CN1195390A - 点火输出级 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/60—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
- H03K17/615—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors in a Darlington configuration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
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- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/04—Modifications for accelerating switching
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- F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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- F02P3/00—Other installations
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Abstract
介绍了一个尤其适用于内燃机的点火输出级装置,在该装置中,输出级做成两级或三级的复合晶体管,并规定用内部单级或外部多级夹头通过一稳压二极管进行过压保护。还规定将一短路晶体管与点火复合晶体管的基极发射极段并联,以避免在复合晶体管的控制接头上产生寄生电流。
Description
现有技术
根据主要权利要求分类，发明涉及的是点火输出级。从DE-OS 2339 896中可了解这类点火输出级。对这类已知的内燃机点火输出级，将点火线圈的初级线圈与开关晶体管的触头段串联。开关晶体管是一复合晶体管电路，稳压二极管与集电极-基极段并联。稳压二极管关注的是，开关晶体管触头段上的电压不超过一允许值。特别是当开关晶体管的触头段转换成未导通状态时，会出现危及到开关晶体管的高压，这一高压由转换到初级侧的高压产生。
如果集电极-发射极-电压达到了基极-集电极-二极管的稳压电压，那么，稳压电流流向点火复合晶体管的基极。复合晶体管由此再度被接通，使得在夹头工作的同时产生电压和有电流流动，直到在线圈次级侧出现触发火花，并且其余的线圈能量流向火花段。
在通过点火分配器进行转动分配或静止分配时，点火开关的点火线圈直接与内燃机相应的火花塞相连。此外，在每一连接之间，例如在开关晶体管和点火线圈之间、在开关晶体管和地之间以及在点火复合晶体管的控制开关电路和点火复合晶体管的基极之间，可以有很长的电缆长度。由于电缆中的电阻和电感具有天线效应，使得在点火过程中开关晶体管的基极电路中有微弱的寄生基极电流，这导致点火电压只能缓慢地达到完全点火所需的值，因为开关晶体管再度受到这一寄生电流的控制。对于开关晶体管的基极，通过实现尽可能短的发射极电路和集电极电路或通过使用屏蔽控制电路来考虑这一效应。发明的优点
与已知技术相比，具有主要要求显著特征的发明的优点在于：对于寄生作用，发明给出了一个简单的、价廉物美的、非常有效的开关晶体管基极电路的保险装置。此外，这一电路可以很好地整体集成。实施例
在附图中说明了发明的实施例。
图1显示了具有内部单级夹头和发明的短路晶体管的点火输出级的第一实施例；
图2显示了具有外部多级夹头和短路晶体管的点火输出级的第二实施例；
图3显示了具有内部单级夹头和短路晶体管的点火输出级的第三实施例；
图4显示了没有短路晶体管的夹头电压的变化过程；
图5显示了有短路晶体管的夹头电压的变化过程；
图6显示了点火复合晶体管中短路晶体管的整体集成。实施例描述
图1显示了具有内部单级稳压夹头的点火输出级的原理框图，与其在内燃机点火装置中使用的一样。图1中的电路由点火线圈1组成，该点火线圈的次级侧与一未表示出来的火花塞相连。点火线圈1的初级线圈一端与电源电压UB(例如未表示出的汽车的电池)相连，另一端通过大功率晶体管T1接地。在大功率晶体管T1之前先这样接通驱动晶体管T2，使得产生一个两级的复合晶体管。大功率晶体管T1的集电极-发射极段与初级线圈串联，大功率晶体管T1的基极与驱动晶体管T2的发射极相连。为每个基极-发射极-电阻R1或R2配备一个大功率晶体管T1和激励级T2。
预先规定稳压二极管Z1与大功率晶体管T1的集电极-基极段并联。当切断点火线圈中的充电电流使大功率晶体管T1感应产生高压时，稳压二极管Z1用于保护其不过压。通过稳压二极管击穿电流流向大功率晶体管T1的基极以及再度完全控制复合二极管实施过压保护。这一稳压二极管Z1与复合晶体管内大功率晶体管T1的集电极-基极段并联的布置是一个内部单级夹头。这一布置已是众所周知的。发明的基本特征在于短路晶体管T3的布置，这里，短路晶体管T3的集电极-发射极段与复合晶体管的基极-发射极段并联，也就是说，短路晶体管的集电极与驱动晶体管T2的基极接头相连，短路晶体管T3的发射极通过接地与驱动晶体管T2的发射极相连。在复合晶体管的驱动晶体管T2的集电极与短路晶体管T3基极的连接电路中有电阻R3和第二稳压二极管Z2。当复合晶体管-集电极的电压接近工作电压时，第二稳压二极管Z2用来防止在点火线圈的充电过程中短路晶体管T3受到控制。此外，电阻R3这样确定：在稳压二极管Z1的夹头电压为300到400V时，对于短路晶体管T3可以流动足够的基极电流。
在图2中显示了另一个实施例。复合晶体管和点火线圈的布置与图1中的布置相对应，并规定相同的元器件使用相同的参考符号。与图1不同的是，这一点火装置有一外部的多级夹头，也就是说，夹头的稳压二极管Z1在两级复合晶体管之外与驱动晶体管T2的集电极-发射极段并联。此外，二极管D1与处于稳压二极管Z1和驱动晶体管T1基极接头之间的第一稳压二极管Z1串联。二极管D1用于断开驱动晶体管基极与复合晶体管的连接。由稳压二极管Z1和二极管D1组成的夹头支路从控制晶体管的初级线圈和集电极之间的分接点(其同时构成了复合晶体管的集电极)通向复合晶体管的控制接头，也就是说通向驱动晶体管T2的基极。此外，同图1一样，这一处于复合晶体管初级线圈和集电极之间连接点上的分接点通过保护电阻R3和第二稳压二极管Z2与短路晶体管T3的基极相连。其作用方式已在图1中予以介绍。图1和图2的区别在于在短路晶体管T3的集电极和复合晶体管的控制接头之间有一个第二二极管D2，该二极管断开夹头电路，使得夹头电路上只流过用于维持集电极电流所需的基极电流。每个寄生流入的基极电流在这里被短路。
