CN118006555A - 一种黑色素瘤类器官培养基及其用途 - Google Patents
一种黑色素瘤类器官培养基及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118006555A CN118006555A CN202410425769.1A CN202410425769A CN118006555A CN 118006555 A CN118006555 A CN 118006555A CN 202410425769 A CN202410425769 A CN 202410425769A CN 118006555 A CN118006555 A CN 118006555A
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Abstract
本发明涉及类器官培养技术领域,具体涉及一种黑色素瘤类器官培养基及其用途,所述培养基包含基础培养基和以下组分:内皮素‑1,牛脑垂体提取物(BPE),HEPES,GlutaMAX,Primocin,Normocin,B27无维生素A,N‑乙酰半胱氨酸,烟酰胺,rhEGF,bFGF,Y27632,A83‑01,SB202190,FGF‑10,毛侯素和肝素。本发明的黑色素瘤类器官培养基可用于肢端型和黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官的培养,类器官的生长速率快,成功率高,制备得到的类器官在形态和黑色素瘤标志物表达方面均与原发性黑色素瘤保持一致,并且对免疫细胞反应良好,为黑色素瘤的基础和临床研究提供了可靠模型。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及类器官培养技术领域,具体涉及一种黑色素瘤类器官培养基、培养黑色素瘤类器官的方法及其用途。
背景技术
黑色素瘤是一类恶性程度高,预后差的肿瘤,黑色素瘤基于基因变异可以分为4种基本亚型,其中肢端型和黏膜型是我国黑色素瘤的主要亚型。
目前临床上用于治疗黑色素瘤的药物主要包括以下几类:(1)化疗药物:常用的化疗药物有达卡巴嗪、顺铂、博来霉素、紫杉醇、顺铂、博来霉素等,大部分化疗药物可以口服,也可通过静脉注射或者是静脉滴注的方式使用。化疗药物通常联合紫杉醇进行治疗,对于晚期的黑色素瘤具有一定的效果。(2)靶向药物:靶向药物是指能够通过特定蛋白质,即靶点来杀伤肿瘤细胞的药物,常用药物有曲妥珠单抗、厄洛替尼、阿帕替尼等。(3)免疫药物:免疫药物是指可以提高免疫系统对肿瘤细胞的免疫功能,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和增殖的药物,常用的免疫药物有卡介苗、他克莫司等。上述药物虽然对黑色素瘤具有一定的治疗效果,但是还存在对部分黑色素瘤患者不起作用、副作用强等缺陷,迫切需要开发新的治疗黑色素瘤的药物。
肿瘤类器官是一类高度模拟肿瘤微环境的体外培养模型,该模型取材自患者手术、穿刺或其他途径分离的肿瘤组织,经体外培养后,可形成规则的、具有三维结构的肿瘤团块,该团块与患者肿瘤组织在表达谱、微环境等特征上高度近似,可以模拟患者体内的肿瘤组织,用于抗癌药物的体外快速筛选。以免疫检查点抑制剂为主的免疫治疗和以CAR-T疗法为主的细胞治疗技术近年来发展迅速,已成为黑色素瘤治疗的重要手段,类器官作为近年来出现的肿瘤培养技术,也可用于黑色素瘤免疫治疗的体外筛选。但是目前有关黑色素瘤类器官培养基的文献报道较少。因此开发一种适用于多种亚型黑色素瘤类器官(Melanoma Organoid,MO)的培养基,并使其兼容与免疫细胞的共培养体系,对于新的抗黑色素瘤药物的开发具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的发明人团队长期致力于黑色素瘤的研究,为了培养适用于药物筛选的黑色素瘤类器官进行了大量摸索,在以往研究经验的基础上付出创造性的劳动,设计培养基配方,并经过大量实验优化,获得适合于各种类型黑色素瘤的类器官生长的培养基。此外,本发明人还开发了一种基于气液界面类器官评价黑色素瘤免疫治疗效果的方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
在第一个方面,本发明提供了一种黑色素瘤类器官培养基,所述培养基包括基础培养基和以下组分:内皮素-1,BPE,HEPES,GlutaMAX,Primocin,Normocin,B27无维生素A,N-乙酰半胱氨酸,烟酰胺,rhEGF,bFGF,Y27632,A83-01,SB202190,FGF-10,毛侯素和肝素。
优选的,所述培养基不包含Wnt3a、Noggin和R-spondin-1中的任一种。
优选的,所述基础培养基是ADVANCED DMEM/F12培养基。
优选的,所述培养基中以下组分的浓度范围如下所示:0.2-400 ng/mL内皮素-1,10-160 μg/mL BPE,0.5-10 mM HEPES,1-10 mM GlutaMAX,0.05-1 mg/mL Primocin,0.05-1 mg/mL Normocin,以体积百分比计0.5-10% B27无维生素A,0.1-10 mM N-乙酰半胱氨酸,1-50 mM烟酰胺,20-100 ng/mL rhEGF,5-50 ng/mL bFGF,5-50 μM Y27632,0.25-2 μMA83-01,2.5-10 μM SB202190,50-800 ng/mL FGF-10,0.25-4 μM毛侯素和12.5-200 U/mL肝素。
