CN1190585C - Down-the-hole hammer percussion static-pressure cased-drilling method for unconsolided and broken formation - Google Patents
Down-the-hole hammer percussion static-pressure cased-drilling method for unconsolided and broken formation Download PDFInfo
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- CN1190585C CN1190585C CNB021446563A CN02144656A CN1190585C CN 1190585 C CN1190585 C CN 1190585C CN B021446563 A CNB021446563 A CN B021446563A CN 02144656 A CN02144656 A CN 02144656A CN 1190585 C CN1190585 C CN 1190585C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a follow-pipe drilling method for loosed and crushed strata by utilizing down-the-hole hammer impact and static pressure. The method is a drilling method that the impact of the down-the-hole hammer on the upper part of a casing pipe and the static pressure of the drilling machine self on the casing pipe are utilized, and a wall protection casing pipe is loaded in a hole. The main power for the casing pipe loading is the impact force of the down-the-hole hammer, and the static pressure of the drilling machine performs the auxiliary function. The method can utilize a miniature portable drilling rig and a machine tool to carry out follow-pipe drilling on the unstable strata and the loosed and crushed strata by the down-the-hole hammer impact and the static pressure, the drilling efficiency is high, the hole formation quality is good, and the device is convenient to carry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of boring, the down-the-hole hammering blow static pressure that particularly relates to a kind of loose and broken formation is with pipe bit hole method.
Background technology
As everyone knows, so-called loose and broken formation, as layer of sand, ovum gravel stratum, zone of fracture, piece stone backfill stratum etc., when carrying out drilling construction for this type stratum both at home and abroad at present, the hole wall instability often appears, the piece that very easily caves in, the circle is classified as caving ground with it in probing, is a world-class probing difficult problem; For the different stratum of all kinds, its drilling construction method is also different, and the problem of existence is also different, as for the caving ground thinner thickness, there is certain adhesion stress between the formation particles, formation pore is smaller, does not have the stratum of bigger leakage, adopts the positive and negative circulation of mud off to creep into, technical requirement is strict, because of water logging mud viscosity is diminished easily or the hole in mud pressure variations cause hole wall collapse, cause underground drilling accident, drilling efficiency is low, bit wear is serious; For hard formation, employing steel cable percussion drilling is crept on the ovum gravel stratum that contains erratic boulder, Rolling Stone, utilize the way of dosing clay in the compacted and hole of the impact of drill bit, effective retaining wall guarantees the stable of hole wall, but the chance water hole in, when formation pore is bigger, hole wall is difficult for stable, the steel cable impact rotating hours only accounts for 0.27%～0.4% of net cycle time, and drilling efficiency is low, and the steel cable percussion drilling can only creep into straight hole; Along with progress of science and technology; shortcoming at above-mentioned two kinds of drilling methods existence; adopt the down-the-hole hammer to advance with pipe bit with one heart; this method is by the casing protection hole wall; retaining wall is effective; but outer tube revolution when creeping into; rotary torque is bigger; so need to be equipped with than high pulling torque; more powerful slewing drilling machine; rig weight is big, is subjected to the restriction of transportation condition, and some works areas are difficult to enter; limited by rig moment of torsion and drilling tool intensity; the degree of depth of creeping into is generally more shallow, can't construct for creeping into of deep hole, and therefore these boring methods can not satisfy creeping into of loose and broken formation fully at present; and such caving ground is at water well drilling; slope anchorage; geological mapping; workload is very big again in the engineering construction of earthquake prospecting, suddenly waits to improve and innovate.