CN1194083A - 无线通信系统中通信的方法和设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
所公开的系统可以根据用户数据优先级来分配多个子信道。在一个实施例中,用户(100)从基站(110)收到象当前优先级那样的系统参数后,决定是否发出对多子信道的接入请求。收到该接入请求后,系统由该接入请求决定是否为用户分配子信道。进一步的接入请求被周期性地接收和调度,当收到一个较高优先级消息时,较低优先级消息被推迟完成,而分配较高优先级请求。这样,提供了一种改进的接入方法,可以有效地接纳多优先级请求。在另一实施例中,系统参数包括每一服务优先级的持续/概率值,并且在确定何时送出接入请求时,每一发送单元采用将要送出的数据优先级的适当值。
Description
本发明涉及通信,特别是涉及一个无线通信系统中用于传送数据的一种改进的方法和设备。
过去的十年中,对于可处理数据通信的无线网络的需求有了巨大的增长。在话音业务中,比如GSM(全球移动系统)蜂窝业务,使用电路交换通信是因为用户对于口头对话的时间很敏感,与话音业务不同,在数据通信中通过利用分组交换及混合通信可达到更高的效率。因此,可以预期,通过使用所提议的业务如GPRS(GSM分组无线电业务),对于短业务可以达到比传统的电路交换无线技术高得多的通过量。
然而,随着对无线业务需求的增长,也会产生对数据业务的更高通过率的需求,至少对某些用户是这样。对此需求的一种解决办法是使用数据业务的“服务质量”(QOS)分级。通过给某一特定的数据消息指定一个高QOS级或优先级,需要快速端对端传递数据的用户可以在低QOS数据之前传递它们的数据。另一方面,那些不想支付高QOS价格并可以容忍较长端对端延迟的用户,则可给它们的数据业务指定一个低QOS级。
在实现上述无线通信业务的两个关键问题是:获得接入无线信道的延迟,及由于无线信道的有限带宽造成的有限通过量。第一个问题的产生,是由于对任意指定的基站业务区域,只有有限数目的信道(或者在TDMA(时分多址)系统中,如GSM,子信道/时隙集)可利用。任何接入中的延迟就意味着子信道能用于实际数据传输的时间减少。而且,当系统趋于峰值负载时,很有可能比系统能容纳的多得多的移动台(MS,或更一般的用户单元)试图获得接入。
为了减少这一接入延迟,人们提出了一些用于无线系统的中速接入控制(MAC)协议,它包括ALOHA,时隙ALOHA,预定ALOHA,CSMA(载波检测多址),DSMA(数字检测多址),PRMA(分组预定多址)和QCRA(排队邻近预定ALOHA)。然而所有这些协议都有一个局限性,即它们在一段连续时间内为一移动台分配单一信道(或在TDMA系统中,一个连续子信道,即一系列时隙),直到数据传输完成。因此,任何新用户,即使它有较高的优先级,也须等待直到当前用户消息的终止。另外,无法推迟一个低优先级消息,该消息可能是正等待发出或者仅仅部分地发出,这是因为那些未得到分配的用户当信道下次变为可用时需要再一次竞争接入信道。
第二个问题,有限的通过量,在TDMA系统中是特别明显。例如,在当今的GSM系统中,带纠错的分组数据的最大通过量是9.6kbps,而不带纠错的通过量更高,这是因为给定标准化比特率270.833kbps以及每个八时隙周期.577ms(毫秒),对于一个脉冲串,只有约33kbps的原始传输率是可能的。为了改进这一通过量,一个建议是允许使用多个子信道(如每一帧有2个或更多的时隙),从而有效地成倍增加通过率。该方法的一个缺点是环境因素,比如衰落经常比一个时隙的时间还长,虽然大多数移动用户的衰落会在一帧的周期内结束。在先前的方法中,一个给定的衰落只会破坏一个时隙段内的数据,而在所提出的方法中,一个衰落可破坏2个或更多的时隙段内的一行数据。这又使得任何纠错编码都无法成功地恢复所收到分组的可能性增加,从而导致ARQ(自动重复请求)的增加以及通过量的全面下降。
因此,需要一种用于无线系统中数据通信的改进方法,来解决这些以及相关的问题。
