CN118104555A - Method for cultivating paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedlings - Google Patents
Method for cultivating paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 241000519406 Paphiopedilum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017375 Brosimum guianense Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000097582 Cecropia peltata Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010884 Cecropia peltata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for cultivating paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedlings, which comprises the following steps: 1) And (3) culturing seedlings: 10-20 days before cultivation, raising the temperature in a greenhouse to 50-60 ℃ for 4-5 days, spraying disinfectant to a seedbed for 3-4 times every 2-3 days, and transplanting the planted seedlings obtained in the first seedling container in the second seedling container; 2) Transplanting medium seedlings: selecting medium seedlings with the width of Miao Guan-12 cm, removing diseased seedlings before transplanting, spraying disinfectant after transplanting, and culturing the medium seedlings with the orientation of each blade of the medium seedlings being perpendicular to the wind direction of fans on two sides of a greenhouse after transplanting without watering within 2-3 days. The method effectively improves the flowering proportion of the obtained paphiopedilum longifolium after effectively controlling each growth stage from the tissue culture seedling to the small seedling, the small seedling to the medium seedling and the medium seedling to the large seedling, shortens the time from the tissue culture seedling to flowering, and effectively solves the problems of less flowering and long time from the tissue culture seedling to flowering culture of the existing paphiopedilum longifolium.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of paphiopedilum planting, in particular to a paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedling cultivation method.
Background
Paphiopedilum longifolium (Paphiopedilum dianthum Tang & f.t.wang) is a plant of the genus paphiopedilum of the family lanaceae. The paphiopedilum longifolium plants are higher and bigger; blade broad band shape or tongue shape; the petals are light green or light yellow green, have dark stripes or brown-red halation, and the lips are green-yellow and have light chestnut halation. The paphiopedilum longifolium likes light, the plants at the position with sufficient illumination are strong, and the leaves are thicker; is resistant to dry barren. The paphiopedilum longifolium is mainly bred by dividing strains.
In most cases, the industrialized large-scale culture of the strain is started by taking tissue culture seedlings, but the large seedlings obtained by the existing paphiopedilum culture method exist: the culture time required from the tissue culture seedling to flowering is more than 3 years; the problem of low flowering rate reduces the user's preference.
For example, CN 201710109536.0 discloses a tissue culture rapid propagation method of paphiopedilum longifolium, which comprises the following steps: (1) self-pollination; (2) pod picking; (3) aseptic seeding; (4) proliferation subculture; (5) rooting and seedling strengthening culture; (6) transplanting rooting seedlings. The invention also provides a culture medium system suitable for quick propagation of the paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture, which comprises a germination culture medium, a proliferation culture medium and a rooting and seedling strengthening culture medium, and can be used in the paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture quick propagation method. The seedling cultivated by the method has the advantages of high germination rate, strong and developed root system and short growth period, and meanwhile, the method is simple and easy to operate, has low production cost and provides a good foundation for the commercial production of paphiopedilum longifolium. However, the method can only improve the tissue culture speed of the paphiopedilum longifolium and can not improve the flowering phase and the flowering rate of the tissue culture seedling in the later culture period.
The information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the application provides a method for cultivating the tissue culture seedlings of paphiopedilum longifolium, the time required from cultivating the tissue culture seedlings to flowering is only 2-3 years, compared with the existing cultivation method, the method is effectively shortened, and the flowering proportion of the tissue culture seedlings can be increased from 20-30% of the raw materials to 50%.
