CN1190234C - 大规模工业化生产螺旋藻多营养素的生产工艺 - Google Patents
大规模工业化生产螺旋藻多营养素的生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生化分离纯化技术领域，本发明从螺旋藻中通过冻融破壁，抽提，加天然或改构的生物絮凝剂絮凝，离心，上清浓缩，冻干而得到可溶性螺旋藻多营养素，并用它制成多种剂型，作为保健食品，可用来提高机体的红细胞数，增加携氧量，抗疲劳、抗衰老、抗辐射、降血脂、增强机体的免疫功能等。
Description
一、技术领域：
本发明属于生化分离纯化技术领域。
二、背景技术：
螺旋藻含多糖、藻蓝蛋白、不饱和脂肪酸及各种维生素，对人体具有提高免疫功能、促进红细胞生成、抗疲劳、抗辐射、抗衰老、降血脂等多种功能。在一九七二年国际第二次微生物蛋白质会议及一九七四年联合国粮农组织会议上，螺旋藻被公认为“人类未来的优秀食品资源”而受推荐发展的典型产品。故而受到各国的重视，并对其功能进行了研究。食用螺旋藻可以明显地促进红细胞的生成，分离螺旋藻中的藻蓝蛋白可在体外刺激红系集落的生成，有类似红细胞生成素(EPO)的效果，体内试验结果表明，由化疗药物引起的红细胞减少，藻蓝蛋白可明显地促进红细胞生成，国外很多文献报导，藻蓝蛋白能改善贫血，提高血色素，增加机体携氧量，从而增强机体的耐缺氧能力，并具有抗疲劳的作用。
藻蓝蛋白可提高机体的免疫功能，抵抗多种疾病，1982年Lijima等曾研究小鼠口服藻蓝蛋白，能提高注射肝肿瘤细胞小鼠的成活率，且实验组小鼠淋巴细胞活性明显比对照高。1986年美国哈佛医学院Schwartz和Shklar发现藻蓝蛋白对一些癌细胞有抑制作用。螺旋藻多营养素含有大量多糖，现已证明螺旋藻多糖对提高机体免疫和调节血脂具有明显的作用，它还有利于癌症病人辐射损伤的恢复，对高血脂病人的降血脂也有明显的效果。
藻蓝蛋白可作天然食用色素，螺旋藻多营养素含水溶性藻蓝蛋白，无毒、蓝色、有荧光，可作食品和化妆品的着色剂。也可用于生物萤光试剂等。
我国螺旋藻的养殖已大面积推广，但其产品仍停留在全藻粉的水平，作为保健食品需大剂量服用才有效果，但螺旋藻作为植物细胞，胞壁较厚，不容易被消化吸收，每日需服10-30克以上，事实上很难被完全消化，浪费很多，再加上藻体本身偏碱(pH8.0-10)，大量服被完全消化，浪费很多，再加上藻体本身偏碱(pH8.0-10)，大量服用会中和胃酸，影响胃的消化功能，另外螺旋藻带有难闻的腥味，口味极差。所以全藻粉是一种十分初级的产品。
三、发明内容：
1.发明目的：
本发明目的是制备一种全溶性的螺旋藻多营养素制剂，该制剂保留了螺旋藻中的主要有效成分，其中包括藻蓝蛋白、别藻蓝蛋白、小分子多肽，螺旋藻多糖，饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸、酶、维生素、核酸、微量元素、叶绿素等。作为一种保健食品可做成各种胶囊、软胶囊、片剂、咀嚼片和口服液等多种剂型。该保健食品具有促进红细胞生成，提高血红蛋白水平，抗疲劳，升白细胞，抗辐射，提高免疫功能，增强学习记忆，抗衰老等保健功能。
另外还可以用于食品、饮品、化妆品的添加剂及进一步开发成药品。
螺旋藻多营养素做成的保健食品，可适用于中老年人群、大运动量人群，肿瘤放化疗人群、青春期女性贫血人群、高血脂人群、慢性肾功能衰竭伴发贫血人群、外科手术前自体储血及手术后贫血人群、妊娠期及产后贫血人群、再生障碍性贫血人群、类风湿性关节炎和系统性红斑狼疮伴发贫血人群、慢性炎症或感染引起的贫血人群等。
螺旋藻多营养素中含水溶性藻蓝蛋白，无毒、蓝色、有荧光，可作食品和化妆品的着色剂，也可用于生物荧光试剂等。
2.发明技术方案：
本发明从螺旋藻藻粉开始，加入5mM磷酸盐缓冲液，-30℃反复冻融、破壁，加入天然或改构的生物(甲壳素类)絮凝剂絮凝，使不溶物沉淀，4000×g离心10分钟，收集上清，冻干即得螺旋藻多营养素干粉，可以制成片剂、咀嚼剂等各种剂型。
本发明在制得螺旋藻多营养素后的离心沉淀物，还可用来制备螺旋藻多糖。
