CN1202829A - 保藏微生物的方法 - Google Patents
保藏微生物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1202829A CN1202829A CN96198528A CN96198528A CN1202829A CN 1202829 A CN1202829 A CN 1202829A CN 96198528 A CN96198528 A CN 96198528A CN 96198528 A CN96198528 A CN 96198528A CN 1202829 A CN1202829 A CN 1202829A
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Abstract
提供了保藏包括病毒的微生物以保持其感染性的方法,还提供了这类方法在制备例如疫苗中的应用。
Description
本发明涉及保藏微生物使它们保持其感染性的方法。具体地说,本发明涉及保藏病毒粒子的方法。
在有关微生物贮藏中会出现贮藏/生存力问题。特别是用于如下用途的病毒粒子在贮藏中会出现问题:
(a)用于例如基因疗法的病毒载体;
(b)用于普通研究进程的病毒在例如培养库中的贮藏;
(c)用于释放入环境以控制农业病虫害的病毒;和
(d)疫苗。
包括病毒粒子的疫苗的应用已有若干年了。但是必须要求这类疫苗可以在贮藏时,有时长期贮藏下,它的病毒成分不会失去其感染性。常用的贮藏方法包括冷冻或冷冻干燥,后一种方法通常包括在后阶段用水使之恢复水分。遗憾的是,有些病毒在受这些处理时会降低生存力/感染性。
有一种不适合于上述贮藏的病毒是脊髓灰质炎病毒。这种病毒容易在室温下的水悬浮液中降解,它只能在0℃下稳定两周且可被冷冻干燥破坏。对于这种病毒,优选的贮藏方法包括在-70℃下冷冻或在4℃下冷藏。然而,这种贮藏条件不很适合于热带国家或者实际上缺乏所需设施和设备的国家。
国际申请No PCT/GB94/02495公开了包含溶于疏水相的亲水性物质的组合物,以及它们的制备方法。英国申请No.9424901.8公开了PCT/GB94/02495中描述的组合物,该组合物中掺有有助于将亲水性物质保持在疏水相中的其它成分。英国申请No.9424902.6公开了PCT/GB94/02495中描述的组合物,该组合物中掺有能帮助形成该组合物的成分。
此外,英国专利申请No.9422990.3公开了免疫原性组合物,它包括溶于、悬浮于或分散于疏水相的免疫原。该免疫原可以是病毒而且该组合物适用作疫苗。
现已发现,微生物、特别是病毒粒子例如脊髓灰质炎病毒粒子,可被转化成适于在室温下长期贮藏的形式,当它在水介质中恢复水分后能保持感染性。所以,这类组合物具有特别的优势以用于通常的贮藏方法较不适合的国家,从而提供有效方法,通过该方法可运输和贮藏这类病毒而不需深度冷冻或长期冷藏。
因此,本发明的第一个方面提供了贮藏微生物使它们保持感染性的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(i)将微生物与两亲物结合;和
(ii)使微生物溶于、悬浮于或分散于疏水相中。
在一个优选的实施方案中,该微生物是病毒粒子,特别是脊髓灰质炎病毒粒子。
实施上述方法的合适方法有描述于PCT/GB94/02495、UK9424901.8、UK9424902.6和UK9422990.3中的那些。
疏水性溶剂例如可以是长链脂肪酸,中链醇,支化长链醇、单酸甘油酯,甘油二酯,中链甘油三酯,长链甘油三酯,其卤化(如氟化)类似物,或含聚氧乙烯的脂质。
在特定实施方案中,疏水性溶剂是单酸甘油酯,甘油二酯或甘油三酯,或油酸。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本方法包括:
(i)将微生物与两亲物共分散于液体介质中;
(ii)除去液体介质而余下大量两亲物分子,它们的亲水性首基朝向微生物;和
(iii)在微生物/两亲物排列物周围提供非水溶剂。
该液体介质可以是水,且它可通过例如冷冻干燥、离心真空干燥或以其它任何合适方法除去。
在上述方法中,合适的两亲物是磷脂,例如具有磷脂酰胆碱首基的那种,如磷脂酰胆碱(PC),溶血磷脂酰胆碱(lyso-PC),鞘磷脂或它们中之一的衍生物如十六烷基磷酸胆碱或者含有磷酸胆碱的两亲聚合物。胆汁盐,糖脂,含聚氧乙烯的表面活性剂,亲脂性硫酸酯、三甲铵内酯,含肌氨酸的表面活性剂,Solulan C24,聚氧乙烯40硬脂酸酯,Tween系列表面活性剂之一,Span系列表面活性剂之一,或pegolated蓖麻油衍生物,如Cremaphor EL35。
不想受以下所说的束缚,但认为在上述方法中,例如病毒粒子的微生物先与两亲物分子形成一排。然后再用疏水性溶剂包覆这一排物质。这样使水向微生物的接近受限制,它反过来是微生物制剂从冷冻干燥状态恢复水分时贮藏性能提高的原因。