更优选的,所述培养基中以下组分的浓度范围如下所示:5-20 ng/mL 内皮素-1,20-80 μg/mL BPE,0.5-2 mM HEPES,1-4 mM GlutaMAX,0.05-0.2 mg/mL Primocin,0.05-0.2 mg/mL Normocin,以体积百分比计1-4% B27无维生素A,0.5-2 mM N-乙酰半胱氨酸,5-20 mM 烟酰胺,25-100 ng/mL rhEGF,10-40 ng/mL bFGF,5-20 μM Y27632,0.25-1 μMA83-01,2.5-10 μM SB202190,100-400 ng/mL FGF-10,0.5-2 μM毛侯素和25-100 U/mL肝素。
另外更优选的,所述培养基中以下组分的浓度范围如下所示:10 ng/mL 内皮素-1,40 μg/mL BPE,1 mM HEPES,2 mM GlutaMAX,0.1 mg/mL Primocin,0.1 mg/mLNormocin,以体积百分比计2% B27无维生素A,1 mM N-乙酰半胱氨酸,10 mM 烟酰胺,50ng/mL rhEGF,20 ng/mL bFGF,10 μM Y27632,0.5 μM A83-01,5 μM SB202190,200 ng/mLFGF-10,1 μM毛侯素和50 U/mL肝素。
第二个方面,本发明提供一种制备黑色素瘤类器官的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将黑色素瘤组织样本充分剪碎,加入基础培养基混悬,过滤,取滤液,离心后用基础培养基重悬沉淀获得黑色素瘤细胞悬液;
(2)使用固态基质包被Transwell板上室;
(3)将步骤(1)制备的黑色素瘤细胞悬液混合于固态基质中,接种于预包被的Transwell板上室,孵育;
(4)将上述第一个方面所述的黑色素瘤类器官培养基加入Transwell板下室,培养后获得所述黑色素瘤类器官。
优选的,所述基础培养基是ADVANCED DMEM/F12培养基。
优选地,所述固态基质为I型胶原,基质胶或水凝胶。
更优选地,在步骤(2)中使用的所述固态基质是Cellmatrix,在步骤(3)中使用的所述固态基质是Matrigel。
在第三个方面,本发明提供了一种黑色素瘤类器官,所述黑色素瘤类器官是利用上述第二个方面所述的方法制备的。
在第四个方面,本发明提供了上述第三个方面所述的黑色素瘤类器官在筛选黑色素瘤治疗药物中的用途。
在第五个方面,本发明提供了一种用于黑色素瘤类器官和免疫细胞共培养的培养基,所述培养基包含上述第一个方面所述的黑色素瘤类器官培养基和添加剂,所述添加剂包含IL-2,IL-7和IL-15。
优选的,所述添加剂的浓度范围如下所示:200-1000 U/mL IL-2,50-200 ng/mLIL-7和10-50 ng/mL IL-15。
进一步优选的,所述添加剂的浓度如下所示:200 U/mL IL-2,50 ng/mL IL-7和10ng/mL IL-15。
在第六个方面,本发明提供了一种用于非诊断目的的基于气液界面类器官评价免疫细胞对黑色素瘤杀伤效果的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)使用固态基质包被Transwell板上室;
(2)将上述第三个方面所述的黑色素瘤类器官与基质胶混合,接种于预包被的Transwell板上室,于下室中加入上述第一个方面所述的黑色素瘤类器官培养基;
(3)培养一段时间后,将免疫细胞与固态基质混合,接种于Transwell板上室中,将下室培养基更换为上述第五个方面所述的用于黑色素瘤类器官和免疫细胞共培养的培养基;
(4)培养一段时间后,检测免疫细胞对黑色素瘤的杀伤效果。
优选的,所述免疫细胞是经过体外编辑或未经体外编辑的T细胞或NK细胞。
更优选地,所述经过体外编辑的T细胞是CAR-T细胞。
优选地,所述固态基质为I型胶原,基质胶或水凝胶。
更优选地,在步骤(1)中使用的所述固态基质是Cellmatrix,在步骤(3)中使用的所述固态基质是Matrigel。
在第七个方面,本发明提供了一种基于气液界面类器官评价免疫细胞对黑色素瘤杀伤效果的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括上述第一个方面所述的黑色素瘤类器官培养基,上述第五个方面所述的用于黑色素瘤类器官和免疫细胞共培养的培养基和Transwell板。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明的黑色素瘤类器官培养基具有通用性,既适合肢端型黑色素瘤类器官的生长,也适合黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官的生长。
