CN118647282A - 具有改善的味道和口感的包含蛋白质甜味剂的饮料 - Google Patents
具有改善的味道和口感的包含蛋白质甜味剂的饮料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118647282A CN118647282A CN202280091070.5A CN202280091070A CN118647282A CN 118647282 A CN118647282 A CN 118647282A CN 202280091070 A CN202280091070 A CN 202280091070A CN 118647282 A CN118647282 A CN 118647282A
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Classifications
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- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/02—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation containing fruit or vegetable juices
- A23L2/04—Extraction of juices
- A23L2/06—Extraction of juices from citrus fruits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
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Abstract
本文提供了包含至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的低热量饮料。该蛋白质甜味剂的作用是增强某些饮料的口感和/或调节饮料的一种或多种味道属性以提供具有更多蔗糖增甜味道特征的饮料。本文还详述了制备饮料的方法和增强饮料的口感和/或一种或多种味道属性的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2021年12月30日提交的美国临时专利申请号63/295,080的优先权,该临时专利申请的内容特此通过引用并入。
发明领域
本发明总体上涉及含有至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的低热量饮料。本发明进一步延伸到增强低热量饮料的口感和味道品质的方法,使低热量饮料尝起来更像糖增甜的饮料的方法,以及制备饮料的方法。
发明背景
天然有卡路里的糖,如蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖被用来给饮料和食物提供令人愉悦的味道。蔗糖赋予消费者偏爱的味道。虽然蔗糖提供了优越的甜味特征,但它不利地是有卡路里的。
消费者越来越偏爱无卡路里或低卡路里的饮料(例如“低热量”、“卡路里减少”、“轻饮料”、“卡路里减少的饮料”等)。然而,饮料的这些低热量形式通常具有较低的消费者接受率,因为它们缺乏其常规富卡路里饮料对应物的口感、醇度和风味。高强度甜味剂可以部分或完全替代此类饮料中的高卡路里成分,但是维持常规饮料的风味、口感和醇度的挑战仍然存在。
因此,需要具有减少量的有卡路里的甜味剂(例如,碳水化合物甜味剂)的改善的低热量饮料配制品,这些配制品提供令人满意的口感和更类似蔗糖的味道特征。
发明概述
在一个方面,本发明提供了一种包含至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的低热量饮料。该至少一种蛋白质甜味剂调节该低热量饮料的一种或多种味道属性以使该饮料尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料和/或增强该低热量饮料的口感。
蛋白质甜味剂可以是天然存在的蛋白质甜味剂或经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂。
蛋白质甜味剂以约2ppm至约20ppm的浓度存在于饮料中。
在某些实施例中,低热量饮料进一步包含至少一种另外的非蛋白质甜味剂。在某些实施例中,甜味剂是高效甜味剂。特别希望的高效甜味剂包括甜菊醇糖苷(例如,莱鲍迪苷A、B、D、M和N)和甜菊醇糖苷混合物、罗汉果苷(例如,罗汉果苷V、赛门苷I、罗汉果苷IV、以及罗汉果苷IIIe)和罗汉果苷混合物。在其他实施例中,甜味剂是碳水化合物甜味剂、合成甜味剂、糖醇甜味剂、或稀有糖。在某些实施例中,低热量饮料包含蔗糖。本文还考虑了一种或多种另外的甜味剂的组合。
在另一方面,本发明提供了一种增强低热量饮料的口感的方法,该方法包括(i)提供低热量饮料和(ii)以与不存在至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的低热量饮料相比有效增强低热量饮料的口感的量向低热量饮料中添加至少一种本文所述的蛋白质甜味剂。
在另一方面,本发明提供了一种使低热量饮料尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料的方法,该方法包括(i)提供低热量饮料和(ii)以与不存在至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的低热量饮料相比有效调节低热量饮料的一种或多种味道属性以使低热量饮料尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料的量添加至少一种本文所述的蛋白质甜味剂。
在另一方面,本发明提供了一种制备饮料的方法,该方法包括(i)提供低热量饮料和(ii)将至少一种蛋白质甜味剂添加到低热量饮料中。
发明的详细说明
I.定义
“氨基酸序列”用来描述具有氨基酸序列的蛋白质。因此,术语“参考蛋白质”等同于术语“参考氨基酸序列”并且术语“经修饰的蛋白质”等同于术语“经修饰的氨基酸序列”。
如本文所用,“饮料”是指适于人类消耗的液体。
如本文所用,“低热量饮料”是指卡路里减少饮料,包括中卡路里饮料、低卡路里饮料和零卡路里饮料。一些低热量饮料可以含有蔗糖,但其量小于富卡路里饮料。本文的低热量饮料包含至少一种非蔗糖甜味剂,例如高效甜味剂。
如本文所用,“富卡路里饮料”是指每8盎司份具有61卡路里至约120卡路里的饮料。富卡路里饮料典型地用有热量的甜味剂(例如,蔗糖或果糖)增甜。
如本文所用,“中卡路里饮料”是指每8盎司份具有41至60卡路里的饮料。
如本文所用,“低卡路里饮料”是指每8盎司份具有6至40卡路里的饮料。
如本文所用,“零卡路里饮料”是指每8盎司份具有小于5卡路里的饮料。
如本文所用,“饮料基质”是指含有除甜味剂或甜味剂组合物之外的所有典型成分的饮料。
如本文所用,“饮料产品”是指即饮饮料、饮料浓缩物、饮料糖浆、或粉状饮料。合适的即饮饮料包括碳酸饮料和非碳酸饮料。碳酸饮料包括但不限于冷冻的碳酸饮料、增强的起泡饮料、可乐、水果风味的起泡饮料(例如,柠檬-酸橙、橙、葡萄、草莓和菠萝)、姜汁汽水、软饮品和根汁汽水。非碳酸饮料包括但不限于果汁、水果风味果汁、果汁饮品、花蜜、蔬菜汁、蔬菜风味汁、运动饮品、能量饮品、增强型水饮品、具有维生素的增强型水、近水饮品(例如,具有天然的或合成的调味剂的水)、椰子汁、茶类饮品(例如,黑茶、绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶)、咖啡、可可饮品、含有乳组分的饮料(例如,乳饮料、含有乳组分的咖啡、欧蕾咖啡(caféaulait)、奶茶、果乳饮料)、含有谷物提取物的饮料以及冰沙。
本文还考虑了酒精饮料,碳酸和非碳酸酒精饮料两者。可以在本发明中使用的酒精不受特别限制,并且可以是任何可饮用的酒精。实例包括酿造酒精、烈酒(例如,杜松子酒、伏特加酒、朗姆酒、龙舌兰酒)、利口酒、威士忌酒(例如,威士忌、白兰地)、烧酒和酿造酒(例如,日本清酒、葡萄酒和啤酒)。
如本文所用,“pH稳定性”是指经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂相对于参考蛋白质甜味剂在较宽pH范围下的稳定性。
如本文所用,“功能热稳定性”是指与参考蛋白质甜味剂相比,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂在暴露于高温后保持其功能的能力。
如本文所用,“天然高效甜味剂”或“NHPS”是指在自然界中天然存在并且特征性地具有大于蔗糖、果糖或葡萄糖的甜度效力又具有较低卡路里的任何甜味剂。天然高效甜味剂可以作为纯化合物或者可替代地作为提取物的一部分提供。
如本文所用,“序列相似性”或“序列同源性”是指具有相似的物理化学特性的保守的氨基酸的量(%),例如亮氨酸和异亮氨酸。在某些实施例中,“序列相似性”是指在经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂与参考蛋白质甜味剂之间保守的氨基酸的量(%)。
如本文所用,“合成甜味剂”是指在自然界中不是天然存在并且特征性地具有大于蔗糖、果糖或葡萄糖的甜度效力又具有较低卡路里的任何组合物。
如本文所用,“增甜量”是指足以可感知地使饮料变甜的物质的浓度。
如本文所用,“甜度识别阈值”是指可由人味觉感知为甜的化合物的最低已知的浓度。甜度识别阈值浓度对于特定化合物是特异性的,并且可以基于温度、基质、成分和/或风味体系而变化。1.5%(w/v)蔗糖溶液通常被认为是人可感知的最低甜味。因此,用1.5%(w/v)蔗糖溶液评价化合物的等甜度是常规的。化合物与1.5%(w/v)蔗糖溶液是等甜的浓度被认为是化合物的甜度识别阈值浓度。
如本文所用,“结构热稳定性”或“热稳定性”是指经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂在高于参考蛋白质甜味剂的温度的温度下保持其3D结构的能力。蛋白质的3D结构稳定性可以通过本领域已知的任何方法测量,如圆二色性法(CD)或热位移测定法,如差示扫描荧光测定法(DSF)或差示扫描量热法(DSC)。蛋白质的3D结构可能对蛋白质的功能有影响。值得注意的是,食品和饮料产品所需的保质期和热稳定性可能与结构热稳定性有关,并且由不同的可测量值组成,例如,巴氏灭菌可以通过不同的方案应用,并且与在非常短的时间内保持蛋白质结构的耐热性有关。
如本文所用,“味道调节剂”是指以使得消费品尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料的这样的方式积极影响消费品(例如,饮料)中的非蔗糖甜味剂的感知的化合物。例如,可以用味道调节剂掩蔽非蔗糖甜味剂的某些消极味道特性,例如苦味、酸味、涩味、咸味和金属味。在另一个实例中,口感得到改善。在还另一个实例中,甜味存留减少。在又另一个实例中,甜味起始增加。在还另一实例中,苦味存留得到改善。
如本文所用,“总罗汉果苷含量”是指样品中每种罗汉果苷的相对重量贡献的总和。
如本文所用,“总甜菊醇糖苷含量”是指样品中每种甜菊醇糖苷的相对重量贡献的总和。
II.饮料
本发明提供了至少包含至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的低热量饮料。至少一种蛋白质甜味剂调节饮料的一种或多种味道属性以使低热量饮料尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料。示例性味道属性调节包括减少或消除苦味、减少或消除苦味存留、减少或消除酸味、减少或消除涩味、减少或消除咸味、减少或消除金属味、减少或消除甘草味、改善口感、减少或消除甜味存留、增加甜味起始以及增加甜味强度。在特定实施例中,至少一种蛋白质甜味剂改善或增强口感。可以同时调节多种味道属性,使得含有蛋白质甜味剂的饮料总体上具有更多的蔗糖增甜特征。量化蔗糖增甜特征的改善的方法是本领域已知的,并且包括用不存在至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的对照进行味道测试和直方图绘图。
在一个实施例中,至少一种蛋白质甜味剂增强低热量饮料的口感和/或调节饮料的一种或多种味道属性以使饮料尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料。
A.蛋白质甜味剂
本发明的饮料包含至少一种蛋白质甜味剂。
在某些实施例中,至少一种蛋白质甜味剂选自由以下组成的组:奇异果甜蛋白、应乐果甜蛋白、马槟榔甜蛋白、培它丁(Pentadin)、布拉齐因(Brazzein)、仙茅甜蛋白(curculin或neoculin)、神秘果蛋白、卵溶菌酶(egg lysozyme)、甜松露蛋白及其组合。在某些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是天然存在的蛋白质。在某些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂源于植物,例如马槟榔、欧布利(oubli)、奇遇果、卡特莫夫果、神秘果浆果、或伦巴。在某些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂源于竹芋果、应乐果、Capparis masakai Levi、Pentadiplandrabrazzeana Baillon、Curculingo latifolia或神秘果。
在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是奇异果甜蛋白。I
在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是奇异果甜蛋白-1(基因库登录号P02883;SEQ IDNO:1)。在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是奇异果甜蛋白-2(基因库登录号P02884;SEQ IDNO:2)。
在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是包含链A(基因库登录号P02881;SEQ ID NO:3)和链B(基因库登录号P02882;SEQ ID NO:4)的应乐果甜蛋白。
在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是神秘果蛋白(基因库登录号PI 3087;SEQ IDNO:6)。
在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是仙茅甜蛋白-1(基因库登录号P19667;SEQ IDNO:7)或仙茅甜蛋白-2(基因库登录号Q6F495;SEQ ID NO:8)。
在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是布拉齐因(也称为:防御素类蛋白)(基因库登录号P56552;SEQ ID NO:9)。在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是马槟榔甜蛋白I/甜味蛋白马槟榔甜蛋白-1(基因库登录号P80351;SEQ ID NO:10)、马槟榔甜蛋白P(也称为甜味蛋白马槟榔甜蛋白-2)(基因库登录号P30233;SEQ ID NO:11)、马槟榔甜蛋白III(也称为甜味蛋白马槟榔甜蛋白-3)(基因库登录号P80352;SEQ ID NO:12)、马槟榔甜蛋白IV(也称为甜味蛋白马槟榔甜蛋白-4)(基因库登录号P80353;SEQ ID NO:13)或马槟榔甜蛋白-1链A(基因库登录号B9SA35;SEQ ID NO:14)。
在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是应乐果甜蛋白。
