CN118557574A - 用于控制海虱的二氢异噁唑化合物 - Google Patents
用于控制海虱的二氢异噁唑化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118557574A CN118557574A CN202410679351.3A CN202410679351A CN118557574A CN 118557574 A CN118557574 A CN 118557574A CN 202410679351 A CN202410679351 A CN 202410679351A CN 118557574 A CN118557574 A CN 118557574A
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- fish
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- sea lice
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- salt
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- A61K31/42—Oxazoles
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于控制海虱的二氢异噁唑化合物。本发明涉及可注射的异噁唑啉药物组合物及其针对寄生虫侵袭的用途。本发明提供下式的二氢异噁唑:
Description
本申请是申请日为2017年5月3日、申请号为201780027017.8、发明名称为“用于控制海虱的二氢异噁唑化合物”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于控制海虱的特定二氢异噁唑化合物。本发明还涉及通过施用兽用有效量的特定二氢异噁唑化合物来控制海虱的方法。
背景技术
海虱是外寄生虫,其以宿主海洋鱼类(特别是鲑鱼)的粘液、表皮组织和血液为食。海虱属于桡足类(copepods)的亚纲。海虱会对宿主鱼类造成重大伤害,特别是它们会导致严重的鳍损伤、皮肤糜烂、出血和开放性伤口。此外,海虱可引起鱼类的慢性应激反应,这进而会使鱼类易患其它疾病。海虱侵染是鲑鱼养殖中的主要问题,并且可能导致显著的经济损失。市场上已经有许多用于控制海虱的处理方法,包括浴液处理(bath treatments),如有机磷酸酯类(例如敌敌畏和甲基吡噁磷(azamethiphos))和拟除虫菊酯类(例如氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯),以及进料处理(in-feed-treatments),如阿维菌素类(例如,伊维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐)和生长调节剂(例如,氟苯脲(teflubenzuron))。然而,已观察到对许多这些处理方法的抗性,因此仍需要新的处理方法。特别是,需要具有长作用持续时间的新的处理方法。
WO2012/158396公开了某些二氢异噁唑化合物,其被描述为可用于控制寄生虫侵染,包括外寄生虫(特别是蜱)和内寄生虫侵染。所公开的具体化合物包括外消旋化合物N-(2-氧代-2-(丙-2-炔基氨基)乙基)-3-(5-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4,5-二氢异噁唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢苯并[c]噻吩-1-甲酰胺(实施例47)。
发明内容
已令人惊讶地发现,特定的二氢异噁唑化合物N-[2-氧代-2-(丙-2-炔基氨基)乙基]-3-[(5S)-5-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4H-异噁唑-3-基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酰胺有效对抗鱼类中的海虱。
本发明提供式(I)化合物:
或其盐,其用于控制鱼类中的海虱。
本发明还提供控制鱼类中的海虱的方法,包括向鱼类施用兽用有效量的式(I)化合物或其盐。
本发明还提供式(I)化合物或其盐在制备用于控制鱼类中的海虱的兽用组合物中的用途。
本发明还提供包含式(I)化合物或其盐的组合物,其用于控制鱼类中的海虱。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述鱼类是鲑鱼。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,口服施用式(I)化合物。
本发明还提供一种鱼饲料预混组合物,其包含式(I)化合物或其盐。
本发明还提供一种含药鱼饲料,其包含式(I)化合物或其盐。
具体实施方式
如本文所用,术语“控制”是指减少海虱的数量、消除海虱和/或防止进一步的海虱侵染。
如本文所用,术语“海虱”是指鱼虱科(Caligidae)的所有成员。特别是它包括Lepeotheirus salmonis,Caligus rogercresseyi和Caligus clemensi。
如本文所用,术语“鲑鱼”是指鲑科(Salmonidae)中的所有鱼类。特别是,它包括大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo solar)和太平洋鲑鱼。
如本文所用,术语“兽用有效量”是指式(I)化合物或其盐的量或剂量,其在单剂量或多剂量施用于鱼类时提供所需效果。
