CN114517639B - Method for exploration of filled-in and broken-stone soil sites - Google Patents
Method for exploration of filled-in and broken-stone soil sites Download PDFInfo
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- CN114517639B CN114517639B CN202210082649.7A CN202210082649A CN114517639B CN 114517639 B CN114517639 B CN 114517639B CN 202210082649 A CN202210082649 A CN 202210082649A CN 114517639 B CN114517639 B CN 114517639B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010291 electrical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013316 zoning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B6/00—Drives for drilling with combined rotary and percussive action
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to an exploration method of a filled-in stone and crushed stone soil field. The method comprises the following steps: preparation: material preparation, personnel preparation and mechanical preparation all meet the exploration requirements; drilling and exploration: if the overlying strata are large-grain hard rock framework strata; selecting exploration hole sites, starting from the surface layer of the ground, and drilling exploration holes on the surface layer of the ground by adopting impact rotary drilling equipment; simultaneously, the sleeve is followed; exploration of the underlying strata: penetrating the casing pipe by adopting rotary drilling equipment, and continuing core drilling, in-situ testing and sampling of the underlying stratum to serve as a sample, wherein the engineering geophysical prospecting test: arranging a geophysical prospecting test exploration line, carrying out engineering geophysical prospecting tests such as a high-density electrical method and the like, and excavating engineering machinery: the material composition of the large-grain hard rock framework stratum and the stratum above is ascertained and recorded. And integrating the multiple recorded results to form final stratum information of the target site, so that collapse situations occurring when the rock stratum is unstable in the exploration skeleton are reduced, and the aims of shortening the construction period and reducing the cost and enhancing the efficiency are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of geotechnical engineering exploration, in particular to an exploration method of a filled stone and crushed stone soil field.
Background
The engineering construction site has complex and changeable geological conditions, and often meets deep boulders, block stones, gravels with large particle sizes, gravels and filled sites, wherein the main part of the rock and soil layers is medium-breeze rock with different particle sizes and other hard rocks as frameworks, and sand, silt, cohesive soil or mixed soil is used as a filler.
Because the thickness of the rock-soil layer is large, the difficulty of the foundation pile penetrating through the layer is extremely high, the cost is extremely high, and most engineering construction can take the foundation pile as a foundation bearing layer of engineering as far as possible through relevant foundation treatment technology on the premise of finding the current stratum distribution of a field, so that the foundation pile is particularly important for exploration of the layer and the stratum below the layer.
In view of the above related art, the inventors believe that the hard rock skeleton particles of the rock-soil layer are uneven in density and even partially discontinuous, are easy to be disturbed in the investigation construction process, are easy to form dislocation among the skeletons, have hard texture, cause drilling difficulty, have drilling sticking accidents, and are easy to have accidents such as water leakage, slurry leakage, hole collapse, drilling sticking, burying and the like due to the loss of fillers among the skeletons in the drilling and construction processes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce collapse situations occurring when an exploration framework is unstable in rock stratum, improve drilling efficiency in an exploration process and reduce exploration cost, the application provides an exploration method for a rock filling and gravel soil field.