(2)本发明培养基的组分经过优化,发挥协同作用,尤其是在添加内皮素-1后,能够有效促进黑色素瘤类器官的生长,提高类器官的增殖速度和培养成功率。制备得到的黑色素瘤类器官在形态和黑色素瘤标志物表达方面均与原发黑色素瘤保持高度一致,并且对免疫细胞反应良好,可以用于筛选黑色素瘤的治疗药物,还可以用于评价免疫治疗的效果,为黑色素瘤的基础和临床研究提供了可靠模型。
本发明的培养基不包括类器官培养中常见的Wnt3a、Noggin和R-spondin-1,降低了培养基的成本。本发明的培养基也不含血清,成分明确,对后续实验不会产生干扰。
附图说明
图1显示在包括不同浓度的不同添加组分的培养基中黑色素瘤类器官的增殖效果。其中,不同图例对应不同添加组分,横坐标为浓度编号(对应表1中各添加组分的浓度),纵坐标为培养5天后包含各添加组分的实验组相对于空白对照组的类器官相对增殖速度。
图2显示在添加不同浓度内皮素-1的培养基中黑色素瘤类器官的增殖效果。其中,横坐标为内皮素-1的浓度,纵坐标为培养5天后各实验组相对于不添加内皮素-1的空白对照组的类器官相对增殖速度。
图3显示培养的肢端型黑色素瘤类器官的光学显微镜照片(A)和免疫组化图(B)-(E)。
图4显示培养的黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官的光学显微镜照片(A)、荧光显微镜照片(B)和免疫组化图(C)-(F)。
图5显示黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官与免疫细胞共培养的光学显微镜照片(A)、荧光显微镜照片(B)和免疫组化图(C)-(F)。
图6显示靶向黑色素瘤的CAR-T细胞对黑色素瘤类器官的杀伤效率。
图7显示不同类器官培养基在培养黑色素瘤类器官效果上的差异。其中,本发明培养基(a,b)(培养基1)相对某黏膜黑色素瘤类器官培养基(g,h)(培养基2,CN114736869A)、某泛癌型肿瘤类器官培养基(i,j)(DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.021)(培养基3),某黏膜黑色素瘤类器官无血清培养基(k,l)(CN115418352A)(培养基4)而言具有明显优势,培养类器官体积更大,形态规则,成团性能好;同时,本发明培养基在缺失内皮素-1(c,d)以及缺失BPE(e,f)的情况下,培养效果受到明显影响。图b、图d、图f、图h、图j和图l分别是图a、图c、图e、图g、图i和图k对应显微镜下视野中最大的细胞团进一步放大后得到的照片。
图8显示不同类器官培养基在培养黑色素瘤类器官效果上的差异,横轴表示各类器官培养基,分别为本发明培养基(培养基1),缺失END1的本发明培养基(培养基1,缺失ENDA1),缺失BPE的本发明培养基(培养基1,缺失BPE),某黏膜黑色素瘤类器官培养基(培养基2,CN114736869A),某泛癌型肿瘤类器官培养基(培养基3,DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.021),某黏膜黑色素瘤类器官无血清培养基(培养基4,CN115418352A),纵轴表示采用CTG 3D试剂盒检测的各组类器官活性。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,以下结合附图及实施例,对所述发明的技术方案及优点进行进一步详细说明。以下以示例的方式对本发明的技术方案及特点进行说明,不应被理解为对本发明的任何限制。下文实施例给出了本发明的较佳实施方式。但是,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的具体实施方式。相反地,提供这些实施方式的目的是使对本发明的公开内容理解的更加透彻全面。
实施例1 黑色素瘤组织样本的预处理
一、主要实验材料
MACS组织保护液购自Meltenyi;Advanced DMEM/F12培养基购自Gibco。
黑色素瘤组织样本均采集自北京肿瘤医院,来自患有肢端型或黏膜型黑色素瘤患者的手术分离的组织样本,患者均已签署知情同意书。
二、实验步骤
黑色素瘤组织样本的预处理包括以下步骤:
(1)将组织样本浸泡于MACS组织保护液中,4℃运输至实验室,冷PBS充分清洗。
(2)记录肿瘤组织颜色,硬度特征,组织剪充分剪碎,将解离组织混悬于AdvancedDMEM/F12培养基中,70 μM筛网过滤,取滤液,1000 rpm离心3 min,弃上清,以1-2 mL培养基重悬沉淀,取10-20 μL培养基,按照9:1比例添加台盼蓝并计数;选取活细胞占比大于50%的细胞悬液,用培养基调整细胞浓度为5×104细胞/mL作为黑色素瘤细胞悬液备用。
实施例2 培养基组分的优化
本实施例的目的在于检测不同培养基组分对黑色素瘤类器官生长的影响。
一、主要实验材料:
96孔Transwell板购自LABSELECT;Cellmatrix购自WAKO;Matrigel购自Coring;HEPES购自Gibco;GlutaMAX购自Thermo;Primocin购自InvivoGen;B27无维生素A购自Invitrogen;N-乙酰半胱氨酸,Y27632购自Selleck;烟酰胺,A83-01,SB202190,毛侯素购自Sigma;rhEGF购自R&D;FGF-10购自Abcam;bFGF,内皮素-1,肝素购自MCE;BPE购自Absin;CTG3D购自PROMEGA。