The application provides a method for cultivating paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) culturing seedlings: 10-20 days before cultivation, raising the temperature in a greenhouse to 50-60 ℃ for 4-5 days, spraying disinfectant to a seedbed every 2-3 days, transplanting the planted seedlings obtained in the first seedling container in a second seedling container, filling seedling matrixes in a gap between the planted seedlings and the second seedling container to finish seedling replacement operation, placing the seedlings in the second seedling container on a tray frame after seedling replacement, ensuring that the directions of the leaves of the seedlings are uniform, and carrying out seedling cultivation after the orientations of the leaves are perpendicular to the water curtain wind directions of fans at two sides of the greenhouse;
in the seedling cultivation process: the day temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ and the night temperature is kept at 15-20 ℃;
The illumination intensity is 1.5 kaleidos; the air humidity is 80%; the EC value of water is 0.5, the pH value is 5.6 to 6.2, the water is sprayed for 4 to 6 days for one time, and the water is watered by adopting a twice watering method;
applying fertilizer once in two weeks, and spraying liquid fertilizer on the root area and the leaf surface;
2) Transplanting medium seedlings: selecting medium seedlings with the width of Miao Guan being more than or equal to 12 cm, removing diseased seedlings before transplanting, spraying disinfectant after transplanting, and not watering within 2-3 days, wherein the orientation of each blade of the medium seedlings after transplanting is perpendicular to the wind direction of a fan water curtain at two sides of a greenhouse, and cultivating to obtain large seedlings;
in the process of culturing the medium seedlings to obtain large seedlings, the daily temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ and the night temperature is kept at 15-20 ℃; the illumination intensity is 1.8-2 kaleidos;
in the process of cultivating the medium seedlings to obtain large seedlings, the flowering plants are extracted and placed under the illumination condition of 1.3 kaleidos;
The air humidity is kept at 80% in the big seedling stage, the flowering plant stage is kept at 50%, the EC value of the watered water is 0.5, the pH value is 5.6-6.2, the water is watered once in 4-6 days in a spraying mode, and a twice watering method is adopted for watering; the fertilization frequency in the flowering period is once around, and the liquid fertilizer is sprayed on the root area and the leaf surface;
The seedling matrix used is: the compound orchid, coconut shells with the diameter of 0.2-0.4 cm, bark with the diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm and snake wood sections with the length of 0.9-1.1 cm according to the following weight percentage of 7-9: 1 to 3:1:1, the composition is as follows; the compound blue stone is blue stone with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm and blue stone with the diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm according to the following weight ratio of 1: 1-2, and mixing the materials in proportion to obtain the composite material;
The disinfectant is 45-55% carbendazim wettable powder solution diluted 1000-1200 times.
After the method is integrally implemented, the survival rate of the seedlings can be effectively improved, and meanwhile, enough flowering substances can be accumulated in the seedling stage, so that conditions are provided for improving the flowering proportion in the later stage. The cup changing operation can improve the nutrient obtaining capability of the plant root system in the young seedling cultivation stage after the plant root system is relaxed.
The direction of each blade is perpendicular to the wind direction of the fans on the two sides of the greenhouse, the air flow velocity among the young seedling blades can be improved according to the arrangement, and the situation that the young seedlings are damaged due to low local young seedling air exchange speed in the greenhouse is avoided.
Preferably, the seedbed spraying sterilization operation in step 1) is separated from the last operation by one week. By adopting the operation, disease pollution in the seedling cultivation stage can be effectively avoided.
Preferably, the seedling changing operation includes: when the seedlings are replaced, the diseased seedlings are removed; spraying bactericide after seedling replacement; watering is not carried out within 3 days after seedling replacement. By adopting the operation, disease pollution in the seedling cultivation stage can be effectively avoided, and the yield is improved.
Preferably, the leaf direction of each seedling is east-west, and the airflow direction of the air outlet of the fan water curtain in the greenhouse is south-north.
Preferably, the two watering methods in steps 1) and 2) are: the water quantity of the first watering is based on the salt in the soluble matrix; the second watering is performed 20-30 minutes after the first watering to flush the salt in the matrix. The two-time watering method can better maintain the growth environment required by the young seedling and avoid the exceeding of local salt content.
Preferably, the liquid fertilizer used in steps 1) and 2) is medium N: p: the mass ratio of K is 3:1:1.
Preferably, the cultivation cup of the young seedling is 2.5 inches; the cultivation cup of the big seedling is 3.5 inches.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1) The method for cultivating the tissue culture seedling of the paphiopedilum longifolium provided by the application effectively improves the flowering proportion of the obtained paphiopedilum longifolium, shortens the time required from the tissue culture seedling to flowering, and effectively solves the problems of less flowering and long time from the tissue culture seedling to flowering culture of the existing paphiopedilum longifolium after effectively controlling each growth stage from the tissue culture seedling to the small seedling, from the small seedling to the medium seedling and from the medium seedling to the large seedling.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below in connection with the following examples, but is not limited in any way to any of the variations or modifications that may be made based on the teachings of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention.