图3显示了发明的短路电路的第三实施例。同图1一样，在这种布置中也通过一个二级复合晶体管由点火线圈进行充电电流控制。用于过压保护的电压夹头为单级内部夹头，这在图1中已介绍过。与图1不同的是，复合晶体管有一个基极入口电阻R4，它可使复合晶体管在受控工作状态下处于无电流接通。在基极入口电阻R4和复合晶体管的控制接头之间连接上短路晶体管T3的集电极。同图1一样，短路晶体管T3的基极通过保护电阻R3与复合晶体管的集电极相连。由电阻R5和R6组成的分压器在接地后与基极入口电阻R4并联，这里，分压器的分接头与第四晶体管T4的基极触点接触。第四晶体管T4的集电极通向保护电阻R3和短路晶体管T3基极之间的连接点。由此，从复合晶体管基极的逆转控制信号中得到短路晶体管T3控制电流。如果复合晶体管的基极有控制信号，那么在外壳电位和短路晶体管T3上的第四晶体管的集电极没有电流。在复合晶体管的基极没有控制信号的情况下，T4没有电流，通过高阻率的保护电阻R3供给短路晶体管T3基极电流，并使复合晶体管的基极-发射极段短路。在这种联接情况下，可以省去附接在短路晶体管上的稳压二极管。基极入口电阻R4使得无电流的复合晶体管工作状态(短路晶体管T3是工作的)可转入受控工作状态(短路晶体管T3打开)。分压器R5/R6防止晶体管4失去控制电流。同时，这一分压器还使得在不依赖于基极-发射极段电压的情况下达到晶体管T1的接通临界值。图3中电路的优点在于，可以进行连续火花塞点火(与图1和图2的实施例相反)，因为可以再次切断短路晶体管，再次接通复合晶体管。
借助于图4和图5来再次说明这些实施例的工作方式。图4描述了没有短路晶体管时的电压变化过程，图5描述了有短路晶体管时的电压变化过程。在研究的点火电路中涉及到的是一内部直接夹头在控制晶体管T1上的三级复合晶体管，而短路晶体管T3则作用于复合晶体管的第三基极上。在没有短路晶体管T3的条件下，大约才30微秒后夹头就达到其最大值，并伴随着电压扰动。与多次再接通效应相对应，集电极电流缓慢的、非线性减弱。在20微秒后，具有短路晶体管T3的点火线路中产生电压。振荡自激器与一特定的夹头系统相连，在这一系统中，电容和电阻分压器无需精确调谐。通过断开过程的改善和夹头的寄生再接通的抑制，这一电路可用于所有的点火过程。
经常有这样的点火装置：在这些装置中，点火复合晶体管在外部通过外面的基极接头进行稳压。在这种情况下，短路晶体管必须象图2中说明的那样联接。
从控制装置中已经获悉，可以将点火复合晶体管制做成一个集成电路，短路晶体管也可以很好地集成在这一电路中。
借助于绝缘扩散实现集成块中的短路晶体管T3，由此将短路晶体管T3的集电极与复合晶体管的集电极分开。在绝缘扩散过程中，必须将n+和p+槽置入γ和π槽中，如图6所示。通过高电阻的γ和π扩散，可以有效地将短路器的基极和集电极与基质集电极绝缘。T3的集电极基极段的阻塞能力不必无条件地与夹头电压相对应，因为夹头电压的主要部分在电阻R3上是降低的。
以同样的方式可以通过置入γ和π槽中的p区实现稳压二极管的集成，其具有20-50V的阻塞电压。同样，通过π扩散再次使得稳压二极管与基质集电极绝缘。
相对而言，保护电阻R3的集成需要较大面积，那么，也可以同时用已有的外壳电极的部分电阻作为短路晶体管T3的控制电阻。这样，在外壳电极夹头中对于控制电阻没有附加的面积要求。
Claims (6)
1.具有复合晶体管(由一驱动晶体管(T2)和控制晶体管(T1)组成)的点火输出级，尤其是用于内燃机的点火输出级的特征是，短路晶体管(T3)的集电极-发射极段与复合晶体管的基极-发射极段并联，短路晶体管的控制接头通过高阻率的保护电阻(R3)与复合晶体管的集电极相连。
2.根据权利要求1的点火输出级的特征是，处于高阻率保护电阻(R3)和短路晶体管(T3)控制接头之间的稳压二极管(Z2)与保护电阻(R3)串联。
3.根据权利要求1和2的点火输出级的特征是，复合晶体管有一个借助于稳压二极管(Z1)的单级内部夹头，该稳压二极管与复合晶体管的驱动晶体管(T2)的集电极-发射极段并联。
4.根据权利要求1和2的点火输出级的特征是，复合晶体管有一个多级夹头，这里，与第一二极管(D1)串联的稳压二极管(Z1)与驱动晶体管(T2)的集电极-基极段并联，一个脱耦二极管(D2)接在短路晶体管(T3)的发射极和复合晶体管的控制接头之间。
5.根据权利要求1到3的点火输出级的特征是，第四晶体管(T4)的集电极接在高阻率电阻(R3)和短路晶体管(T3)的发射极之间，第四晶体管(T4)的基极通过分压器(R5/R6)与复合晶体管的控制接头相连，第四晶体管的发射极接地。
6.根据前述权利要求之一的点火输出级的特征是，所有的零部件，如稳压晶体管、短路晶体管、高阻率电阻(R3)和第四晶体管(T4)都可集成为一个集成块。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19533637A DE19533637A1 (de) | 1995-09-12 | 1995-09-12 | Zündendstufe |
| DE19533637.2 | 1995-09-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1195390A true CN1195390A (zh) | 1998-10-07 |
| CN1070578C CN1070578C (zh) | 2001-09-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96196755A Expired - Fee Related CN1070578C (zh) | 1995-09-12 | 1996-06-27 | 点火输出级 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6018202A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0850358B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH11512504A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1070578C (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9610177A (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ73398A3 (zh) |
| DE (2) | DE19533637A1 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2229274T3 (zh) |
| HK (1) | HK1016240A1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2169287C2 (zh) |
| SK (1) | SK283436B6 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1997010432A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101469657B (zh) * | 2007-12-04 | 2012-04-11 | 富士电机株式会社 | 点火系统 |
| CN103595377A (zh) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-02-19 | 桂林机床电器有限公司 | 一种三极管开关控制电路 |
| CN110259620A (zh) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-20 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | 用于发动机点火系统的过压保护装置、点火系统及车辆 |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19711204C2 (de) * | 1997-03-18 | 1999-01-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Schaltungsanordnung einer Zündendstufe |
