CN118511795A - Application of chlormequat chloride in industrial hemp planting and method for improving yield of industrial hemp diphenol - Google Patents
Application of chlormequat chloride in industrial hemp planting and method for improving yield of industrial hemp diphenol Download PDFInfo
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an application of chlormequat chloride in industrial hemp planting and a method for improving the yield of industrial hemp cannabidiol, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The invention provides an application of chlormequat chloride in industrial hemp planting and also provides a method for improving the yield of industrial hemp diphenol. The invention can increase the content of cannabidiol by applying chlormequat chloride in the industrial cannabis planting, and can regulate and control the endogenous hormone level of industrial cannabis, thereby changing agronomic characters, increasing the yield of flowers and leaves and further increasing the total yield of cannabidiol. The method can improve the yield of the industrial cannabis sativa leaves by 55.6-62.3%, can improve the cannabidiol content by 30.9-72.5%, effectively improve the total yield of cannabidiol and improve the quality of industrial cannabis sativa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to application of chlormequat chloride in industrial hemp planting and a method for improving the yield of industrial hemp and cannabidiol.
Background
Industrial hemp refers to hemp variety type with tetrahydrocannabinol (tetrahydrocannabinol, THC) content of less than 0.3% as its mental active ingredient. Cannabidiol (cannabidiol, CBD) is mainly rich in cannabis sativa leaves, is a cannabinoid secondary metabolite with the most economic value mainly existing in cannabis sativa female plant calyx glandular wool, and has wide application prospects in the fields of medical care, foods, cosmetics and the like. However, at present, the industrial hemp varieties such as Yunnan hemp No. 7 and Yunnan hemp No. 8 which are legally planted in China generally have the problems of low CBD content and low yield, and seriously restrict the development of the industrial hemp industry.
At present, the yield and the CBD content of the cannabis sativa leaves are mainly improved by a plant breeding method, the industrialized planting variety has been developed from Yunnan cannabis 1 (CBD content is 0.4%) to Yunnan cannabis 8 (CBD content is 1.33%), but the breeding of industrial cannabis sativa needs to take a lot of time, huge funds and advanced technology, and the plant breeding has a certain uncertainty and risk because tetrahydrocannabinol in cannabis sativa belongs to mental active ingredients. Therefore, how to increase the CBD content of industrial hemp and the yield of industrial hemp leaves is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Chlormequat chloride (chlormequat chloride, CCC) is an artificially synthesized organic compound, can be used as a regulator for delaying crop growth in agricultural production, can enter plants through seeds, root systems, buds, leaves and young branches, can block the synthesis of plant endogenous gibberellin (gibberellin, GA), and can inhibit the elongation of plant cells, but does not inhibit the division of the cells. In agricultural production, chlormequat chloride can promote the establishment of photosynthetic organs, dwarf plants so as to achieve the purpose of lodging resistance, improve the nitrogen nutrition of the plants and improve the chlorophyll content, thereby being beneficial to the formation of photosynthetic products and the synthesis of starch, and research on the influence of exogenous spraying of chlormequat chloride on industrial hemp has not been reported yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the application of chlormequat chloride in the planting of industrial hemp, which not only can improve the yield of industrial hemp flowers and leaves, but also can improve the CBD content of industrial hemp.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an application of chlormequat chloride in industrial hemp planting.
Preferably, the industrial cannabis planting comprises increasing the yield of cannabidiol and/or improving the agronomic traits of industrial cannabis.
Preferably, the increasing the yield of cannabidiol comprises increasing the yield of industrial cannabis leaves and/or the cannabidiol content.
Preferably, the increase in the yield and/or cannabidiol content of industrial cannabis leaves is achieved by modulating the endogenous hormone content of industrial cannabis.
Preferably, the modulating industrial cannabis endogenous hormones comprises at least one of the following: increasing abscisic acid content, reducing auxin content and reducing gibberellin content.
The invention provides a method for improving the yield of industrial cannabidiol, which comprises the following steps: chlormequat chloride is applied in industrial hemp planting.
Preferably, the cycocel is applied when the industrial hemp plant grows to 1-2 m in height.
Preferably, the chlormequat chloride application method comprises spraying leaves.
Preferably, the working concentration of chlormequat chloride is 50-300 mg/L;
preferably, the working concentration of chlormequat chloride is 100-200 mg/L.