Examples
Materials and instruments used in the examples below were commercially available unless otherwise specified; the detection method is the existing method unless specified.
The tending protection design in the process of culturing the medium-sized seedlings to the large seedlings in the following embodiments:
The first method is that the test of the relation between the shading degree and the paphiopedilum production is 3, the leaf seeds are better in double-layer shading, and the green leaf seeds are better in single-layer shading with the shading degree of more than 70%. The second is that the operation in the paphiopedilum fertilization test is carried out, and the obtained tending result shows that:
1) The paphiopedilum plant needs less fertilizer, and the fertilizer is suitable for thin fertilizer and frequent application;
2) The paphiopedilum has strong fertilizer resistance, is not easy to generate fertilizer damage, and generates slight cost when the paphiopedilum is applied for 20g per basin in the fertilizer resistance test;
3) The application amount of the compound fertilizer is better than 2g per pot, and the increase of the fertilizing amount leaves is not obvious; ".
Example 1 method for breeding paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedlings
Planting young seedlings
Planting time: 3 months to 4 months;
Sterilizing in a greenhouse: and raising the indoor temperature of the greenhouse to 50-60 ℃ 15 days before cultivation, and continuously performing high-temperature closed sterilization for 4-5 days. Spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder liquid diluted 1000 times to the seedbed and the ground by using spraying equipment before cultivation for disinfection, and continuously disinfecting for 3-4 times every 3 days, wherein the last time is used after a week.
Preparing a seedling matrix: the method comprises the steps of mixing and proportioning blue stone (with the diameter of 0.3 cm and 0.5 cm according to the proportion of 1:1), coconut shell (with the diameter of 0.3 cm), bark (with the diameter of 0.5 cm) and snake wood (with the length of 1 cm) according to the proportion of 8:2:1:1 as matrix.
Preparing a container: 4 ten thousand transparent seedling cups with the diameter of 3.5 inches (10.5 cm in caliber, 7.8cm in bottom diameter and 10.5cm in height) are prepared. Meanwhile, the orchid trays of 44.5cm multiplied by 26.8cm multiplied by 5.5cm (15 holes) are flatly placed on a greenhouse planting table frame for placing cup seedlings.
Cup replacement: filling 1cm matrix into 3.5 inch cup, taking out orchid seedling together with original matrix from 2.5 inch cup, placing into the central position of 3.5 inch cup with bottom matrix to spread its root system, taking out plants from 2.5 inch cup one by one, and filling matrix in the gaps around until matrix is about 1.5 cm from the upper edge of nutrition cup.
Two points should be noted for cup-changing planting: firstly, disease seedlings should be removed before planting; secondly, the bactericide should be sprayed after the transplanting, and the transplanting is not watered within 3 days.
And (3) placing a frame: and (3) placing the cup-replaced planted paphiopedilum seedlings into a tray frame one by one, wherein 1 seedling can be placed in 1 hole. When the fan is placed, the directions of the blades of the paphiopedilum are unified, and the optimal directions of the blades are the north-south directions of the water curtain of the fan and the east-west directions of the blades.
(II) transplantation
Transplanting after the plantlet grows to a middle plantlet (about 6 months); the disease seedlings are removed before transplanting, the bactericide is sprayed after the transplanting, and no watering is performed within 2-3 days; because the seedlings are large, the cup seedling racks are placed at intervals of 1 row of holes, namely 10 cup seedlings are placed on the 15-hole tray rack. The optimal direction of the blade is the north-south trend of the water curtain of the fan and the east-west trend of the blade; at this time, the width of the flange Miao Guan is larger than or equal to 12 cm, so that a 5-inch cup (with the caliber of 16.5cm, the bottom diameter of 13cm and the height of 16.5 cm) is selected.