本发明的第二个方面提供了贮藏微生物使它们保持感染性的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(i)使微生物与两亲物在水相中结合;和
(ii)除去水。
优选是通过冷冻干燥除去水的。
该两亲物可以是磷脂,例如具有磷脂酰胆碱首基的那种,如磷脂酰胆碱(PC),溶血磷脂酰胆碱(lyso-PC),鞘磷脂或它们中之一的衍生物如十六烷基磷酸胆碱或者含有磷酸胆碱的两亲聚合物。胆汁盐,糖脂,含聚氧乙烯的表面活性剂,亲脂性硫酸酯,三甲铵内酯,含肌氨酸的表面活性剂,Solulan C24,聚氧乙烯40硬脂酸酯,Tween系列表面活性剂之一,Span系列表面活性剂之一,或pegolated蓖麻油衍生物,如Cremaphor EL35。
在这方面的一个特别优选的实施方案中,该两亲物是Solulan C24,聚氧乙烯40硬脂酸酯,Tween系列表面活性剂之一,Span系列表面活性剂之一或pegolated蓖麻油衍生物,如Cremaphor EL35。在特别优选的实施方案中,该两亲物是Solulan C24或聚氧乙烯40硬脂酸酯。
有可能在脱除水时,该两亲物/微生物排列物将处于“开放”形式。于是,在恢复水分时水仍可接近微生物而使之失去感染性。因此,在本发明该方面的另一个优选的实施方案中,该方法还包括在脱除水后将混合物温度升高的步骤。这可保证两亲物/微生物排列物所处的结构更为紧缩,它反过来在恢复水分时更加限制水的接近。
当采用加热步骤时,该两亲物应是在脱水步骤之后保持固态的那种,例如它可选自磷脂,如卵磷脂,糖脂,含聚氧乙烯的表面活性剂,亲脂性硫酸酯,三甲铵内酯,含肌氨酸的表面活性剂,Solulan C24,聚氧乙烯40硬脂酸酯,Tween系列表面活性剂之一,Span系列表面活性剂之一或pegolated蓖麻油衍生物,如Cremaphor EL35。
本发明的其它方面包括:
i)可通过文中所述任何方法获得的微生物组合物,特别是包括病毒粒子如脊髓灰质炎病毒粒子的微生物组合物;和
ii)本发明的组合物在贮藏病毒粒子方面的应用。
本发明各方面的优选特征在各方面相互之间已作必要的修正。
现将参照下述实施例阐述本发明,但不能认为下述实施例以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1
每ml培养物含109个脊髓灰质炎病毒粒子(Sabin株,1、2、3型)的悬浮液用蒸馏水稀释1000倍。将1ml稀释后的悬浮液与1ml超声处理过的大豆磷脂在蒸馏水中的分散液(浓度为100mg/ml)混合。预备其中只含病毒而未加磷脂的对照小瓶。
将两种小瓶的内含物在液氮中进行套管冷冻(shell-frozen)并冻干一夜。第二天,将1ml油酸加入含病毒和磷脂的小瓶,再将瓶中内含物在辊式混合机上混合数小时。得澄清溶液。
如上述那样预备脊髓灰质炎病毒的对照小瓶。在该只含病毒的对照小瓶中加入1ml培养基。
将10μl油/病毒制剂转入新的小瓶,再加入1ml 2%牛胆汁提取物(主要含牛磺胆酸钠)的溶液。充分摇荡该混合物使油分散于水中,目的是使粒子释放入水相。在培养基中作10倍连续稀释,各稀释液均取0.5ml加至Viro细胞的铺续满单层上,并培养4天,测试完整病毒的存在。接着对于对照小瓶的内含物进行相同的操作。通过目视观测各单层中病毒引起的细胞溶解估测生长情况。对两组稀释物的生长情况记录如下:冻干物的稀释度 102 103 104 105 106存在的病毒粒子(每ml) 104 103 102 10 1油基冻干物 + + + + -无油冻干物 + + - - -
这些结果表明,与只冷冻干燥相比,本发明的方法显然提高了贮藏的小瓶制剂的生存力。
实施例2
将含5×108个粒子/ml(旋转以除去污染蛋白质)的病毒悬浮液(Sabin株,1、2、3型)稀释50倍,是通过将200μl该悬浮液加入9.9ml蒸馏水而进行稀释的,所得浓度为107个粒子/ml。将此悬浮液分成各为2.5ml的四等份,再分配入7ml螺塞小玻璃瓶。将一个等分样用于该实验中,而将两个用于实施例3中所述实验中。
在轻轻混合下将2.5ml超声处理过的磷脂分散液(100mg/ml)加入稀释后的病毒粒子等分样中。取200μl该混合物分配入20个冻干小瓶中,余下的混合物以100μl等分样形式转入作为“预干燥”对照组的其它管中。将对照组在+4℃下贮藏一夜。将冻干小瓶置于冷冻干燥仪的离心转子中并冻干一夜。
第二天将100μl培养基加入已冷冻干燥一夜的10个小瓶的内含物中,而将100μl油酸(B.P.)加入另10个中。将这两组分别标记为“M”和“O”。将采自两个“M”标记管的10μl样品转入新的1ml小瓶,添加1ml 0.1M含25mg/ml牛磺胆酸钠的碳酸氢盐溶液并充分混合。在这些条件下,油被很好地分散而得澄清的溶液。