本领域技术人员通过使用已知技术并通过观察在类似情况下获得的结果可以容易地确定有效量。在确定兽用有效量时,考虑许多因素,包括但不限于:鱼的种类;海虱侵染程度;鱼群的反应;施用方式;所施用制剂的生物利用度特征;选择的给药方案;伴随药物的使用;和其它相关情况。
式(I)化合物或其盐可以通过任何具有所需效果的途径施用于鱼类,包括但不限于口服施用或以浴液处理的形式施用。优选口服施用。更特别地,优选进料施用。在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物或其盐以1至10mg/kg鱼类生物量的日剂量、优选以3至7mg/kg鱼类生物量的日剂量、最优选以约5mg/kg鱼类生物量的日剂量口服施用。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物或其盐在鱼类养殖中在淡水阶段结束时或在海水阶段开始时施用。在一个实施方案中,在期间施用式(I)化合物或其盐的总处理期为3至14天,优选5至14天,更优选5至10天,最优选7天。在整个处理期间,式(I)化合物或其盐可以例如每天施用或每两天施用一次。优选地,其每天施用。在一个优选的实施方案中,每天施用持续7天。
在一个优选的实施方案中,式(I)化合物或其盐以1至10mg/kg鱼类生物量的日剂量口服施用3至14天。在另一个优选的实施方案中,式(I)化合物或其盐以3至7mg/kg鱼类生物量的日剂量口服施用5至10天。在一个更优选的实施方案中,式(I)化合物或其盐以约5mg/kg鱼类生物量的日剂量口服施用7天。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物或其盐在加药鱼饲料中施用。鱼饲料通常为颗粒或丸粒的形式。所述鱼饲料颗粒或丸粒的常见成分包括鱼粉、鱼油、植物蛋白、糖类和多糖(包括甘露聚糖、葡聚糖和藻酸盐)。此外,还可以包括赋形剂例如颜料、维生素、矿物质和粘合剂。可以在造粒之前将式(I)化合物或其盐掺入饲料中,或者可以将式(I)化合物或其盐涂覆在颗粒或丸粒上,独自或以预混物的形式。除活性化合物外,预混物还可含有一种或多种兽用可接受的赋形剂,例如淀粉、热解法二氧化硅(fumed silica)、微晶纤维素、乳糖和防腐剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,鱼饲料预混组合物中存在的式(I)化合物或其盐的量为5至20%(w/w),优选10至15%(w/w),最优选约12.5%(w/w),在每种情况下基于预混物的总重量。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,含药鱼饲料中存在的式(I)化合物或其盐的量为0.01至2%(w/w),优选0.1至1%(w/w),更优选约0.5%(w/w),在每种情况下基于鱼饲料的总重量。
本发明化合物的盐,包括药学上可接受的盐,以及制备它们的常用方法,是本领域已知的。参见,例如,P.Stahl等人,Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts:Properties,Selection and Use,(VCHA/Wiley-VCH,2002);S.M.Berge等人,“Pharmaceutical Salts,”Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.66,No.1,1977年1月。
实施例
本领域普通技术人员可以按照本领域公认的技术和程序制备式(I)化合物。更具体地,式(I)化合物可以如下述制备和实施例中所述制备。本领域普通技术人员容易获得试剂和原料。
制备1
2,2,2-三氟-1-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)乙酮
在N2气氛下,在0℃下,将异丙基氯化镁(2M,230.47mL)滴加到5-溴-1,2,3-三氯苯(100.00g,384.11mmol)于四氢呋喃(1L)中的溶液中,然后将混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时。将混合物冷却至-5℃并滴加2,2,2-三氟乙酸乙酯(109.15g,768.22mmol)。然后将混合物在25℃下搅拌14小时,用氯化铵水溶液(1L)淬灭并用乙酸乙酯(1L×3)萃取有机物质。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并减压浓缩至干。在86℃在-0.05MPa下蒸馏残余物得到2,2,2-三氟-1-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)乙酮,74%收率(175.00g),为灰白色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.05(s,2H)。
制备2
2-乙酰甲基硫基乙酸甲酯
将2-巯基乙酸甲酯(200g,1.88mol,170.94mL)加入在氮气下由钠(44.09g,1.92mol,45.45mL)和甲醇(860mL)制备的甲醇钠的冰冷溶液中,然后经30分钟加入1-氯丙-2-酮(183g,1.98mol)。将所得混合物在0至25℃下搅拌30分钟,然后在50至60℃下再搅拌30分钟。过滤反应混合物以除去沉淀物(氯化钠)。除去溶剂后,将残余物倒入冷水中,然后用乙酸乙酯(300mL×2)萃取。用盐水(100mL)洗涤萃取物,用硫酸钠干燥并浓缩得到粗物质。在减压下蒸馏粗物质,得到2-乙酰甲基硫基乙酸甲酯(250g,82%收率),为黄色油状物。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.70(s,3H),3.40(s,2H),3.24(s,2H),2.26(s,3H).