Temperature and humidity condition control in the cultivation process of each stage:
first, the young seedling to the middle seedling stage
The day temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ and the night temperature is kept at 15-20 ℃; the illumination intensity is 1.5 kaleidos; the air humidity is 80%; the EC value of water is 0.5, the pH value is 5.6 to 6.2, the application is mainly spray-applied, the clear water is generally poured once in 4 to 6 days, a two-time watering method is recommended, namely, the first watering is used for dissolving salt in the matrix, and the second watering is carried out after 20 to 30 minutes and is used for flushing the salt in the matrix; applying fertilizer once in two weeks, spraying liquid fertilizer on the root area and the leaf surface, and directly applying solid fertilizer on the substrate or soil, wherein nitrogen fertilizer is taken as a main material, and N: p: the K ratio is 3:1: 1.
Medium-to-large-seedling stage
The day temperature is kept at 25 ℃ to 28 ℃ and the night temperature is kept at 15 ℃ to 20 ℃; the illumination intensity is 1.8 ten thousand to 2 kaleidos, the flower stand is extracted and then placed under the illumination condition of 1.3 kaleidos, the leaves can turn dark green, and the flower color is more beautiful; the air humidity in the large seedling period is kept at 80%, and the flowering plant period is kept at 50%; the EC value of water is 0.5, the pH value is 5.6 to 6.2, the application is mainly spray-applied, the water is generally poured once for 4 to 6 days, and a two-time watering method is recommended; the fertilizer applied in the growing period is consistent with that applied from the young seedling to the medium seedling, the fertilizer is applied once in the flowering period, the root area and the leaf surface are sprayed with liquid fertilizer, the solid fertilizer is not applied to the substrate or the soil, and N: p: the K ratio is 1:3: 1.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that:
Sterilizing the greenhouse 10 days before cultivation; when the greenhouse is sterilized, the indoor temperature of the greenhouse is increased to 50 ℃ for 4 days, and 45% carbendazim wettable powder diluted 1000 times is sprayed to a seedbed and the ground by using spraying equipment for sterilization before cultivation, and the sterilization is carried out for 3 times every 2-3 days;
Preparing a seedling matrix: the above-mentioned diametral orchid was mixed with blue stone (0.2 cm and 0.6 cm in diameter, 1:1), coconut shell (0.2 cm in diameter), bark (0.4 cm in diameter), and snake wood (0.9 cm in length) in a ratio of 7:1:1:1 as matrix.
When the seedlings are changed into the middle seedlings, the cups are changed: 1.1cm of substrate was placed in a 3.5 inch cup,
First, the young seedling to the middle seedling stage
The day temperature should be kept at 28 ℃ and the night temperature is 15 ℃;
Medium-to-large-seedling stage
The day temperature is kept at 28 ℃ and the night temperature is kept at 20 ℃; the illumination intensity was 1.8 kaleidos.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that:
Sterilizing the greenhouse 20 days before cultivation; when the greenhouse is sterilized, the indoor temperature of the greenhouse is increased to 60 ℃ and is continuously carried out for 5 days, and 55% carbendazim wettable powder diluted 1200 times is sprayed to a seedbed and the ground by using spraying equipment for sterilization before cultivation, and the sterilization is carried out for 4 times every 2-3 days;
preparing a seedling matrix: the above-mentioned diametral orchid was mixed in a ratio of 1:2 using orchid (diameter: 0.5 cm and 0.4 cm), coconut shell (diameter: 0.4 cm), bark (diameter: 0.6 cm), and snake wood (length: 1.1 cm), according to 9:3:1:1 as matrix.
When the seedlings are changed into the middle seedlings, the cups are changed: 0.9cm of substrate was placed in a 3.5 inch cup,
First, the young seedling to the middle seedling stage
The day temperature should be kept at 25 ℃ and the night temperature is kept at 20 ℃;
Medium-to-large-seedling stage
The day temperature is kept at 25 ℃ and the night temperature is kept at 15 ℃; the illumination intensity was 2 kaleidos.
Comparative example
Incubation was performed as disclosed in CN 201610947185.6 example 1.
The same batch of tissue culture seedlings of paphiopedilum longifolium was cultivated according to the methods provided in example 1 and comparative example, and the preferred cultivation amount of 100 plants was maintained in the small seedling, medium seedling and large seedling stages in example 1 and comparative example, so that the same amount of paphiopedilum longifolium was used for effect comparison in the later stage. The results obtained in examples 2 to 3 are similar to those obtained in example 1, and are not described here.