将4×20μl等分样从在+4℃下贮藏过一夜的预干燥对照组转入新的1ml小瓶。往其中两个小瓶内加1ml培养基,而在另两个小瓶内加入1ml含25mg/ml牛磺胆酸钠的0.1M碳酸氢盐溶液。充分混合各小瓶中的内含物。
将上面制备的悬浮液在Vero细胞单层培养物中稀释10倍,以测定存在的脊髓灰质炎病毒的生存力。结果以观测到50%致细胞病变效应时的最高稀释度表示。样品的性质 观测到50%CPE时的最高稀释度培养基中未干燥对照物 10-4/10-5牛磺胆酸盐中未干燥对照物 10-3/10-3培养基中无油冻干物 10-1/100牛磺胆酸盐中无油冻干物 10-1/10-1牛磺胆酸盐中油基冻干物 10-6/10-6
实施例3
将2.5ml蒸馏水加入一份如实施例2中所述制备的病毒粒子等分样中,并将该组标记为“W”。将2.5ml Solulan C24(100mg/ml)加入另一份等分样中并轻轻地混合。将该组标记为“S”。
取200μl各制剂分配入10个冷冻干燥小瓶中,而其余的以100μl等分样形式分配入作为“预干燥”对照组的其它管中。将对照组在+4℃下贮藏一夜。将冷冻干燥的小瓶置于冷冻干燥仪的离心转子中冻干一夜。
第二天,将100μl培养基加入“W”组的各小瓶中并轻轻地混合。密封“S”组的小瓶后将其置于60℃热水浴中加热5秒以熔化SolulanC24,得澄清的溶液。在冷却至室温时该物质固化了。将90μl培养基加入“S”组小瓶内使总体积达100μl。然后从“S”组和“W”组各取10μl样品转至新的1ml小瓶内,在各小瓶中添加lml培养基并充分混合。
在新的1ml小瓶中加入4×20μl取自各预干燥组的样品,再在各瓶中加入1ml培养基。充分混合各瓶中的内含物。
将如上所述制备的悬浮液在Vero细胞培养物中稀释10倍,以测定存在的脊髓灰质炎病毒的生存力。结果以观测到50%致细胞病变效应时的最高稀释度表示。样品的性质 观测到50%CPE时的最高稀释度未干燥对照物+水 10-4/10-6未干燥对照物+Solulan C24 10-5/10-5冷冻干燥的对照物+水 10-2/10-2冷冻干燥的对照物+Solulan C24 10-6/10-8
Claims (24)
1.贮藏微生物使它们保持感染性的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(i)将微生物与两亲物结合;和
(ii)使微生物溶于、悬浮于或分散于疏水相中。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中的微生物是病毒粒子。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中的病毒粒子是脊髓灰质炎病毒粒子。
4.权利要求1至3中任一项的方法,其中的疏水性溶剂是长链脂肪酸,中链醇,支化长链醇,单酸甘油酯,甘油二酯,中链甘油三酯,长链甘油三酯,其卤化(如氟化)类似物,或含聚氧乙烯的脂质。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中的疏水性溶剂是单酸甘油酯,甘油二酯或甘油三酯。
6.权利要求4的方法,其中的疏水性溶剂是油酸。
7.权利要求1至6中任一项的方法,该方法包括:
(i)将微生物与两亲物在液体介质中结合;
(ii)除去液体介质而余下大量两亲物分子,它们的亲水性首基朝向微生物;和
(iii)在微生物/两亲物排列物周围提供疏水性溶剂。
8.权利要求1至7中任一项的方法,其中的两亲物是磷脂,胆汁盐,糖脂,含聚氧乙烯的表面活性剂,亲脂性硫酸酯,三甲铵内酯,含肌氨酸的表面活性剂,Solulan C24,聚氧乙烯40硬脂酸酯,Tween系列表面活性剂之一,Span系列表面活性剂之一或pegolated蓖麻油衍生物如Cremaphor EL35。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中的两亲物是磷脂,该磷脂是磷脂酰胆碱(PC),溶血磷脂酰胆碱(lyso-PC),鞘磷脂,十六烷基磷酸胆碱或含有磷酸胆碱的两亲聚合物。
10.贮藏微生物使它们保持感染性的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
(i)使微生物与两亲物在水相中结合;和
(ii)除去水。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中的水是通过冷冻干燥除去的。
12.权利要求10或11的方法,其中通过在除去水后提高混合物的温度而将两亲物和微生物的混合物转化为紧缩的形式。
13.权利要求10至12中任一项的方法,其中的微生物是病毒粒子。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中的病毒粒子是脊髓灰质炎病毒粒子。
15.权利要求10至14中任一项的方法,其中的两亲物是磷脂,糖脂,含聚氧乙烯的表面活性剂,亲脂性硫酸酯,三甲铵内酯,含肌氨酸的表面活性剂,Solulan C24,聚氧乙烯40硬脂酸酯,Tween系列表面活性剂之一,Span系列表面活性剂之一或pegolated蓖麻油衍生物,如Cremaphor EL35。
