressure value, the positive pressure solenoid valve is controlled to be closed to stop inflating the vacuum casting tank and start pressure maintaining timing, and when the pressure maintaining timing is equal to the preset pressure maintaining timing, the positive pressure solenoid valve is used for sending a pouring completion instruction.
4. The casting apparatus of claim 3, wherein the temperature sensor is disposed proximate a bottom surface of the receiving cavity.
5. The casting apparatus of claim 3, wherein a thermally conductive mount is provided between the temperature sensor and a side of the temperature sensor opposite the sloped surface.
6. The casting apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pouring mechanism comprises first and second hooks, an adapter, and a holder; the first hook and the second hook are respectively fixed on the top wall of the vacuum casting tank; the coupling is arranged in the vacuum casting tank, the input shaft of the coupling extends out of the vacuum casting tank, and the output shaft of the coupling is positioned in the vacuum casting tank; the fixed frame is fixed with a casting ladle which is provided with two opposite rotating shafts which respectively extend outwards, the two rotating shafts are respectively and movably hung in the first hook and the second hook, and one rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft of the coupling.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911051004.1A CN110918963A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Casting ladle and casting equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911051004.1A CN110918963A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Casting ladle and casting equipment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110918963A true CN110918963A (en) | 2020-03-27 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911051004.1A Pending CN110918963A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Casting ladle and casting equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN110918963A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112371944A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-02-19 | 蚌埠隆华压铸机有限公司 | Robot gets a spraying and gives hot water buffer |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112371944A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-02-19 | 蚌埠隆华压铸机有限公司 | Robot gets a spraying and gives hot water buffer |
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Application publication date: 20200327 |
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