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to advance the shortcoming that job practices is deposited with pipe bit with one heart at above-mentioned down-the-hole hammer, be that rotary torque is bigger, be equipped with more powerful slewing drilling machine, rig weight is big, owing to limited by transportation condition, some works areas are difficult to enter, simultaneously again because of shortcomings such as drilling depth are more shallow, the down-the-hole hammering blow static pressure that a kind of loose and broken formation is provided is with pipe bit hole method, the advantage of this method is that sleeve pipe retaining wall, hole wall are stable, help the carrying out of postorder work behind the pore-forming, as anchor cable, anchor pole, work apparatus, explosive etc. down down are installed in the hole; The 2nd, no mud off, hole wall good penetrability, pollution-free to the stratum, favourable to phreatic exploitation; The 3rd, when playing setting of casing, sleeve pipe does not turn round and helps the protective casing screw thread, is convenient to dismantle sleeve pipe yet; The 4th, can select the slow-speed of revolution, little moment of torsion, small-power, the light rig of weight for use, construction equipment drops into little, and the complex-terrain resettlement is easily; The 5th, adopt the down-the-hole hammer as surge generator, improve the utilization rate of air compressor, simplified the structure of rig; The 6th, adopt air to do power and creep into, help the construction in drought and water shortage area.The design of technical solution of the present invention mainly is to utilize down-the-hole hammer at the impact on sleeve pipe top and rig self static pressure to sleeve pipe, with a kind of drilling method in the hand-hole under the protection casing, the major impetus that sleeve pipe is lowered to is the impact force of down-the-hole hammer, the static pressure of rig helps out, therefore the calculating of immersed tube resistance is the key that down-the-hole hammering blow static pressure advances with pipe bit, being calculated as follows of immersed tube resistance:
According to " Soviet Union's building acts ", the ultimate bearing capacity of stake comprises end resistance and the native frictional force two parts of stake, and the formula that sleeve pipe sinks to the maximum resistance reference calculation of gravel layer is:
P
max＝nm(c∑af
il
i+Aδ
f)
In the formula: P
Max---the ultimate bearing capacity of sleeve pipe, KN
N---consider the specific dispersivity (nonuniformity coefficient) of rock physical property, logical
Often get n=0.7
M---service factor is for house, bridge and hydraulic structure, m=1
C---stake girth, n
A---safety factor is impacted immersed tube, a=1
f
i---the standard value of the skin friction resistance of i layer soil.The average equivalent diameter
The gravel layer f of 45mm
i=12～58kN/m
2, (because of the loose journey on stratum
Degree is different and different)
l
i---the thickness of i layer soil, suppose l
i=20m is a kind of stratum
A---the section area at stake end place
δ
f---the ultimate stress on stake bottom portion stratum, δ
f=1200～9800kN/m
2(root
Type and void ratio according to the stratum are different and different);
As calculated, it is dark that steel sleeve is lowered to ovum gravel 20m, and it is as shown in the table that maximum sinks to the result of calculation of resistance.
Sleeve pipe sinks to the calculation of resistance value
| The sleeve pipe specification | Diameter (mm) | 108 | 127 | 146 | 168 | 214 |
| Wall thickness (mm) | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 10 | |
| Sink to resistance (KN) | 58～288 | 67～324 | 80～397 | 92～456 | 119～600 | |
Next is the estimation of down-the-hole hammering blow power, under the effect of pressure-air, piston in the down-the-hole hammer pumps, move downward by hitting impact anvil, make the down-the-hole hammer produce downward impact force,, draw the impact force P characteristic curve over time of down-the-hole piston through experimental study so the down-the-hole hammer is a kind of instrument device that can produce axial impact force, as shown in drawings, the maximum value P of the down-the-hole of different size hammer temporary impact
MaxAlso show different, WC-150 type pneumatic down-hole hammer in routine work, P
Max=90KN, when meeting the axial non-displacement of competent bed or hammering block, P