制备3
3-乙酰基-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸甲酯
在氮气下将2-乙酰甲基硫基乙酸甲酯(50.00g,308.24mmol)添加到冷却至0℃的甲醇钠(34.69g,642.17mmol)于甲醇(500.00mL)中的溶液中,然后在0℃下经15分钟加入环己烷-1,2-二酮(25.92g,231.18mmol)。将所得混合物在0℃至25℃下搅拌45分钟。在温度达到10℃后,沉淀出固体。过滤反应混合物。用甲醇(50mL)洗涤滤饼,真空干燥,得到化合物3-乙酰基-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸甲酯(127g,42%收率),为黄色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.89(s,3H),3.10-2.90(m,2H),2.53(s,3H),1.80-1.60(m,3H)。
制备4
3-[4,4,4-三氟-3-羟基-3-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)丁酰基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸甲酯
在-78℃在氮气气氛下将双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基锂(1M,272.77mL)滴加到3-乙酰基-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸甲酯(50.00g,209.82mmol)于四氢呋喃(2.5L)中的溶液中,然后将混合物在-30℃下搅拌2小时。将混合物冷却至-78℃并加入2,2,2-三氟-1-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)乙酮(69.86g,251.78mmol)。将混合物在-30℃下搅拌2小时。使用薄层色谱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,Rf=0.4)显示反应进程。用饱和氯化铵水溶液(1L)淬灭混合物并用乙酸乙酯(1L×3)萃取。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并减压浓缩至干。将残余物在己烷(500mL)中重结晶并过滤。用己烷(200mL)洗涤固体,在减压下干燥,得到3-[4,4,4-三氟-3-羟基-3-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)丁酰基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸甲酯(100.00g,83%收率),为灰白色固体。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ7.64(s,2H),5.93(s,1H),3.93(s,3H),3.63(d,J=16.8Hz,1H),3.52(d,J=16.8Hz,1H).3.10-300(m,2H),2.95-2.85(m,2H),1.80-1.65(m,4H)。
制备5
3-[(Z)-4,4,4-三氟-3-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)丁-2-烯酰基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸甲酯
在0℃下将亚硫酰氯(34.60g,290.83mmol)滴加到3-[4,4,4-三氟-3-羟基-3-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)丁酰基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸甲酯(100.00g,193.89mmol)和吡啶(61.35g,775.55mmol)于二氯甲烷(500mL)中的混合物中,然后将混合物在25℃下搅拌2小时。使用薄层色谱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,Rf=0.57和0.50)显示反应进程。用水(50mL)淬灭混合物并用二氯甲烷(50mL×3)萃取。用碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL)洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压浓缩至干,得到3-[(Z)-4,4,4-三氟-3-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)丁-2-烯酰基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸甲酯(80.00g,83%收率),为浅黄色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.54(s,0.37H),7.33(s,1.54H),7.26(s,1H),3.91(s,3H),3.10-2.90(m,4H),1.80-1.60(m,4H)。
制备6
(1S,2S,4S,5R)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-((R)-羟基(6-甲氧基喹啉-4-基)甲基)-5-乙烯基奎宁环-1-鎓溴化物
将(R)-(6-甲氧基-4-喹啉基)-[(2S)-5-乙烯基奎宁环-2-基]甲醇(30.00g,92.47mmol)和1-(溴甲基)-3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯(34.07g,110.96mmol)于丙酮(500mL)中的混合物在50℃搅拌16小时。使用薄层色谱(乙酸乙酯,Rf=0.15)显示原料的消耗。减压浓缩混合物至干。从四氢呋喃(300mL)中重结晶残余物并过滤。用四氢呋喃(300mL)洗涤固体,溶于二氯甲烷(300mL)和甲苯(150mL)中,然后减压浓缩至干。得到(1S,2S,4S,5R)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-((R)-羟基(6-甲氧基喹啉-4-基)甲基)-5-乙烯基奎宁环-1-鎓溴化物(50.00g,77%收率),为浅黄色固体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6.400MHz)δ8.83(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),8.47(s,2H),8.39(s,1H),8.05(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.54(dd,J=9.2Hz,2.4Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.90(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),6.52(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),5.80-5.60(m,1H),5.55(d.J=12.4Hz,1H),5.13(d,J=17.6Hz,1H),5.03(d,J=10.6Hz,1H),495(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),4.40-4.30(m,1H),4.02(s,3H),3.85-3.75(m,1H),3.75-3.65(m,1H),3.45(t,J=12.0Hz,1H),3.30-3.20(m,1H),2.70-2.60(m,1H),2.30-2.20(m,1H),2.20-2.10(m,1H),2.05-1.95(m,1H),1.85-1.75(m,1H),1.49(t,J=10.8Hz,1H)。