16.权利要求15的方法,其中的两亲物是Solulan C24,聚氧乙烯40硬脂酸酯,Tween系列表面活性剂之一,Span系列表面活性剂之一或pegolated蓖麻油衍生物,如Cremaphor EL35。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中的两亲物是聚氧乙烯40硬脂酸酯。
18.权利要求16的方法,其中的两亲物是Solulan C24。
19.可通过权利要求1至18中任一项定义的方法得到的微生物组合物。
20.权利要求19的微生物组合物,它包括病毒粒子。
21.权利要求20的微生物组合物,它包括脊髓灰质炎病毒粒子。
22.权利要求20或21的组合物在贮藏病毒粒子中的应用。
23.权利要求19至21中任一项的组合物在诱导受实验者的免疫响应中的应用。
24.权利要求19至21中任一项的组合物在制备能诱导受试验者的免疫响应的药剂中的应用。
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CA (1) | CA2235495A1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB9521806D0 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO981865L (zh) |
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DK2552410T3 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2019-02-18 | Stabilitech Biopharma Ltd | PROCEDURE FOR THE CONSERVATION OF ALUNADUVANCES AND VACCINES WITH ALUNADUVANCES |
CN102892427A (zh) | 2010-03-31 | 2013-01-23 | 稳定性科技有限公司 | 用于稳定病毒颗粒、多肽或生物材料的赋形剂 |
ES2757591T3 (es) | 2010-03-31 | 2020-04-29 | Stabilitech Biopharma Ltd | Estabilización de partículas virales |
TW201233803A (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2012-08-16 | Oncolytics Biotech Inc | Lyophilized viral formulations |
JP6034798B2 (ja) | 2010-12-02 | 2016-11-30 | オンコリティクス バイオテク,インコーポレーテッド | 液体ウイルス製剤 |
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- 1996-10-25 ZA ZA9609015A patent/ZA969015B/xx unknown
- 1996-10-25 CA CA002235495A patent/CA2235495A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 1996-10-25 NZ NZ320446A patent/NZ320446A/xx unknown
- 1996-10-25 EP EP96935088A patent/EP0857069A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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CA2235495A1 (en) | 1997-05-01 |
AU7318396A (en) | 1997-05-15 |
ZA969015B (en) | 1998-04-28 |
AU714485B2 (en) | 2000-01-06 |
GB9521806D0 (en) | 1996-01-03 |
NO981865L (no) | 1998-06-24 |
NO981865D0 (no) | 1998-04-24 |
KR19990067029A (ko) | 1999-08-16 |
WO1997015331A1 (en) | 1997-05-01 |
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