The application provides an exploration method of a rock filling and gravel land, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the exploration method of the filled stone and broken stone soil field comprises the following steps:
Step S1, preparation work: material preparation, personnel preparation and mechanical preparation all meet the exploration requirements; familiarizing with the surrounding environment of the target site, and primarily judging the geological distribution structure of the target site according to the surrounding environment; determining an exploration scheme, and leveling a field according to the field condition of a target field;
Step S2, drilling exploration: if the overlying strata are large-grain hard rock framework strata; selecting exploration hole sites, starting from the surface layer of the ground, and drilling exploration holes on the surface layer of the ground by adopting impact rotary drilling equipment; synchronously tracking the sleeve into the exploration hole;
After the percussion rotary drilling equipment drills through the overlying stratum, continuously drilling the underlying stratum to a preset interval, stopping, and taking out the casing-following drilling tool from the casing; the sleeve stays in the exploration hole; preliminarily recording drilling conditions and formation distribution characteristics;
Step S3, exploration of the underlying stratum: penetrating the casing pipe by adopting rotary drilling equipment, continuing core drilling, in-situ testing and sampling on the underlying stratum to serve as a sample, and recording corresponding drilling conditions, stratum distribution characteristics, material composition conditions and in-situ testing results; carrying out an indoor test on a sample, and recording the indoor test result;
The recorded results of the overlying stratum and the underlying stratum are first geological results, wherein the first geological results comprise the distribution condition, thickness, material composition and engineering characteristics of the underlying stratum;
step S4, extracting the sleeve: backfilling the exploration hole, recovering the sleeve and cleaning the sleeve, and then continuously using the sleeve in the next exploration hole;
Step S5, engineering geophysical prospecting test: selecting a site typical section, arranging a geophysical prospecting test exploration line, performing engineering geophysical prospecting tests such as a high-density electrical method, determining relevant parameters, referring to a comparison geophysical field change rule, rechecking engineering geophysical prospecting results in combination with the condition of the existing drilling stratum, and finding out the geological distribution condition of a target site as a second geological result, wherein the second geological result comprises geological type distribution and thickness of the target site;
Step S6, engineering machinery excavation: selecting part of exploration holes, excavating a target site by adopting a long-arm excavating machine open excavation mode at the exploration holes, when the excavation depth is not less than 6 meters, adopting a rock-soil sample to carry out an indoor test, observing the section after excavation, and finding out the material composition, grain composition and uniformity of the large-grain-size hard rock skeleton stratum as a third geological result.
By adopting the technical scheme: if the overlying stratum is a large-grain-size hard rock skeleton stratum such as a boulder, a block stone, a large-grain-size pebble, broken stone soil of broken stone, a filled stone and the like, the deep large-grain-size hard rock skeleton stratum can be efficiently penetrated by using the impact rotary drilling equipment, the casing pipe is simultaneously followed in the drilling process, and the problems of hole collapse, slurry leakage, drilling burying, drilling sticking and the like are prevented by using the casing pipe retaining wall, so that the drilling efficiency is high, the function consumption is less, and the material consumption is less;
In addition, the geological result obtained by drilling is used as a first geological result, an engineering geophysical prospecting test is adopted to obtain a second geological result, a third geological result obtained by excavation observation is adopted, the first geological result, the second geological result and the third geological result are integrated to form final stratum information of a target site, the defects generated by a single exploration means are overcome through the mutual matching of multiple exploration means, the advantages of the single exploration means are fully exerted, the quality of the exploration result is ensured, and the method has the advantages of high efficiency, low loss and economy.
Optionally, the step S2 of drilling exploration further comprises the following steps:
Water sampling is carried out on a large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum: after the impact rotary drilling equipment enters the current large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum, standing for a period of time, taking a water sample of the large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum, and carrying out an indoor test.
By adopting the technical scheme, the groundwater in the stratum with the large grain size hard rock framework is sampled after the impact rotary drilling equipment stops for a period of time, mainly considering that the water level and water quality in the stratum with the large grain size hard rock framework are changed in the use process of the impact rotary drilling equipment, after the impact rotary drilling equipment stands for a period of time, the water level is restored to be stable, impurities are precipitated, and the possibility that groundwater in other layers and exploratory holes collapse are mixed in the drilling process is reduced by the casing pipe wall protection; thereby maintaining the continuation of the current hole site exploration operation.
Optionally, a casing drilling technology is adopted, the outer diameter of the air down-the-hole hammer is larger than the outer diameter of the casing in the drilling process, drilling is stopped, the hole forming diameter is larger than the diameter of the casing, and when the drilling tool is pulled out, the outer diameter of the air down-the-hole hammer is smaller than the outer diameter of the casing.
By adopting the technical scheme, on one hand, the convenience of inserting the sleeve into the exploration hole can be ensured, and the sleeve can be prevented from being carried out when the drilling tool is pulled up; on the other hand, as the impact rotary drilling equipment can cause disturbance of a geological structure when drilling, after the impact rotary drilling equipment drills downwards, the geological structure on a drilled path of the impact rotary drilling equipment is partially protruded and falls off, if the outer diameter of a pipeline is smaller than that of an air down-the-hole hammer, a certain amount of allowance space is reserved between the outer wall of the sleeve and the inside of the exploration hole after the sleeve follows the exploration hole, so that the stress of the sleeve when supporting the inner wall of the exploration hole can be reduced; in addition, the pipe-following drilling can be realized, and accidents such as drill sticking, drill burying, hole collapse and the like in the drilling process are prevented.
Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps:
Before the sleeve is pre-inserted into the exploration hole, lubricant is smeared on the outer wall of the sleeve.
By adopting the technical scheme, the side wall friction generated between the sleeve and the inner wall of the exploration hole is reduced.
Optionally, the sleeve comprises a side pipe unit, an annular groove is formed in the side pipe unit in a penetrating manner, and the annular groove extends along the length direction of the positioning cylinder frame; and a through hole is formed in one side, far away from the axis of the positioning cylinder frame, of the side pipe unit, and the through hole is communicated with the annular groove.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, install when need smear lubricant to sheathed tube outer wall, can insert the sleeve pipe behind the exploration hole, continue to pour into the lubricant to the ring channel at top in, flow to the sleeve pipe outer wall by the through-hole of each height, when the sleeve pipe is last to the exploration hole bottom inlay, can guarantee that the lateral wall of sheathed tube bottom still maintains the lubrication state to further reduce the lateral wall friction that produces between sleeve pipe and the exploration hole inner wall.
Optionally, the sleeve further comprises a positioning column frame, and the positioning column frame is sleeved outside the side pipe unit.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can strengthen sheathed tube intensity through the location main part frame on the one hand, on the other hand can be alone when continuing to use after extracting the side pipe unit, the support of prospecting hole inner wall still can be realized temporarily to the location cylinder frame.
Optionally, the outer walls of the positioning cylinder frame and the side pipe units are provided with threads.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when needs are pulled out the sleeve pipe is whole by the investigation hole in, adopt with the torque and the upward pulling force of the joint screw thread syntropy of locating cylinder frame outer wall, the convenience when improving the longer sleeve pipe of pull out length.
Optionally, the step S2 of drilling exploration further includes the following steps:
judging whether the impact rotary drilling equipment penetrates through a large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum or not according to the broken particles discharged from the current exploration hole;
If the core residues discharged from the current exploration hole are changed from broken stone particles into soil, the drilling speed, the reverberation condition and the color of the core residues discharged from the sleeve are changed; the percussive rotary drilling apparatus is deemed to have penetrated a large particle size hard rock matrix formation; and continuously starting the percussion rotary drilling equipment to drill down to a preset depth, and then executing the step S3.
By adopting the technical scheme, the dry and wet degree of the crushed particles discharged from the casing can be observed in real time, the first-time water level burial depth of a field can be ascertained, the change of the rock and soil layers can be primarily known by observing the crushed particles discharged from the casing in real time, the material composition and state of each rock and soil layer can be ascertained, the drilling equipment conversion is carried out according to the formation change, coring, sampling and in-situ testing are carried out, and the distribution condition, engineering characteristics and physical and mechanical properties of the rock and soil layers of the underlying stratum are ascertained.
Optionally, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
the ground condition of the field is known through stepping, and the topography, the climate environment and the surface characteristics are familiar;
And (5) investigating the change of terrains and features, the source of filling soil, the stacking period and the stacking mode, and knowing the stratum distribution condition of the surrounding environment of the target site.
Optionally, the step S6 specifically further includes the following:
judging whether the thickness of the large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum in the target site is ultra-deep;
and if the thickness of the large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum in the target site is ultra-deep, enabling the excavator to adopt a multi-stage excavation mode.
By adopting the technical scheme, the distribution rule of the stratum can be known as much as possible in a multi-stage excavation mode of the excavator, and the material composition, grain composition and uniformity of large-grain-size hard rock skeleton stratum such as a boulder, a block stone, a large-grain-size pebble, a crushed stone soil layer and the like can be intuitively known; the rock-soil sample is adopted for the indoor test on the side wall formed by excavation, so that the problem that the upper stratum can not be subjected to the indoor test by adopting the original sample can be solved.