在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是单链应乐果甜蛋白蛋白质(也称为MNEI)(SEQID NO:5)。
在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是甜松露蛋白。甜松露蛋白最近从真菌蛋白中鉴定出,例如M.terfezoides产孢组织,根据美国专利申请号2021/0401013(通过引用并入本文)也称为“Myd多肽”。
在某些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂,如在国际公开号WO/2019/215730(通过引用并入本文)中描述的那些。经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂是基于未经修饰的“参考蛋白质”甜味剂(氨基酸序列),并且因此应注意的是,相对于参考蛋白质甜味剂,提供了本文所述的关于经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂的任何特点/特性/特征。
在一些实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂序列在自然界中未发现,并且因此被称为人工蛋白质、或合成蛋白质或工程化蛋白质。经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂可以包含天然存在的蛋白质(蛋白质的多肽链的全部或部分)或其部分的整个氨基酸序列或部分氨基酸序列。
如本文所述,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂包含具有相对于参考蛋白质甜味剂(参考氨基酸序列)至少一个、至少两个、至少三个、至少四个、至少五个、至少六个、至少十个、至少十五个、至少十八个氨基酸取代的氨基酸序列。
在一些实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂包含相对于参考蛋白质甜味剂(参考氨基酸序列)在一个至二十个之间的氨基酸取代,有时在两个至十个之间的氨基酸取代,有时在三个至十个之间的氨基酸取代,有时在三个至六个之间的氨基酸取代。
在一些实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂包含相对于参考蛋白质甜味剂(参考氨基酸序列)至少一个、至少两个、至少三个、至少四个、至少五个、至少六个、至少十个、至少十五个、或至少十八个氨基酸取代,参考氨基酸序列选自由以下组成的组:SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5、SEQ ID NO:6、SEQ ID NO:7、SEQID NO:8、SEQ ID NO:9、SEQ ID NO:10、SEQ ID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:12、SEQ ID NO:13、SEQID NO:14、SEQ ID NO:15、SEQ ID NO:16、SEQ ID NO:17、SEQ ID NO:18和SEQ ID NO:19。在一些实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂包含与参考蛋白质甜味剂氨基酸序列在60%至99%之间、在65%至99%之间、在70%至99%之间、在80%至99%之间、在85%至99%之间、在90%至99%之间或在95%至99%之间同一的氨基酸序列。
在一些实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂包含与选自由SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5、SEQ ID NO:6、SEQ ID NO:7、SEQ ID NO:8、SEQID NO:9、SEQ ID NO:10、SEQ ID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:12、SEQ ID NO:13、SEQ ID NO:14、SEQID NO:15、SEQ ID NO:16、SEQ ID NO:17、SEQ ID NO:18和SEQ ID NO:19组成的组的氨基酸序列具有至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、或至少99%同一性的氨基酸序列。
在一些实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂包含与选自由SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5、SEQ ID NO:6、SEQ ID NO:7、SEQ ID NO:8、SEQID NO:9、SEQ ID NO:10、SEQ ID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:12、SEQ ID NO:13和SEQ ID NO:14、SEQID NO:15、SEQ ID NO:16、SEQ ID NO:17、SEQ ID NO:18和SEQ ID NO:19组成的组的氨基酸序列具有在60%至99%之间、在65%至99%之间、在70%至99%之间、在80%至99%之间、在85%至99%之间、在90%至99%之间或在95%至99%之间相似性的氨基酸序列。
本文所述的经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂具有一种或多种改善的食品相关特性,包括改善的一种或多种味道属性、改善的结构热稳定性、改善的功能热稳定性、改善的pH稳定性、改善的水溶解度和/或改善的保质期稳定性。
在一些实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂相对于参考蛋白质甜味剂具有一种或多种改善的味道属性。示例性味道属性在上文中描述并且包括苦味、苦味存留、酸味、涩味、咸味、金属味、甘草味、口感、甜味存留、甜味起始、以及甜味强度。
在一些实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂相对于参考蛋白质甜味剂具有改善的结构热稳定性。
在一些实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂相对于参考蛋白质甜味剂具有改善的功能热稳定性。在特定实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂可以在较高温度下或在暴露于较高温度持续可能有限的时间之后保持甜度。换言之,在产品暴露于高于室温的温度之后,有时高达50℃,有时高达100℃,或甚至高达150℃,甜度特征或感官特征没有感知到的变化。
在一些实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂相对于参考蛋白质甜味剂具有改善的pH稳定性。在特定实施例中,在产品暴露于3至8的任何pH之后,有时在4至8之间的pH下,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂保持3D结构和/或功能。例如,苏打具有2.3-2.5的pH,其中一些蛋白质甜味剂不稳定并且立即或在比饮料的常规保质期短的时间之后失去功能。
在一些实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂相对于参考蛋白质甜味剂具有改善的水溶解度。测定水溶解度的方法是本领域已知的。水溶解度包括瞬时溶解度和平衡溶解度两者。
在一些实施例中,经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂相对于参考蛋白质甜味剂具有改善的保质期。改善的保质期是指在暴露于一组特定条件之后,包含组合物的产品的甜度(功能)或物理劣化(例如,变色、相分离等)没有感测到的变化。
在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是经修饰的布拉齐因。
经修饰的布拉齐因甜味剂在以下参考文献(通过引用并入本文)中论述:Assadi-Porter,Fariba M.,等人“Key amino acid residues involved in multi-point bindinginteractions between brazzein,a sweet protein,and the T1R2-T1R3 human sweetreceptor[参与布拉齐因(甜味蛋白)与T1R2-T1R3人类甜味受体之间的多点结合相互作用的关键氨基酸残基].”Journal of Molecular Biology[分子生物学杂志]第398卷,4(2010):584-99。
经修饰的布拉齐因蛋白质甜味剂包含至少一个选自由以下组成的组的氨基酸取代:1Q缺失、D2E、C4A、K5A、K5R、K6A、K6D、Y8A、K15A、C16A、Q17A、Q17C、Q17N、D29A、D29K、D29N、K30D、K30R、K30A、H31A、H31R、R33A、R33D、R33K、E36A、E36K、Y39A、E36Q、C37A、D40K、E41A、E41R、E41Q、E41K、K42A、K42E、R43A、R43K、R43E、R43N、Y54缺失、D50A、D50N、Y54H和Y54W。
在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是经修饰的MNEI。
在特定实施例中,经修饰的MNEI蛋白质甜味剂包含Y65R取代。在更特定实施例中,经修饰的MNEI蛋白质甜味剂具有Y65R的单个氨基酸取代,如Esposito,V.等人,TheImportance of Electrostatic Potential in The Interaction of Sweet Proteinswith the Sweet Taste Receptor[静电势在甜味蛋白与甜味受体的相互作用中的重要性].J.Mol.Biol.[分子生物学杂志]360,448-456(2006)中所述。(SEQ ID.NO:17)
另外的变体在以下参考文献(通过引用并入本文)中论述:Liu Q,Li L,Yang L,Liu T,Cai C,Liu B.Modification of the Sweetness and Stability of Sweet-Tasting Protein Monellin by Gene Mutation and Protein Engineering[通过基因突变和蛋白质工程改变甜味蛋白应乐果甜蛋白的甜度和稳定性].Biomed Res Int.[国际生物医学研究]2016;2016:3647173;Samish,I.Itamar,K.Hecht,D.Taste and flavor-modifier proteins[味道和风味修饰蛋白质],2019,US20210139546;Iijima,H.Sone,T.Method for producing single stranded monellin[用于生产单链应乐果甜蛋白的方法],1991,JP 05070494A;Castiglia D,Leone S,Tamburino R,Sannino L,Fonderico J,Melchiorre C,Carpentieri A,Grillo S,Picone D,Scotti N.High-level productionof single chain monellin mutants with enhanced sweetness and stability intobacco chloroplasts[在烟草叶绿体中具有增强的甜度和稳定性的单链应乐果甜蛋白突变体的高水平生产].Planta[植物学].2018年8月;248(2):465-476;Malhotra P,JethvaPN,Udgaonkar JB.Chemical Denaturants Smoothen Ruggedness on the Free EnergyLandscape of Protein Folding[化学变性剂使蛋白质折叠的自由能景观的粗糙度平滑].Biochemistry[生物化学].2017年8月8日;56(31):4053-4063;Sung YH,Shin J,ChangHJ,Cho JM,Lee W.Solution structure,backbone dynamics,and stability of adouble mutant single-chain monellin[双突变单链应乐果甜蛋白的溶液结构、骨架动力学和稳定性].structural origin of sweetness[甜味的结构来源].J Biol Chem.[生物化学杂志]2001年6月1日;276(22):19624-30;Leone S,Pica A,Merlino A,Sannino F,Temussi PA,Picone D.Sweeter and stronger:enhancing sweetness and stability ofthe single chain monellin MNEI through molecular design[更甜且更强:通过分子设计增强单链应乐果甜蛋白MNEI的甜度和稳定性].Sci Rep.[科学报告]2016年9月23日;6:34045;Templeton CM,Ostovar pour S,Hobbs JR,Blanch EW,Munger SD,ConnGL.Reduced sweetness of amonellin(MNEI)mutant results fromincreased proteinflexibility and disruption of a distant poly-(L-proline)II helix[应乐果甜蛋白(MNEI)突变体的减少的甜度是由增加的蛋白质柔性和远端聚(L-脯氨酸)II螺旋状物的破坏引起的].Chem Senses[化学感官].2011年6月;36(5):425-34;Zhao M,Xu X,LiuB.Structure basis of the improved sweetness and thermostability of a uniquedouble-sites single-chain sweet-tasting protein monellin(MNEI)mutant[独特的双位点单链甜味蛋白应乐果甜蛋白(MNEI)突变体的改善的甜度和热稳定性的结构基础].Biochimie[生物化学].2018年11月;154:156-163。
经修饰的MNEI蛋白质甜味剂包含至少一个选自由以下组成的组的氨基酸取代:G2M、E2N、E2M、E2D、E2Q、E2R、E2K、D8E、D8N、I8T、P10A、F11A、T12A、N14A、N14K、L15A、G16A、K17A、F18A、A19E、V20A、D21A、N25T、E22A、E23A、E23N、E23D、E23Q、E23R、E23K、E23V、N24K、I26A、Q28K、R31T、V37A、R40E、R40D、R40K、C41A、C41S、C41T、E49N、N50E、V63A、Y65F、Y65W、Y65H、Y65V、Y65I、Y65L、Y65M、Y65C、Y65A、Y65T、Y65S、Y65P、Y65G、Y65K,Y65R、S67N、D68N、D68T和R84L。