本发明制得的螺旋藻多营养素中含有藻蓝蛋白，可进一步纯化成高纯度的藻蓝蛋白，做为生产生化试剂的原料。
3.发明效果：
本发明从全藻粉中经生化分离纯化技术得到一种全溶性的多营养素，保留了螺旋藻的原有的营养成分，而避免了目前螺旋藻全藻粉保健品的服量过大、腥味重、碱性大影响消化功能等严重缺点。
本发明所得的螺旋藻多营养素为蓝色水溶性制剂，中性，无异味，亦可冷冻干燥后呈蓝色粉末状制品，该制品经测定，其中含有藻蓝蛋白8-10％。用该制品对两种动物(大、小鼠)进行急性毒性试验，试验结果LD50均大于21500mg/kg.bw，说明该产品无毒性。三致即致畸、致突变、致癌试验，结果阴性。给大鼠30天喂养后，检测机体的各项指标，均无异常，由此表明该制品长期服用无不良反应。该制品经口服给予小鼠不同剂量30天，能明显延长小鼠脑缺血性缺氧时间、延长小鼠亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间。根据“保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法”的规定，而判定该制品具有耐缺氧作用。另外再将该制品经口服给予小鼠不同剂量30天后，能明显延长小鼠游泳时间、显著降低小鼠运动后血清尿素氮水平，显著提高小鼠运动后乳酸清除的速率，并显著提高小鼠肝糖原含量。根据有关规定判定该制品具有抗疲劳作用。将该制品配成一定的浓度，经口服给与正常小白鼠8天，并与阳性对照药红细胞生成素进行比较，结果显示，该制品比红细胞生成素促进红细胞生成的效果更好。另外用化疗药物先造成小鼠红细胞贫血，然后口服给于该制品，并与红细胞生成素比较，结果显示该制品比红细胞生成素有更强的抵抗化疗药对红细胞生成的影响。该制品的兴奋剂检测结果显示，未发现国际奥委会2000年规定禁用的刺激剂、麻醉剂、β-阻断剂、利尿剂和甾体激素类药物。该制品经稳定性试验表明，保质期为24个月。
四、具体实施方式
称取15Kg藻粉，加5mM pH7.3磷酸缓冲液(PBS)150L，分装在冻融罐中，-30℃反复冻融三次破壁，第三次融化搅匀藻体冻解液后，加入生物絮凝剂甲壳素(按干藻粉1∶0.2的比例)，混匀后，静置絮凝2小时，4000×g离心10min 4℃，去沉渣，收集上层清液得上清138L，浓缩冻干得螺旋藻多营养素干物质5Kg。
Claims (1)
1.一种螺旋藻多营养素的生产工艺，其特征是称取一定量螺旋藻藻粉，按1∶10加入5mMpH7.3磷酸缓冲液，-30℃反复冻融三次破壁，第三次融化搅匀藻体冻解液后，加入生物絮凝剂甲壳素(按干藻粉1∶0.2的比例)，混匀后，静置絮凝2小时，4000×g离心10min4℃，去沉渣，收集上层清液，浓缩冻干得螺旋藻多营养素干物质。
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| CN102020705B (zh) * | 2009-09-15 | 2012-08-15 | 长江大学 | 一种螺旋藻分离蛋白的制备方法 |
| CN103732084B (zh) * | 2011-10-04 | 2016-08-03 | 朴哲勇 | 螺旋藻土豆乳酸发酵汁 |
| CN105341938B (zh) * | 2015-10-10 | 2018-06-26 | 北京康比特体育科技股份有限公司 | 一种降低大强度运动后呼吸道感染率的保健食品 |
| CN105661517B (zh) * | 2016-01-26 | 2018-10-30 | 三明市海鼎堂商贸有限公司 | 一种有效成份高浓缩的珊瑚草保健冲剂的制备方法 |
| CN108939054A (zh) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-07 | 广州加原医药科技有限公司 | 一种中药组合物纳米制剂 |
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