| US7764130B2 (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2010-07-27 | Multigig Inc. | Electronic circuitry |
| US6300815B1 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2001-10-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Voltage reference overshoot protection circuit |
| US6333604B1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2001-12-25 | Semiconductor Components Industries Llc | Integrated ignition circuit and method |
| DE102006022158A1 (de) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-15 | Beckhoff Automation Gmbh | Leistungsschaltung mit Kurzschlussschutzschaltung |
| KR101533298B1 (ko) * | 2008-09-23 | 2015-07-09 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 전원 공급 장치 |
| US9605644B2 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2017-03-28 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Dual coil ignition system |
| RU207064U1 (ru) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-10-11 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия им. Адмирала Флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" | Переключающее транзисторное устройство |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2339896B2 (de) * | 1973-08-07 | 1977-12-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Zuendeinrichtung fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
| US4064415A (en) * | 1976-02-18 | 1977-12-20 | The Bendix Corporation | Inductive spark ignition for combustion engine |
| DE3334833A1 (de) * | 1983-09-27 | 1985-04-04 | Telefunken electronic GmbH, 7100 Heilbronn | Ansteuerschaltung fuer einen leistungstransistor |
| DE3723581A1 (de) * | 1986-07-16 | 1988-03-03 | Siemens Ag | Verlustarme schaltungsanordnung zur verringerung der abschaltverluste von bipolaren schalttransistoren |
| DE3839039A1 (de) * | 1988-11-18 | 1990-05-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Zuendendstufe einer transistor-zuendanlage |
| US5559661A (en) * | 1990-03-23 | 1996-09-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Short-circuit-proof transistor output stage, especially ignition output stage for motor vehicles |
| DE4009304A1 (de) * | 1990-03-23 | 1991-09-26 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Kurzschlussfeste transistorendstufe, insbesondere zuendungsendstufe fuer kraftfahrzeuge |
| DE4030418A1 (de) * | 1990-09-26 | 1992-04-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Leistungsendstufe mit einer darlington-schaltung zum schalten einer induktiven last, insbesondere der zuendspule einer brennkraftmaschine |
| DE4039356C1 (zh) * | 1990-12-10 | 1992-07-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De | |
| US5410190A (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1995-04-25 | Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics, Inc. | Circuit for shortening the turn-off time of a power transistor |
| IT1275159B (it) * | 1995-02-15 | 1997-07-30 | Ducati Energia Spa | Sistema di accensione induttiva per motori a combustione interna con anticipo controllato elettronicamente |
-
1995