在另一个特定实施例中,经修饰的MNEI蛋白质甜味剂包含至少三个选自由以下组成的组的氨基酸取代:G2M、E2N、E2M、E2D、E2Q、E2R、E2K、D8E、D8N、I8T、P10A、F11A、T12A、N14A、N14K、L15A、G16A、K17A、F18A、A19E、V20A、D21A、N25T、E22A、E23A、E23N、E23D、E23Q、E23R、E23K、E23V、N24K、I26A、Q28K、R31T、V37A、R40E、R40D、R40K、C41A、C41S、C41T、E49N、N50E、V63A、Y65F、Y65W、Y65H、Y65V、Y65I、Y65L、Y65M、Y65C、Y65A、Y65T、Y65S、Y65P、Y65G、Y65K,Y65R、S67N、D68N、D68T和R84L。
在一些实施例中,至少三个取代选自由以下组成的组:E2N、E23V、E23A、Y65K和Y65R。在一些实施例中,至少三个取代是E2N、E23V和Y65K。在一些实施例中,至少三个取代是E2N、E23A和Y65R。
在特定实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是具有以下氨基酸序列之一的经修饰的MNEI蛋白质甜味剂:
GNWEUDIGPFTQNLGKFAVDEVNKIGQYGRLTFNKVIRPCMKKTIY ENEG FREIKGYEYQLYVKASDKLFRADISEDYKTRGRKLLRFNGPVPPP(SEQ ID NO:15),或
GNWEIIDIGPFTQNLGKFAVDEANKIGQYGRLTFNKVIRPCMKKTIY ENEG FREIKGYEYQLYVRASDKLFRADISEDYKTRGRKLLRFNGPVPPP(SEQ ID NO:16)。
在其他特定实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是具有以下突变的经修饰的MNEI蛋白质甜味剂:
E23Q、Q28K、C41S、Y65R(Leone,S.等人.Sweeter and stronger:enhancingsweetness and stability of the single chain monellin MNEI through moleculardesign[更甜且更强:通过分子设计增强单链应乐果甜蛋白MNEI的甜度和稳定性].Sci.Rep.[科学报告]6,34045;doi:10.1038/srep34045(2016),PDB 5LC7)(SEQ ID NO:18),或
Q28K、C41S和Y65R(Leone,S.等人.Sweeter and stronger:enhancing sweetnessand stability of the single chain monellin MNEI through molecular design[更甜且更强:通过分子设计增强单链应乐果甜蛋白MNEI的甜度和稳定性].Sci.Rep.[科学报告]6,34045;doi:10.1038/srep34045(2016),PDB 5LC6(SEQ ID.NO:19)。
在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂是经修饰的奇异果甜蛋白。
经修饰的奇异果甜蛋白甜味剂在以下参考文献(通过引用并入本文)中论述:OhtaK,Masuda T,Ide N,Kitabatake N.Critical molecular regions for elicitation ofthe sweetness of the sweet-tasting protein,thaumatin I[用于引发甜味蛋白奇异果甜蛋白I的甜味的关键分子区域].FEBS J[欧洲生物化学学会联合会杂志].2008年7月;275(14):3644-52;Ohta K,Masuda T,Tani F,Kitabatake N.Introduction of a negativecharge at Arg82 in thaumatin abolished responses to human T1R2-T1R3 sweetreceptors[在奇异果甜蛋白中的Arg82处引入负电荷消除了对人类T1R2-T1R3甜味受体的应答].Biochem Biophys Res Commun[生化和生物物理研究通讯].2011年9月16日;413(1):41-5;Masuda T,Kigo S,Mitsumoto M,Ohta K,Suzuki M,Mikami B,Kitabatake N,Tani F.Positive Charges on the Surface of Thaumatin Are Crucial for theMulti-Point Interaction with the Sweet Receptor[在奇异果甜蛋白表面上的正电荷对于与甜味受体的多点相互作用至关重要].Front Mol Biosci[分子生物科学前沿].2018年2月13日;5:10;以及Masuda T,Ohta K,Ojiro N,Murata K,Mikami B,Tani F,TemussiPA,Kitabatake N.AHypersweet Protein:Removal of The Specific Negative Chargeat Asp21Enhances Thaumatin Sweetness[超甜蛋白:在Asp21处特定负电荷的去除增强了奇异果甜蛋白的甜度].Sci Rep.[科学报告]2016年2月3日;6:20255。
经修饰的奇异果甜蛋白包含至少一个选自由以下组成的组的氨基酸取代:K19A、D21N、E42Q、K49A、D55N、D59A、D60A、K67A、K67E、R76A、K78A、R79A、R82A、R82E、R82Q、R82K、E89Q、K106A、K137A和K163A。
在特定实施例中,饮料包含至少两种本文所述的蛋白质甜味剂。已经发现蛋白质甜味剂的某些组合提供协同作用,特别是关于甜味强度和/或口感。
在一个实施例中,饮料包含奇异果甜蛋白和布拉齐因。在另一个实施例中,饮料包含奇异果甜蛋白和MNEI。在另一个实施例中,饮料包含布拉齐因和MNEI。蛋白质甜味剂是如上所论述的任选地经修饰的蛋白质。
饮料中的至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的浓度可以变化。至少一种蛋白质甜味剂以足以使低热量饮料尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料的量存在。在某些实施例中,至少一种蛋白质甜味剂以增甜量存在,其精确浓度将取决于蛋白质甜味剂的特性。在某些其他实施例中,至少一种蛋白质甜味剂以等于或低于蛋白质甜味剂的甜度识别阈值浓度的浓度存在于饮料中。
在一些实施例中,至少一种蛋白质甜味剂以约1ppm至约20ppm,例如像约5ppm至约20ppm、约5ppm至约15ppm、约5ppm至约10ppm、约10ppm至约20ppm、约10ppm至约15ppm或约15ppm至约20ppm的浓度存在。
在其他实施例中,至少一种蛋白质甜味剂以约1ppm至约1,000ppm,例如像约1ppm至约600ppm、约1ppm至约500ppm、约1ppm至约250ppm、约1ppm至约100ppm、约1ppm至约50ppm、约50ppm至约1,000ppm、约50ppm至约600ppm、约50ppm至约250ppm、或约50ppm至约100ppm的浓度存在。
奇异果甜蛋白优选地以约1ppm至约10ppm,例如像约2ppm至约8ppm、约4ppm至约8ppm或约6ppm至约8ppm的浓度存在。
布拉齐因优选地以约1ppm至约50ppm,例如像约10ppm至约40ppm、约10ppm至约30ppm、或约10ppm至约20ppm的浓度存在。
应乐果甜蛋白优选地以约1ppm至约1,000ppm,例如像约1ppm至约500ppm、约1ppm至约250ppm、约1ppm至约100ppm、约1ppm至约50ppm、约1ppm至约25ppm、约1ppm至约10ppm或约1ppm至约5ppm的浓度存在。
马槟榔甜蛋白优选地以约1ppm至约1,000ppm,例如像约1ppm至约500ppm、约1ppm至约250ppm、约1ppm至约100ppm、约1ppm至约50ppm、或约1ppm至约25ppm的浓度存在。
培它丁优选地以约1ppm至约1,000ppm,例如像约1ppm至约500ppm、约1ppm至约250ppm、约1ppm至约100ppm、约1ppm至约50ppm、或约1ppm至约25ppm的浓度存在。
仙茅甜蛋白优选地以约1ppm至约1,000ppm,例如像约1ppm至约500ppm、约1ppm至约250ppm、约1ppm至约100ppm、约1ppm至约50ppm、或约1ppm至约25ppm的浓度存在。
神秘果蛋白优选地以约1ppm至约1,000ppm,例如像约1ppm至约500ppm、约1ppm至约250ppm、约1ppm至约100ppm、约1ppm至约50ppm、或约1ppm至约25ppm的浓度存在。
卵溶菌酶优选地以约1ppm至约1,000ppm,例如像约1ppm至约500ppm、约1ppm至约250ppm、约1ppm至约100ppm、约1ppm至约50ppm、或约1ppm至约25ppm的浓度存在。
甜松露蛋白优选地以约1ppm至约1,000ppm,例如像约1ppm至约500ppm、约1ppm至约250ppm、约1ppm至约100ppm、约1ppm至约50ppm、或约1ppm至约25ppm的浓度存在。
在某些实施例中,至少一种蛋白质甜味剂源于卡特莫夫果。在某些实施例中,至少一种蛋白质甜味剂源于奇遇果浆果。在其他实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂(包括经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂)可以通过本领域已知的任何方法产生,例如合成地,通过从天然来源提取,重组DNA技术或通过在微生物中经由发酵罐或在植物中或在植物愈伤组织或其他生物反应器中的蛋白质产生。在一些实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂可以在细菌(如大肠杆菌)中产生。在一些其他实施例中,蛋白质甜味剂可以是酵母产生的,如酿酒酵母或毕赤酵母。
B.非蛋白质甜味剂
本文所述的低热量饮料除了至少一种蛋白质甜味剂之外还包含至少一种非蛋白质甜味剂。甜味剂组合物包含至少一种蛋白质甜味剂和至少一种非蛋白质甜味剂,如以下所论述的。
非蛋白质甜味剂以增甜量存在。非蛋白质甜味剂的特定浓度将基于特定非蛋白质甜味剂的特性、饮料基质和期望的甜度水平而变化。
在一个实施例中,非蛋白质甜味剂是甜菊醇糖苷或甜菊醇糖苷混合物。甜菊醇糖苷可以是天然的或合成的。
甜菊醇糖苷可以以纯形式或作为混合物的一部分提供。示例性甜菊醇糖苷包括但不限于,莱鲍迪苷M、莱鲍迪苷D、莱鲍迪苷A、莱鲍迪苷N、莱鲍迪苷O、莱鲍迪苷E、甜菊单糖苷、甜菊双糖苷、甜茶苷、杜克苷B、杜克苷A、莱鲍迪苷B、莱鲍迪苷G、甜菊苷、莱鲍迪苷C、莱鲍迪苷F、莱鲍迪苷I、莱鲍迪苷H、莱鲍迪苷L、莱鲍迪苷K、莱鲍迪苷J、莱鲍迪苷M2、莱鲍迪苷D2、莱鲍迪苷S、莱鲍迪苷T、莱鲍迪苷U、莱鲍迪苷V、莱鲍迪苷W、莱鲍迪苷Z1、莱鲍迪苷Z2、莱鲍迪苷IX、酶促糖基化的甜菊醇糖苷及其组合。
在特定实施例中,非蛋白质甜味剂是甜菊醇糖苷或包含莱鲍迪苷A的甜菊醇糖苷混合物。在某些实施例中,莱鲍迪苷A具有至少约55%(即,基于干基按重量计至少约55%)的纯度。在某些实施例中,莱鲍迪苷A具有至少约95%的纯度。
甜菊醇糖苷混合物甜味剂典型地具有基于干基按重量计约95%或更大的总甜菊醇糖苷含量。剩余的5%包含其他非甜菊醇糖苷化合物,例如来自提取或纯化过程的副产物。在一些实施例中,甜菊醇糖苷混合物甜味剂具有约96%或更大、约97%或更大、约98%或更大或约99%或更大的总甜菊醇糖苷含量。
在某些实施例中,甜菊醇糖苷混合物包含按重量计至少约5%,例如像至少约10%、至少约20%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%或至少约97%的特定甜菊醇糖苷。
在示例性实施例中,甜菊醇糖苷混合物包含按重量计至少约50%,例如像约50%至约99%、约50%至约80%、约50%至约70%、约50%至约60%、约60%至约99%、约60%至约80%、约60%至约70%、约70%至约99%、约70%至约80%和约80%至约99%的特定甜菊醇糖苷。
在一个实施例中,非蛋白质甜味剂是包含莱鲍迪苷A的甜菊醇糖苷混合物。例如,甜菊醇糖苷混合物可以包含按重量计至少约5%,例如像至少约10%、至少约20%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%或至少约97%的莱鲍迪苷A。
在另一个实施例中,甜菊醇糖苷混合物可以包含按重量计至少约50%,例如像约50%至约99%、约50%至约80%、约50%至约70%、约50%至约60%、约60%至约99%、约60%至约80%、约60%至约70%、约70%至约99%、约70%至约80%和约80%至约99%的莱鲍迪苷A。
在另一个特定实施例中,非蛋白质甜味剂是包含莱鲍迪苷M的甜菊醇糖苷混合物。甜菊醇糖苷混合物可以包含按重量计至少约5%,例如像至少约10%、至少约20%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%或至少约97%的莱鲍迪苷M。
在一个实施例中,甜菊醇糖苷混合物可以包含按重量计至少约50%,例如像约50%至约99%、约50%至约80%、约50%至约70%、约50%至约60%、约60%至约99%、约60%至约80%、约60%至约70%、约70%至约99%、约70%至约80%和约80%至约99%的莱鲍迪苷M。
在另一个特定实施例中,非蛋白质甜味剂是包含莱鲍迪苷D的甜菊醇糖苷混合物。甜菊醇糖苷混合物可以包含按重量计至少约5%,例如像至少约10%、至少约20%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%或至少约97%的莱鲍迪苷D。
在一个实施例中,甜菊醇糖苷混合物可以包含按重量计至少约50%,例如像约50%至约99%、约50%至约80%、约50%至约70%、约50%至约60%、约60%至约99%、约60%至约80%、约60%至约70%、约70%至约99%、约70%至约80%和约80%至约99%的莱鲍迪苷D。
在某些实施例中,甜菊醇糖苷混合物包含莱鲍迪苷M和莱鲍迪苷D。
在其他实施例中,甜菊醇糖苷混合物是A95,其是莱鲍迪苷D、M、A、N、O以及任选地E的特定共混物,在WO 2017/059414(通过引用并入本文)中所述。A95包含莱鲍迪苷D、M、A、N、O以及可选地E,其中总甜菊醇糖苷含量是按重量计约95%或更大,其中莱鲍迪苷D按重量计占总甜菊醇糖苷含量的约55%至约70%,莱鲍迪苷M按重量计占总甜菊醇糖苷含量的约18%至约30%,莱鲍迪苷A按重量计占甜菊醇糖苷含量的约0.5%至约4%,莱鲍迪苷N按重量计占甜菊醇糖苷含量的约0.5%至约5%,莱鲍迪苷O按重量计占总甜菊醇糖苷含量的约0.5%至约5%,并且可选地,莱鲍迪苷E按重量计占总甜菊醇糖苷含量的约0.2%至约2%。
饮料中的甜菊醇糖苷甜味剂或甜菊醇糖苷混合物甜味剂的浓度可以从约25ppm至约600ppm,例如像约25ppm至约500ppm、约25ppm至约400ppm、约25ppm至约300ppm、约25ppm至约200ppm、约25ppm至约100ppm、约100ppm至约600ppm、约100ppm至约500ppm、约100ppm至约400ppm、约100ppm至约300ppm、约100ppm至约200ppm、约200ppm至约600ppm、约200ppm至约500ppm、约200ppm至约400ppm、约200ppm至约300ppm、约300ppm至约600ppm、约300ppm至约500ppm、约300ppm至约400ppm、约400ppm至约600ppm、约400ppm至约500ppm或约500ppm至约600ppm变化。
在另一个实施例中,非蛋白质甜味剂是罗汉果苷或罗汉果苷混合物。罗汉果苷可以是天然的或合成的。