In summary, the application has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
1. The impact rotary drilling technology is utilized to efficiently penetrate deep boulders, block stones, large-grain-size pebbles, broken stone soil of broken stones, filling stones and other large-grain-size hard rock framework strata, the casing pipe is simultaneously followed in the drilling process, and the casing pipe wall is utilized to prevent the problems of hole collapse, slurry leakage, drilling burying, drilling sticking and the like, so that the drilling efficiency is high, the function consumption is low, and the material consumption is low;
2. through engineering geophysical prospecting experiments such as a high-density electrical method, the existing reliable drilling data in the field can be used for referencing and comparing the change rule of the geophysical field, the layering of the ground stratum, the zoning of the weathered layer, the burial depth of bedrock and the like can be economically and rapidly ascertained, the exploration workload can be reduced, the aim of reducing the exploration cost is achieved, the problems of multiple interpretation of the geophysical prospecting results can be made up by combining the drilling results and mutual verification, the accuracy of the exploration results is greatly improved, and the exploration results are supplemented and verified;
3. The method is simple and quick, and can also overcome the defect that stratum identification and description cannot be carried out due to the adoption of an impact rotary drilling technology consisting of an air down-hole hammer and an air compressor.
4. By adopting the technical scheme, the defects generated by a single exploration means are overcome through the mutual matching of a plurality of exploration means, the advantages of the single exploration means are fully exerted, the quality of exploration results is ensured, and the advantages of high efficiency, low loss and economy are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a method of exploration of a rockfill and gravel land in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of a bushing in an embodiment of the application;
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the sleeve in the axial direction of the annular groove in an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a sleeve; 11. positioning a column frame; 12. a side pipe unit; 124. an annular groove; 125. a through hole; 126. a flow guiding surface; 2. an impact rotary drilling apparatus.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, fig. 1 to 3 and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
The embodiment of the application discloses an exploration method of a filled-stone and crushed-stone soil field.
Referring to fig. 1, the exploration method of the rockfill and gravel land includes the steps of:
Step S1, preparation work: material preparation, personnel preparation and mechanical preparation all meet the exploration requirements; familiarizing with the surrounding environment of the target site, and primarily judging the geological distribution structure of the target site according to the surrounding environment; determining an exploration scheme, and leveling a field according to the field condition of a target field;
The preparation of the material specifically comprises the following steps:
Step S1, preparation work: material preparation, personnel preparation and mechanical preparation all meet the exploration requirements; familiarizing with the surrounding environment of the target site, and primarily judging the geological distribution structure of the target site according to the surrounding environment; determining an exploration scheme, and leveling a field according to the field condition of a target field;
specifically, step S1 includes the steps of:
S1.1, surveying and knowing the ground condition of a target site, and familiarizing with topography, climate environment and surface characteristics;
s1.2, investigating the topography and ground object transition of a target site, the source of filling soil, the stacking period and the stacking mode, and knowing the stratum distribution condition of the surrounding environment of the target site;
And S1.3, collecting investigation reports to near-field relevant units, and knowing geological conditions, investigation schemes and adopted construction processes.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the mechanical preparation specifically includes, but is not limited to, the following: casing 1, percussive rotary drilling apparatus 2, rotary drilling apparatus, lubricant and earth sampler; the lubricant can be lubricating oil, graphite powder, slurry and the like; the impact rotary drilling equipment 2 in the embodiment adopts a YM-160 pneumatic down-the-hole hammer drill/water well drill; the sleeve 1 is sleeved on an output shaft of the impact rotary drilling equipment, and the impact rotary drilling equipment 2 is also provided with a follow-up device capable of synchronously pushing/pulling the sleeve 1 into/out of a drilled hole; the rotary drilling device in the embodiment can adopt XY-100, XY-150 and XY-200 type drilling machines.
In order to ensure that the conventional drilling is smoothly performed after the casing 1 is smoothly lowered, the diameter of the down-the-hole hammer should be at least 1 size level larger than the diameter of the casing 1, and the diameter of the casing 1 should be at least 1 size level larger than the diameter of a drilling tool in the conventional drilling process.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the sleeve 1 includes a positioning cylinder frame 11 and a side pipe unit 12; the side pipe unit 12 is sleeved in the positioning cylinder frame 11; the side tube units 12 are made of a lightweight material, thereby reducing the overall weight of the sleeve 1.