MaxCan be bigger, the impact force of WC-200, WC-250, WC-300 type down-the-hole hammer is respectively 2～8 times of WC-150 down-the-hole hammer, therefore, and by analyzing, utilize the impact force and the rig static pressure of down-the-hole hammer (to be generally 10～15KN), in loose no consolidated formation, sleeve pipe can be lowered in the stratum; Be the sleeve bottom force analysis once more, as shown in Figure 2, geological casing pipe belongs to steel tubing, near absolute elastic body, damping loss factor to vibration wave is extremely low, the energy attenuation that the shock wave that former down-the-hole hammer piston is added in hammering block is propagated in sleeve pipe is minimum, can ignore, sleeve pipe 1 bottom connects shoe 11, the material of shoe 11 is 35SiMnMoV, the hardness height, and abrasion resistance is good, the shoe 11 bottom band basils 12, under the impact force synergy that the static pressure and the down-the-hole of rig are hammered into shape, bottom granule 13 is pressed to the blade both sides by shoe 11, and 14 of the sillars that the big thickness of area is relatively thin can be cut off by shoe 11, if formation pore is bigger, the sillar 15 that then thickness is big also can or press to hole wall by shoe 11 extrusion rollings; By above-mentioned analysis, the solution of the present invention is feasible; Facility of the present invention are to hammer down-the-hole into shape the bottom hammering block, promptly are that the drill bit tail structure improves, and it directly is connected with sleeve pipe or rig, and instead making joint pulls out cover to impact setting of casing or impact; Job practices of the present invention:
1) during the perforate immersed tube, need that the down-the-hole hammer is instead made joint and is connected with annular tube reducer union, for the guiding of sleeve pipe, need the limit turn round the impact of static pressure limit, rotating rotating speed 20-30rpm carries out the impact rotating sleeve pipe that follows up;
When 2) rotary torque was very big, sleeve pipe stopped revolution, utilized the static pressure of rig and down-the-hole hammering blow pipe down, chose the static pressure of rig, blast, air quantity that down-the-hole is hammered into shape according to the specification of using the down-the-hole hammer; The air quantity 3-5m of down-the-hole hammer work
3/ min, control blast 0.3-0.5Mpa is in case damage sleeve pipe;
When 3) impact static pressure Sleeve drill does not advance, should adopt pneumatic down-hole hammer to carry out conventional direct circulation in sleeve pipe and creep into, the crushing rock formation with in the sleeve pipe returns out sleeve pipe, and creeps into downwards as much as possible;
4) creep into when the direct circulation of down-the-hole hammer and meet the hole of collapsing to creep into the time, then repeat to impact static pressure again and advance with pipe bit;
5) can't be when running into boulder at the bottom of the hole with when pipe, the down-the-hole hammer can be lowered in the sleeve pipe it is smashed or drills, or continue with pipe or descend the little specification sleeve pipe of one deck again, repeat to follow pipe bit to advance again.
6) when rising when pulling out sleeve pipe, the down-the-hole hammer is inverted, is taken down drill bit, casing protector, hammering block, change annular tube reducer union, inlet suction port in top connection, at the other end the anti-joint of beating is housed, from down-the-hole hammer lower end air intake, hit on the piston and instead make joint, produce impact force upwards, impact force reaches sleeve pipe by down-the-hole hammer outer shell, the rig hoisting mechanism with instead make joint and be connected, sleeve pipe is pulled out in the quiet pull-up that makes progress, and rises under the quiet pulling force synergy that makes progress of make progress impact force and rig that down-the-hole is hammered into shape and pulls out sleeve pipe.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a down-the-hole hammering blow transient force curve map of the present invention.
Fig. 2 advances schematic diagram for sleeve structure of the present invention and hole subdrilling.
Fig. 3 advances schematic diagram for down-the-hole hammer of the present invention perforate with pipe bit.
Fig. 4 advances schematic diagram for down-the-hole hammer of the present invention vibrations with pipe bit.
Fig. 5 is a hole structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 pulls out the sleeve pipe schematic diagram for counter the playing of the present invention.