图1是依据本发明的第一和第二实施例的无线通信系统的方框图;
图2是显示依据本发明的第一实施例的MAC层分组分段和交错的图表;
图3示出MAC层子信道的结构图;
图4示出依据本发明的第二实施例的多帧结构图;
图5示出依据本发明的第二实施例的子信道接入和分配;
图6示出依据本发明的第二实施例的接入和数据传送的通信联系;
图7示出图1的无线通信系统中不同的功能实体间的通信联系。
图8是一状态图,示出图1的无线通信系统中用户接入的过渡状态;
图9示出依据本发明的第二实施例的上行线路多帧结构;以及
图10是一表格,示出用于本发明的第二实施例的接入控制参数。
这些及其它的问题可由依据本发明的改进的方法及设备解决。本发明的当前的一个优选实施例是一基于用户数据优先级来分配一个或多个子信道的系统。在从基站接收到一个包括当前优先服务级消息的控制消息后,用户单元决定是否发出对于一个或多个子信道的接入请求。收到分配/接入请求后,系统基础结构根据接入请求确定是否分配子信道给用户单元。接入和调度周期性地更多的接入请求,当收到一个更高优先级消息时,则推迟完成较低优先级消息,而允许进行较高的优先级请求。因此,提供了一种改进的接入过程,随着数据业务优先级的增加,其接入时间也越来越快。在另一实施例中,多个子信道被请求,当被分配时,将一数据分组分割成多个数据单元,每一数据单元通过不同的子信道发出。由于分割和传输对不同的子信道的影响与交错原先的数据分组的影响类似,利用本发明可以实现更为健全和更高的通过量。
现在参照图1,它一般性地描绘了一个无线通信系统100,它有一个或多个用户单元(即移动台(MS)105),它们通过基站(BS)110和基站控制器(BSC)115进行通信。用户单元可以有各种形式,如专用数据单元(如个人数字助理(PDA)),适配与数据终端相连的无线电话(如便携式电脑)或无线适配器设备(如适配与电脑相连的无线调制解调器,消息填充等),以及其它类似的设备。在任一种情况下,用户单元包括一个收发信机107和处理器106,它依据服务系统协议为无线数据通信而得到适当的编程。在图示的情况下,示出了一个GPRS-GSM联合系统,可以认为这里讨论的实施例也同样适用于任何其它无线通信系统,这还包括CDPD(蜂窝数字分组数据),CDMA(码分多址),以及数据系统为ARDIS或RAM。因此,服务话音用户的GSM系统的部分包括一个MSC(移动交换中心)125,它连接到一个HLR/AUC(本地方位寄存器/鉴别中心)130和PSTN(公共交换电话网)150。GPRS部分包括一个GSN(GPRS业务节点)120,它连接到一个分组交换PDN(公共数据网)。GSN120包括数据消息的适当路由选择所需的所有信息;它也可连接到MSC 125,使得可以接入存贮在一公共平台如HLR 130中的更高层用户信息。BSC 115包括一个信道控制器116和调度器117,以及典型的BSC电路。
再参照图2和3,可以更深入地理解本系统的工作情况。图2示出依据本发明的一个实施例的分段/复用过程。一个用户分组205可以在逻辑上被认为是一系列MAC层PDU(分组数据单元)。在GPRS的情形下,每一PDU的长度是由在一个单一脉冲串/时隙期间内可传送的数据量决定。因此,在先前的技术方法中,第一PDU“A”将在第一帧(每帧有8个时隙)的第一时隙内发出,第二PDU“B”将在第二帧的第一时隙内发出,依次类推,直到所有的PDU都被发送出。由于该方法的带宽有限,所提出的另一方法是分配多个时隙并且顺序地发送PDU。因此,例如,若时隙1和2被分配,PDU“A”将在帧1的时隙1发现,PDU“B”在帧1的时隙2,PDU“C”在帧2的时隙1发出,依此类推。本实施例对上述方法作了改进,将分组205进一步分割成多个SDU(服务数据单元,如211,212和213),每一SDU在指定的子信道中传输(如图3所示,在信道305的时隙2中送出的PDU组成一个MAC层子信道SDU 310)。这样,所示情形中实际的发送序列220是时隙1中的SDU 211,时隙2中的SDU 212,和时隙3中的SDU 213。在此情形下,PDU被有效地交错,从而提供更大的抗衰落性,同时通过多个子信道增加通过量。收到多个PDU后,它被重组并纠错,成为一个原始数据分组的拷贝。
