CN1201280C - 有源矩阵电致发光显示设备 - Google Patents

有源矩阵电致发光显示设备 Download PDF

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CN1201280C
CN1201280C CNB018013414A CN01801341A CN1201280C CN 1201280 C CN1201280 C CN 1201280C CN B018013414 A CNB018013414 A CN B018013414A CN 01801341 A CN01801341 A CN 01801341A CN 1201280 C CN1201280 C CN 1201280C
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display device
switch
described display
light
emitting component
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CN1381033A (zh
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A·塞姆佩尔
I·M·亨特
M·T·约翰森
E·W·A·杨
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
    • G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
    • G09G3/3241—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element the current through the light-emitting element being set using a data current provided by the data driver, e.g. by using a two-transistor current mirror
    • G09G3/325—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element the current through the light-emitting element being set using a data current provided by the data driver, e.g. by using a two-transistor current mirror the data current flowing through the driving transistor during a setting phase, e.g. by using a switch for connecting the driving transistor to the data driver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
    • G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
    • G09G2300/0842—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
    • G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
    • G09G2300/0842—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor
    • G09G2300/0861—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor with additional control of the display period without amending the charge stored in a pixel memory, e.g. by means of additional select electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0261—Improving the quality of display appearance in the context of movement of objects on the screen or movement of the observer relative to the screen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/04—Maintaining the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/043—Preventing or counteracting the effects of ageing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2330/00—Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
    • G09G2330/02—Details of power systems and of start or stop of display operation
    • G09G2330/021—Power management, e.g. power saving