The outer walls of the positioning column frame 11 and the side pipe unit 12 are provided with threads; when the whole casing pipe 1 and the side pipe unit 12 are required to be pulled out from the exploration hole independently, the torque and the upward pulling force which are in the same direction with the joint threads of the outer wall of the positioning cylinder frame 11 can be adopted, so that the convenience in pulling out the casing pipe 1 with a longer length is improved.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a plurality of annular grooves 124 are formed in the side pipe unit 12 in a penetrating manner, and the annular grooves 124 are distributed at equal intervals in a circumference manner by taking the axis of the side pipe unit 12 as the center of a circle; the annular groove 124 extends along the length direction of the positioning cylinder frame 11; the side pipe unit 12 is provided with a through hole 125 at one side far away from the axis of the positioning cylinder frame 11, and the through hole 125 is communicated with the annular groove 124 and is obliquely arranged, so that fluid in the annular groove 124 can flow to the through hole 125 conveniently.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a flow guide surface 126 is obliquely provided at a communication position between the through hole 125 and the annular groove 124, so that fluid in the annular groove 124 flows in the direction of the through hole 125; the outside of the positioning cylinder frame 11 is provided with a plurality of empty window areas in a penetrating way, the plurality of empty window areas are arranged corresponding to the plurality of through holes, the inner wall of the positioning cylinder frame 11 is abutted with the inner wall of the side pipe unit 12, and the end parts of the two ends of the side pipe unit 12 are connected with the positioning cylinder frame 11 through bolts; when the lubricant flows out from the through hole 125, the lubricant can extend according to the inner wall of the hollow window area, so that the extension surface of the lubricant in the through hole 125 is improved, and the lubricant and the smearing area in the exploration hole are increased.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, step S2 drill exploration: if the geology closest to the ground is a large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum; starting from the surface layer of the ground, drilling a exploratory hole in the surface layer of the ground by adopting impact rotary drilling equipment 2; applying lubricant to the outer wall of the sleeve 1; and simultaneously, the sleeve 1 is synchronously followed into the exploration hole through the follow-up equipment.
The method for applying the lubricant specifically comprises the following steps:
step S2.1: before the sleeve 1 enters the exploration hole, the lubricant can be directly coated on the outer wall of the sleeve 1 by adopting a spraying/coating mode.
Step S2.2: after the sleeve 1 enters the exploration hole to a certain depth, high-voltage equipment is adopted to pour lubricant into the annular groove 124 at the highest position of the sleeve 1; after flowing from the annular grooves 124 to the diversion surface 126, the lubricant flows into the through holes 125 with different heights one by one, and then flows to the outer wall of the sleeve 1.
Step S2.3: and the exploratory staff judges whether the impact rotary drilling equipment 2 penetrates through the large-grain-size hard rock skeleton stratum according to the broken particles discharged from the current exploratory hole and by combining the conditions of drilling speed, reverberation, color change of core residues discharged by the sleeve, and the like.
Step S2.2 and step S2.3 are performed simultaneously.
Step S2.4: after the stratum with the current large-grain size hard rock framework is broken down, the impact rotary drilling equipment 2 continues to drill the underlying stratum to a preset interval, then the drilling is stopped, and the pipe following equipment is taken out from the casing 1; the casing 1 rests in the exploration hole.
If the core residues discharged from the current exploration hole are changed from broken stone particles into soil, the drilling speed, the reverberation condition and the color of the core residues discharged from the sleeve are changed; the percussive rotary drilling apparatus 2 is considered to have penetrated a large particle size hard rock matrix formation; and continues to start the percussive rotary drilling apparatus 2 down to a preset depth and then performs step S3.
The preset depth is set to not less than 1 meter in this embodiment.
Step S2.5: water sampling is carried out on a large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum: after the impact rotary drilling equipment 2 drills into the current large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum, calculating the actual thickness of the large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum of the target site according to the length of a drilling tool of the impact rotary drilling equipment 2; standing for a period of time, taking a water sample of the stratum with the large-particle-size hard rock framework, and carrying out an indoor test.