在分割数据分组的优选方法中,请求的通信单元先决定所需的通过率(即它希望申请多少子信道),并相应地将分组205分割。这使得用户可以将每一SDU的大小包括在接入申请中,如果开销许可的话。
对于简化的工作,接入申请是在每一所希望的子信道上送出的。比如,在基站广播信息指示通信资源/信道的时隙1-3可用于GPRS业务时,一个需要高通过量的用户会将其数据分组分割为3个SDU,并在所有的三个时隙上送出接入请求。当被基础结构收到时,如在BSC115的调度器117,决定是否同意接入每一子信道。在数据分组比任何其它未决的接入请求有更高的优先级时,发送一个调度消息给分配所有3个子信道的信道控制器116,并且由相应的子信道上的分配消息通知用户。
另一方面,当数据分组仅在子信道1和2上具有最高优先级时,将只分配这些子信道。剩余的子信道将被分配给更高优先级的消息,时隙3的SDU的分配被推迟;或者接入请求被拒绝,这使得用户可以在信道1-2上,或可能在不同的信道上,尝试再一次分配,不必由于子信道3上的优先队列要服务而等待更长的时间。
在另一方法中,发送一个单一接入请求申请多个子信道。相应地,调度器117或者送回一个分配消息,或者如第一种方法,将每一子信道上的分配消息分开,而用户扫描每一可能的子信道(比如所有GPRS可能的信道)以收听其分配情况。收到n个指定子信道的分配后,用户则将数据分组分割为n个数据单元,并通过n个指定子信道中相应的一个子信道传送每一数据单元。由于每一子信道可能因更高优先级数据而被推迟,每一子信道的传输相对于其它子信道最好是异步的。
在本发明的另一优选实施例中,每一子信道分配仅用于指定的一段时间,从而允许将子信道重新分配给一更高优先级的数据消息。参照图4-6,它示出了可用于实现这一特性的多帧信道结构。一个GSM控制信道多帧405具有51帧,包括BCCH(广播控制信道)帧409和CCCH(公共控制信道)帧408,FCCH(频率控制信道)帧406和SCH(同步信道)帧407。GPRS多帧无需重复SCH和FCCH帧,所以在本发明的优选实施例中,这些由上行线路信道410的控制UBG(上行线路脉冲串组)、下行线路信道420的控制DBG(下行线路脉冲串组)及业务脉冲串组所替代。在GPRS的优选方法中,一个MAC层码字(如原始数据分组的纠错编码分组数据单元(PDU))还被定义为一个4帧脉冲串组(即,它占据4个时隙,这种情况下,MAC层PDU典型地与脉冲串一致)。因此,就提供了时间同步和时分复用的上行及下行通信信道,它们具有重复控制及业务通信周期。
在此情况下,一个典型的用于上行线路数据传送的通信序列610可如下进行。在广播优先级业务参数的基础上,用户确定何时开始发送一随机的接入脉冲串505。由于一个典型的随机接收脉冲串长度有限,在这起始接入时期内,在两个业务级间,最多也只可能有有限的优先级指示器(比如,或者区分最高优先级数据与所有其它数据,或者区分所有优先级数据与“尽全力”数据,这取决于系统设计)。因此,典型地,在一补充的接入时期内需要进一步的信息,比如一个全优先级指示器(即指示所请求业务的具体级别)。在此情况下,在优先级基础上产生一个单一业务UBG 509的分配507(除非当仅有优先级数据被服务而该请求是非优先级数据时)。这一补充接入请求除了包括优先级指示器和其它所需信息(如标识符,鉴别信息,一个包括多子信道传输容量的参数,等等)外,最好还包括有关将要传送的SDU的长度的信息。调度器117接收接入请求,并且,根据信道/活动因子,比如优先级、其它未决的相似或更高优先级的请求数目、SDU的长度、鉴别结果,来确定是否分配业务子信道。确定该请求具有最高优先级后,比如比较优先级或在同一级别内的FIFO(先进先出),通过控制DBG发出一个分配,如在帧515-519内,每一帧分别对应于一个业务脉冲串组525-529。监控并接收到该分配后,用户通过指定的脉冲串组传送PDU。对于下行线路数据传送620,进行类似的分配/通信(主要的区别在于通过一个下行线路寻呼信号起始),并且在其它子信道上请求与分配多个子信道。最后,收到确认请求及纠错后,如所需的那样,产生进一步的分配531,532,以便在业务DBG 533时发送ACK(确认)及在业务DBG 544时响应。