罗汉果苷可以以纯形式或作为混合物的一部分提供。示例性罗汉果苷包括但不限于以下中的任一种:grosmogroside I、罗汉果苷IA、罗汉果苷IE、11-氧代罗汉果苷IA、罗汉果苷II、罗汉果苷II A、罗汉果苷II B、罗汉果苷II E、7-氧代罗汉果苷II E、罗汉果苷III、罗汉果苷IIIe、11-脱氧罗汉果苷III、罗汉果苷IV、11-氧代罗汉果苷IV、11-氧代罗汉果苷IV A、罗汉果苷V、异罗汉果苷V、11-脱氧罗汉果苷V、7-氧代罗汉果苷V、11-氧代罗汉果苷V、异罗汉果苷V、罗汉果苷VI、罗汉果醇、11-氧代罗汉果醇、赛门苷I及其组合。
另外的示例性罗汉果苷包括在美国专利申请公开2016039864中描述的那些。在特定实施例中,罗汉果苷选自(3β,9β,10α,11α,24R)-3-[(4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-25-羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲羊毛甾-5-烯-24-基-[2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷);(3β,9β,10α,11α,24R)-[(2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)氧基]-25-羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲羊毛甾-5-烯-24-基-[2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷);(3β,9β,10α,11α,24R)-[(2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)氧基]-25-羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲羊毛甾-5-烯-24-基-[2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)及其组合。
在某些实施例中,罗汉果苷混合物包含按重量计至少约5%,例如像至少约10%、至少约20%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%或至少约97%的特定罗汉果苷。
在示例性实施例中,罗汉果苷混合物包含按重量计至少约50%,例如像约50%至约99%、约50%至约80%、约50%至约70%、约50%至约60%、约60%至约99%、约60%至约80%、约60%至约70%、约70%至约99%、约70%至约80%和约80%至约99%的特定罗汉果苷。
在其他实施例中,罗汉果苷混合物具有基于干基按重量计约95%或更大的总罗汉果苷含量。在一些实施例中,罗汉果苷混合物具有约96%或更大、约97%或更大、约98%或更大或约99%或更大的总罗汉果苷含量。
在一个特定实施例中,非蛋白质甜味剂是包含赛门苷I的罗汉果苷混合物。罗汉果苷混合物可以包含按重量计至少约5%,例如像至少约10%、至少约20%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%或至少约97%的赛门苷I。
罗汉果苷混合物可以包含按重量计至少约50%,例如像约50%至约99%、约50%至约80%、约50%至约70%、约50%至约60%、约60%至约99%、约60%至约80%、约60%至约70%、约70%至约99%、约70%至约80%和约80%至约99%的赛门苷I。
在一个特定实施例中,非蛋白质甜味剂是包含罗汉果苷V的罗汉果苷混合物。罗汉果苷混合物可以包含按重量计至少约5%,例如像至少约10%、至少约20%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%或至少约97%的罗汉果苷V。
罗汉果苷混合物可以包含按重量计至少约50%,例如像约50%至约99%、约50%至约80%、约50%至约70%、约50%至约60%、约60%至约99%、约60%至约80%、约60%至约70%、约70%至约99%、约70%至约80%和约80%至约99%的罗汉果苷V。
饮料中的罗汉果苷甜味剂或罗汉果苷混合物甜味剂的浓度可以从约25ppm至约600ppm,例如像约25ppm至约500ppm、约25ppm至约400ppm、约25ppm至约300ppm、约25ppm至约200ppm、约25ppm至约100ppm、约100ppm至约600ppm、约100ppm至约500ppm、约100ppm至约400ppm、约100ppm至约300ppm、约100ppm至约200ppm、约200ppm至约600ppm、约200ppm至约500ppm、约200ppm至约400ppm、约200ppm至约300ppm、约300ppm至约600ppm、约300ppm至约500ppm、约300ppm至约400ppm、约400ppm至约600ppm、约400ppm至约500ppm或约500ppm至约600ppm变化。
在另一个实施例中,非蛋白质甜味剂是至少一种碳水化合物甜味剂。合适的碳水化合物甜味剂包括但不限于蔗糖、甘油醛、二羟基丙酮、赤藓糖、苏糖、赤藓酮糖、阿拉伯糖、来苏糖、核糖、木糖、核酮糖、木酮糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、甘露糖、塔罗糖、果糖、阿洛酮糖、山梨糖、塔格糖、甘露庚酮糖、景天庚酮糖、辛酮糖、岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、松二糖、西拉糖、高果糖玉米糖浆及其组合。
至少一种碳水化合物甜味剂的浓度可以从约1.5wt%至约12wt%,例如像约5wt%至约12wt%、约5wt%至约11wt%或约5wt%至约10wt%变化。
在一个实施例中,非蛋白质甜味剂是至少一种合成甜味剂。合适的合成甜味剂包括但不限于三氯蔗糖、乙酰磺胺酸钾、阿斯巴甜、阿力甜、糖精、新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮、环己基氨基磺酸盐、纽甜、爱德万甜、甘草甜素、其盐及其组合。
至少一种合成甜味剂的浓度可以从约1ppm至约500ppm,例如像约1ppm至约400ppm、约1ppm至约300ppm、约1ppm至约200ppm、约1ppm至约100ppm、约1ppm至约50ppm或约1ppm至约25ppm变化。
在一个实施例中,非蛋白质甜味剂是至少一种糖醇。合适的糖醇包括但不限于山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇及其组合。
至少一种糖醇可以以按重量计最终饮料的约0.1%至约3.5%,例如像约0.5%至约3.5%、约0.5%至约3.0%、约0.5%至约2.5%、约0.5%至约2.0%、约0.5%至约1.5%、约0.5%至约1.0%、约1.0%至约3.5%、约1.0%至约3.0%、约1.0%至约2.5%、约1.0%至约2.0%、约1.0%至约1.5%、约1.5%至约3.5%、约1.5%至约3.0%、约1.5%至约2.5%、约1.5%至约2.0%、约2.0%至约3.5%、约2.0%至约3.0%、约2.0%至约2.5%、约2.5%至约3.5%、约2.5%至约3.0%或约3.0%至约3.5%的量存在。
在一个实施例中,非蛋白质甜味剂是至少一种稀有糖。合适的稀有糖包括但不限于阿洛酮糖、阿洛糖、塔格糖、呋喃糖、阿拉伯糖及其组合。
至少一种稀有糖可以以按重量计最终饮料的约0.1%至约3.5%,例如像约0.5%至约3.5%、约0.5%至约3.0%、约0.5%至约2.5%、约0.5%至约2.0%、约0.5%至约1.5%、约0.5%至约1.0%、约1.0%至约3.5%、约1.0%至约3.0%、约1.0%至约2.5%、约1.0%至约2.0%、约1.0%至约1.5%、约1.5%至约3.5%、约1.5%至约3.0%、约1.5%至约2.5%、约1.5%至约2.0%、约2.0%至约3.5%、约2.0%至约3.0%、约2.0%至约2.5%、约2.5%至约3.5%、约2.5%至约3.0%或约3.0%至约3.5%的量存在。
在某些实施例中,甜味剂组合物包含至少一种蛋白质甜味剂和以下非蛋白质甜味剂中的至少一种:碳水化合物甜味剂、甜菊醇糖苷或甜菊醇糖苷混合物甜味剂、罗汉果苷或罗汉果苷混合物甜味剂、合成甜味剂、糖醇甜味剂、或稀有糖甜味剂。
C.饮料配制品
本发明提供了包含至少一种蛋白质甜味剂和至少一种非蛋白质甜味剂的低热量饮料或饮料产品。
饮料浓缩物和饮料糖浆用初始体积的液体基质(例如,水)和期望的饮料成分制备。然后通过添加另外体积的水来制备全强度饮料。饮料粉冲泡饮料通过在不存在液体基质的情况下对所有饮料成分进行干混而制备。然后通过添加全部体积的水来制备全强度饮料。
饮料包含饮料基质,即其中溶解了这些成分(包括至少一种蛋白质甜味剂)的基础成分。在一个实施例中,低热量饮料包含饮料品质的水作为基质,例如像可以使用去离子水、蒸馏水、反渗透水、碳处理水、纯化水、脱矿质水及其组合。另外的合适的饮料基质包括但不限于磷酸、磷酸盐缓冲液、柠檬酸、柠檬酸盐缓冲液(柠檬酸和柠檬酸盐的混合物)和碳处理水。
合适的饮料包括碳酸饮料和非碳酸饮料。碳酸饮料包括但不限于冷冻的碳酸饮料、增强的起泡饮料、可乐、水果风味的起泡饮料(例如,柠檬-酸橙、橙、葡萄、草莓和菠萝)、姜汁汽水、软饮品和根汁汽水。非碳酸饮料包括但不限于果汁、水果风味果汁、果汁饮品、花蜜、蔬菜汁、蔬菜风味汁、运动饮品、能量饮品、增强型水饮品、具有维生素的增强型水、近水饮品(例如,具有天然的或合成的调味剂的水)、椰子汁、茶类饮品(例如,黑茶、绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶)、咖啡、可可饮品、含有乳组分的饮料(例如,乳饮料、含有乳组分的咖啡、欧蕾咖啡(caféau lait)、奶茶、果乳饮料)、含有谷物提取物的饮料以及冰沙。
本文还考虑了酒精饮料,碳酸和非碳酸酒精饮料两者。可以在本发明中使用的酒精饮料不受特别限制并且可以是任何可饮用的酒精。实例包括酿造酒精、烈酒(例如,杜松子酒、伏特加酒、朗姆酒、龙舌兰酒)、利口酒、威士忌酒(例如,威士忌、白兰地)、烧酒和发酵饮料(例如,蜂蜜酒、日本清酒、葡萄酒和啤酒)。另外的酒精饮料包括香槟酒、苹果酒、葡萄酒饮料和硬苏打水。
在另一个实施例中,饮料是含植物蛋白的饮料,例如大豆、燕麦或坚果蛋白。示例性含植物蛋白的饮料包括但不限于椰奶、燕麦奶、腰果奶、杏仁奶和豆奶。
低热量饮料的pH范围的非限制性实例可以是约1.8至约10。另一个实例包括约2至约5的pH范围。在特定实施例中,饮料的pH可以是约2.5至约4.2。本领域技术人员将理解,饮料的pH可以基于饮料的类型而变化。例如,乳制品饮料可以具有大于4.2的pH。
低热量饮料的可滴定酸度的范围可以例如是按饮料的重量计约0.01%至约1.0%。
在一个实施例中,起泡或碳酸低热量饮料产品具有按饮料的重量计约0.01%至约1.0%、例如像按饮料的重量计约0.05%至约0.25%的酸度。
起泡饮料产品的碳酸化具有0%至约2%(w/w)、例如约0.1%至约1.0%(w/w)的二氧化碳或其等效物。
低热量饮料可以是含咖啡因的或不含咖啡因的。
饮料的温度的范围可以例如是约4℃至约100℃,例如像约4℃至约25℃。
饮料可以是中等卡路里饮料,它具有最高约60卡路里/8盎司份。
饮料可以是低卡路里饮料,它具有最高约40卡路里/8盎司份。
饮料可以是零卡路里饮料,其每8盎司份具有小于约5卡路里。
非蔗糖甜味剂的甜度可以相对于蔗糖参考物通过确定非蔗糖甜味剂的蔗糖等效值(SE)来测量。典型地,对味道专家组成员进行培训以检测含有1%-15%之间的蔗糖(w/v)的参考蔗糖溶液的甜度。然后在一系列稀释度下品尝其他非蔗糖甜味剂,以确定与给定百分比的蔗糖参考物一样甜的非蔗糖甜味剂的浓度。例如,如果非蔗糖甜味剂的1%溶液与10%蔗糖溶液一样甜,则将该甜味剂称为效力是蔗糖的10倍,并且具有10%的蔗糖等效值。
在一个实施例中,低热量饮料具有约1%(w/v),例如像约2%、约3%、约4%、约5%、约6%、约7%、约8%、约9%、约10%、约11%、约12%、约13%、约14%或在这些值之间的任何范围的蔗糖等效值。
在另一个实施例中,低热量饮料具有约2%至约14%,例如像约2%至约10%、约2%至约5%、约5%至约15%、约5%至约10%、或约10%至约15%的SE。
可以用白利糖度(°Bx)描述在参考溶液中的蔗糖的量,并且因此描述甜度的另一种度量。一个白利糖度是在100克的溶液中1克的蔗糖,并表示按重量百分比(%w/w)计的该溶液的强度。在其中饮料包含蔗糖的实施例中,饮料可以是约4°Bx至约11°Bx、约4°Bx至约10°Bx、约4°Bx至约8°Bx、约4°Bx至约6°Bx、约5°Bx至约11°Bx、约5°Bx至约10°Bx、约5°Bx至约8°Bx、约6°Bx至约11°Bx、约6°Bx至约10°Bx、约6°Bx至约8°Bx、约7°Bx至约11°Bx、约7°Bx至约10°Bx、约8°Bx至约11°Bx、约8°Bx至约10°Bx、约9°Bx至约11°Bx、约9°Bx至约10°Bx或约10°Bx至约11°Bx。
在特定实施例中,低热量饮料是低热量果汁饮料。在某些实施例中,低热量果汁饮料包含选自由以下组成的组的柑橘汁:橙汁、葡萄柚汁、柠檬汁、酸橙汁、橘子汁及其组合。在特定实施例中,低热量果汁饮料包含橙汁。在另一个特定实施例中,存在的唯一柑橘汁是橙汁。柑橘汁可以含有果肉或是无果肉的。
在一些实施例中,橙汁是蔗糖增甜橙汁,其白利糖度为约8°Bx至约12°Bx、约8°Bx至约11°Bx、约8°Bx至约10°Bx、约8°Bx至约9°Bx、约9°Bx至约12°Bx、约9°Bx至约11°Bx、约9°Bx至约10°Bx、约10°Bx至约12°Bx、约10至约11°Bx或约11°Bx至约12°Bx。
在其他实施例中,橙汁是用蔗糖和增甜量的至少一种甜菊醇糖苷混合物增甜的糖减少橙汁,其白利糖度为约4°Bx至约8°Bx、优选约6°Bx。至少一种甜菊醇糖苷混合物优选地选自由以下组成的组:包含按重量计至少50%的莱鲍迪苷A的甜菊醇糖苷混合物、包含按重量计至少95%的莱鲍迪苷A的甜菊醇糖苷混合物及其组合。当组合存在时,两种甜菊醇糖苷混合物甜味剂的比率可以从约10:1至约1:10,例如像约9:1、约8:1、约7:1、约6:1、约5:1、约4:1、约3:1、约2:1、或约1:1变化。在特定实施例中,两种甜菊醇糖苷混合物的比率是约1:1。在糖减少橙汁中至少一种甜菊醇糖苷混合物的浓度是约50ppm至约200ppm,例如像约90ppm至约200ppm、约100ppm至约200ppm、约110ppm至约200ppm、约125ppm至约200ppm、约150ppm至约200ppm或约175ppm至约200ppm。这些浓度范围可以是指单独的甜菊醇糖苷混合物或两种甜菊醇糖苷混合物的组合。
在某些实施例中,低热量饮料包含至少约10%,例如像至少约20%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、或至少约60%的果汁。在特定实施例中,果汁是橙汁。
在某些实施例中,本发明的低热量橙汁饮料包含蔗糖增甜橙汁和至少一种本文所述的蛋白质甜味剂。蔗糖增甜橙汁的白利糖度是约8°Bx至约10.5°Bx、约9°Bx至约10.5°Bx或约10°Bx至约10.5°Bx。至少一种蛋白质甜味剂优选地是浓度为约1ppm至约10ppm、更优选地约2ppm至约8ppm、还更优选地约2ppm至约6ppm、甚至更优选地约4ppm至约6ppm的奇异果甜蛋白。低热量橙汁饮料的蔗糖等效值是约10.5%至约12.5% SE。与不存在至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的饮料相比,低热量橙汁饮料具有更少的卡路里和改善的口感。