制备7
3-[(5S)-5-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4H-异噁唑-3-基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸甲酯
在-15℃下将羟胺(301.35mmol,50%纯度)滴加到3-[(Z)-4,4,4-三氟-3-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)丁-2-烯酰基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸甲酯(50.00g,100.45mmol)和(1S,2S,4S,5R)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-2-((R)-羟基(6-甲氧基喹啉-4-基)甲基)-5-乙烯基奎宁环-1-鎓溴化物(6.65g,11.05mmol)于氯仿(1.50L)中的混合物中,然后在-15℃下滴加氢氧化钠(10M,30.14mL)。然后将混合物在-15℃下搅拌2小时。使用薄层色谱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,Rf=0.48)显示反应进程。用盐酸(1M)淬灭混合物直至pH=2并用二氯甲烷(1.5L×3)萃取。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并减压浓缩至干,得到3-p(5S)-5-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4H-异噁唑-3-基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸甲酯(50.00g,87%收率),为灰白色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ7.62(s,2H),4.54(d,J=17.2Hz,1H),3.88(s,3H),3.66(d,J=17.2Hz,1H),3.10-3.00(m,2H),2.95-2.85(m,2H),1.80-1.65(m,4H)。
制备8
3-[(5S)-5-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4H-异噁唑-3-基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸
将3-[(5S)-5-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4H-异噁唑-3-基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸甲酯(50.00g,97.51mmol)和氢氧化锂一水合物(20.46g,487.55mmol)于甲醇(800mL)和水(200mL)中的混合物在25℃下搅拌12小时。使用薄层色谱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,Rf=0.08)显示原料的消耗。用盐酸(1M)酸化混合物直至pH=2,然后用二氯甲烷(1L×3)萃取。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并减压浓缩至干,得到3-[(5S)-5-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4H-异噁唑-3-基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸(46.00g,85%收率),为灰白色固体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)≤7.87(s,2H),4.40-4.20(m,2H),3.00-2.90(m,2H),2.85-2.75(m,2H),1.70-1.55(m,4H)。
制备9
N-[2-氧代-2-(丙-2-炔基氨基)乙基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯
将2-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基)乙酸(30.00g,171.25mmol)、丙-2-炔-1-胺(10.38g,188.38mmol)、1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓-3-氧化六氟磷酸盐(78.14g,205.50mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(66.40g,513.75mmol)于二氯甲烷(1.00L)中的混合物在25℃搅拌16个小时。使用薄层色谱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:1,Rf=0.26)显示原料的消耗。将混合物在水(1L)中稀释,并用二氯甲烷(1L×3)萃取。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤并减压浓缩至干。通过硅胶色谱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1至1:1)纯化粗物质,得到N-[2-氧代-2-(丙-2-炔基氨基)乙基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(30.00g,74%收率),为灰白色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ6.48(brs,1H),5.18(brs,1H),4.07(dd,J=5.2Hz,2.4Hz,2H),3.82(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.23(t,J=2.4Hz,1H),1.46(s,9H)。
制备10
2-氨基-N-丙-2-炔基-乙酰胺盐酸盐