二、实验步骤:
1、培养基的制备
(1)实验培养基的制备:在Advanced DMEM/F12培养基中添加以下组分,使其终浓度如下所示:1 mM HEPES,2 mM GlutaMAX,0.1 mg/mL Primocin,0.1 mg/mL Normocin,以体积百分比计2% B27无维生素A,1 mM N-乙酰半胱氨酸,10 mM烟酰胺,50 ng/mL rhEGF,20ng/mL bFGF和10 μM Y27632。
(2)条件培养基的制备:取200 μL上述实验培养基,分别加入下述组分,制备条件培养基母液,使其终浓度如下所示:2 μM A83-01,40 μM SB202190,800 ng/mL FGF-10,4 μM毛侯素,40 ng/mL内皮素-1,200 U/mL肝素和160 μg/mL BPE;然后使用基础培养基通过二倍梯度稀释法稀释上述条件培养基母液,获得各组分5个浓度梯度(参见表1)的条件培养基,并使用步骤(1)的实验培养基作为空白对照。
表1:条件培养基中各组分的浓度梯度
2、黑色素瘤类器官的培养
(3)使用细胞基质(Cellmatrix)包被96孔Transwell板上室,每孔20 μL,轻晃摇匀后,于4℃平衡10 min,37℃凝固30 min。
(4)将实施例1制备的肢端型黑色素瘤细胞悬液混合于基质胶(Matrigel)中并接种于预包被的96孔Transwell板上室中,每孔接种20 μL,在37℃、5% CO2的细胞培养箱中孵育30 min。
(5)将步骤(2)制备的各种条件培养基和空白对照(实验培养基)分别加入96孔Transwell板下室,每孔20 μL,每个梯度设置3个复孔。
(6)37℃孵箱培养5天后,取出96孔Transwell板,于上室加入50 μL CTG 3D,避光孵育30 min后,将96孔Transwell板置于白底96孔板内,1000 rpm离心3 min,取出96孔Transwell板,酶标仪测量白底96孔板的发光强度。
(7)以空白对照孔的发光强度为标准,经标准化后,计算各组分在不同浓度下对类器官的增殖作用。
实验结果汇总于图1,可见内皮素-1、BPE、毛侯素和FGF-10对黑色素瘤类器官的生长具有显著的促进作用(p<0.05)。虽然肝素和A8301没有显示显著的促进黑色素瘤类器官生长的作用,并且高浓度的SB202190会抑制黑色素瘤类器官的生长,但是肝素可以降低操作过程导致的应激反应,A8301和SB202190是类器官培养中常用的小分子抑制剂,因此在培养基中包含上述三种成分。基于本实施例的结果,确定各种成分的合适浓度范围和推荐浓度,如下表2所示。
表2:各组分的合适浓度范围
实施例3 测定内皮素-1对黑色素瘤类器官生长的影响
在实施例2中,发明人首次发现内皮素-1对黑色素瘤类器官的生长具有促进作用。本实施例的目的在于进一步研究内皮素-1与其他物质组合对黑色素瘤类器官生长的作用。
一、培养基的制备
(1)不含内皮素-1的条件培养基的制备:在Advanced DMEM/F12培养基中添加以下物质,使其终浓度如下所示:1 mM HEPES,2 mM GlutaMAX,0.1 mg/mL Primocin,0.1 mg/mLNormocin,以体积百分比计2% B27无维生素A, 1 mM N-乙酰半胱氨酸,10 mM烟酰胺,50ng/mL rhEGF,20 ng/mL bFGF,10 μM Y27632,0.5 μM A83-01,10 μM SB202190,200 ng/mLFGF-10,1 μM毛侯素,50 U/mL肝素和40 μg/mL BPE。
(2)含内皮素-1的条件培养基的制备:在上述不含内皮素-1的条件培养基添加内皮素-1,获得含400 ng/mL内皮素-1的条件培养基母液,然后使用不含内皮素-1的条件培养基通过二倍梯度稀释法进行稀释,分别获得内皮素-1浓度为400、200、100、50、25、12.5......0.049 ng/mL(共14个梯度)的条件培养基。
二、黑色素瘤类器官的培养
采用和实施例2相同的黑色素瘤类器官培养和检测步骤,其中以不含内皮素-1的条件培养基作为空白对照。
实验结果如图2所示,相对于不含内皮素-1的条件培养基,约0.2 ng/mL的内皮素-1即可促进黑色素瘤类器官生长,约3 ng/mL的黑色素瘤类器官即可达到最佳促进效果,直至400 ng/mL的浓度仍可促进黑色素瘤类器官生长,效果具有统计学意义上的显著差异(p<0.05)。
实施例4 黑色素瘤类器官培养基的制备
基于实施例2和实施例3的实验结果,本实施例的目的在于制备黑色素瘤类器官培养基,包括以下步骤:
在Advanced DMEM/F12培养基中加入下述物质,使其终浓度如下所示:1 mMHEPES,2 mM GlutaMAX,0.1 mg/mL Primocin,0.1 mg/mL Normocin,以体积百分比计2%B27无维生素A,1 mM N-乙酰半胱氨酸,10 mM烟酰胺,50 ng/mL rhEGF,20 ng/mL bFGF,10μM Y27632,0.5 μM A83-01,10 μM SB202190,200 ng/mLFGF-10,1 μM毛侯素,10 ng/mL内皮素-1,50 U/mL肝素和40 μg/mL BPE。