Preferably, the cycocel is applied for 1 to 4 times;
when the chlormequat chloride is applied for more than two times, the interval time between the adjacent two times of chlormequat chloride application is 3-8 d.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides an application of chlormequat chloride in industrial hemp planting. Chlormequat chloride promotes plant branching by regulating the content of endogenous hormone of industrial cannabis sativa, improves the yield of flowers and leaves, simultaneously inhibits the nutrition growth of industrial cannabis sativa, stimulates the synthesis of secondary metabolites of industrial cannabis sativa, and improves the content of cannabidiol in flowers and leaves, thereby improving the yield of cannabidiol. The embodiment of the invention compares the influence of chlormequat chloride, melatonin and methyl jasmonate on the CBD content of industrial hemp, and the result shows that the chlormequat chloride has the best effect of improving the CBD content of industrial hemp, has no obvious influence on the THC content, and ensures that the flower She Ganchong and the CBD content reach the maximum value when the spraying concentration is 100mg/L chlormequat chloride. The invention further measures the influence of chlormequat chloride treatment with the concentration of 100mg/L on the content of endogenous hormones (abscisic acid, auxin and gibberellin) of industrial hemp, and the result shows that compared with a control, the invention has the advantages of reduced content of the auxin, increased abscisic acid content and reduced gibberellin content, and the chlormequat chloride improves the yield of CBD of hemp by regulating hormone metabolism balance.
Meanwhile, by comparing the change of agronomic characters of the industrial hemp after the chlormequat chloride is sprayed and treated by 100mg/L, compared with a control, the invention discovers that the crude and effective branch numbers of the industrial hemp stem are respectively increased by 106.9 percent and 98.9 percent, and the plant height is reduced by 15.3 percent. It can be seen that the application of chlormequat chloride can improve the agronomic traits of industrial cannabis, wherein increasing the number of effective branches can increase the number of flowers and leaves, thereby increasing the yield of cannabis flowers and leaves.
The invention provides a method for improving the yield of industrial cannabidiol, which comprises the following steps: chlormequat chloride is applied in industrial hemp planting. After chlormequat chloride is treated, the metabolic balance of endogenous hormones of industrial hemp is regulated, so that the synthesis of secondary metabolites of plants is stimulated, and the agronomic characters of the plants are improved. The method can improve the yield of the industrial cannabis sativa leaves by 55.6-62.3%, can improve the cannabidiol content by 30.9-72.5%, effectively improves the yield of the cannabidiol and improves the quality of industrial cannabis sativa.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different plant hormones on the CBD content of industrial hemp;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of cycocel spray at different concentrations on plant height of industrial hemp;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of cycocel spray at different concentrations on the stem thickness of industrial hemp;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of cycocel spray at various concentrations on effective branch number of industrial hemp;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of cycocel spray at different concentrations on the dry weight of individual flowers and leaves of industrial hemp;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of cycocel spray at various concentrations on CBD content of commercial cannabis female;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of cycocel spray at various concentrations on THC content of commercial cannabis female;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 100mg/L chlormequat chloride on the endogenous hormone-IAA content of industrial hemp;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 100mg/L chlormequat chloride on the endogenous hormone-ABA content of industrial hemp;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 100mg/L chlormequat chloride on the endogenous hormone-GA 3 content of industrial hemp.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an application of chlormequat chloride in industrial hemp planting.
In the invention, the industrial hemp variety is preferably a floral leaf type variety, the industrial hemp is a hemp variety with THC content lower than 0.3%, the industrial hemp is preferably Yun Ma, and the Yun Ma is a Yunnan hemp series variety promoted in Yunnan province, and more preferably Yunnan hemp No. 7 or Yunnan hemp No. 8. In the embodiment of the invention, the seed of Yunnan hemp No. 7 is used as a test material, and the chlormequat chloride purity is more than or equal to 95 percent and is purchased from Beijing Solarbio company.
In the present invention, the planting preferably includes facility planting or field planting.
In the present invention, the industrial cannabis planting preferably comprises increasing the yield of cannabidiol and/or improving the agronomic traits of industrial cannabis.
In the present invention, the increasing the yield of cannabidiol preferably comprises increasing the flower and leaf yield and/or cannabidiol content of industrial cannabis. In the embodiment of the invention, the influence of chlormequat chloride, melatonin and methyl jasmonate on the CBD content of the industrial hemp is respectively compared, and the result shows that the chlormequat chloride has the best effect of improving the CBD content of the industrial hemp. The invention further compares the effects of chlormequat chloride treatment with different concentrations (50 mg/L, 100mg/L, 200mg/L and 300 mg/L) on the THC content and the THC content of industrial hemp flowers She Ganchong, and the results show that the THC content of industrial hemp is not obviously improved in chlormequat chloride treatment with different concentrations, the THC content and the CBD content of industrial hemp flowers She Ganchong can be improved in chlormequat chloride with different concentrations, the flower and leaf yield and the CBD content are in a trend of rising and then falling along with the rise of chlormequat chloride concentration, and the flower She Ganchong and the CBD content reach the maximum value when the chlormequat chloride concentration is 100mg/L. Therefore, chlormequat chloride can increase the yield of industrial cannabis CBD by increasing the content of industrial cannabis sativa flowers She Ganchong and CBD, and the concentration of chlormequat chloride is preferably 50-300 mg/L, more preferably 100-200 mg/L, and most preferably 100mg/L.