在某些实施例中,本发明的低热量橙汁饮料包含糖减少橙汁和至少一种本文所述的蛋白质甜味剂,该糖减少橙汁包含蔗糖和增甜量的至少一种甜菊醇糖苷混合物并且具有约4°Bx至约8°Bx、优选地约6°Bx的白利糖度。至少一种蛋白质甜味剂优选地是浓度为约1ppm至约10ppm、更优选地约2ppm至约8ppm、还更优选地约2ppm至约6ppm、甚至更优选地约4ppm至约6ppm的奇异果甜蛋白。低热量橙汁饮料的蔗糖等效值可以是约10.5%至约13.0%SE。与不存在至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的糖减少橙汁饮料相比,低热量橙汁饮料具有更少的卡路里和改善的口感。
在特定实施例中,低热量饮料是低热量起泡饮料。特别令人希望的起泡饮料是柑橘风味起泡饮料,例如柠檬-酸橙风味起泡饮料和橙风味起泡饮料。
在某些实施例中,低热量起泡饮料包含蔗糖、至少一种蛋白质甜味剂和至少一种甜菊醇糖苷甜味剂,例如包含按重量计至少约80%的莱鲍迪苷M的甜菊醇糖苷混合物。至少一种蛋白质甜味剂优选地是布拉齐因。布拉齐因的浓度可以是约10ppm至约20ppm。甜菊醇糖苷甜味剂的浓度可以是约50ppm至约600ppm、更优选地约100ppm至约300ppm、甚至更优选地约100ppm至约200ppm。低热量起泡饮料的白利糖度是约3°Bx至约8°Bx,例如像约4°Bx至约6°Bx。低热量起泡饮料的蔗糖等效值是至少约10°Bx。与不存在至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的低热量起泡饮料相比,低热量起泡饮料具有更少的卡路里和改善的口感。本发明的低热量起泡饮料还可以包含柠檬酸和/或苹果酸。如技术人员将理解的,起泡饮料典型地含有柠檬酸。已经发现,当约2-10wt%的柠檬酸被苹果酸替代时,总体风味特征更平衡并且类似于全糖增甜饮料。
在另一个特定实施例中,饮料包含(i)至少两种选自奇异果甜蛋白、布拉齐因和MNEI的蛋白质甜味剂以及(ii)至少一种非蛋白质甜味剂。示例性非蛋白质甜味剂包括甜叶菊或甜菊醇糖苷甜味剂、罗汉果苷甜味剂和合成甜味剂。
在特定实施例中,饮料包含(i)至少两种选自奇异果甜蛋白、布拉齐因和MNEI的蛋白质甜味剂以及(ii)至少一种合成甜味剂,其量有效提供约4%至约8%蔗糖等效值。奇异果甜蛋白可以以约1ppm至约10ppm的浓度存在,布拉齐因可以以约1ppm至约50ppm的浓度存在,并且MNEI可以以约1ppm至约10ppm的浓度存在。
在更特定实施例中,饮料包含(i)至少两种选自奇异果甜蛋白、布拉齐因和MNEI的蛋白质甜味剂以及(ii)至少一种选自由以下组成的组的合成甜味剂:三氯蔗糖、乙酰磺胺酸钾、阿斯巴甜、阿力甜、糖精、环己基氨基磺酸盐、纽甜和爱德万甜,其中至少一种合成甜味剂以有效提供约4%至约8%蔗糖等效值的量存在。奇异果甜蛋白可以以约1ppm至约10ppm的浓度存在,布拉齐因可以以约1ppm至约50ppm的浓度存在,并且MNEI可以以约1ppm至约10ppm的浓度存在。
在甚至更特定实施例中,饮料包含(i)奇异果甜蛋白和布拉齐因以及(ii)三氯蔗糖和乙酰磺胺酸钾,其中(ii)以有效提供约4%至约8%蔗糖等效值的量存在。奇异果甜蛋白可以以约1ppm至约10ppm的浓度存在,并且布拉齐因可以以约1ppm至约50ppm的浓度存在。
在还另一个特定实施例中,饮料包含(i)奇异果甜蛋白和MNEI以及(ii)三氯蔗糖和乙酰磺胺酸钾,其中(ii)以有效提供约4%至约8%蔗糖等效值的量存在。奇异果甜蛋白可以以约1ppm至约10ppm的浓度存在,并且MNEI可以以约1ppm至约10ppm的浓度存在。
在还另一个特定实施例中,饮料包含(i)布拉齐因和MNEI以及(ii)三氯蔗糖和乙酰磺胺酸钾,其中(ii)以有效提供约4%至约8%蔗糖等效值的量存在。布拉齐因可以以约1ppm至约50ppm的浓度存在,并且MNEI可以以约1ppm至约10ppm的浓度存在。
本发明的低热量饮料还可以包含至少一种具有选自Ca2+和Mg2+的阳离子和选自乳酸根、柠檬酸根、乳酸葡萄糖酸根的阴离子的盐,其无水和水合物形式及其组合。至少一种盐进一步调节低热量饮料的一种或多种味道属性以使饮料与不存在盐的相应饮料相比尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料。在一些实施例中,需要两种或更多种盐来获得具有更多蔗糖增甜特性的低热量饮料。
本文所述的至少一种盐的浓度可以从约100ppm至约1,000ppm,或约0.1mM至约5mM变化。
在一些实施例中,本发明的低热量饮料包含具有选自Ca2+和Mg2+的阳离子的盐。每种盐的阴离子成分可选自葡萄糖酸根(C6H11O7 -1)、柠檬酸根(C6H5O7 -3)、柠檬酸氢根(C6H6O7 -2)、柠檬酸二氢根(C6H7O7 -1)、苹果酸根(C4H6O5 -2)、苹果酸氢根(C4H7O5 -1)、马来酸根(C4H2O4 -2)、马来酸氢根(C4H3O4 -1)、富马酸根(C4H2O4 -2)、富马酸氢根(C4H3O4 -1)、琥珀酸根(C4H4O4 -2)、琥珀酸氢根(C4H5O4 -1)、戊二酸根(C5H6O4 -2)、戊二酸氢根(C5H7O4 -1)、己二酸根(C6H8O4 -2)、己二酸氢根(C6H9O4 -1)、乳酸根(C3H5O3 -1)、酒石酸根(C4H4O6 -2)、酒石酸氢根(C4H5O6 -1)、磷酸根(PO4 -3)、磷酸一氢根(HPO4 -2)、磷酸二氢根(H2PO4 -)、氟离子(F-)、硫酸根(SO4 -2)、硫酸氢根(HSO4 -1)、硝酸根(NO3 -)、碳酸根(CO3 -2)、碳酸氢根(HCO3 -)、甘油酸根(C3H5O4 -1)、乙醇酸根(C2H3O3 -1)或其组合。
在优选的实施例中,本发明的低热量饮料不使用Ca2+和Mg2+的氯化物盐(Cl-),即,这些盐不是MgCl2和/或CaCl2。
本发明的低热量饮料的优选阴离子是乳酸根、柠檬酸根、葡萄糖酸根及其组合。
盐可以以其无水物或水合物形式使用。
在特定实施例中,至少一种盐选自乳酸镁、柠檬酸镁、柠檬酸钙、乳酸钙和葡萄糖酸钙。
在更特定实施例中,至少一种盐选自乳酸镁二水合物、无水二柠檬酸三镁、二柠檬酸三钙四水合物、乳酸钙五水合物、乳酸葡萄糖酸二钙一水合物及其组合。
在其中至少一种盐包含含Mg2+阳离子的盐和含Ca2+阳离子的盐的实施例中,含Mg2+阳离子的盐与含Ca2+阳离子的盐的重量比可以是约5:1至约1:1,例如像约4:1至约1:1、约3:1至约1:1或约2:1至约1:1。在特定实施例中,重量比是约3:1至约1:1。
低热量饮料中的至少一种盐的浓度可以变化。示例性浓度范围是约100ppm至约1,000ppm,例如像约100ppm至约900ppm、约100ppm至约800ppm、约100ppm至约700ppm、约100ppm至约600ppm、约100ppm至约500ppm、约100ppm至约400ppm、约100ppm至约300ppm和约100ppm至约200ppm。
至少一种盐的浓度也可以用毫摩尔(mM)来描述。本文所述的至少一种盐优选以约0.1mM至约5mM、约0.1mM至约4mM或约0.1mM至约3mM的量存在。这些范围也可适用于本文所述的单独的盐。
在一些实施例中,低热量饮料不包含钾盐。在一些实施例中,低热量饮料不包含KCl。在一些实施例中,低热量饮料不含有约1ppm至约1,000ppm的量的含K+阳离子的盐。
柠檬酸钾典型地作为缓冲剂包括在碳酸软饮品中并且将不会以本文考虑的浓度范围(即,约100ppm至约1,000ppm)存在。
低热量饮料或饮料产品可以任选地包含添加剂、功能性成分及其组合,如本文所述。
示例性功能性成分包括但不限于皂苷、抗氧化剂、膳食纤维来源、脂肪酸、维生素、葡糖胺、矿物质、防腐剂、水合剂、益生菌、益生元、体重管理剂、骨质疏松症管理剂、植物雌激素、长链脂肪族饱和伯醇、植物甾醇及其组合。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种皂苷。如本文所用,该至少一种皂苷可以包含作为本文提供的组合物的功能性成分的单一皂苷或多种皂苷。皂苷是包含苷元环结构和一个或多个糖部分的糖苷天然植物产物。用于本发明的特定实施例中的具体皂苷的非限制性实例包括A组乙酰皂苷、B组乙酰皂苷和E组乙酰皂苷。皂苷的几种常见来源包括具有按干重计大约5%皂苷含量的大豆、肥皂草植物(肥皂草属(Saponaria),它的根在历史上用作肥皂)以及苜蓿、芦荟、芦笋、葡萄、鹰嘴豆、丝兰及各种其他豆类和野草。皂苷可以通过使用本领域普通技术人员熟知的提取技术从这些来源获得。常规提取技术的描述可以见于美国专利申请号2005/0123662中。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种抗氧化剂。如本文所用,“抗氧化剂”是指抑制、遏制或减少对细胞和生物分子的氧化损害的任何物质。
用于本发明的实施例的合适抗氧化剂的实例包括但不限于维生素、维生素辅因子、矿物质、激素、类胡萝卜素、类胡萝卜素萜类、非类胡萝卜素萜类、类黄酮、类黄酮多酚类(例如,生物类黄酮)、黄酮醇、黄酮、酚、多酚、酚酯、多酚酯、非类黄酮酚类、异硫氰酸酯类及其组合。在一些实施例中,抗氧化剂是维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、泛醌、矿物质硒、锰、褪黑激素、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素、叶黄素、玉蜀黍黄素(zeanthin)、隐黄素(crypoxanthin)、白藜芦醇(reservatol)、丁子香酚、槲皮素、儿茶素、棉酚、橙皮素、姜黄素、阿魏酸、百里酚、羟基酪醇、姜黄、百里香、橄榄油、硫辛酸、谷胱甘肽(glutathinone)、谷氨酰胺(gutamine)、草酸、生育酚衍生化合物、丁基化羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、丁羟甲苯(BHT)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、叔丁基对苯二酚、乙酸、果胶、生育三烯酚、生育酚、辅酶Q10、玉米黄素、虾青素、斑蝥黄(canthaxantin)、皂苷、柠檬苦素、山柰酚(kaempfedrol)、杨梅酮、异鼠李素、原花色素、槲皮素、芦丁、木犀草素、芹菜素、红橘黄酮(tangeritin)、橙皮素、柚皮素、圣草酚(erodictyol)、黄烷-3-醇(例如,花青素)、没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素及其没食子酸酯形式、表没食子儿茶素及其没食子酸酯形式(ECGC)、茶黄素及其没食子酸酯形式、茶玉红精、异黄酮、植物雌激素、染料木黄酮、大豆黄素、黄豆黄素、花色素苷(anythocyanin)、氰化物(cyaniding)、飞燕草色素、锦葵花素、花葵素、甲基花青素、矮牵牛素、鞣花酸、没食子酸、水杨酸、迷迭香酸、肉桂酸及其衍生物(例如,阿魏酸)、绿原酸、菊苣酸(chicoric acid)、没食子鞣质、鞣花丹宁、花黄素、β-花青苷和其他植物颜料、水飞蓟素、柠檬酸、木酚素、抗营养素(antinutrient)、胆红素、尿酸、R-α-硫辛酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、油柑宁(emblicanin)、苹果提取物、苹果皮提取物(苹果多酚)、红路易波士提取物(rooibos extract red)、绿路易波士提取物(rooibos extract,green)、山楂果提取物、覆盆子提取物、生咖啡抗氧化剂(GCA)、野樱梅提取物20%、葡萄籽提取物(VinOseed)、可可豆提取物、啤酒花提取物、山竹果提取物、山竹果壳提取物、蔓越莓提取物、石榴提取物、石榴皮提取物、石榴籽提取物、山楂浆果提取物、波梅拉(pomella)石榴提取物、肉桂皮提取物、葡萄皮提取物、越桔提取物、松树皮提取物、碧萝芷、接骨木提取物、桑树根提取物、枸杞(gogi)提取物、黑莓提取物、蓝莓提取物、蓝莓叶提取物、树莓提取物、姜黄提取物、柑橘属生物类黄酮、黑醋栗、姜、巴西莓粉、生咖啡豆提取物、绿茶提取物、以及植酸、或其组合。在替代实施例中,抗氧化剂是合成抗氧化剂,例如像丁羟甲苯或丁羟茴醚。用于本发明的实施例的合适抗氧化剂的其他来源包括但不限于水果、蔬菜、茶、可可豆、巧克力、香辛料、草本植物、大米、来自家畜的器官肉类、酵母、全谷类(whole grain)、或谷类(cereal grain)。
具体的抗氧化剂属于称为多酚(也称为“多酚类”)的植物营养素类,这些多酚是在植物中发现的一组化学物质,其特征在于每个分子存在超过一个酚基团。用于本发明的实施例的合适多酚包括儿茶素、原花色素、原花青素、花青素、槲皮素、芦丁、白藜芦醇、异黄酮、姜黄素、安石榴苷、鞣花单宁、橙皮苷、柚皮苷、柑橘类黄酮、绿原酸、其他类似材料及其组合。
在一个实施例中,抗氧化剂是儿茶素,例如像表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)。在另一个实施例中,抗氧化剂选自原花色素、原花青素或其组合。在特定实施例中,抗氧化剂是花青素。在还其他实施例中,抗氧化剂选自槲皮素、芦丁或其组合。在一个实施例中,抗氧化剂是白藜芦醇。在另一个实施例中,抗氧化剂是异黄酮。在还另一个实施例中,抗氧化剂是姜黄素。在又另一个实施例中,抗氧化剂选自安石榴苷、鞣花单宁或其组合。在还另一个实施例中,抗氧化剂是绿原酸。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种膳食纤维。在组成和键两方面具有显著不同的结构的多种聚合物碳水化合物落在膳食纤维的定义内。此类化合物是本领域技术人员熟知的,它们的非限制性实例包括非淀粉多糖、木质素、纤维素、甲基纤维素、半纤维素、β-葡聚糖、果胶、树胶、粘质、蜡、菊糖、寡糖、果寡糖、环糊精、壳质及其组合。尽管膳食纤维通常源于植物来源,但是难消化的动物产品如壳质也被分类为膳食纤维。壳质是由通过与纤维素的键类似的β(1-4)键连接的乙酰基葡萄糖胺单元构成的多糖。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种脂肪酸。如本文所用,“脂肪酸”是指任何直链单羧酸并且包括饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、长链脂肪酸、中链脂肪酸、短链脂肪酸、脂肪酸前体(包括ω-9脂肪酸前体)、和酯化脂肪酸。如本文所用,“长链多不饱和脂肪酸”是指具有长脂肪族尾部的任何多不饱和羧酸或有机酸。如本文所用,“ω-3脂肪酸”是指任何多不饱和脂肪酸,其具有作为从其碳链的末端甲基端起的第三个碳-碳键的第一双键。在特定实施例中,ω-3脂肪酸可以包括长链ω-3脂肪酸。如本文所用,“ω-6脂肪酸”是任何多不饱和脂肪酸,其具有作为从其碳链的末端甲基端起的第六个碳-碳键的第一双键。
用于本发明的实施例中的合适的ω-3脂肪酸可以源于例如藻类、鱼、动物、植物、或其组合。合适的ω-3脂肪酸的实例包括但不限于亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳四烯酸及其组合。在一些实施例中,合适的ω-3脂肪酸可以在鱼油(例如,鲱鱼油、金枪鱼油、鲑鱼油、鲣鱼油、和鳕鱼油)、微藻类ω-3油或其组合中提供。在特定实施例中,合适的ω-3脂肪酸可以源于可商购的ω-3脂肪酸油,如微藻DHA油(来自马里兰州哥伦比亚的马泰克公司(Martek,Columbia,MD))、OmegaPure(来自德克萨斯州休斯顿的ω-蛋白公司(Omega Protein,Houston,TX))、Marinol C-38(来自伊利诺州长纳霍的脂类营养公司(Lipid Nutrition,Channahon,IL))、鲣鱼油和MEG-3(来自新斯科舍省达特茅斯的海洋营养公司(Ocean Nutrition,Dartmouth,NS))、Evogel(来自德国霍尔茨明登的德之馨公司(Symrise,Holzminden,Germany))、来自金枪鱼或鲑鱼的海洋油(来自康涅狄格州威尔顿的阿里斯塔公司(Arista Wilton,CT))、OmegaSource 2000、来自鲱鱼的海洋油和来自鳕鱼的海洋油(来自北卡罗来纳州研究三角区的ω资源公司(OmegaSource,RTP,NC))。