实施例5 肢端型黑色素瘤类器官的培养
本实施例的目的在于检测本发明的黑色素瘤类器官培养基对肢端型黑色素瘤类器官的培养效果。
一、主要实验材料:
小鼠抗人黑色素瘤抗体(HMB45 + M2-7C10 + M2-9E3 + T311)购自Abcam;兔抗人ACTA2抗体购自Abcam;驴抗小鼠荧光二抗(Alexa Fluor 488)购自JacksonImmunoResearch;山羊抗兔荧光二抗(Alexa Fluor 594)购自Jackson ImmunoResearch;DAPI购自Thermo Fisher;HE染色试剂盒购自Biosharp;6孔Transwell板购自LABSELECT。
二、实验步骤:
(1)使用细胞基质(Cellmatrix)包被6孔Transwell板上室,每孔500 μL,轻晃摇匀后,于4℃平衡10 min,37℃凝固30 min。
(2)将实施例1制备的肢端型黑色素瘤细胞悬液混合于基质胶(Matrigel)中并接种于预包被的6孔Transwell板上室中,每孔接种1000 μL,在37℃、5%CO2的细胞培养箱中孵育30 min。
(3)将实施例4制备的黑色素瘤类器官培养基加入6孔Transwell板下室,每孔2mL,设置3个复孔。
(4)每2-3天换液,7天后于显微镜下观察拍照。
(5)继续培养10天后,用镊子取约100 mg 6孔Transwell板上室中的基质成分,置于4%多聚甲醛溶液固定30 min,取出经固定的基质成分,吸水纸蘸干后置于冰冻切片包埋模具中,加入OCT包埋胶包埋,-80℃静置30 min后,冰冻切片机切片。
(6)取冰冻切片,按照试剂盒说明进行HE染色鉴定类器官形态。
(7)取冰冻切片,以抗黑色素瘤抗体(HMB45 + M2-7C10 + M2-9E3 + T311)(1:250稀释)和抗ACTA2抗体(1:250稀释)室温孵育切片1小时;以驴抗小鼠荧光二抗(Alexa Fluor488)(1:500稀释)和山羊抗兔荧光二抗(Alexa Fluor 594)(1:500稀释)室温孵育切片1小时,以DAPI(1:10000稀释)室温孵育切片1分钟,免疫荧光鉴定类器官黑色素瘤标记物(HMB45 + M2-7C10 + M2-9E3 + T311)以及肿瘤相关成纤维细胞标志物(ACTA2)的表达水平。
实验结果汇总于图3,其中(A)显示肢端型黑色素瘤类器官培养7天后的光学显微镜照片,可见类器官呈不规则团块状,成团性能好,直径约100 μM。(B)显示继续培养10天后,采用HE染色法鉴定类器官形态,可见类器官内细胞呈密集排列,整体呈近球形,形态具有一定异质性。(C)显示经DAPI染色,观察到组成类器官的细胞的细胞核密集排列,证明类器官构建成功,染色结果可靠。(D)显示利用抗黑色素瘤抗体染色后,观察到类器官黑色素瘤标记物整体呈高表达状态,且不同区域表达水平具有一定异质性。(E)显示针对肿瘤相关成纤维细胞标志物ACTA2染色后,观察到类器官整体ACTA2表达水平较低,表明该类器官主要由肿瘤细胞构成,间质成分较少。综上,该结果说明本发明的黑色素瘤类器官培养基对肢端型黑色素瘤类器官具有良好培养效果。
实施例6 黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官的培养
本实施例的目的在于检测本发明培养基对黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官的培养效果,包括以下步骤:
(1)使用细胞基质(Cellmatrix)包被6孔Transwell板上室,每孔500 μL,轻晃摇匀后,于4℃平衡10 min,37℃凝固30 min。
(2)将实施例1制备的黏膜型黑色素瘤细胞悬液混合于基质胶(Matrigel)中并接种于预包被的6孔Transwell板上室中,每孔接种1000 μL,在37℃、5% CO2的细胞培养箱中孵育30 min。
(3)将实施例4制备的黑色素瘤类器官培养基加入6孔Transwell板下室,每孔2mL,设置3个复孔。
(4)每隔2-3天换液,7天后于显微镜下观察拍照,然后将6孔Transwell板上室取出,浸入含50 nM CAM-AM的DPBS中,染色30 min,于488 nm荧光显微镜下观察拍照。
(5)继续培养14天后,用镊子取约100 mg上述Transwell板上室中的基质成分,置于4%多聚甲醛溶液固定30 min,取出经固定的基质成分,吸水纸蘸干后置于冰冻切片包埋模具中,加入OCT包埋胶包埋,-80℃静置30 min后,冰冻切片机切片。
(6)取冰冻切片,按照试剂盒说明进行HE染色鉴定类器官形态。
(7)取冰冻切片,以抗黑色素瘤抗体(HMB45 + M2-7C10 + M2-9E3 + T311)(1:250稀释)和抗ACTA2抗体(1:250稀释)室温孵育切片1小时;以驴抗小鼠荧光二抗(Alexa Fluor488)(1:500稀释)和山羊抗兔荧光二抗(Alexa Fluor 594)(1:500稀释)室温孵育切片1小时,以DAPI(1:10000稀释)室温孵育切片1分钟,免疫荧光鉴定类器官黑色素瘤标记物(HMB45 + M2-7C10 + M2-9E3 + T311)以及肿瘤相关成纤维细胞标志物(ACTA2)的表达水平。