The water sample for the stratum with the large-grain-size hard rock framework comprises the following steps of:
Step S2.5.1: selecting water taking depth according to 1m below the actual water level depth of the large-grain hard rock framework stratum of the target site;
Step S3, exploration of the underlying stratum: adopting rotary drilling equipment to continuously core drill, in-situ test and sample the underlying stratum to serve as a sample, and recording corresponding drilling conditions, stratum distribution characteristics, material composition conditions and in-situ test results; carrying out an indoor test on a sample, and recording the indoor test result; the recorded results of the overlying stratum and the underlying stratum are first geological results, wherein the first geological results comprise the distribution condition, thickness, material composition and engineering characteristics of the underlying stratum;
Specifically, the type, depth and distribution change rule of the underlying stratum can be obtained through the drilling process and the on-site observation of the coring site; in-situ testing and performing indoor test on a sample taken out of an underlying rock-soil layer to obtain physical and mechanical indexes and engineering characteristics of the underlying stratum;
Step S4, extracting the sleeve 1, backfilling the exploration hole, recovering the sleeve 1 and cleaning the sleeve, and then continuously using the sleeve in the next exploration hole;
Step S5, engineering geophysical prospecting test: selecting a site typical section, arranging a geophysical prospecting test exploration line, performing engineering geophysical prospecting tests such as a high-density electrical method, rechecking and determining relevant parameters, referring to a geophysical field change rule, finding out the geological distribution condition of a target site, rechecking engineering geophysical prospecting results according to the condition of the existing drilling stratum, and finding out the geological distribution condition of the target site as a second geological result, wherein the second geological result comprises geological type distribution and thickness of the target site;
Through the mutual matching of various exploration means, the drilling workload can be reduced, the aim of reducing the exploration cost is achieved, the problems that the exploration results are interpreted in various ways can be solved by combining with the exploration results and mutual verification, the accuracy of the exploration results is greatly improved, and the method is also used for supplementing and verifying the exploration results.
S6, excavating engineering machinery;
Step S6.1: judging whether the thickness of the large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum in the target site is ultra-deep;
If the thickness of the large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum in the target site is ultra-deep, enabling the excavator to adopt a multi-stage excavation mode;
Step S6.2: and excavating a target site at the exploration hole in an open cut mode of a long-arm excavating machine, taking a rock-soil sample and observing the section after excavation when the local excavation depth reaches not less than 6 meters, and finding out the substance composition, grain composition and uniformity of the large-grain-size hard rock skeleton stratum as a third geological result.
Specifically, the impact rotary drilling equipment 2 can be used for efficiently penetrating deep and large-grain-size hard rock skeleton stratum, the casing pipe 1 is simultaneously followed in the drilling process, and the problems of hole collapse, slurry leakage, drill burying, drill sticking and the like are prevented by using the protection wall of the casing pipe 1, so that the impact rotary drilling equipment has the advantages of high drilling efficiency, less functional consumption and less material consumption; in addition, the recorded and taken sample of preliminary drilling is used as a first geological result, a second geological result is obtained by adopting engineering geophysical prospecting tests such as a high-density electrical method and a geological radar, the first geological result, the second geological result and the third geological result are integrated to form final stratum information of a target site, and the defects generated by a single exploration means are overcome through the mutual matching of multiple exploration means, so that the advantages of the single exploration means are fully exerted, the quality of exploration results is ensured, and the method has the advantages of high efficiency, low loss and economy.