合适的ω-6脂肪酸包括但不限于亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、二高-γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳二烯酸、二十二碳二烯酸、肾上腺酸、二十二碳五烯酸及其组合。
用于本发明的实施例的合适酯化脂肪酸包括但不限于含有ω-3和/或ω-6脂肪酸的单酰基甘油、含有ω-3和/或ω-6脂肪酸的二酰基甘油或含有ω-3和/或ω-6脂肪酸的三酰基甘油及其组合。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种维生素。合适的维生素包括维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B3、维生素B5、维生素B6、维生素B7、维生素B9、维生素B12和维生素C。
各种其他化合物已被一些官方分类为维生素。这些化合物可以被称为假维生素,并且包括但不限于诸如泛醌(辅酶Q10)、潘氨酸、二甲基甘氨酸、特斯垂(taestrile)、苦杏仁苷、类黄酮、对氨基苯甲酸、腺嘌呤、腺苷酸、和s-甲基甲硫氨酸等化合物。如本文所用,术语维生素包括假维生素。在一些实施例中,维生素是选自维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K及其组合的脂溶性维生素。在其他
实施例中,维生素是选自维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B3、维生素B6、维生素B12、叶酸、生物素、泛酸、维生素C及其组合的水溶性维生素。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是葡糖胺,其任选地进一步包含硫酸软骨素。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种矿物质。在某些实施例中,低热量饮料进一步包含至少一种矿物质。在某些实施例中,至少一种蛋白质甜味剂和至少一种矿物质的组合改善了关于甜味存留和平衡的味道特征。根据本发明的传授内容,矿物质包括活生物体所需要的无机化学元素。矿物质由广泛范围的组合物(例如,元素、简单的盐、和复合硅酸盐)构成并且结晶结构也广泛不同。它们可以天然地存在于食物和饮料中,可以作为补充剂添加,或者可以与食物或饮料分开地消费或施用。
矿物质可以被分类为相对大量需要的主体矿物质(bulk mineral)或相对小量需要的微量矿物质。主体矿物质的通常需要量是大于或等于约100毫克/天,并且微量矿物质是需要量小于约100毫克/天的那些。
在一个实施例中,矿物质选自主体矿物质、微量矿物质或其组合。主体矿物质的非限制性实例包括钙、氯、镁、磷、钾、钠、和硫。微量矿物质的非限制性实例包括铬、钴、铜、氟、铁、锰、钼、硒、锌、和碘。尽管碘通常被分类为微量矿物质,但是它的需要量比其他微量矿物质大并且常常被分类为主体矿物质。
在特定实施例中,矿物质是被认为是人营养所必需的微量矿物质,它的非限制性实例包括铋、硼、锂、镍、铷、硅、锶、碲、锡、钛、钨、和钒。
本文呈现的矿物质可以呈本领域普通技术人员已知的任何形式。例如,在一个实施例中,矿物质可以呈其具有正电荷或负电荷的离子形式。在另一个实施例中,矿物质可以呈其分子形式。例如,硫和磷通常天然地作为硫酸盐、硫化物和磷酸盐存在。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种防腐剂。在特定实施例中,防腐剂选自抗微生物剂、抗氧化剂、抗酶剂或其组合。抗微生物剂的非限制性实例包括亚硫酸盐、丙酸盐、苯甲酸盐、山梨酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、细菌素、盐、糖、乙酸、二碳酸二甲酯(DMDC)、乙醇、和臭氧。在一个实施例中,防腐剂是亚硫酸盐。亚硫酸盐包括但不限于二氧化硫、亚硫酸氢钠、和亚硫酸氢钾。在另一个实施例中,防腐剂是丙酸盐。丙酸盐包括但不限于丙酸、丙酸钙、和丙酸钠。在又另一个实施例中,防腐剂是苯甲酸盐。苯甲酸盐包括但不限于苯甲酸钠和苯甲酸。在还另一个实施例中,防腐剂是山梨酸盐。山梨酸盐包括但不限于山梨酸钾、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钙、和山梨酸。在还另一个实施例中,防腐剂是硝酸盐和/或亚硝酸盐。硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐包括但不限于硝酸钠和亚硝酸钠。在另一个实施例中,至少一种防腐剂是细菌素,例如像尼生素。在还另一个实施例中,防腐剂是乙醇。在又另一个实施例中,防腐剂是臭氧。适合用作本发明的特定实施例中的防腐剂的抗酵素剂的非限制性实例包括抗坏血酸、柠檬酸和金属螯合剂如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种水合剂。在另一个特定实施例中,水合剂是补充肌肉所燃烧的能量储存的碳水化合物。在美国专利号4,312,856、4,853,237、5,681,569和6,989,171中描述了用于本发明的特定实施例中的合适的碳水化合物。合适的碳水化合物的非限制性实例包括单糖、二糖、寡糖、复合多糖或其组合。用于特定实施例中的合适类型的单糖的非限制性实例包括丙糖、丁糖、戊糖、己糖、庚糖、辛糖和壬糖。特定类型的合适单糖的非限制性实例包括甘油醛、二羟基丙酮、赤藓糖、苏阿糖、赤藓酮糖、阿拉伯糖、来苏糖、核糖、木糖、核酮糖、木酮糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、甘露糖、塔罗糖、果糖、阿洛酮糖、山梨糖、塔格糖、甘露庚酮糖、景天庚酮糖、辛酮糖、和唾液糖。合适二糖的非限制性实例包括蔗糖、乳糖和麦芽糖。合适寡糖的非限制性实例包括蔗糖、麦芽三糖和麦芽糊精。在其他特定实施例中,碳水化合物由玉米糖浆、甜菜糖、甘蔗糖、汁或茶提供。
在另一个特定实施例中,水合剂是提供细胞再水合的黄烷醇。黄烷醇是存在于植物中的一类天然物质,并且通常包括附接至一个或多个化学部分的2-苯基苯并吡喃酮分子骨架。用于本发明的特定实施例中的合适的黄烷醇的非限制性实例包括儿茶素、表儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素3-没食子酸酯、茶黄素、茶黄素3-没食子酸酯、茶黄素3’-没食子酸酯、茶黄素3,3’没食子酸酯、茶红素或其组合。黄烷醇的几种常见来源包括茶树、果实、蔬菜和花。在优选的实施例中,黄烷醇提取自绿茶。
在特定实施例中,水合剂是增强运动耐力的甘油溶液。含有甘油的溶液的摄取已显示提供多种有益的生理作用,如扩大的血容量、降低的心率和降低的直肠温度。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分选自至少一种益生菌、益生元及其组合。益生菌是影响人体天然存在的胃肠道微生物区系的有益微生物。益生菌的实例包括但不限于给予对人的有利作用的乳酸杆菌(Lactobacilli)属、双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteria)属、链球菌(Streptococci)属或其组合的细菌。在本发明的特定实施例中,至少一种益生菌选自乳酸杆菌属。根据本发明的其他特定实施例,益生菌选自双歧杆菌属。在特定实施例中,益生菌是选自链球菌属。
可以根据本发明使用的益生菌是本领域技术人员熟知的。包含益生菌的食品的非限制性实例包括酸乳、德国泡菜(sauerkraut)、克非尔(kefir)、韩国泡菜(kimchi)、发酵的蔬菜、和含有通过改善肠道微平衡来有利地影响宿主动物的微生物元素的其他食品。
根据本发明的实施例,益生元包括而不限于粘多糖、寡糖、多糖、氨基酸、维生素、营养物前体、蛋白质及其组合。根据本发明的特定实施例,益生元选自膳食纤维,包括但不限于多糖和寡糖。根据本发明的特定实施例被分类为益生元的寡糖的非限制性实例包括果寡糖、菊糖、低聚异麦芽糖、乳糖醇(lactilol)、低聚乳果糖、乳果糖、焦糊精、大豆寡糖、低聚反式半乳糖和低聚木糖。在其他实施例中,益生元是氨基酸。尽管多种已知的益生元发生分解为益生菌提供碳水化合物,但是一些益生菌还需要氨基酸来提供养分。
益生元天然地存在于多种食物中,这些食物包括而不限于香蕉、浆果、芦笋、大蒜、小麦、燕麦、大麦(以及其他全谷类)、亚麻籽、番茄、洋姜(Jerusalem artichoke)、洋葱和菊苣、菜叶(greens)(例如,蒲公英叶、菠菜、羽衣甘蓝叶、甜菜、无头甘蓝、芥菜叶、芜菁叶)、以及豆类(例如,小扁豆、云豆、鹰嘴豆、海军豆、白豆、黑豆)。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种体重管理剂。如本文所用,“体重管理剂”包括食欲遏制剂和/或生热作用剂。如本文所用,短语“食欲遏制剂”、“食欲饱腹组合物”、“饱腹剂”和“饱腹成分”同义。短语“食欲遏制剂”描述了当以有效量递送时遏制、抑制、减少或以其他方式缩减人的食欲的大量营养素、草本提取物、外源性激素、减食欲药、食欲不振药、药物及其组合。短语“生热作用剂”描述了当以有效量递送时激活或以其他方式增强人的生热作用或代谢的大量营养素、草本提取物、外源性激素、减食欲药、食欲不振药、药物及其组合。
合适的体重管理剂包括选自由蛋白质、碳水化合物、膳食脂肪及其组合组成的组的大量营养素。蛋白质、碳水化合物和膳食脂肪的消耗刺激具有食欲遏制作用的肽的释放。例如,蛋白质和膳食脂肪的消耗刺激胃肠激素胆囊收缩素(CCK)的释放,而碳水化合物和膳食脂肪的消耗刺激胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)的释放。
合适的大量营养素体重管理剂还包括碳水化合物。碳水化合物通常包括被身体转化成用于能量的葡萄糖的糖、淀粉、纤维素和树胶。碳水化合物通常被分成两类:可消化的碳水化合物(例如,单糖、二糖和淀粉)和不可消化的碳水化合物(例如,膳食纤维)。研究已显示在小肠内不可消化的碳水化合物和具有降低的吸收和消化性的复合聚合物碳水化合物刺激抑制食物摄取的生理反应。因此,本文呈现的碳水化合物理想地包括不可消化的碳水化合物或具有降低的消化性的碳水化合物。此类碳水化合物的非限制性实例包括聚右旋糖;菊糖;单糖衍生的多元醇如赤藓糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、和山梨糖醇;二糖衍生的醇如异麦芽酮糖醇、乳糖醇、和麦芽糖醇;以及氢化淀粉水解产物。下文更详细地描述碳水化合物。
在另一个特定实施例中,体重管理剂是膳食脂肪。膳食脂肪是包含饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的组合的脂质。已显示多不饱和脂肪酸具有比单不饱和脂肪酸更大的饱腹能力。因此,本文呈现的膳食脂肪理想地包括多不饱和脂肪酸,其非限制性实例包括三酰基甘油。
在另一个特定实施例中,体重管理剂是草本提取物。来自多种类型的植物的提取物已被确定为具有食欲遏制特性。植物的非限制性实例(其提取物具有食欲抑制剂特性)包括火地亚(Hoodia)属、亚罗汉(Trichocaulon)属、水牛掌(Caralluma)属、豹皮花(Stapelia)属、奥贝亚(Orbea)属、马利筋(Asclepias)属以及山茶花(Camelia)属的植物。其他实施例包括源于匙羹藤(Gymnema Sylvestre)、可乐果(Kola Nut)、酸橙(CitrusAuran tium)、巴拉圭茶、加纳谷物(Griffonia Simplicifolia)、瓜拉那(Guarana)、没药(myrrh)、香胶树脂质(guggul Lipid)和黑醋栗籽油(black current seed oil)的提取物。
草本提取物可以由任何类型的植物材料或植物生物质制备。植物材料和生物质的非限制性实例包括茎、根、叶、从植物材料中获得的干燥粉末、以及树液或干燥树液。草本提取物通常通过从植物中提取树液并且然后对树液进行喷雾干燥而制备。可替代地,可以采用溶剂提取程序。在初始提取之后,可能希望进一步分馏初始提取物(例如,通过柱色谱法),以便获得具有增强的活性的草本提取物。此类技术是本领域普通技术人员熟知的。
在一个实施例中,草本提取物是源于火地亚属的植物。称为P57的火地亚属的甾醇糖苷据信是火地亚属种的食欲抑制剂作用的原因。在另一个实施例中,草本提取物是源于水牛掌属的植物,它的非限制性实例包括瘤水牛掌糖苷(caratuberside)A、瘤水牛掌糖苷B、布塞洛糖苷(bouceroside)I、布塞洛糖苷II、布塞洛糖苷III、布塞洛糖苷IV、布塞洛糖苷V、布塞洛糖苷VI、布塞洛糖苷VII、布塞洛糖苷VIII、布塞洛糖苷IX和布塞洛糖苷X。在另一个实施例中,至少一种草本提取物源于亚罗汉属的植物。亚罗汉属植物是通常原产自南非的肉质植物,与火地亚属类似,并且包括摩耶夫人(T.piliferum)和西洋蒲公英(T.officinale)。在另一个实施例中,草本提取物是源于豹皮花属或奥贝亚属的植物。不希望受任何理论的束缚,据信表现出食欲抑制活性的化合物是皂苷,如孕烷糖苷,它们包括杂色豹皮花苷(stavaroside)A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J和K。在另一个实施例中,草本提取物源于马利筋属的植物。不希望受任何理论的束缚,认为这些提取物包含具有食欲遏制作用的甾族化合物,如孕烷糖苷和孕烷苷元。
在另一个特定实施例中,体重管理剂是具有体重管理作用的外源性激素。此类激素的非限制性实例包括CCK、肽YY、胃饥饿素、铃蟾肽和胃泌素释放肽(GRP)、肠抑素、载脂蛋白A-IV、GLP-1、淀粉不溶素、生长抑素(somastatin)、和瘦素。
在另一个实施例中,体重管理剂是药物。非限制性实例包括苯丁胺、二乙胺苯酮、苯甲曲秦、西布曲明、利莫那班、胃泌酸调节素、盐酸氟西汀、麻黄碱、苯乙胺、或其他刺激物。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种骨质疏松症管理剂。在某些实施例中,骨质疏松症管理剂是至少一种钙源。根据特定实施例,钙源是含有钙的任何化合物,包括钙的盐络合物、溶解物质和其他形式。钙源的非限制性实例包括氨基酸螯合钙、碳酸钙、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、硫酸钙、氯化钙、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙、柠檬酸钙、苹果酸钙、柠檬酸苹果酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、酒石酸钙、乳酸钙、其溶解物质及其组合。
根据特定实施例,骨质疏松症管理剂是镁源。镁源是含有镁的任何化合物,包括镁的盐络合物、溶解物质和其他形式。镁源的非限制性实例包括氯化镁、柠檬酸镁、葡庚糖酸镁、葡萄糖酸镁、乳酸镁、氢氧化镁、吡啶甲酸镁(magnesium picolate)、硫酸镁、其溶解物质、及其混合物。在另一个特定实施例中,镁源包括氨基酸螯合镁或肌酸螯合镁。
在其他实施例中,骨质疏松症剂选自维生素D、维生素C、维生素K、其前体和/或β-胡萝卜素及其组合。