Abstract

通过以一种开关模式操作显示器可以改善在有源矩阵(O)LEDs中的灰度级线性度和功率效率。

Description

有源矩阵电致发光显示设备
本发明涉及一个包括在行和列电极的交叉区域处的象素矩阵的显示设备，每一个象素包括至少一个基于一个存储元件的，与一个发光元件相串联的电流调整电路。
这种基于电致发光的显示设备越来越基于(聚合体)半导体有机材料。该显示设备可通过分段象素(或固定图案)来发光，但是借助于矩阵图案来显示也是可以的。通过存储元件对象素的调整确定了将要由象素所发射的光强。借助与一个存储元件的所述调整，其中要使用额外的开关元件(称为有源驱动)发现了更加广泛的应用。
这种显示设备适合的应用领域，例如，移动电话，组织器(organizer)等。
在开头段落中描述的显示设备在PCT WO 99/42983中被描述。在所述文件中，流过一个LED的电流借助于在发光象素矩阵中每一个象素两个TFT晶体管来调整，经由一个TFT晶体管产生一个通过一个电容器的充电。该TFT晶体管和该电容器构成一个存储元件。在第一TFT晶体管已经被关断之后，该电容器的充电确定了通过第二TFT晶体管的电流并从而确定了通过LED的电流。在后续选择中，重复这一过程。
在这一驱动模式中，LED也在非选择期间传送电流，这会增大功率耗散并且加速老化。此外，会在运动图象中引入人造物。
就此，本发明的一个目的是提供一个在开头段落中描述的那种类型的显示设备，其中上述问题会减小到较低程度。为此，这种设备的特征在于该设备包括至少一个在电流调整电路和发光元件的电流路径中可独立开关的开关。
借助于该开关(例如，一个TFT晶体管或双极型晶体管)，这些发光元件被提供有一个相应于所需发光度的电流。对该驱动电路的一部分的调整发生在该开关闭合之前。该驱动电路的各部分(具体地是，一个电容器和一个晶体管的组合)被用于对于驱动电流的预调整和用于确定流过这些发光元件的最终电流。因为这些发光元件现在可以在非常短的一段时间内传运电流，因此它们优选地，但非必要地，在所谓的恒定效率范围内被驱动。在此，LED的效率作为二极管电压的函数实际上是稳定的，而发光量实际上是与流过LED的电流成正比的。这提供以一种高效率来精确调整灰度值的可能性，从而使得LEDs的短驱动脉冲是足够的。
在第一实施例中，显示设备包括至少一个在电流调整电流和发光元件的电流路径中的开关。然而，这要求每个象素具有至少一个开关，并且带来光阑孔径的代价。为此，一个优选实施例的特征在于该开关存在与多个发光元件和一个工作电压的连接点之间。
本发明的这些和其他方面通过参照下面描述的实施例将变得更清楚。
在附图中：
图1为根据本发明的一个显示设备的示意图，
图2为作为电压函数的效率和通过LED的电流，
图3为图1所使用的晶体管的晶体管特性，同时
图4示出了一个有关的时序图，和
图5示意性显示了根据本发明的一个附加象素。
这些图是示意性的；相应的部件通常由相同的参考标记来表示。
图1示意性地显示了根据本发明的显示设备1的一部分的等效电路图。该显示设备包括一个具有m行(1，2，...，m)和n列(1，2，...，n)的(P)LEDs或(O)LEDs20的矩阵。行和列在此被描述，如果需要，它们可被互换。这一设备还包括一个行选择电路16和一个数据寄存器15。外部提供的信息17，例如，一个视频信号，在处理单元18中被处理，该处理单元根据将要显示的信息，经由电源线19对数据寄存器15的分离部分15-1，...，15-n进行充电。
一行的选择借助行选择电路16经由线路8，在此例中，TFT晶体管或MOS晶体管22的栅电极，通过为它们提供所要求的选择电压来发生。
写入数据发生在被认为是理想电流源的电流源10，在选择期间，借助于数据寄存器15，例如，经由开关9而接通时。电流值由数据寄存器的内容来确定。电流源10可以是多行所共用的。如果不是这种情形，开关9可以被分配。在本方面指出“可以电连接到电流源”的段落处，该情形还可以被认为包含于其中。
在寻址期间，电容器24被提供某个经由晶体管21，22和23的充电。该电容器确定晶体管21的调整并且因而确定在驱动周期中通过LED20的实际电流，和象素(m，l)的发光度(在此例中)，这将在下面进行描述。在行8的选择和给列7提供电压之间的相互同步借助于驱动单元18经由驱动线路14来发生。
当选择一行，在此例中为行m，的时刻，电流源10开始传运电流。在选择期间，信息由列寄存器15(在此例中)经由线路7给出。该信息确定通过(调整)晶体管21，22和23的电流，从而使得电容器24获得一个给定的依赖于所传送的电流和时间期间的充电。电容器24的另一块板被连接到正的电源线12。在选择(在开关9闭合)之后，该电容器具有一个确定在(控制)晶体管21的栅极处电压的确定充电。根据本发明，二极管(LED)20未开始导通直至所有象素已经被调整之后，即当所有晶体管21已经以一种类似方式调整时。在这一时刻(在一帧期间的终点)，在一个或多个LEDs20和，例如，地(在此例中经由线路13)的一个共用开关11被闭合一段短时，从而使得电流可以流过晶体管21和LEDs20，从而使得LED与所调整的值相一致地发光。该开关还可以在线路的一部分(1/2，1/4，...)已经被写入(称为子帧驱动)之后闭合。
下面将参照图2描述本发明的优点。该图显示了，作为LED两端电压的函数，的LED的效率(实线)和流过LED的电流(虚线)的对数。该图示出了由电压V1起，效率达到了一个给定的最大值。流过LED的电流(从而发光度也是)由V1起基本上以指数形式增加。因为在一个或多个开关11被短路，所需的光量可以高效率和短电流脉冲被发射一段短时。
可调整的电流优选地具有这样一些值，使得它们实际上总大于与电压V1有关的电流I1(图2)。为此，晶体管21具有如图3所示的特性。在此实施例中，晶体管21是一个p型的TFT晶体管，它根据栅极电压Vg1-Vg4来提供在I2和I3之间的电流(图3)，这些电流比I2大，当时范围I2-I3宽到足够调整在高效率范围内的所有灰度级。在此范围中的(O)LEDs的线性电流特性经受了一个可能的灰度值的简单调整。
参照图1和4多次解释了显示设备的工作过程。通过在对行1到m连续选择期间(图4(a)，4(b)，4(c))接通与列1到n有关的电流源10(图4(d))，使得电容器24被提供了在每一象素中一个具体的充电。被保存在数据寄存器15中的信息以类似于上面对于类似与上述的方式来确定了通过晶体管21，22和23的电流。在电源线12上的电压使得电容器的一块板并且因而使得节点25接收到在范围Vg1-Vg4之内的电压，该电压在电流源10已经被关断之后仍然保持。
在节点25处的电压并且因此在晶体管21的栅极处的电压在范围Vg1-Vg4之内。然而，如果开关11被打开，则晶体管21不能导通。该开关在此例中直到其中所有象素被充电的周期tcharge的帧周期tF结束都未闭合。该开关11闭合，例如一段短周期tswitch，该周期长到足以使得有关的二极管(LED)20在校正调整中发光。因为所有(期望的)LEDs以最大效率导通一段短时间，在此模式中的性能恶化比在传统的无源和有源结构中的性能恶化更小。
借助于一个驱动电路(未示出)，开关的占空比tswitch/tF，如果需要，作为温度或老化的函数而被调整，从而使得效率基本保持恒定(最佳的)。还可以选择占空比对于每种颜色不同(在彩色显示器中)并且因此获得最佳的彩色点。
开关11优选在单晶硅中实现。以此方式，可以快速地提供一个驱动全部象素所需的大电流。该开关可以，例如，在一个驱动IC中实现。使用时还可以由一些并联开关构成。
图5显示了一个变型，其中在电容器两端的电压利用一个电压控制而被调整。在电容器24两端的电压(和因而LED20的调整)现在依赖于来自电压源30，31(Vdata)和选择电压Vsel的电压。
在本发明范围内当然可以具有几个变型。在给定的应用中，并非所有象素需要在LED驱动启动之前预先调整。此外，用双极型晶体管来实现是切实可行的。
本发明的保护范围并不限于所述实施例。本发明存在于每个或每一新颖性特征和这些特征的每个或每一组合中。在权利要求中的参考标记不限于这些权利要求的保护范围。动词“包括”的使用和其结合不排除在存在除权利要求中描述的元件之外的元件。在一个元件之前使用代词“a”和“an”不排除存在多个这种元件。