In the present invention, the increase in the yield and/or cannabidiol content of industrial cannabis leaves is preferably achieved by modulating the endogenous hormone content of industrial cannabis. The modulating industrial cannabis endogenous hormones preferably comprises at least one of the following: increasing abscisic acid content, reducing auxin content and reducing gibberellin content.
In the invention, chlormequat chloride regulates the content of endogenous hormone of industrial cannabis sativa, is beneficial to promoting plant branching and improving the yield of flowers and leaves, and simultaneously can inhibit the nutrition growth of industrial cannabis sativa, stimulate leaves and inflorescences to produce more cannabidiol, and improve the content of cannabidiol in flowers and leaves, thereby improving the yield of cannabidiol.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to further understand the intrinsic mechanism of the increase of the cannabidiol content, the effect of chlormequat chloride treatment with the concentration of 100mg/L on the endogenous hormone content of industrial cannabis is compared, and the result shows that compared with a control, the auxin content after 3 times of spraying treatment is respectively reduced by 49.8%, 39.6% and 16.8%, the abscisic acid content is respectively increased by 37.9%, 30.4% and 43.6%, and the gibberellin content is respectively reduced by 25.7%, 10.9% and 17.0%. Therefore, chlormequat chloride can increase the content of abscisic acid, reduce the content of auxin and reduce the content of gibberellin, and the concentration of chlormequat chloride is most preferably 100mg/L.
In the present invention, the improvement of the agronomic traits of industrial cannabis preferably comprises at least one of the following: increasing stem thickness, increasing effective branch number and reducing plant height.
In the invention, chlormequat chloride can increase the number of flowers and leaves by increasing the effective branch number, thereby effectively improving the yield of hemp flowers and leaves and further improving the yield of industrial cannabidiol.
In the embodiment of the invention, the influence of chlormequat chloride with different concentrations on the agronomic characteristics of industrial hemp is respectively compared, and the result shows that the plant height gradually decreases along with the increase of chlormequat chloride treatment concentration, the stem thickness and the effective branch number increase firstly and then decrease, and the stem thickness and the effective branch number reach the maximum value when the chlormequat chloride with the spraying concentration of 100mg/L. Compared with the clear water control treatment, the stem thickness and effective branches after spraying the chlormequat chloride concentration of 100mg/L are respectively increased by 106.9 percent and 98.9 percent, and the plant height is reduced by 15.3 percent. Therefore, chlormequat chloride can improve the agronomic characters of industrial hemp, and the concentration of chlormequat chloride is most preferably 100mg/L.
The invention provides a method for improving the yield of industrial cannabidiol, which comprises the following steps: chlormequat chloride is applied in industrial hemp planting.
In the present invention, the chlormequat chloride is preferably applied when the plant height of industrial hemp is 1 to 2m, more preferably 1.2 to 1.8m, and most preferably 1.5 m. The application time period of chlormequat chloride is the rapid growth period of industrial cannabis sativa, and the application of chlormequat chloride is not only beneficial to promoting plant branching and improving the yield of cannabis sativa leaves, but also beneficial to inhibiting the nutrition growth of cannabis sativa, stimulating the leaves and inflorescences of industrial cannabis sativa to produce more cannabidiol, improving the content of cannabidiol in the leaves of cannabis sativa and further improving the yield of cannabidiol. The condition of application is preferably strong light condition in the noon of sunny day, and the application in sunny day is more favorable for enabling chlormequat chloride to be rapidly absorbed, so that the generation of cannabidiol is stimulated.