实验结果汇总于图4,从黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官培养5天后的光学镜显微镜照片(A)以及经过CAM-AM染色后的荧光显微镜照片(B)可以看出,类器官呈圆形或近圆形,成团性能好,直径约50 μM,荧光显微镜下可见类器官活性较好。(C)显示继续培养14天后,采用HE染色法鉴定类器官形态,可见类器官内细胞呈密集排列,整体呈近球形,形态具有一定异质性。(D)显示经DAPI染色后,观察到组成类器官的细胞的细胞核密集排列,证明类器官构建成功,染色结果可靠。(E)显示利用抗黑色素瘤抗体染色后,观察到类器官部分区域黑色素瘤标记物呈高表达状态,不同区域表达水平具有一定异质性。(F)显示针对肿瘤相关成纤维细胞标志物ACTA2染色后,观察到类器官部分区域ACTA2呈高表达状态,表明该类器官由肿瘤细胞及肿瘤相关成纤维细胞共同组成。综上,该结果说明本发明的黑色素瘤类器官培养基对黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官具有良好培养效果。
实施例7:黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官与免疫细胞的共培养
本实施例的目的在于检测本发明培养基对黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官与免疫细胞共培养的效果。
一、主要实验材料
PBMC获自北京肿瘤医院,已取得患者的知情同意书。
IL-2,IL-7,IL-15,购自Abcam;X-VIVO-15培养基购自LONZA;CAM-AM购自MCE。
二、实验步骤
1、共培养培养基的制备
在实施例4制备的黑色素瘤类器官培养基中添加IL-2,IL-7和IL-15,使其终浓度如下所示:200 U/mL IL-2,50 ng/mL IL-7和10 ng/mL IL-15。
2、黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官与免疫细胞的共培养
(1)使用细胞基质(Cellmatrix)包被96孔Transwell板上室,每孔20 μL,轻晃摇匀后,于4℃平衡10 min,37℃凝固30 min。
(2)将实施例1制备的黏膜型黑色素瘤细胞悬液混合于基质胶(Matrigel)中并接种于预包被的96孔Transwell板上室中,每孔接种20 μL,在37℃、5% CO2的细胞培养箱中孵育30 min。
(3)将上述制备的共培养培养基加入96孔Transwell板下室,每孔50 μL,设置3个复孔。
(4)每2-3天换液,培养7天后,复苏冻存的配对患者PBMC,用含200 U/mL IL-2的X-VIVO-15培养基培养24 h后,收集细胞悬液,400 g离心3 min,HBSS重悬细胞沉淀,调整细胞浓度至8×106/mL,将调整后的细胞悬液与基质胶(Matrigel)按照1:1比例混合,接种至96孔Transwell板上室的上层,每孔20 μL。
(5)将上述制备的共培养培养基与含200 U/mL IL-2的X-VIVO-15培养基按照1:1比例混合,加入96孔Transwell板下室,每孔500 μL。
(6)培养24 h后,于显微镜下观察拍照,然后将96孔Transwell板的上室取出,浸入含50 nM CAM-AM的DPBS中,染色30 min,于488 nm荧光显微镜下观察拍照。
(7)继续培养14天后,用镊子取约100 mg上述Transwell板上室中的基质成分,置于4%多聚甲醛溶液固定30 min,取出经固定的基质成分,吸水纸蘸干后置于冰冻切片包埋模具中,加入OCT包埋胶包埋,-80℃静置30 min后,冰冻切片机切片。
(8)取冰冻切片,按照试剂盒说明进行HE染色鉴定类器官形态。
(9)取冰冻切片,以抗黑色素瘤抗体(HMB45 + M2-7C10 + M2-9E3 + T311)(1:250稀释)和抗ACTA2抗体(1:250稀释)室温孵育切片1小时;以驴抗小鼠荧光二抗(Alexa Fluor488)(1:500稀释)和山羊抗兔荧光二抗(Alexa Fluor 594)(1:500稀释)室温孵育切片1小时,以DAPI(1:10000稀释)室温孵育切片1分钟,免疫荧光鉴定类器官黑色素瘤标记物(HMB45 + M2-7C10 + M2-9E3 + T311)以及肿瘤相关成纤维细胞标志物(ACTA2)的表达水平。
实验结果汇总于图5,从黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官与免疫细胞共培养24 h后的光学显微镜照片(A)以及经过CAM-AM染色后的荧光显微镜照片(B)可以看出,类器官呈圆形或近圆形,成团性能好,直径约50 μM,免疫细胞呈圆形,直接约10 μM,类器官及免疫细胞活性均可。(C)显示继续培养14天后,采用HE染色法鉴定类器官形态,可见类器官内细胞呈密集排列,整体呈近球形,形态具有一定异质性;类器官体积较实施例5中明显缩小,表明免疫细胞对类器官具有一定杀伤作用。(D)显示免疫荧光检测类器官标志物表达水平的结果,经过DAPI染色,观察到组成类器官的细胞的细胞核密集排列,证明类器官构建成功,染色结果可靠。(E)显示利用抗黑色素瘤抗体染色后,观察到类器官部分区域黑色素瘤标记物呈高表达状态,不同区域表达水平具有一定异质性。(F)显示针对肿瘤相关成纤维细胞标志物ACTA2染色后,观察到类器官部分区域ACTA2呈高表达状态,表明该类器官由肿瘤细胞及肿瘤相关成纤维细胞共同组成。综上,该结果说明本发明的共培养培养基可用于黑色素瘤类器官与免疫细胞的共培养,并保证两者的生长及功能性。