The seedlings provided in example 1 were cultivated to flowering time, respectively, according to the above method, with an average flowering time of 2.45 years; the average flowering time of the seedlings obtained by the method provided in the comparative example was 3.44 years;
the flowering rate of the seedlings obtained by the method provided in example 1 was 55%, whereas the flowering rate of the seedlings provided by the method provided in the comparative example was 24%.
The obtained results show that the method provided by the application can effectively solve the problems of long cultivation time and low flowering proportion before flowering caused by the existing paphiopedilum cultivation method.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for cultivating the paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) And (3) culturing seedlings: 10-20 days before cultivation, raising the temperature in a greenhouse to 50-60 ℃ for 4-5 days, spraying disinfectant to a seedbed every 2-3 days, transplanting the planted seedlings obtained in the first seedling container in a second seedling container, filling seedling matrixes in a gap between the planted seedlings and the second seedling container to finish seedling replacement operation, placing the seedlings in the second seedling container on a tray frame after seedling replacement, ensuring that the directions of the leaves of the seedlings are uniform, and carrying out seedling cultivation after the orientations of the leaves are perpendicular to the water curtain wind directions of fans at two sides of the greenhouse;
in the seedling cultivation process: the day temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ and the night temperature is kept at 15-20 ℃;
The illumination intensity is 1.5 kaleidos; the air humidity is 80%; the EC value of water is 0.5, the pH value is 5.6 to 6.2, the water is sprayed for 4 to 6 days for one time, and the water is watered by adopting a twice watering method;
applying fertilizer once in two weeks, and spraying liquid fertilizer on the root area and the leaf surface;
2) Transplanting medium seedlings: selecting medium seedlings with the width of Miao Guan being more than or equal to 12 cm, removing diseased seedlings before transplanting, spraying disinfectant after transplanting, and not watering within 2-3 days, wherein the orientation of each blade of the medium seedlings after transplanting is perpendicular to the wind direction of a fan water curtain at two sides of a greenhouse, and cultivating to obtain large seedlings;
in the process of culturing the medium seedlings to obtain large seedlings, the daily temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ and the night temperature is kept at 15-20 ℃; the illumination intensity is 1.8-2 kaleidos;
in the process of cultivating the medium seedlings to obtain large seedlings, the flowering plants are extracted and placed under the illumination condition of 1.3 kaleidos;
The air humidity is kept at 80% in the big seedling stage, the flowering plant stage is kept at 50%, the EC value of the watered water is 0.5, the pH value is 5.6-6.2, the water is watered once in 4-6 days in a spraying mode, and a twice watering method is adopted for watering; the fertilization frequency in the flowering period is once around, and the liquid fertilizer is sprayed on the root area and the leaf surface;
The seedling matrix used is: the compound orchid, coconut shells with the diameter of 0.2-0.4 cm, bark with the diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm and snake wood sections with the length of 0.9-1.1 cm according to the following weight percentage of 7-9: 1 to 3:1:1, the composition is as follows; the compound blue stone is blue stone with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm and blue stone with the diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm according to the following weight ratio of 1: 1-2, and mixing the materials in proportion to obtain the composite material;
The disinfectant is 45-55% carbendazim wettable powder solution diluted 1000-1200 times.
2. The method for cultivating paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the spraying and sterilizing operation of the seedbed in the step 1) is performed at a period of one week from the last time.
3. The method for cultivating paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seedling changing operation comprises: when the seedlings are replaced, the diseased seedlings are removed;
Spraying bactericide after seedling replacement;
Watering is not carried out within 3 days after seedling replacement.
4. The method for cultivating paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the leaf direction of each medium seedling is east-west direction, and the air flow direction of the air outlet of the fan water curtain in the greenhouse is south-north direction.
5. The method for cultivating paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the two watering methods in the steps 1) and 2) are as follows:
the water quantity of the first watering is based on the salt in the soluble matrix;
the second watering is performed 20-30 minutes after the first watering to flush the salt in the matrix.
6. The method for cultivating paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the liquid fertilizer used in the steps 1) and 2) is medium N: p: the mass ratio of K is 3:1:1.
7. The method for cultivating paphiopedilum longifolium tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation cup of the young paphiopedilum is 2.5 inches; the cultivation cup of the big seedling is 3.5 inches.
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