- 1995-09-12 DE DE19533637A patent/DE19533637A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-06-27 BR BR9610177A patent/BR9610177A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-27 RU RU98107165/06A patent/RU2169287C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-27 CZ CZ98733A patent/CZ73398A3/cs unknown
- 1996-06-27 SK SK293-98A patent/SK283436B6/sk unknown
- 1996-06-27 EP EP96920714A patent/EP0850358B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-27 DE DE1996511117 patent/DE59611117D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-27 WO PCT/DE1996/001140 patent/WO1997010432A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-06-27 CN CN96196755A patent/CN1070578C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-27 JP JP9511537A patent/JPH11512504A/ja active Pending
- 1996-06-27 ES ES96920714T patent/ES2229274T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-27 US US09/029,781 patent/US6018202A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-03-30 HK HK99101301A patent/HK1016240A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101469657B (zh) * | 2007-12-04 | 2012-04-11 | 富士电机株式会社 | 点火系统 |
| CN103595377A (zh) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-02-19 | 桂林机床电器有限公司 | 一种三极管开关控制电路 |
| CN110259620A (zh) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-20 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | 用于发动机点火系统的过压保护装置、点火系统及车辆 |
| CN110259620B (zh) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-05-25 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | 用于发动机点火系统的过压保护装置、点火系统及车辆 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SK283436B6 (sk) | 2003-07-01 |
| US6018202A (en) | 2000-01-25 |
| HK1016240A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 |
| SK29398A3 (en) | 1999-04-13 |
| EP0850358B1 (de) | 2004-10-13 |
| EP0850358A1 (de) | 1998-07-01 |
| BR9610177A (pt) | 1998-08-11 |
| ES2229274T3 (es) | 2005-04-16 |
| RU2169287C2 (ru) | 2001-06-20 |
| DE59611117D1 (de) | 2004-11-18 |
| WO1997010432A1 (de) | 1997-03-20 |
| DE19533637A1 (de) | 1997-03-13 |
| CN1070578C (zh) | 2001-09-05 |
| CZ73398A3 (cs) | 1998-12-16 |
| JPH11512504A (ja) | 1999-10-26 |
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Legal Events
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
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| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CI01 | Publication of corrected invention patent application |
Correction item: Application Date Correct: 19960627 False: 19960927 Number: 36 Page: 248 Volume: 17 |
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| CI03 | Correction of invention patent |
Correction item: Application Date Correct: 19960627 False: 19960927 Number: 36 Page: The title page Volume: 17 |
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| COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: APPLICATION DATE; FROM: 1996.9.27 TO: 1996.6.27 |
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| ERR | Gazette correction |
Free format text: CORRECT: APPLICATION DATE; FROM: 1996.9.27 TO: 1996.6.27 |
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| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20010905 Termination date: 20100627 |