1 be sleeve pipe, 11 for shoe, 12 for the basil, 13 for granule, 14 for sillar, 15 for the bulk cobble, 2 for down-the-hole hammer, 3 for piston, 4 for drill bit, 5 for casing protector, 6 for down-the-hole hammer top connection, 7 be that inlet suction port, 9 is that annular tube reducer union, 10 is a hammering block for instead making joint, 8.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figures 3 to 5, when the perforate immersed tube, need that the down-the-hole hammer is instead made joint 7 and be connected,, need revolution static pressure limit, limit to impact for the guiding of sleeve pipe with annular tube reducer union 9, rotating rotating speed is 20-30rpm, wind is entered by the top connection of down-the-hole hammer, and piston hits hammering block 10 3 times, produces downward impact force, the work waste gas of down-the-hole hammer is discharged through instead beating joint 7 and lower end, as shown in Figure 3; When rotary torque was very big, sleeve pipe 1 stopped revolution, utilized the static pressure of rig and down-the-hole hammering blow to descend pipe, according to the specification of selecting the down-the-hole hammer for use, chose the blast and the air quantity of down-the-hole hammer; When impacting the static pressure Sleeve drill and not advancing, should adopt pneumatic down-hole hammer in pipe, to carry out conventional direct circulation and creep into, make joint 7 and annular tube reducer union 9 takes off anti-, load onto casing protector 5, drill bit 4, crushing rock formation with in the sleeve pipe returns out sleeve pipe, and creeps into downwards as much as possible; Creep into when the direct circulation of down-the-hole hammer and to meet the hole of collapsing to creep into the time, then repeat to impact static pressure again and advance, as shown in Figure 4 with pipe bit; Can't the down-the-hole hammer can be lowered in the sleeve pipe with when pipe when running into boulder at the bottom of the hole, it is smashed or drills, or continue with pipe or descend the little specification sleeve pipe of one deck again, as shown in Figure 5, repeat to follow pipe bit to advance again; When rising when pulling out sleeve pipe, the down-the-hole hammer is inverted, take down drill bit 4, casing protector 5, hammering block 10, hammer down-the-hole into shape top connection 6 and annular tube reducer union 9, inlet suction port 8 links to each other, link to each other with sleeve pipe 1 again, hammer 2 other ends into shape at down-the-hole the anti-joint 7 of beating is housed, from down-the-hole hammer lower end inlet suction port 8 air intakes, hit on the piston 3 and instead make joint 7, produce impact force upwards, impact force reaches sleeve pipe 1 by down-the-hole hammer outer shell, and the rig hoisting mechanism is made joint 7 and is connected with anti-, sleeve pipe 1 is pulled out in the quiet pull-up that makes progress, and upwards rises under the synergy of the quiet pulling force that makes progress of impact force and rig at down-the-hole hammer and pulls out sleeve pipe 1.
Utilize the specific embodiment of down-the-hole hammering blow static pressure with pipe bit hole method:
Formation condition: 0～7.5m is clay, lam, sand, hard plastic clay, and 7.5～12.0m is that (ovum gravel equivalent diameter 45mm, the designing requirement steel pipe is lowered to ovum gravel 1m to gravel layer.
Construction facility: BTGJD-2 type engineering geologic investigation rig, WC-150 down-the-hole hammer, W-9/7 air compressor machine.
Advancing efficient 12m/h with pipe bit, is 15 times of conventional method.Finish steel pipe pile construction working amount 170m.
Embodiment 2 is underwater demolition hole, Song Hua River, a Jilin Province construction works
Formation condition, depth of water 5m, 0～1.5m is a sandy gravel under the riverbed, 1.5m is following to be basalt, the Northeast's winter construction.
The facility that use: BTGJD-2 type rig, W12/10 air compressor machine, WC-150, WC-110 type down-the-hole hammer, φ 127 geology thickening sleeve pipe.
Advance efficient 10m/h with pipe bit, solved the technical barrier that conventional method can't be crept into, creep into workload 1500m in the boulder bed.
Formation condition: 0～9m is tunnel gadding (average equivalent diameter 400mm), and 9～20m is mountain front deluvium (certain gluing is arranged).60 ° of side slope angles, large type drill is difficult to transport to the scene.
Use facility: BTGJD-2 type rig, WC-150 down-the-hole hammer, WC-85 down-the-hole hammer, W-9/7 air compressor machine, φ 146 geological casing pipes.
With pipe bit depth degree 9m, drilling efficiency 8m/h, the amount of finishing the work 72m.
Embodiment 4 is lotus flower power station, a Mudanjiang observation well construction works
Formation condition: 0～20m backfill sand, cobble, decayed rock, rock (granular size inequality, equivalent diameter 15～500m).