Claims (9)

1.一个包括在行和列电极的交叉区域处的象素矩阵的显示设备，每一个象素包括至少一个基于一个存储元件的，与一个发光元件相串联的电流调整电路，其特征在于，该显示设备包括至少一个位于象素之外并在电流调整电路和发光元件的电流路径中的可独立开关的开关，所述可独立开关的开关是至少两个象素的一个公共开关。
2.权利要求1所述的显示设备，其特征在于，该开关被安置在存储元件和发光元件之间。
3.权利要求1所述的显示设备，其特征在于，该开关被安置在多个发光元件和一个用于工作电压的连接点之间。
4.权利要求1所述的显示设备，其特征在于，该存储元件和一个用于调整灰度值的调整电路具有一个共用开关。
5.权利要求1所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述显示设备包括用于改变该可独立开关的开关被闭合的时间的驱动装置
6.权利要求5所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述显示设备是一个彩色显示设备，并且该用于不同颜色发光元件的驱动装置可以在不同时间周期闭合相关的可独立开关的开关。
7.权利要求1所述的显示设备，其特征在于，该发光元件包括一个有机LED或一个聚合体LED。
8.权利要求1所述的显示设备，其特征在于，每个象素的所述电流调整电路根据相应的存储元件的值提供对应于象素的发光元件的灰度级的电流。
9.权利要求1所述的显示设备，其特征在于，存在一个电流源，用于在选择期间将数据写入所述象素。
CNB018013414A 2000-05-22 2001-04-18 有源矩阵电致发光显示设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1201280C (zh)

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CN1381033A (zh) 2002-11-20
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TWI242761B (en) 2005-11-01
WO2001091094A1 (en) 2001-11-29
KR20020019545A (ko) 2002-03-12
US20020027422A1 (en) 2002-03-07
US6509690B2 (en) 2003-01-21

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