多种植物和植物提取物也已被确定为对于预防和治疗骨质疏松症是有效的。作为骨质疏松症管理剂的合适的植物和植物提取物的非限制性实例包括如美国专利公开号2005/0106215中所披露的蒲公英属(Taraxacum)和唐棣属(Amelanchier)物种以及如美国专利公开号2005/0079232中所披露的山胡椒属(Lindera)、艾属(Artemisia)、菖蒲属(Acorus)、红花属(Carthamus)、葛缕子属(Carum)、蛇床属(Cnidium)、姜黄属(Curcuma)、莎草属(Cyperus)、刺柏属(Juniperus)、李属(Prunus)、鸢尾花属(Iris)、菊苣属(Cichorium)、坡柳属(Dodonaea)、淫羊藿属(Epimedium)、绒毛属(Erigonoum)、大豆属(Soya)、薄荷属(Mentha)、罗勒属(Ocimum)、百里香属(thymus)、菊蒿属(Tanacetum)、车前属(Plantago)、留兰香属(Spearmint)、红木属(Bixa)、葡萄属(Vitis)、迷迭香属(Rosemarinus)、漆树属(Rhus)、以及莳萝属(Anethum)物种。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种植物雌激素。植物雌激素是在植物中存在的化合物,它们典型地可以通过摄取具有植物雌激素的植物或植物部分而递送到人体中。如本文所用,“植物雌激素”是指当引入到身体内时引起任何程度的雌激素样作用的任何物质。例如,植物雌激素可以结合身体内的雌激素受体并且具有小的雌激素样作用。
用于本发明的实施例的合适植物雌激素的实例包括但不限于异黄酮、芪类、木酚素、雷琐酸内酯(resorcyclic acid lactone)、香豆雌醇(coumestan)、香豆雌酚(coumestroI)、雌马酚及其组合。合适植物雌激素的来源包括但不限于全谷类、谷物、纤维、水果、蔬菜、黑升麻、龙舌兰根、黑醋栗、樱叶荚蒾、圣洁莓(chasteberries)、痉挛树皮、当归根、魔鬼爪(devil's club)根、假独角兽根(false unicorn root)、人参根、千里光草(groundsel herb)、甘草汁、活根草、益母草、牡丹根、覆盆子叶、蔷薇科植物、鼠尾草叶、洋菝契根、塞润榈浆果、野生山药根、开花蓍草、豆科植物、大豆、大豆产品(例如,味噌、大豆粉、豆奶、大豆坚果、大豆蛋白质分离物、马来豆酵饼(tempen)、或豆腐)、鹰嘴豆、坚果、小扁豆、种子、三叶草、红三叶草、蒲公英叶、蒲公英根、胡芦巴籽、绿茶、啤酒花、红葡萄酒、亚麻仁、大蒜、洋葱、亚麻籽、琉璃苣、块根马利筋(butterfly weed)、葛缕子、女贞子树(chastetree)、牡荆、大枣、莳萝、茴香籽、雷公根、水飞蓟、唇萼薄荷、石榴、青蒿、豆粉、艾菊、葛藤根(葛根)等及其组合。
异黄酮属于称为多酚的植物营养素组。通常,多酚(也称为“多酚类”)是在植物中发现的一组化学物质,其特征在于每个分子存在超过一个酚基团。
根据本发明的实施例的合适植物雌激素异黄酮包括染料木黄酮、黄豆苷元、黄豆黄素、鹰嘴豆素A、芒柄花黄素、其相应天然存在的糖苷和糖苷缀合物、马台树脂醇、开环异落叶松脂素、肠内二酯、肠二醇、植物组织蛋白及其组合。
用于本发明的实施例的异黄酮的合适来源包括但不限于大豆、大豆产物、豆类、苜蓿芽、鹰嘴豆、花生、和红三叶草。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种长链脂肪族饱和伯醇。长链脂肪族饱和伯醇是不同组的有机化合物。术语醇是指以下事实:这些化合物的特征是结合到碳原子上的羟基(-OH)。用于本发明的特定实施例中的特定长链脂肪族饱和伯醇的非限制性实例包括8碳原子1-辛醇、9碳1-壬醇、10碳原子1-癸醇、12碳原子1-十二烷醇、14碳原子1-十四烷醇、16碳原子1-十六烷醇、18碳原子1-十八烷醇、20碳原子l-二十烷醇、22碳1-二十二烷醇、24碳1-二十四烷醇、26碳1-二十六烷醇、27碳1-二十七烷醇、28碳1-二十八烷醇(octanosol)、29碳1-二十九烷醇、30碳1-三十烷醇、32碳1-三十二烷醇和34碳1-三十四烷醇。
在一个实施例中,长链脂肪族饱和伯醇是普利醇。普利醇是关于主要由以下成分构成的长链脂肪族饱和伯醇的混合物的术语:28碳1-二十八烷醇和30碳1-三十烷醇以及较低浓度的其他醇如22碳1-二十二烷醇、24碳1-二十四烷醇、26碳1-二十六烷醇、27碳1-二十七烷醇、29碳1-二十九烷醇、32碳1-三十二烷醇、和34碳1-三十四烷醇。
在某些实施例中,功能性成分是至少一种植物甾醇、植物甾烷醇或其组合。如本文所用,短语“甾烷醇”、“植物性甾烷醇”和“植物甾烷醇”同义。植物性甾醇和甾烷醇天然少量地存在于许多水果、蔬菜、坚果、种子、谷物、豆类、植物油、树皮和其他植物来源中。甾醇是在C-3处具有羟基的甾族化合物的亚组。通常,植物甾醇在甾核内具有双键,如胆固醇;然而,植物甾醇还可以在C-24处包含取代的侧链(R),如乙基或甲基,或额外的双键。植物甾醇的结构是本领域技术人员熟知的。
已发现至少44种天然存在的植物甾醇,并且它们通常源于植物,如玉米、大豆、小麦和桐油;然而,它们还能以合成方式产生以形成与天然的那些相同的组合物或者具有与天然存在的植物甾醇特性类似的特性的组合物。非限制性的适合植物甾醇包括但不限于,4-去甲基甾醇(例如,β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、菜籽甾醇、22-脱氢菜籽甾醇以及Δ5-燕麦甾醇)、4-单甲基甾醇和4,4-二甲基甾醇(三萜烯醇)(例如,环阿屯醇、24-亚甲基环木菠萝烷醇和环甾烷醇(cyclobranol))。
如本文所用,短语“甾烷醇”、“植物性甾烷醇”和“植物甾烷醇”同义。植物甾烷醇是在自然界中仅微量存在的饱和甾醇并且也可以如通过对植物甾醇进行氢化而以合成方式产生。合适的植物甾烷醇包括但不限于β-谷甾烷醇、菜油甾烷醇、环木菠萝烷醇以及其他三萜醇类的饱和形式。
如本文所用,植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇两者包括多种异构体如α和β异构体。本发明的植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇还可以呈其酯形式。用于得到植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇的酯的合适方法是本领域普通技术人员熟知的,并且在美国专利号6,589,588、6,635,774、6,800,317和美国专利公开号2003/0045473中披露。合适的植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇的酯的非限制性实例包括乙酸谷甾醇酯、油酸谷甾醇酯、油酸豆甾醇酯、及其对应的植物甾烷醇酯。本发明的植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇还可以包括其衍生物。
示例性添加剂包括但不限于碳水化合物、多元醇、氨基酸及其对应盐、聚氨基酸及其对应盐、糖酸及其对应盐、核苷酸、有机酸、无机酸、包括有机酸盐和有机碱盐的有机盐、无机盐、苦味化合物、咖啡因、调味剂和调味成分、涩味化合物、蛋白质或蛋白质水解物、表面活性剂、乳化剂、植物提取物、类黄酮、醇、聚合物及其组合。
在一个实施例中,组合物进一步包含一种或多种多元醇。如本文所用,术语“多元醇”是指含有超过一个羟基的分子。多元醇可以是分别含有2个、3个和4个羟基的二元醇、三元醇或四元醇。多元醇还可以含有超过4个羟基,如分别含有5个、6个或7个羟基的五元醇、六元醇、七元醇等。另外,多元醇还可以是作为碳水化合物的还原形式的糖醇、多羟基醇或多元醇,其中羰基(醛或酮,还原糖)已被还原成伯羟基或仲羟基。在一些实施例中,多元醇的非限制性实例包括麦芽糖醇、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、乳糖醇、木糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、丙二醇、甘油(丙三醇)、苏糖醇、半乳糖醇、帕拉金糖、还原性低聚异麦芽糖、还原性低聚木糖、还原性低聚龙胆糖、还原性麦芽糖糖浆、还原性葡萄糖糖浆以及糖醇或能够被还原的不会不利地影响味道的任何其他碳水化合物。
合适的氨基酸添加剂包括但不限于天冬氨酸、精氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、苏氨酸、茶氨酸、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸、亮氨酸、阿拉伯糖、反式-4-羟基脯氨酸、异亮氨酸、天冬酰胺、丝氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、鸟氨酸、甲硫氨酸、肉毒碱、氨基丁酸(α-异构体、β-异构体和/或δ-异构体)、谷氨酰胺、羟基脯氨酸、牛磺酸、正缬氨酸、肌氨酸及其盐形式如钠盐或钾盐或酸盐。氨基酸添加剂还可以呈D-构型或L-构型以及呈相同或不同氨基酸的一元、二元或三元形式。另外,如果适当的话,氨基酸可以是α-、β-、γ-和/或δ-异构体。在一些实施例中,以上氨基酸及其相应盐(例如,其钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐或其他碱金属盐或碱土金属盐,或酸盐)的组合也是合适的添加剂。氨基酸可以是天然的或合成的。氨基酸还可以是经修饰的。经修饰的氨基酸是指其中至少一个原子已经被添加、去除、取代或其组合的任何氨基酸(例如,N-烷基氨基酸、N-酰基氨基酸或N-甲基氨基酸)。经修饰的氨基酸的非限制性实例包括氨基酸衍生物,如三甲基甘氨酸、N-甲基-甘氨酸和N-甲基-丙氨酸。如本文所用,经修饰的氨基酸涵盖经修饰的氨基酸和未经修饰的氨基酸二者。如本文所用,氨基酸还涵盖肽和多肽(例如,二肽、三肽、四肽和五肽)二者,如谷胱甘肽和L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺。合适的聚氨基酸添加剂包括聚-L-天冬氨酸、聚-L-赖氨酸(例如,聚-L-α-赖氨酸或聚-L-ε-赖氨酸)、聚-L-鸟氨酸(例如,聚-L-α-鸟氨酸或聚-L-ε-鸟氨酸)、聚-L-精氨酸、其他聚合物形式的氨基酸、及其盐形式(例如,钙盐、钾盐、钠盐或镁盐,如L-谷氨酸单钠盐)。聚氨基酸添加剂也可以呈D-构型或L-构型。另外,如果适当的话,聚氨基酸可以是α-异构体、β-异构体、γ-异构体、δ-异构体和ε-异构体。在一些实施例中,以上聚氨基酸及其相应盐(例如,其钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐或其他碱金属盐或碱土金属盐或酸盐)的组合也是合适的添加剂。本文所述的聚氨基酸还可以包括不同氨基酸的共聚物。聚氨基酸可以是天然的或合成的。聚氨基酸也可以是经修饰的,以使得至少一个原子被添加、去除、取代或其组合(例如,N-烷基聚氨基酸或N-酰基聚氨基酸)。如本文所用,聚氨基酸涵盖经修饰的聚氨基酸和未经修饰的聚氨基酸二者。例如,经修饰的聚氨基酸包括但不限于具有不同分子量(MW)的聚氨基酸,如具有1,500的MW、6,000的MW、25,200的MW、63,000的MW、83,000的MW或300,000的MW的聚-L-α-赖氨酸。
合适的糖酸添加剂包括但不限于醛糖酸、糖醛酸、醛糖二酸、海藻酸、葡糖酸、葡糖醛酸、葡糖二酸、半乳糖二酸、半乳糖醛酸、及其盐(例如,钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐或其他生理学上可接受的盐)及其组合。
合适的核苷酸添加剂包括但不限于单磷酸肌苷(“IMP”)、单磷酸鸟苷(“GMP”)、单磷酸腺苷(“AMP”)、单磷酸胞嘧啶(CMP)、单磷酸尿嘧啶(UMP)、二磷酸肌苷、二磷酸鸟苷、二磷酸腺苷、二磷酸胞嘧啶、二磷酸尿嘧啶、三磷酸肌苷、三磷酸鸟苷、三磷酸腺苷、三磷酸胞嘧啶、三磷酸尿嘧啶、其碱金属盐或碱土金属盐及其组合。本文所述的核苷酸还可以包含核苷酸相关的添加剂,如核苷或核酸碱基(例如,鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶、腺嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶)。
合适的有机酸添加剂包括包含-COOH部分的任何化合物,如例如C2-C30羧酸、取代的羟基C2-C30羧酸、丁酸(乙酯)、取代的丁酸(乙酯)、苯甲酸、取代的苯甲酸(例如,2,4-二羟基苯甲酸)、取代的肉桂酸、羟基酸、取代的羟基苯甲酸、茴香酸取代的环己基羧酸、鞣酸、乌头酸、乳酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、异柠檬酸、葡糖酸、葡庚糖酸、己二酸、羟基柠檬酸、苹果酸、水果酒石酸(fruitaric acid)(苹果酸、富马酸和酒石酸的共混物)、富马酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、绿原酸、水杨酸、肌酸、咖啡酸、胆汁酸、乙酸、抗坏血酸、海藻酸、异抗坏血酸、聚谷氨酸、葡糖酸δ内酯、及其碱金属盐或碱土金属盐衍生物。另外,有机酸添加剂也可以呈D-构型或L-构型。
合适的有机酸添加剂盐包括但不限于所有有机酸的钠盐、钙盐、钾盐、以及镁盐,如柠檬酸盐、苹果酸盐、酒石酸盐、富马酸盐、乳酸盐(例如,乳酸钠)、海藻酸盐(例如,海藻酸钠)、抗坏血酸盐(例如,抗坏血酸钠)、苯甲酸盐(例如,苯甲酸钠或苯甲酸钾)、山梨酸盐以及己二酸盐。所述的有机酸添加剂的实例可选地可以被选自以下项的至少一个基团取代:氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、卤素、卤代烷基、羧基、酰基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺基、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、次磺酰基(sulfenyl)、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、羧烷氧基、甲酰胺基、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦基、硫酯、硫醚、酸酐、肟基、肼基、氨甲酰基、磷或膦酸酯基。在特定实施例中,当存在于消费品(例如像饮料)中时,有机酸添加剂以有效提供约10ppm至约5,000ppm的浓度的量存在于甜味剂组合物中。
合适的无机酸添加剂包括但不限于磷酸、亚磷酸、聚磷酸、盐酸、硫酸、碳酸、磷酸二氢钠、及其碱金属盐或碱土金属盐(例如,肌醇六磷酸Mg/Ca)。
合适的苦味化合物添加剂包括但不限于咖啡因、奎宁、尿素、苦橘油、柚皮苷、苦木、及其盐。
合适的调味剂和调味成分添加剂包括但不限于香草醛、香草提取物、芒果提取物、肉桂、柑橘、椰子、姜、绿花白千层醇(viridiflorol)、扁桃仁、薄荷醇(包括不含薄荷的薄荷醇)、葡萄皮提取物、和葡萄籽提取物。“调味剂”和“调味成分”同义并且可以包括天然物质或合成物质或其组合。调味剂还包括赋予风味的任何其他物质并且可以包括在通常接受的范围内使用时对人或动物安全的天然物质或非天然(合成)物质。专有调味剂的非限制性实例包括天然调味甜度增强剂K14323(德国达姆施塔特(Darmstadt,Germany))、SymriseTM甜度天然风味遮盖剂161453和164126(SymriseTM,德国霍尔茨明登(Holzminden,Germany))、Natural AdvantageTM苦味阻滞剂1、2、9和10(NaturalAdvantageTM,美国新泽西州弗里霍尔德(Freehold,New Jersey,U.S.A.))、以及SucramaskTM(美国加利福尼亚州斯托克顿市创造性科研管理处(Creative ResearchManagement,Stockton,California,U.S.A.))。