Use facility: G-3 type engineering geologic investigation rig, W-9/7 air compressor machine, WC-150, WC-110, WC-85 down-the-hole hammer, φ 127, φ 146 geological casing pipes.
Adopt full hole to advance pure drilling efficiency 9m/h, the amount of finishing the work 60m with pipe bit.
Use facility: MD-50 type jumbolter, W-12/10 air compressor machine, WC-110, J80 down-the-hole hammer.φ 127 geological casing pipes.
Advance 10m, drilling efficiency 8.5m/h, the amount of finishing the work 470m with pipe bit.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of down-the-hole hammering blow static pressure of loose and broken formation is with pipe bit hole method, be to adopt rig, down-the-hole hammer and facility, the down-the-hole hammer directly is connected with rig with sleeve pipe, the method that sleeve pipe is pulled out in pipe or impact under impacting, it is characterized in that: during the perforate immersed tube, need that the down-the-hole hammer is instead made joint and be connected with annular tube reducer union, revolution static pressure limit, limit is impacted, and carries out impact rotating follow-up sleeve pipe; When rotary torque was very big, sleeve pipe stopped revolution, utilized the static pressure of rig and down-the-hole hammering blow to descend pipe, according to the specification of using the down-the-hole hammer, chose the static pressure of rig, air quantity, the blast of down-the-hole hammer; When impacting the static pressure Sleeve drill and not advancing, should adopt pneumatic down-hole hammer in sleeve pipe, to carry out conventional direct circulation and creep into, make joint and annular tube reducer union takes off anti-, load onto casing protector, drill bit, crushing rock formation with in the sleeve pipe returns out sleeve pipe, and creeps into downwards as much as possible; Creep into when the direct circulation of down-the-hole hammer and to meet the hole of collapsing to creep into the time, then repeat to impact static pressure again and advance with pipe bit; Can't the down-the-hole hammer can be lowered in the sleeve pipe with when pipe when running into boulder at the bottom of the hole, it is smashed or drills, or continue with pipe or descend the little specification sleeve pipe of one deck again, repeat to follow pipe bit to advance again; When boring is finished, should rise and pull out sleeve pipe, at this moment the down-the-hole hammer is inverted, take down drill bit, casing protector, hammering block, the top connection of down-the-hole hammer links to each other with annular tube reducer union, inlet suction port and sleeve pipe, at other end device the anti-joint of beating is arranged, from down-the-hole hammer lower end air intake, hit on the piston and instead make joint, produce impact force upwards, impact force reaches sleeve pipe by down-the-hole hammer outer shell, the rig hoisting mechanism pulls out sleeve pipe with instead playing the joint quiet pull-up that is connected, makes progress, and rises under the quiet pulling force synergy that makes progress of make progress impact force and rig that down-the-hole is hammered into shape and pulls out sleeve pipe.
2, follow pipe bit hole method according to the down-the-hole hammering blow static pressure of the described a kind of loose and broken formation of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the anti-joint of beating of the facility of said this method is connected with sleeve pipe by annular tube reducer union or is connected with rig, and has the cross gravity vent on the joint anti-beating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021446563A CN1190585C (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2002-11-29 | Down-the-hole hammer percussion static-pressure cased-drilling method for unconsolided and broken formation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021446563A CN1190585C (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2002-11-29 | Down-the-hole hammer percussion static-pressure cased-drilling method for unconsolided and broken formation |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1419034A CN1419034A (en) | 2003-05-21 |
| CN1190585C true CN1190585C (en) | 2005-02-23 |
Family
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021446563A Expired - Fee Related CN1190585C (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2002-11-29 | Down-the-hole hammer percussion static-pressure cased-drilling method for unconsolided and broken formation |
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| CN102235151B (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2013-05-08 | 成都中铁隆工程集团有限公司 | Advanced hole-forming method of sand gravel boulder layer |
| CN102002943B (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2012-07-11 | 昆明捷程桩工有限责任公司 | Construction method of rock-socketed secant filling pile |
| CN101982614A (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2011-03-02 | 昆明捷程桩工有限责任公司 | Method for drilling rocks into pile by utilizing all casing drill |
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