当业务UBG被分配给第一数据业务(比如具有优先级3)时,但基站正在监控并收到一个具有更高优先级2的第二数据业务的接入请求时,该多帧控制结构有利地允许调度器117推迟完成第一用户数据的传送(即仅送出第一部分),直到送出第二用户的数据之后。如果第二用户的数据仅含有三个码字,调度器117可将下面三个业务UBG分配给第二用户,将后续的业务UBG重新分配给第一用户,以便完成对其数据分组的其余部分的发送。熟练的技术人员会认识到,该多帧结构可在任何给定系统的设计因素的基础上很容易地改变。本特定实施例的重要之处在于,仅仅对于有限的资源部分进行分配(如有限的一段时间,比如脉冲串组的最大数目),接着,对于同一数据或新的,更高优先级数据分组进行另一次分配。
现在参照图7和8,进一步示出了优选实施例的接入控制和数据传送功能。在图7中,一般地绘出了MS 710,BS子系统720和GSN 730间的控制/业务通信流。MS 710和BS/BSC都包括接入控制器(分别为712和722),及数据传输控制器(分别为714和724),而GSN 730包括一个接入管理器732。当前的配置参数,包括由使用率及接入信道统计量得出的负载和服务优先级信息,在GSN 730和BS/BSC接入控制器722间传递。在此信息基础上,确定接入控制参数,并通过BS将其广播到BS业务范围内的MS。这些接入参数最好是当前服务优先级与接入概率参数。当MS数据传输控制器714收到一个数据传送请求时,将一个传输请求消息转送到接入控制器712(即图8中从状态810转移到监控状态820)。在接入控制参数及其数据消息优先级的基础上,MS接入控制器712决定是否送出一个接入请求(状态830)或补偿(状态825),并且BS/BSC接入控制器722决定是否分配通信资源以响应这样的请求。在经过一段暂停时间和无响应后,MS 710再次尝试接入(状态835)。分配时,接入控制器722通知MS 710和子信道分配的数据接收机控制器724,数字发送机控制器714及数据接收机控制器724开始数据的传送(状态840)。
为了便于更高优先级数据的传送,最好用两种方法来限制MS接入请求。第一种方法是广播当前业务优先级消息。这一消息传递输入业务的最小QOS级/优先级,从而避免超过接入和/或业务信道的峰值负载。每一要传送数据的MS在其处理器中决定数据消息的优先级,并且如果其优先级小于当前优先业务级时,则禁止任何接入请求。如果一用户要送出业务,并且对于其它子信道的优先权业务级的比较显示:在具体业务级别上没有子信道可使用,用户则可随意选择或是自动地工是通过用户输入将数据优先(及收费)级改变为一个高到足以允许接入请求的级别。此外,如果更高优先级的其它分组在MS中排队,MS可选择在一当前排队的较低优先级分组之前发送较高的优先级数据分组。
图9和图10示出第二种方法。每一具有合格优先级的MS接着在所接收的接入控制参数基础上决定是否在当前接入周期内发送(比如,一个空闲UBG业务或控制时段)。这些参数最好包括一个接入概率值的向量{p1,p2,…pn},每一p值代表一个对应于业务/优先级1到n的p-持续值。图10的表格示出p-持续值pn的一个可能的集合。在此情形中,具有优先级1的数据有一个p向量值为.05。可使用各种广播及运用pn值的方法,其中一种如下。为了便于发送pn值,对向量中的每一值发送最接近的整数1/pn(=Wn,或一个接入窗口周期)。选择与数据优先级对应的值Wn后,MS产生一个位于1和Wn之间的随机数,作为接入延迟值,并且在发送其接入/预定请求前,计数这个允许脉冲串周期的值/数目(即,可用于接入脉冲串的数据时隙);在不允许MS接入时,暂停计数。因此,如图9所示,优先级1的分组将具有一个最大等待周期t1(901),它比优先级2到4的周期t2到t4(902-904)短得多。然而,实际的脉冲串周期905(在此送出接入请求),可与所有优先级(至少比最小优先级大的那些级)的数据业务相同,尽管它们的发生概率不同。
