CN1198829C - 用于制备乙烯基聚合物的铝化合物 - Google Patents
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- C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
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- C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
- C08F230/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
- C07F5/069—Aluminium compounds without C-aluminium linkages
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Abstract
本发明涉及通式(I)的烯醇化物官能化反应中间体,其中X是烷基;Z选自烷基、氢、卤素、烷氧基、硫醇、芳氧基或酯;n是0或1-10的整数;Y是烷基或H;Al周围的四齿配位体是任选被取代的。还涉及烯醇化物官能化反应中间体的制备方法,以及该中间体与乙烯基单体和路易斯酸反应来制备相应的乙烯基聚合物。
Description
一种化合物
本发明涉及烯醇化物官能化反应中间体、其制备方法和由所述烯醇化物官能化反应中间体与乙烯基单体的反应制备的乙烯基聚合物。
活性或不死的聚合是一种不能自然终止的聚合反应。每个引发剂分子产生一个增长链,以使聚合物随时间的延长线性增长。所以可将聚合度控制在一定程度上。Inoue已开发了这种方法,其中用通式为(TPP)AIX的卟啉铝作为引发剂,通过从来自氙弧的辐射将甲基丙烯酸酯类和丙烯酸酯类进行活性聚合(Polym.Prepr.Jpn(英文版)1992,41,E93(IIID-06)和E96(IIID-12)。
(TPP)AIX,其中X=CH3或SCH2CH2CH3
在环境温度下,发现每个(TPP)AIX分子产生一个聚合物链并获得对分子量的优异控制。
结果Inoue发现,另外加入路易斯酸可大大提高链增长速率。例如发现在辐照光的存在下由(TPP)AlMe引发的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的聚合反应在2.5小时后生成6.1%的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。随着路易斯酸例如体积庞大的苯酚铝的加入,在3秒内发生定量聚合。最近,Inoue已公开了不需要存在辐照光的体系。例如在路易斯酸的存在下由(TPP)AIX(其中X=丙硫基(SPropyl))引发MMA的聚合,其中于80℃在1.5分钟后有完全的单体转化率(T Kodeira和K Mori,Macromol.Chem.RapidCommun.1990,11,645)。但是用该体系制备的聚合物分子量低,例如22000。
据Inoue报导,引发反应是(TPP)AIX配合物与单体在辐照光的存在下反应形成烯醇化物引发剂。然后该烯醇化物可与另外的单体在路易斯酸的存在下反应以生成聚合物链。
本发明的目的是提供一种烯醇化物官能化反应中间体、其制备方法和由所述烯醇化物官能化反应中间体与乙烯基单体的反应制备的乙烯基聚合物。
因此,本发明的第一方面提供通式(I)的烯醇化物官能化反应中间体
其中X是烷基;Z选自烷基、氢、卤素、烷氧基、硫醇、芳氧基或酯;n是整数,且包括n=0;Y是烷基或H;Al周围的四齿配位体是任选被取代的。
在第二方面,本方法提供通式(I)的烯醇化物官能化反应中间体的制备方法,其中X是烷基;Z选自烷基、氢、卤素、烷氧基、硫醇、芳氧基、酯;n是整数,且包括n=0;Y是烷基或H;Al周围的四齿配位体是任选被取代的。
该方法包括以下步骤:
(i)在溶剂中制备通式(II)的金属配合物,
其中R是离去基团,
(ii)在第二种溶剂中制备单体的金属烯醇化物,该单体选自(烷基)丙烯酸或其烷基酯类,
(iii)将(i)和(ii)的两种溶液一起混合
(iv)分离烯醇化物官能化反应中间体。
在第三方面,本发明提供一种乙烯基聚合物,它由通式(I)的烯醇化物官能化反应中间体与乙烯基单体和通式(III)的路易斯酸的反应来制备,