将N-[2-氧代-2-(丙-2-炔基氨基)乙基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(7.00g,32.98mmol)和盐酸/二噁烷(4M,50mL)于二噁烷(50mL)中的混合物在25℃下搅拌2小时。使用薄层色谱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:1,Rf=0.04)显示原料的消耗。将混合物减压浓缩至干,得到粗制的2-氨基-N-丙-2-炔基-乙酰胺盐酸盐(4.90g),为灰白色固体,其可直接用于下一步而无需进一步纯化。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ8.87(brs,1H),8.14(brs,3H),3.93(dd,J=5.6Hz,2.4Hz,2H),3.53(s,2H),3.18(t,J=2.4Hz.1H)。
实施例1
N-[2-氧代-2-(丙-2-炔基氨基)乙基]-3-[(5S)-5-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4H-异噁唑-3-基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酰胺
将3-[(5S)-5-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4H-异噁唑-3-基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酸(15.00g,30.08mmol)、2-氨基-N-丙-2-炔基-乙酰胺(4.90g,33.09mmol,HCl)、1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓-3-氧化六氟磷酸盐(13.72g,36.10mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(11.66g,90.24mmol)于二氯甲烷(500mL)中的混合物在25℃下搅拌12小时。使用薄层色谱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1,Rf=0.30)显示反应进程。将混合物在水(500mL)中稀释,并用二氯甲烷(500mL×3)萃取。用盐水(500mL)洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压浓缩至干。通过硅胶色谱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1至1:1)纯化粗物质,得到具有70%ee的相应产物,其通过超临界流体色谱(SFC)进一步纯化,得到N-[2-氧代-2-(丙-2-炔基氨基)乙基]-3-[(5S)-5-(3,4,5-三氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)-4H-异噁唑-3-基]-4,5,6,7-四氢-2-苯并噻吩-1-甲酰胺(6.00g,34%收率,99.8%ee),为灰白色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.62(s,2H),7.05-6.90(m,2H),4.18(d,J=4.8Hz,2H),4.10(t,J=2.4Hz,2H),4.06(d,J=16.8Hz,1H),3.68(d,J=16.8Hz,1H),3.10-2.95(m,2H),2.90-2.80(m,2H),2.24(t,J=2.4Hz,1H),1.90-1.70(m,4H)。
LC/MS(m/z):592(M+H)+。
SFC条件如下
SFC分析条件:
仪器:Berger SFC
Chiralcel OD-3 150×4.6mm I.D.,3um
流动相:A:CO2,B:乙醇(0.05%DEA)
梯度:5min内由5%至40%的B,在40%保持2.5min,然后5%的B持续2.5min;流速:2.5mL/min
波长:220nm
柱温:35℃
保留时间:6.12min(S-异构体)
SFC分离条件:
仪器:Thar SFC 200;
柱:AS250mm*50mm,10um;
流动相:A:超临界CO2,B:EtOH,碱(base)-EtOH,起始B:40%,最终B:40%
波长:220nm
流速:200ml/min
柱温:38℃;
喷嘴压力:100巴;
喷嘴温度:40℃;
蒸发器温度:40℃;
Trimmer温度:25℃;
保留时间:5.66min(R-异构体),5.96min(S-异构体)。
体外抗桡足幼体期鲑疮痂鱼虱(Lepeophtheirus salmonis)的活性
海虱桡足幼虫用于接种含有实施例1化合物(受试化合物)的96孔板。通过连续稀释测试受试化合物以确定其最小有效剂量(MED)。使桡足幼虫与在海水中稀释的受试化合物接触1小时。然后将它们在未处理的海水中孵育48小时。如果在80秒的时间段内没有桡足幼虫移动,则确认对海虱的效力。
在该试验中,实施例1的化合物在低至0.5ng/ml海水的剂量下显示出100%的效力。
使用进料施用体内抗大西洋鲑鱼上的鲑疮痂鱼虱(Lepeophtheirus salmonis)的活性
平均重量306.5g的60条鲑鱼(大西洋鲑鱼,S.solar)用含有实施例1化合物(受试化合物)的含药丸粒以5mg/kg/天的剂量连续处理7天。含药丸粒如下制备:用含有受试化合物的预混物干法涂覆市售鱼饲料丸粒以达到在鱼饲料中0.5%(w/w)受试化合物的含量,用1%鱼油密封并以1%进料率施用。处理在海水中进行。
处理后,在处理后35、100和150天用桡足幼虫(MERL抗性菌株IoA-01)攻击鱼。在研究期间,水温在7到10℃之间变化。在处理后42天、107天和157天评估鱼体重和海虱数量。在每个取样时间对30条鱼进行计数。通过与阴性对照(安慰剂)组比较来确定效力。
效力使用以下公式计算:
%效力=100-(100×处理组平均值/对照组平均值)。
用2-苯氧基乙醇麻醉所有鱼,并在解剖显微镜下检查虱子沉降。计数后,鱼被送回槽中。
在该试验中,实施例1的化合物对处理后35、100和150天进行的攻击显示出100%的效力。
Claims (9)
1.控制鱼类中的海虱的方法,包括向鱼类施用兽用有效量的下式化合物或其盐
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述鱼类是鲑鱼。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述化合物或其盐口服施用。
4.化合物或其盐在制备用于控制鱼类中的海虱的兽用组合物中的用途,其中所述化合物为下式化合物:
5.根据权利要求4所述的用途,其中所述鱼类是鲑鱼。
6.根据权利要求4或权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述兽用组合物口服施用。
7.组合物,其包含下式化合物或其盐:
所述组合物用于控制鱼类中的海虱。
8.鱼饲料预混组合物,其包含下式化合物或其盐:
9.含药鱼饲料,其包含下式化合物或其盐:
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