In the present invention, the method of applying chlormequat chloride preferably comprises spraying leaves; more preferably, chlormequat chloride solution is sprayed on the leaves until the leaves drop liquid; the working concentration of chlormequat chloride is preferably 50-300 mg/L, more preferably 100-200 mg/L, and most preferably 100mg/L; the number of times of application of chlormequat chloride is preferably 1 to 4 times, more preferably 2 to 3 times, and most preferably 3 times; when the administration is performed twice or more, the interval between the adjacent two administrations is preferably 3 to 8d, more preferably 4 to 6d, and most preferably 5d.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with examples for further illustrating the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Test design
By adopting a pot planting mode, a plastic cultivation pot with the height of 27cm, the inner diameter of 35cm and the bottom diameter of 22cm, a fine mud carbon matrix with the particle size of 5-10 mm and starting nutrition are used, a compound fertilizer (the proportion of N: P 2O5:K2 O is 20:6:10) and the matrix are mixed according to the proportion of 500:1, water is added, the pot is filled after the mixture is uniformly stirred, 10 hemp seeds are sown in each cultivation pot (the weight of each pot matrix is the same), the seedlings are thinned when the seedlings grow to a third pair of true leaves, and 3 seedlings with uniform growth vigor are planted in each pot. When the industrial hemp plants are about 1.5m high, selecting a period of strong sun illumination on sunny days, and using three plant hormones, wherein each hormone is provided with 4 concentrations: cycocel (50, 100, 200, 300 mg/L), methyl jasmonate (50, 100, 200, 300 mu mol/L) and melatonin (50, 100, 200, 300 mg/L) are respectively sprayed on leaf surfaces of industrial hemp plants until leaf drops are sprayed, and clear water (0 mg/L) is sprayed as a control. The spraying was continued 3 times at 5d intervals. Other normal management is carried out until harvest.
The plant height and stem thickness of the plant are measured before spraying treatment, the plant height, stem thickness and effective branch number are measured again in the harvest period (the end of plant reproductive growth), the flower and leaf at the top of the main stem of the female plant are taken in the harvest period to measure the content of CBD and THC, all the flower and leaf of the whole plant are taken in the harvest period, and the dry weight is obtained after drying in the shade. And (3) after each spraying treatment, taking a third pair of true leaves from top to bottom on the main stem of the plant, preserving at-80 ℃, sampling for 3 times, and uniformly measuring the content of endogenous hormones (auxin IAA, gibberellin GA 3 and abscisic acid ABA).
2. Determination of plant agronomic index and physiological index
1 Determination of agronomic indicators
1.1 Plant height and stem thickness: the plant height and stem thickness of each cannabis plant were measured before hormone treatment and measured once more during the harvest period. The plant height is measured by taking the bottom of the hemp stalk as a starting point and the tip as an ending point by a metric ruler. The stem thickness was measured with a vernier caliper (precision 0.01 cm), the diameter of the main stem at a distance of 3cm from the soil surface. The plant height relative growth rate (H) is calculated according to the formula I, and the stem thickness relative growth rate (D) is calculated according to the formula II.
Relative growth rate of plant height (H,%) =post-treatment plant height (H 1) -pre-treatment plant height (H 2)/pre-treatment plant height H 2 ×100
Formula I
Relative increase rate of stem thickness (D,%) =post-treatment stem thickness (D 1) -pre-treatment stem thickness (D 2)/pre-treatment stem thickness D 2 ×100
Formula II
1.2 Effective number of branches (number/strain): starting from the first branch at the bottom of the stem, the number reaches the number of all trunk branches at the tip of the stem (the length is more than 10cm as the effective branch number).
1.3 Individual flowers She Ganchong (g/plant): cutting off hemp plants, cutting off all flowers and leaves of each plant, respectively placing the cut hemp plants into net bags, placing the net bags in a shade place for airing, and weighing flowers She Ganchong.
2 Cannabidiol (CBD,%) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC,%) content determination
Taking flowers and leaves at the top of main stems of female industrial hemp plants in the harvest period, drying and grinding, and measuring the contents of CBD and THC of the industrial hemp by using a liquid chromatography, wherein reference NY/T3252.1-2018 is the first part of industrial hemp seeds: variety, wherein the extracting solution is changed into methanol, and the mobile phase B is changed into pure water.
3 Determination of endogenous hormone content
And taking a third pair of true leaves from top to bottom of the main stem of the plant after each treatment, quick-freezing in liquid nitrogen, storing in a refrigerator at-80 ℃, and determining the sample by using high performance liquid chromatography by the enzyme-linked biotechnology company of Dongguan city.
3. Data processing and analysis
Test data were processed using Microsoft Excel 2016, single-factor anova with SPSS STATISTICS 26.0.0 software, multiple comparisons and difference significance tests (P < 0.05) using LSD method, and plotted using GraphPad 8.0.2.
4. Measurement results
1 The effect of different plant hormones and concentrations on the CBD content of industrial hemp is shown in figure 1
As shown in figure 1, after three hormones are respectively sprayed on industrial hemp leaves, chlormequat chloride can be found to effectively improve the CBD content of hemp, and the effect is best when the concentration is 100 mg/L. Melatonin and methyl jasmonate also have a certain effect on improving cannabis CBD, but compared with chlormequat chloride, the effect is not obvious.