其中C、D或E中的至少一种能与烯醇化物官能化反应中间体的Al形成配位键,且其它C、D或E是体积庞大的基团,M选自铝、镁、锌和硼。
在烯醇化物官能化反应中间体(I)中,X优选是C1-C20烷基。当Z为硫醇时,我们指SH和SR1基团,其中R1包括烷基、酯、醚。Z优选是烷基或氢。当Z是烷基时,优选C1-C8烷基,更优选甲基。n优选在1-10的范围内,更优选1-5。当Y是烷基时,优选C1-C20烷基,更优选C1-C4烷基。任选的取代优选在Al周围的四齿配位体的两个芳环上,更优选在每个这两个芳环上取代两个叔丁基。
在本发明的方法中,金属配位体具有通式(II),其中R优选选自烷基、卤素、烷氧基、硫醇、芳氧基或酯;Al周围的四齿配位体可任选被取代。任选的取代优选在Al周围的四齿配位体的两个芳环上,更优选在每个这两个芳环上取代两个叔丁基。优选金属配位体(II)的摩尔数对单体的金属烯醇化物的摩尔数之比是1∶1,其中单体选自(烷基)丙烯酸或其烷基酯类。
在本发明的第三方面中,路易斯酸(III)中体积庞大的基团优选与上述相同,特别是酚盐或取代的酚盐或硫醇盐;C、D或E中的一种能与烯醇化物官能化反应中间体的Al形成配位键,这种C、D或E优选选自烷基、卤素、烷氧基、芳氧基和酯,更优选是烷基,更特别是甲基。M优选是铝。
可根据本发明制备的乙烯基聚合物包括相应的乙烯基单体的均聚物和共聚物,乙烯基单体例如(烷基)丙烯酸及其烷基酯类、官能化(烷基)丙烯酸及其烷基酯类(例如羟基、卤素、胺官能化的)、苯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、丁二烯、烯烃或烯烃氧化物。对于(烷基)丙烯酸类,我们指可使用烷基丙烯酸类或类似的丙烯酸类。对于均聚物和共聚物,单体优选是(烷基)丙烯酸及其烷基酯类,更优选是(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯类。这些聚合反应可通过能制备结构共聚物例如嵌段、ABA和星形共聚物的方式来进行。
对于均聚物和共聚物,单体优选是(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯类。乙烯基单体的摩尔数对烯醇化物官能化反应中间体的摩尔数之比优选为1∶1至20000∶1。烯醇化物官能化反应中间体的摩尔数对路易斯酸的摩尔数之比优选为1∶0.1至1∶100,更优选1∶0.2至1∶10。
聚合反应可在溶剂的存在下进行,例如甲苯、二氯甲烷和四氢呋喃,或在本体单体中进行。该聚合反应优选在-100℃至150℃之间进行,更优选-50℃至50℃,特别在15℃至40℃之间。
通过以下实施例说明本发明。
实施例1
N,N’亚乙基双(3,5-二叔丁基亚水杨基亚胺)的制备
制备了3,5-二叔丁基水杨醛(3克,12.8毫摩尔)在乙醇(150毫升)中的溶液。在搅拌的同时通过吸管向该溶液中加入亚乙基二胺(0.43毫升,6.4毫摩尔)。将该溶液加热回流15分钟,然后冷却至室温,以使N,N’亚乙基双(3,5-二叔丁基亚水杨基亚胺)结晶。通过过滤分离产物。
实施例2
N,N’亚乙基双(3,5-二叔丁基亚水杨基亚胺)氯化铝(通式(II)的化合物)的制备
将二甲基氯化铝在甲苯(6.1毫升,6.1毫摩尔)中的溶液逐滴加入N,N’亚乙基双(3,5-二叔丁基亚水杨基亚胺)(3克,6.1毫摩尔)在甲苯(40毫升)中的溶液中。产物从溶液中沉淀出来。将该悬浮液进一步搅拌12小时,并除去液体,得到N,N’亚乙基双(3,5-二叔丁基亚水杨基亚胺)氯化铝的粉状固体。
实施例3
异丁酸叔丁酯的烯醇化锂的制备
将正丁基锂(1.6M在己烷中,1.13毫升,1.18毫摩尔)在15分钟内逐滴加入二异丙基胺(0.25毫升,1.81毫摩尔)在二乙基醚(20毫升)中的溶液中。将所得溶液于-78℃在5分钟内逐滴加入异丁酸叔丁酯(0.32毫升,1.81毫摩尔)在二乙基醚(20毫升)中的溶液中,形成异丁酸叔丁酯的烯醇化锂。
实施例4
异丁酸叔丁酯的N,N’亚乙基双(3,5-二叔丁基亚水杨基亚胺)烯醇化铝(通式(I)的化合物)的制备
将实施例3中制备的异丁酸叔丁酯的烯醇化锂溶液于-78℃逐滴加入实施例2中制备的N,N’亚乙基双(3,5-二叔丁基亚水杨基亚胺)氯化铝(1克,1.81毫摩尔)在四氢呋喃(50毫升)中的溶液中。使反应溶液于环境温度下变暖,并搅拌12小时。通过真空除去挥发物,并将产物萃取入戊烷(10毫升)中,过滤该溶液,并使其结晶成橘黄色的微晶固体。