实现上述GPRS的一种有用的算法是所提出的考虑了三态反馈而修改的伪贝叶斯(Bayesian)算法。这三态为:空闲,成功或冲突。在此情况下,当前用户的数目n用具有均值为n的积压用户的泊松(Doisson)分布近似。这一近似,V被用来计算传输概率p=β/v,其中β是最大信道通过量发生时的值,为便于讨论,对于GPRS中的时隙ALOHA(S-ALOHA),可假定为约1.39。新到请求的到达率可有一个估计值λ,对于GPRSA-ALOHA,类似地,λ可估计最大约0.39。每一用户保留数值v(或Wn)的本地拷贝,并且根据可得的信道站信息进行更新:对于冲突,v=v+1.39;对于成功,v=max(1.39,v-0.61);对于空闲,v=max(1.39,v-1)。计算后,基站广播值P,它将被每一MS如上述那样类似地应用。
虽然连同具体的实施例已描述了本发明,显然,依据前文的描述,对于熟练的技术人员来说,许多改变、修正,及变更都是明显的。比如,尽管处理器106,信道控制器116和调度器117,及其它电路,是通过具体的逻辑/功能电路关系描述的,一个熟练的技术人员会意识到这可以多种方法实现,为恰当配置及编程的处理器,ASIC(专用集成电路),及DSP(数字信号处理器)。此外,本发明并不限于所示的蜂窝系统,也可用于其它无线数据系统。因而,可以理解,本发明并不限于上述优选实施例,它可依据所附权利要求的范围包含各种改变、修正和变更。
Claims (16)
1.通过一个无线通信系统传送数据的方法,它包含:
接收一个接入请求,至少在第一接入周期内它包含来自第一通信单元的优先级标志;
相对先前接收的任何其它未决的接入请求而言,决定第一接入请求的优先级;
当第一通信单元有一最高优先级时,在第一业务周期内分配一个通信资源给第一通信单元,用于数据分组第一部分的传送;
通过另一个具有更高优先级标志的通信单元,在第二接入周期内监控另一个接入请求,当接收到上述另一接入请求时,在第二业务周期内分配通信资源给另一通信单元;以及
在又一另外的接入周期内,确定第一通信单元再次具有最高的优先级,响应于此,在又一另外的业务周期内,分配通信资源给第一通信单元用于数据分组的另外部分的传送。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中第一部分是一个第一码字,而第一业务周期是一个第一业务脉冲组。
3.权利要求1的方法,还包含:对于通信资源确定一个当前的业务优先级,该通信资源是第一子信道,它广播相应于当前业务优先级的接入控制参数。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中当前的业务优先级是基于信道活动性的程度而确定的。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中信道活动性的程度是基于活动因素而确定的,活动因素至少包含以下内容之一:具有最高优先级的一组未决的接入请求的一个优先等级;全部未决接入请求的数量,相应于全部未决的接入请求的每个业务数据单元的大小。
6.一个用于传输数据的无线通信系统,包括一个基站控制器,它连接到至少一个基站,基站控制器包括:
一个信道控制器,用来决定通信资源的当前业务优先级,通过基站发出一接入控制参数,并且分配通信资源以响应收到的接入请求;以及
一个连接到信道控制器的调度器,用来决定哪一个接入请求具有最高优先级,并发出一调度消息给识别上述接入请求之一的信道控制器。
7.权利要求6的系统,其中基站进一步连接到一个业务节点,用于接收关于通信资源的负载信息,而信道控制器还进一步工作,用于在负载信息的基础上决定当前的业务优先级。