合适的聚合物添加剂包括但不限于壳多糖、果胶(pectin)、果胶质(pectic)、果胶质酸、聚糖醛酸、聚半乳糖醛酸、淀粉、食品水解胶体或其粗提取物(例如,塞内加尔阿拉伯树胶(FibergumTM)、塞伊尔(seyal)阿拉伯树胶、鹿角菜胶)、聚-L-赖氨酸(例如,聚-L-α-赖氨酸或聚-L-ε-赖氨酸)、聚-L-鸟氨酸(例如,聚-L-α-鸟氨酸或聚-L-ε-鸟氨酸)、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚(乙二醇甲基醚)、聚精氨酸、聚天冬氨酸、聚谷氨酸、聚乙烯亚胺、海藻酸、海藻酸钠、海藻酸丙二醇酯、以及聚乙二醇海藻酸钠、六偏磷酸钠及其盐、以及其他阳离子聚合物和阴离子聚合物。
合适的蛋白质或蛋白质水解物添加剂包括但不限于牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、乳清蛋白(包括其级分或浓缩物,如90%即溶乳清蛋白分离物、34%乳清蛋白、50%水解乳清蛋白和80%乳清蛋白浓缩物)、可溶性大米蛋白、大豆蛋白、蛋白质分离物、蛋白质水解物、蛋白质水解物的反应产物、糖蛋白和/或含有氨基酸(例如,甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、正缬氨酸、甲硫氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、羟脯氨酸等)的蛋白聚糖、胶原蛋白(例如,明胶)、部分水解的胶原蛋白(例如,水解的鱼胶原蛋白)、以及胶原蛋白水解产物(例如,猪胶原蛋白水解产物)。
合适的表面活性剂添加剂包括但不限于聚山梨醇酯(例如,聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(聚山梨醇酯80)、聚山梨醇酯20、聚山梨醇酯60)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯或磺基琥珀酸二辛基酯钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、氯化鲸蜡基吡啶鎓(氯化十六烷基吡啶鎓)、溴化十六烷基三甲铵、胆酸钠、氨甲酰、氯化胆碱、甘胆酸钠、牛磺脱氧胆酸钠、月桂酰精氨酸酯、硬脂酰乳酸钠、牛磺胆酸钠、卵磷脂、蔗糖油酸酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、蔗糖棕榈酸酯、蔗糖月桂酸酯、及其他乳化剂等。
合适的类黄酮添加剂被分类为黄酮醇、黄酮、黄烷酮、黄烷-3-醇、异黄酮、或花色素。类黄酮添加剂的非限制性实例包括但不限于儿茶素(例如,绿茶提取物,如PolyphenonTM60、PolyphenonTM30和PolyphenonTM25(日本三井农林株式会社(Mitsui NorinCo.,Ltd.,Japan)))、多酚、芦丁(例如,酶修饰的芦丁SanmelinTMAO(日本大阪三荣源F.F.I.株式会社(San-fi Gen F.F.I.,Inc.,Osaka,Japan)))、新橙皮苷、柚皮苷、新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮等。
合适的醇添加剂包括但不限于乙醇。
合适的涩味化合物添加剂包括但不限于鞣酸、氯化铕(EuCl3)、氯化钆(GdCl3)、氯化铽(TbCl3)、明矾、鞣酸和多元酚(例如,茶多酚)。
III.方法
提供了增强低热量饮料的口感和/或调节低热量饮料的一种或多种味道属性以使低热量饮料尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料的方法。
在一个实施例中,增强饮料的口感的方法包括(i)提供上文所述的低热量饮料和(ii)将至少一种本文所述的蛋白质甜味剂添加到低热量饮料中以提供与不存在至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的饮料相比具有增强的口感的饮料。
在另一个实施例中,增强低热量饮料的口感的方法包括(i)提供低热量饮料基质和(ii)将至少一种上文所述的蛋白质甜味剂添加到饮料基质中以提供具有增强口感的低热量饮料。
在还另一个实施例中,使低热量饮料尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料的方法包括(i)提供低热量饮料和(ii)以与不存在至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的饮料相比有效调节低热量饮料的一种或多种味道属性以使低热量饮料尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料的量添加至少一种本文所述的蛋白质甜味剂。
在又另一个实施例中,使低热量饮料尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料的方法包括(i)提供低热量饮料基质和(ii)将至少一种本文所述的蛋白质甜味剂添加到饮料中以提供尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料的饮料,其中至少一种蛋白质甜味剂以有效调节低热量饮料的一种或多种味道属性以使低热量饮料与不存在至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的低热量饮料相比尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料的量存在。
还提供了制备具有增强口感的低热量饮料的方法。
在一个实施例中,制备低热量饮料的方法包括(i)提供上文所述的低热量饮料和(ii)将至少一种本文所述的蛋白质甜味剂添加到饮料中。
在另一个实施例中,制备低热量饮料的方法包括(i)提供低热量饮料基质和(ii)将至少一种本文所述的蛋白质甜味剂添加到饮料基质中。
在前述方法的某些实施例中,低热量饮料进一步包含至少一种非蔗糖甜味剂。至少一种非蔗糖甜味剂和至少一种蛋白质甜味剂可以一起添加,即以组合物的形式添加,或者分开添加。
实例
实例1:果汁中蛋白质甜味剂的感官效果
样品制备
根据以下方案使用Simply橙汁(100%无果肉)、处理水和奇异果甜蛋白(作为从纳图瑞克斯公司(Naturex)可获得)制备样品:
1.将Simply橙汁(100%无果肉)(84g)和处理水(16g)合并。
2.使用高剪切混合器(300rpm)将饮料成分混合10分钟。
3.根据表1添加奇异果甜蛋白。
4.使用高剪切混合器(400rpm)将饮料样品混合15分钟。
5.将饮料样品储存在玻璃瓶中并盖上盖。在感官评价之前,将饮料在冰箱中储存3至7天。
制备四个饮料样品。样品的组成和理论白利糖度在表1中提供。每个样品的批量大小是1500mL。
表1.组成和理论白利糖度
味道评价
用最少6名专家组成员进行味道测试。从冰箱中取出瓶或小瓶。将样品倒入品尝杯中并由专家组成员品尝,同时使用品尝表分析样品。在品尝之前并且在品尝不同的样品之间,将矿泉水给予专家组成员以冲洗他们的口腔。在品尝下一个样品之前,还将未加盐的饼干给予专家组成员食用,接着用矿泉水冲洗他们的口腔。
结果
表2.用奇异果甜蛋白增强口感的实例
专家组成员没有记录样品之间关于酸度、异味和风味变化的任何可辨别的差异。
实例2:糖减少橙汁中蛋白质甜味剂的感官效果
样品制备
根据以下方案使用50卡路里/份淡橙汁(6°Bx)和奇异果甜蛋白(作为从纳图瑞克斯公司可获得)制备样品:
1.将根据表3的奇异果甜蛋白添加到淡橙汁中并使用高剪切混合器(300rpm)混合10分钟。
2.将饮料转移到玻璃瓶中并盖上盖并储存在冰箱中。
表3.糖减少橙汁样品的组成
味道评价
用最少6名专家组成员进行味道测试。从冰箱中取出瓶或小瓶。将样品倒入品尝杯中并由专家组成员品尝,同时使用品尝表分析样品。在品尝之前并且在品尝不同的样品之间,将矿泉水给予专家组成员以冲洗他们的口腔。在品尝下一个样品之前,还将未加盐的饼干给予专家组成员食用,接着用矿泉水冲洗他们的口腔。
结果
专家组成员记录了样品B和C提供了比样品A更甜、更浓郁的橙味道,具有更多口感。专家组成员在样品B和C中没有品尝到异味。
实例3:柠檬-酸橙饮料
用5%糖、150ppm Reb M和5ppm奇异果甜蛋白制备柠檬-酸橙起泡饮料样品。按以下量(wt%)添加柠檬酸和苹果酸:
表4
酸 | 样品1 | 样品2 |
柠檬酸 | 0.12% | 0.12% |
苹果酸 | 0.006% |
Claims (31)
1.一种包含至少一种蛋白质甜味剂的低热量饮料,其中,所述至少一种蛋白质甜味剂调节所述低热量饮料的一种或多种味道属性以使所述饮料尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料和/或增强所述低热量饮料的口感。
2.如权利要求1所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述至少一种蛋白质甜味剂选自由以下组成的组:奇异果甜蛋白、应乐果甜蛋白、马槟榔甜蛋白、培它丁、布拉齐因、仙茅甜蛋白、神秘果蛋白、卵溶菌酶、甜松露蛋白、经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂、及其组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述经修饰的蛋白质甜味剂选自由以下组成的组:经修饰的奇异果甜蛋白、经修饰的应乐果甜蛋白、经修饰的马槟榔甜蛋白、经修饰的培它丁、经修饰的布拉齐因、经修饰的仙茅甜蛋白和经修饰的神秘果蛋白。
4.如权利要求1所述的低热量饮料,其进一步包含至少一种不是蛋白质甜味剂的甜味剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述至少一种非蛋白质甜味剂是高效甜味剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述高效甜味剂选自由以下组成的组:甜菊醇糖苷、甜菊醇糖苷混合物、罗汉果苷、罗汉果苷混合物、合成甜味剂及其组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述低热量饮料进一步包含蔗糖。
8.如权利要求7所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述饮料的白利糖度是约4°Bx至约12°Bx。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的低热量饮料,其进一步包含选自由以下组成的组的高效甜味剂:甜菊醇糖苷、甜菊醇糖苷混合物、罗汉果苷、罗汉果苷混合物、合成甜味剂及其组合。
10.如权利要求9所述的低热量饮料,其中,甜菊醇糖苷混合物的浓度是约50ppm至约600ppm。
11.如权利要求1所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述饮料选自卡路里减少饮料和零卡路里饮料。
12.如权利要求1所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述饮料选自由以下组成的组:冷冻碳酸饮料、增强型起泡饮料、可乐、水果风味起泡饮料(例如柠檬-酸橙、橙、葡萄、草莓和菠萝)、姜汁汽水、软饮品、根汁汽水、果汁、水果风味果汁、果汁饮料、花蜜、蔬菜汁、蔬菜风味汁、运动饮品、能量饮品、增强型水饮品、具有维生素的增强型水、近水饮品(例如,具有天然的或合成的调味剂的水)、椰子汁、茶类饮品(例如,黑茶、绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶)、咖啡、可可饮品、含有乳组分的饮料(例如,乳饮料、含有乳组分的咖啡、欧蕾咖啡、奶茶、果乳饮料)、含有谷物提取物的饮料、冰沙、酒精饮料、以及含植物蛋白的饮料。
13.如权利要求12所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述饮料是低热量果汁饮料。
14.如权利要求13所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述低热量果汁饮料包含蔗糖增甜橙汁和奇异果甜蛋白。
15.如权利要求14所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述蔗糖增甜橙汁是8°Bx至约10.5°Bx。
16.如权利要求13所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述低热量果汁饮料包含糖减少橙汁和奇异果甜蛋白。
17.如权利要求16所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述糖减少橙汁包含至少一种甜菊醇糖苷混合物甜味剂并且是约4°Bx至约8°Bx。
18.如权利要求12所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述低热量饮料是起泡饮料,并且所述蛋白质甜味剂是布拉齐因。
19.如权利要求18所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述起泡饮料是约3°Bx至约8°Bx。
20.如权利要求18或19所述的低热量饮料,其进一步包含甜菊醇糖苷混合物甜味剂。
21.如权利要求18-20中任一项所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述低热量饮料进一步包含柠檬酸和/或苹果酸。
22.如权利要求21所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述苹果酸以存在于所述低热量饮料中的所述柠檬酸的约2至约10重量%的量存在于所述低热量饮料中。
23.如权利要求1所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述饮料包含两种蛋白质甜味剂。
24.如权利要求23所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述两种蛋白质甜味剂选自(i)布拉齐因或经修饰的布拉齐因,(ii)奇异果甜蛋白或经修饰的奇异果甜蛋白,和(iii)MNEI或经修饰的MNEI。
25.如权利要求24所述的低热量饮料,其进一步包含选自由以下组成的组的至少一种非蛋白质甜味剂:甜菊醇糖苷、甜菊醇糖苷混合物、罗汉果苷、罗汉果苷混合物、合成甜味剂及其组合。
26.如权利要求25所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述合成甜味剂选自由以下组成的组:三氯蔗糖、乙酰磺胺酸钾、阿斯巴甜、阿力甜、糖精、环己基氨基磺酸盐、纽甜、爱德万甜及其组合。
27.如权利要求26所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述合成甜味剂包含三氯蔗糖和乙酰磺胺酸钾。
28.如权利要求24所述的低热量饮料,其中,布拉齐因或经修饰的布拉齐因当存在时的浓度是约1ppm至约50ppm;奇异果甜蛋白或经修饰的奇异果甜蛋白当存在时的浓度是约1ppm至约10ppm;并且MNEI或经修饰的MNEI当存在时的浓度是约1ppm至约10ppm。
29.如权利要求1所述的低热量饮料,其中,所述低热量饮料进一步包含至少一种具有选自Ca2+和Mg2+的阳离子和选自乳酸根、柠檬酸根、葡萄糖酸根的阴离子的盐,其无水和水合物形式,及其组合。
30.一种饮料组合物,所述饮料组合物包含:
增甜剂,所述增甜剂选自至少一种无卡路里的甜味剂、至少一种有卡路里的甜味剂及其组合;以及
至少一种蛋白质甜味剂,
其中所述至少一种蛋白质甜味剂调节所述低热量饮料的一种或多种味道属性以使所述饮料尝起来更像蔗糖增甜饮料和/或增强所述饮料的口感。
31.如权利要求30所述的饮料,其中,所述低热量饮料进一步包含至少一种具有选自Ca2 +和Mg2+的阳离子和选自乳酸根、柠檬酸根、葡萄糖酸根的阴离子的盐,其无水和水合物形式,及其组合。
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