The foregoing embodiments are only used to describe the technical solution of the present application in detail, but the descriptions of the foregoing embodiments are only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application. Variations or alternatives, which are easily conceivable by those skilled in the art, are included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The exploration method of the filled stone and broken stone soil field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step S1, preparation work: material preparation, personnel preparation and mechanical preparation all meet the exploration requirements; familiarizing with the surrounding environment of the target site, and primarily judging the geological distribution structure of the target site according to the surrounding environment; determining an exploration scheme, and leveling a field according to the field condition of a target field;
Step S2, overlying stratum exploration: if the overlying strata are large-grain hard rock framework strata; selecting exploration holes, starting from the surface layer of the ground, and drilling the exploration holes on the surface layer of the ground by adopting impact rotary drilling equipment (2); synchronously follow-up the sleeve (1) into the exploration hole;
After the percussion rotary drilling equipment (2) drills through the overlying stratum, continuously drilling the underlying stratum to a preset interval, stopping, and taking out the drilling tool from the casing (1); the sleeve (1) stays in the exploration hole; preliminarily recording drilling conditions and formation distribution characteristics;
Step S3, exploration of the underlying stratum: penetrating the casing (1) by adopting the impact rotary drilling equipment (2), continuing core drilling, in-situ testing and sampling on the underlying stratum, and recording corresponding drilling conditions, stratum distribution characteristics, material composition conditions and in-situ testing results; carrying out an indoor test on the sample as a sample, and recording the indoor test result;
The recorded results of the overlying stratum and the underlying stratum are first geological results, wherein the first geological results comprise the distribution condition, thickness, material composition and engineering characteristics of the underlying stratum;
Step S4, extracting the sleeve (1): backfilling the exploration hole, recovering the sleeve (1) and cleaning the sleeve, and then continuously using the sleeve in the next exploration hole;
Step S5, engineering geophysical prospecting test: selecting a site typical section, arranging a geophysical prospecting test exploration line, performing a high-density electrical engineering geophysical prospecting test, determining relevant parameters, referring to a geophysical field change rule comparison, rechecking engineering geophysical prospecting results in combination with the condition of the existing drilling stratum, and finding out the geological distribution condition of a target site as a second geological result, wherein the second geological result comprises geological type distribution and thickness of the target site;
Step S6, engineering machinery excavation: selecting part of exploration holes, excavating a target site by adopting a long-arm excavating machine open excavation mode at the exploration holes, when the excavation depth is not less than 6 meters, adopting a rock-soil sample to carry out an indoor test, observing the section after excavation, and finding out the material composition, grain composition and uniformity of the large-grain-size hard rock skeleton stratum as a third geological result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S2 of drilling the survey further comprises the steps of:
water sampling is carried out on a large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum: and after the impact rotary drilling equipment (2) enters the current large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum, standing for a period of time, taking a water sample of the large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum, and carrying out an indoor test.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the percussive rotary drilling device (2) uses an air down-the-hole hammer, the outer diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of the casing (1) during drilling, the hole diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the casing (1), the outer diameter of which is smaller than the outer diameter of the casing (1) when drilling is stopped and the drilling tool is pulled up.
4. A method of exploration of rockfill and gravel land according to claim 3, further comprising the steps of:
Before the sleeve (1) is pre-inserted into the exploration hole, lubricant is smeared on the outer wall of the sleeve (1).
5. The method for exploration of the rock filling and soil breaking site according to claim 4, wherein the sleeve (1) comprises a side pipe unit (12), an annular groove (124) is formed in the side pipe unit (12) in a penetrating manner, the sleeve (1) further comprises a positioning cylinder frame (11), and the positioning cylinder frame (11) is sleeved outside the side pipe unit (12); the annular groove (124) extends along the length direction of the positioning cylinder frame (11); and a through hole (125) is formed in one side, far away from the axis of the positioning cylinder frame (11), of the side pipe unit (12), and the through hole (125) is communicated with the annular groove (124).
6. The method of exploration of rockfill and gravel land according to claim 5, characterized in that the outer wall of the positioning cylinder frame (11) is provided with threads.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S2 of drilling the hole further comprises the steps of:
judging whether the impact rotary drilling equipment (2) penetrates through a large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum or not according to the broken particles discharged from the current exploration hole;
If the core residues discharged from the current exploration hole are changed from broken stone particles into soil, the drilling speed, the reverberation condition and the color of the core residues discharged from the sleeve are changed; the percussive rotary drilling apparatus (2) is considered to have penetrated a large particle size hard rock matrix formation; and continuously starting the percussive rotary drilling equipment (2) to drill down to a preset depth, and then executing the step S3.
8. The method of exploration of rockfill and gravel land according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 comprises the steps of:
the ground condition of the field is known through stepping, and the topography, the climate environment and the surface characteristics are familiar;
And (5) investigating the change of terrains and features, the source of filling soil, the stacking period and the stacking mode, and knowing the stratum distribution condition of the surrounding environment of the target site.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step S6 further comprises the following steps:
judging whether the thickness of the large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum in the target site is ultra-deep;
and if the thickness of the large-grain-size hard rock framework stratum in the target site is ultra-deep, enabling the excavator to adopt a multi-stage excavation mode.
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