8.一个无线通信系统中传输数据的用户单元,包括:
一个收发信机,用于接收来自系统的基站的接入控制参数;以及
处理器装置,根据接入控制参数和一个未决的数据消息的优先级,决定是否送出一个接入请求。
9.权利要求8的用户单元,其中处理器装置进一步工作,当优先级小于对应于接入控制参数的当前业务优先级时,禁止送出接入请求;否则,根据一个基于接入控制参数的接入概率和未决数据消息的优先级,决定是否送出接入请求。
10.通过一个无线通信系统传输数据的方法,它包括:
接收一个控制消息,该控制消息指示在第一子信道上允许接入的通信消息的当前优先业务级;
将当前优先业务级与第一数据消息的优先级比较;
当第一数据消息的优先级至少与当前优先业务级一样大时,发送一个接入请求,该接入请求包括第一数据消息用的优先级标志;以及
监控第一子信道的分配。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中接收的步骤进一步地包括接收至少一个控制消息,该控制消息指示在第一子信道上允许接入的通信消息的当前优先业务级和另外子信道用的另外当前优先业务级;还包括:
当第一子信道用的当前优先业务级大于第一数据消息的优先级时,将另外的当前优先业务级与优先级比较,以决定另外的子信道之一是否可用。
12.权利要求11的方法,还包括,当另外子信道的所有另外的当前优先业务级大于第一数据消息的优先级时,决定是否增加第一数据消息的优先级。
13.权利要求10的方法,还包括:
在第一数据消息优先级的基础上,决定一个接入概率值;以及
在接入概率值的基础上,决定是否发送该接入请求。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中决定接入概率值的步骤包括:接收接入控制参数,它指示与一组可能的优先级相对应的一组持续值,决定哪一组持续值对应于第一数据消息的优先级,并且通过产生一个随机数来决定接入概率值,该随机数介于1和上述一组持续值的逆之间。
15.通过一个无线通信系统传输数据的方法,包括:
接收一个控制消息,该控制消息包括接入控制参数,指示与一组可能优先级相对应的一组持续值,那些优先级是用于确定何时发出通信资源的第一子信道的接入请求;
确定哪一组持续值对应于第一数据消息的优先级;
在上述一组持续值的基础上,确定接入延迟值;
在接入延迟值的基础上发送接入请求。
16.权利要求15的方法,还包括将第一数据消息的优先级与后续存贮消息的优先级比较,当后续存贮消息之一具有大于第一数据消息的优先级的第二优先级时,在对应于第二优先级的另一组持续值的基础上,确定是否发送对上述后续存贮消息之一的接入请求。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0847657A4 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
EP1626594A3 (en) | 2007-06-20 |
EP0847657A1 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
CN1090433C (zh) | 2002-09-04 |
WO1997009836A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
EP1626594A2 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
US5752193A (en) | 1998-05-12 |
EP1626594B1 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
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