通过在Bruker AC-250机器上于250MHz下由1H NMR确定其结构,如图1和图2所示。
实施例5
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的制备
在烧瓶中于氮气下制备甲基丙烯酸甲酯MMA(1克)在甲苯(2毫升)中的溶液。向第二个烧瓶中加入实施例4中制备的异丁酸叔丁酯的N,N’亚乙基双(3,5-二叔丁基亚水杨基亚胺)烯醇化铝(33.4毫克,0.05毫摩尔)和甲基铝双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基酚盐)(72.0毫克,0.15毫摩尔)。将两个烧瓶中的溶液混合,并搅拌5分钟。加入甲醇(0.5毫升)以终止反应,然后加入甲苯(2毫升)。在加入10倍过量的酸化(1%盐酸)甲醇时沉淀PMMA。然后通过过滤分离PMMA。PMMA的产率是90.1%。
与计算值20000相比,PMMA聚合物的实际分子量为32700。多分散度是1.10,间同立构百分率是74%。
Claims (9)
2.权利要求1中所述的烯醇化物官能化反应中间体,其中Z是C1-C8烷基或氢。
4.权利要求3所述的烯醇化物官能化反应中间体的制备方法,其中金属配合物(II)的摩尔数对单体的金属烯醇化物的摩尔数之比是1∶1,单体选自(烷基)丙烯酸或其烷基酯。
6.权利要求5中所述的制备乙烯基聚合物的方法,其中所述乙烯基单体选自(烷基)丙烯酸及其烷基酯、官能化(烷基)丙烯酸及其烷基酯类。
7.权利要求5或6所述的制备乙烯基聚合物的方法,其中所述乙烯基单体的摩尔数对烯醇化物官能化反应中间体的摩尔数之比为1∶1至20000∶1。
8.权利要求5或6所述的制备乙烯基聚合物的方法,其中所述烯醇化物官能化反应中间体的摩尔数对路易斯酸的摩尔数之比在1∶0.1至1∶100的范围内。
9.权利要求7所述的制备乙烯基聚合物的方法,其中所述烯醇化物官能化反应中间体的摩尔数对路易斯酸的摩尔数之比在1∶0.1至1∶100的范围内。
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GBGB9813944.7A GB9813944D0 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 1998-06-29 | A compound |
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GBGB9906874.4A GB9906874D0 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 1999-03-25 | A compound |
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US20010016637A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
DE69904722D1 (de) | 2003-02-06 |
BR9911655A (pt) | 2001-03-20 |
US6469190B2 (en) | 2002-10-22 |
KR20010053251A (ko) | 2001-06-25 |
ATE230408T1 (de) | 2003-01-15 |
US20030050414A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
TW436498B (en) | 2001-05-28 |
US6867272B2 (en) | 2005-03-15 |
WO2000000496A1 (en) | 2000-01-06 |
EP1091964B1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
EP1091964A1 (en) | 2001-04-18 |
DE69904722T2 (de) | 2003-10-09 |
ES2190216T3 (es) | 2003-07-16 |
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