实施例8 检测免疫细胞对黑色素瘤的杀伤效果
本实施例的目的在于基于气液界面类器官评价免疫细胞对黑色素瘤的杀伤效果。
一、主要实验材料
Colleagenase IV购自Gibco;胎牛血清购自Gibco;CXCL9,CXCL10购自Abcam;CellTiter-Glo® 3D细胞活力测定购自Promega;T细胞和靶向黑色素瘤的CAR-T细胞购自妙顺生物。
二、实验步骤:
(1)获取初代培养的黏膜型黑色素瘤类器官,具体操作为将实施例6步骤(5)中6孔Transwell板上室中的基质成分用镊子取出,组织剪剪碎,用含200U/mL Colleagenase IV的HBSS消化30 min,1000 rpm离心3 min后,弃上清,用含0.02% EDTA,2%胎牛血清的DPBS溶液清洗2次,期间充分吹打。
(2)利用基质胶(Matrigel)重悬细胞沉淀,调整细胞数至5×104活细胞/mL并接种于预包被的96孔Transwell板上室中,每孔接种40 μL,在37℃、5% CO2的细胞培养箱中孵育30 min后,于下室加入500 μL培养基。
(3)培养7天后,取孔内类器官大小均匀,孔间类器官数量接近的6个复孔,分为2组,分别用于与效应细胞(CAR-T细胞或T细胞)共培养,另取不含类器官的6个复孔,用作空白对照。
(4)复苏CAR-T细胞和T细胞,分别以4×106/mL浓度重悬于DPBS中,并将其与基质胶(Matrigel)按照1:1比例混合,接种于类器官孔或空白对照孔的上层,每孔20 μL,每组3个复孔。
(5)在37℃、5% CO2的细胞培养箱中孵育30 min,将含有20 ng/mL CXCL9,20 ng/mL CXCL10的X-VIVIO-15培养基与实施例4制备的黑色素瘤类器官培养基按照1:1比例混合,加入96孔Transwell板下室,每孔500 μL。
(6)培养48 h后,将96孔Transwell板上室取出,平衡至室温,吸水纸蘸尽残余培养基,并于上室中加入CellTiter-Glo® 3D细胞活力测定,每孔100 μL,于摇床上避光孵育30min,将孵育后的液体移入EP管中,1200 rpm离心5 min;取50 μL上清加入白底96孔板中,分别检测各组荧光强度。
(7)统计各孔荧光强度值,计算相对于T细胞,CAR-T细胞对黑色素瘤的杀伤效率增益。计算公式如下:杀伤效率增益% = (Kta-Ktt)/(Kta)/(Ktc-Kct)/(Ktc)×100%,其中,Kta为同时含有黑色素瘤类器官和CAR-T细胞的共培养组小室测定的荧光强度,Ktt为仅含有CAR-T细胞的空白对照组小室测定的荧光强度,Ktc为同时含有黑色素瘤类器官和T细胞的共培养组小室测定的荧光强度,Kct为仅含有T细胞的空白对照组小室测定的荧光强度。
实验结果如图6所示,可见CAR-T细胞共培养组的细胞活率相对T细胞共培养组显著下降(p<0.05),同时CAR-T细胞空白对照组与T细胞空白对照组的细胞活率差异不明显,提示CAR-T细胞共培养组细胞活率下降是由CAR-T细胞对黑色素瘤类器官的杀伤效应导致的,经计算CAR-T细胞在该模型中对黑色素瘤类器官杀伤效率相对T细胞增益25.3%。以上结果说明本发明制备的类器官可以用于免疫治疗效果的定量评价。
实施例9 各类器官培养基培养某肢端黑色素瘤类器官效果
本实施例的目的在于检测本发明培养基相对其他类器官培养基是否具有优势,包括以下步骤:
(1)使用细胞基质(Cellmatrix)包被24孔Transwell板上室,每孔40 μL,轻晃摇匀后,于4℃平衡10 min,37℃凝固30 min。
(2)将实施例5制备的肢端型黑色素瘤细胞悬液混合于基质胶(Matrigel)中并接种于预包被的24孔Transwell板上室中,每孔接种60 μL,在37℃、5% CO2的细胞培养箱中孵育30 min。
(3)将实施例4制备的黑色素瘤类器官培养基,缺失内皮素-1的培养基,缺失BPE的培养基,某黏膜黑色素瘤类器官专利培养基,某泛癌型肿瘤类器官培养基,某黑色素瘤类器官商品培养基分别加入24孔Transwell板下室,每孔500 ul,设置3个复孔。
(4)每隔2-3天换液,21天后于显微镜下观察拍照,于上室加入100 μL CTG 3D,避光孵育30 min后,1000 rpm离心3 min,将渗漏至下室的CTG 3D置于白底96孔板内,酶标仪测量白底96孔板的发光强度;