2 Effects of chlormequat chloride treatments at different concentrations on agronomic traits of industrial hemp are shown in FIGS. 2-4
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, as the chlormequat chloride treatment concentration increases, the stem thickness and effective branch number of industrial hemp, except plant height, are in a trend of rising and then falling with the increase of the concentration, and each index reaches the maximum value when chlormequat chloride with the concentration of 100mg/L is sprayed. Compared with 0mg/L (clear water control) treatment, the stem thickness and effective branches after spraying the chlormequat chloride with the concentration of 100mg/L are respectively increased by 106.9 percent and 98.9 percent, and the plant height is reduced by 15.3 percent.
3 Effect of chlormequat chloride treatments at different concentrations on Industrial Cannabis sativa flower She Ganchong (FIG. 5), CBD content (FIG. 6) and THC content (FIG. 7)
As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, as chlormequat concentration increases, the amounts of industrial hemp flowers She Ganchong and CBD increase and decrease, but are significantly higher than that of the 0mg/L (clear water control) treatment, and under the 100mg/L chlormequat spray treatment, the amounts of industrial hemp flowers She Ganchong and CBD reach the maximum. Compared with the control, the CBD content of the industrial hemp is respectively increased by 46.2%, 72.5%, 30.9% and 22% under the treatment of spraying 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 200mg/L and 300mg/L chlormequat chloride, and the dry weight of the single plant flower and leaf is respectively increased by 25.9%, 62.3%, 55.6% and 43.12%. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the THC content of industrial hemp was not significantly improved by spraying 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 200mg/L and 300mg/L compared with the control.
4 The effect of cycocel spray on the endogenous hormone content of industrial hemp is shown in figures 8-10
As can be seen from FIG. 8, with increasing treatment time and frequency, the IAA content of industrial hemp plants tended to rise continuously, regardless of whether 0mg/L (fresh water control) or 100mg/L chlormequat chloride was sprayed. However, IAA content in the chlormequat chloride 100mg/L treatment was always lower than that in the control (0 mg/L) treatment. IAA levels after 3 spray treatments were reduced by 49.8%, 39.6% and 16.8%, respectively, as compared to the control.
As can be seen from FIG. 9, the ABA content of the industrial hemp plants tended to decrease gradually with increasing treatment time and frequency, regardless of whether 0mg/L or 100mg/L chlormequat chloride was sprayed. Meanwhile, the ABA content under the chlormequat chloride treatment of 100mg/L is always higher than that of the control treatment. The ABA content after 3 spray treatments was increased by 37.9%, 30.4% and 43.6%, respectively, compared to the control.
As can be seen from FIG. 10, with increasing treatment time and frequency, the GA 3 content of the industrial hemp plant tended to rise and then fall regardless of whether 0mg/L or 100mg/L chlormequat chloride was sprayed, but the GA 3 content in the 100mg/L chlormequat chloride treatment was always lower than that in the control treatment. The GA 3 content after 3 spray treatments was reduced by 25.7%, 10.9% and 17.0% compared to the control.
The results show that chlormequat chloride CCC regulates and controls the growth and development of cannabis plants mainly by increasing the content of ABA and reducing the content of IAA and GA 3, optimizes the cannabis plant type to improve the agronomic characters of cannabis, and promotes the accumulation of the content of secondary metabolite CBD so as to achieve the aim of improving the yield of CBD.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all embodiments of the invention, other embodiments may be obtained according to the present embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An application of chlormequat chloride in industrial hemp planting.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the industrial cannabis planting comprises increasing cannabidiol production and/or improving industrial cannabis agronomic traits.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein said increasing the yield of cannabidiol comprises increasing the yield of industrial cannabis leaves and/or the cannabidiol content.
4. Use according to claim 3, wherein said increase in industrial cannabis leaf yield and/or cannabidiol content is achieved by modulating the endogenous hormone content of industrial cannabis.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the modulation of industrial cannabis endogenous hormones comprises at least one of the following: increasing abscisic acid content, reducing auxin content and reducing gibberellin content.
6. A method for increasing the yield of industrial cannabidiol comprising the steps of: chlormequat chloride is applied in industrial hemp planting.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the cycocel is applied at a time of up to 1-2 m in industrial hemp plant height.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method of administering chlormequat chloride comprises spraying leaves.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the working concentration of chlormequat chloride is 50-300 mg/L;
preferably, the working concentration of chlormequat chloride is 100-200 mg/L.
10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the cycocel is administered 1 to 4 times;
when the chlormequat chloride is applied for more than two times, the interval time between the adjacent two times of chlormequat chloride application is 3-8 d.
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