实验结果汇总于图7,可见本发明培养基(A,B)(培养基1)相对某黏膜黑色素瘤类器官培养基(G,H)(培养基2,CN114736869A)、某泛癌型肿瘤类器官培养基(I,J)(DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.021)(培养基3),某黏膜黑色素瘤类器官无血清培养基(K,L)(CN115418352A)(培养基4)而言具有明显优势,培养类器官体积更大,形态规则,成团性能好;同时,本发明培养基在缺失内皮素-1(C,D)以及缺失BPE(E,F)的情况下,培养效果受到明显影响,发光强度检测结果(图8)显示本发明培养基培养肢端黑色素瘤类器官细胞活率最佳,次优为缺失BPE的本发明培养基细胞活率,再次为缺失END1的本发明培养基细胞活率,三者较上述其他黑色素瘤类器官培养基或泛癌种类器官培养基均具有明显优势,其结果与图7所述镜下结果一致,结合前述实例实验结果可得,内皮素-1与BPE对肢端黑色素瘤类器官培养具有重要作用。综上,该结果说明本发明的黑色素瘤类器官培养基对肢端黑色素瘤类器官效果明显优于其他类器官培养基。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的优选实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干修改、等同替换和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (11)
1.一种黑色素瘤类器官培养基,其特征在于,所述培养基包括基础培养基和以下组分:内皮素-1,牛脑垂体提取物(BPE),HEPES,GlutaMAX,Primocin,Normocin,B27无维生素A,N-乙酰半胱氨酸,烟酰胺,rhEGF,bFGF,Y27632,A83-01,SB202190,FGF-10,毛侯素和肝素,所述培养基不包含Wnt3a、Noggin和R-spondin-1中的任一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的黑色素瘤类器官培养基,其特征在于,所述基础培养基是ADVANCED DMEM/F12培养基。
3.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的黑色素瘤类器官培养基,其特征在于,所述培养基中以下组分的浓度范围如下所示:0.2-400 ng/mL内皮素-1,10-160 μg/mL BPE,0.5-10 mMHEPES,1-10 mM GlutaMAX,0.05-1 mg/mL Primocin,0.05-1 mg/mL Normocin,以体积百分比计0.5-10% B27无维生素A,0.1-10 mM N-乙酰半胱氨酸,1-50 mM烟酰胺,20-100 ng/mLrhEGF,5-50 ng/mL bFGF,5-50 μM Y27632,0.25-2 μM A83-01,2.5-10 μM SB202190,50-800 ng/mL FGF-10,0.25-4 μM 毛侯素和12.5-200 U/mL肝素。
4.一种制备黑色素瘤类器官的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将黑色素瘤组织样本充分剪碎,加入基础培养基混悬,过滤,取滤液,离心后用基础培养基重悬沉淀获得黑色素瘤细胞悬液;
(2)使用固态基质包被Transwell板上室;
(3)将步骤(1)制备的黑色素瘤细胞悬液混合于固态基质中,接种于预包被的Transwell板上室,孵育;
(4)将权利要求1至3中任一项所述的黑色素瘤类器官培养基加入Transwell板下室,培养后获得所述黑色素瘤类器官。
5. 如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基础培养基是ADVANCED DMEM/F12培养基,所述固态基质为I型胶原,基质胶或水凝胶。
6.一种黑色素瘤类器官,其特征在于,所述黑色素瘤类器官是利用权利要求4或权利要求5所述的方法制备的。
7.权利要求6所述的黑色素瘤类器官在筛选黑色素瘤治疗药物中的用途。
8.一种用于黑色素瘤类器官和免疫细胞共培养的培养基,其特征在于,所述培养基包含权利要求1至3中任一项所述的黑色素瘤类器官培养基和添加剂,所述添加剂包含IL-2,IL-7和IL-15。
9.一种用于非诊断目的的基于气液界面类器官评价免疫细胞对黑色素瘤杀伤效果的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
使用固态基质包被Transwell板上室;
将权利要求6所述的黑色素瘤类器官与固态基质混合,接种于预包被的Transwell板上室,于下室中加入权利要求1至3中任一项所述的黑色素瘤类器官培养基;
培养一段时间后,将免疫细胞与固态基质混合,接种于Transwell板上室中,将下室培养基更换为权利要求8所述的用于黑色素瘤类器官和免疫细胞共培养的培养基;
培养一段时间后,检测免疫细胞对黑色素瘤的杀伤效果。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述免疫细胞是经过体外编辑或未经过体外编辑的T细胞或NK细胞,所述固态基质为I型胶原,基质胶或水凝胶。
11.一种基于气液界面类器官评价免疫细胞对黑色素瘤杀伤效果的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述试剂盒包括权利要求1至3中任一项所述的黑色素瘤类器官培养基,权利要求8所述的用于黑色素瘤类器官和免疫细胞共培养的培养基和Transwell板。
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