CN118000298A - Premixed feed composition for calves and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Premixed feed composition for calves and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN118000298A CN118000298A CN202410242764.5A CN202410242764A CN118000298A CN 118000298 A CN118000298 A CN 118000298A CN 202410242764 A CN202410242764 A CN 202410242764A CN 118000298 A CN118000298 A CN 118000298A
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Landscapes
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feeds, and provides a calf premix feed composition, a preparation method and application thereof. The calf premix feed comprises the following raw materials: fructus crataegi, oregano essential oil, egg yolk antibody, fumaric acid, compound mineral, glucose, mixed probiotics, antioxidant and carrier. The invention plays a synergistic effect through medicinal and edible ingredients of hawthorn, oregano essential oil, egg yolk antibody, fumaric acid, compound mineral substances, probiotics and the like, has balanced nutrition, is beneficial to digestion of calves, improves immunity and has excellent comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feeds, and provides a calf premix feed composition, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Calves usually refer to calves of 0-6 months of age, and the calves grow and develop most rapidly in this period, but in this period, the physiological structure of the calves is not fully developed, the rumen function is not perfect, the volume is smaller, and the intestinal digestion capacity is poorer. In addition, the autoimmune mechanism of the calves is not completely formed, so that the immunity is poor, the adaptability to the external environment is weak, various epidemic diseases are easy to infect, and the survival rate of the calves is affected. In addition, after the calves are born, the heat preservation function of the calves is weaker, and the calves are easily affected by external weather changes. The above factors affect the growth and development of calves.
The calves can obtain the protection of maternal antibodies after taking colostrum, and have certain resistance to most bacteria and viruses, but the antibody effect of the calves can fade with time, and if the feeding management of the cowshed is not in place, the disease risk of the calves can be greatly increased. In addition, the feed with lower quality and single nutrition structure can also cause the immunity of calves to be reduced, and if some of the green feed contains medicine residues, the cow can be affected, so that the growth and development of newborn calves are affected. In addition, antibiotics are commonly added into the existing calf feed to prevent calf diarrhea, and the problem of drug resistance is easily caused by abuse of the antibiotics. In addition, the newly-born calf grows rapidly and is vigorous, and the calf has high-strength activity, so that the nutrition in the calf body is consumed in a large amount, and along with the increase of the activity range, the requirements of the calf for various nutrition are also enlarged.
Therefore, the calves have special nutrition requirements, and in daily management, the nutrition requirements of the newborn calves are also fully considered, so that sufficient nutrition is provided for the calves, and nutrition, such as a sound feed structure, can be supplied for the calves in a manual mode. At present, the application of Chinese herbal medicines in livestock and poultry industry is more and more common, and the Chinese herbal medicines are safe in components, and have been widely proved to increase the immunity and disease resistance of livestock and poultry; the Chinese patent application CN106689660A discloses a formula of fattening feed for calves, wherein the raw materials comprise vitamins, rumen extract, cellulase, choline chloride, protease, methionine, lysine, microelements, antioxidants, calcium hydrophosphate, calcium carbonate, salt, traditional Chinese medicine extract, medical stone and organic rare earth; the Chinese medicinal extract is a mixture of extracts of coptis chinensis, scutellaria baicalensis, phellodendron amurense and dark plum. The feed obviously improves the carcass quality of livestock and poultry, improves the meat quality, has comprehensive nutrient substances to add nutrition, improves appetite, promotes growth, can obviously improve the immunity of calves and promote healthy growth of calves.
In addition, besides natural plant extracts, vitamins, trace elements, coarse food grain fibers, proteins, amino acids, starch and other components beneficial to the growth and development of calves are added into the existing feed to improve the immunity of the calves. The Chinese patent application CN111838418A discloses a calf feed, which comprises a cattle premix, corn germ meal, bean pulp, a corn dry full alcohol tank, wheat middling and bran, wherein the cattle premix comprises vitamin A acetate, vitamin D3, dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, glycine copper chelate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite and yeast selenium; effectively improves daily feed intake of calves on dry matters, improves daily gain, promotes early critical tissue development of calves, and reduces diarrhea rate of calves.
The calf feed popularized and used in the market at present has the common problems of insufficient nutrition, easy initiation of calf nutritional diarrhea, digestive system diseases, immunosuppression and the like, seriously influences the growth and development of calves, and also has adverse effects on the productivity of farms; therefore, the comprehensive nutrition intake of the calves in the lactation period is ensured, the growth and development of the calves are improved, and the realization of the feed utilization rate is still the key point of the current study.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a calf premix feed composition, a preparation method and application thereof. The medicinal and edible ingredients of hawthorn, oregano essential oil, egg yolk antibody, fumaric acid, compound mineral substances, probiotics and the like exert synergistic effect, so that the feed has balanced nutrition, is beneficial to digestion of calves, improves immunity and has excellent comprehensive performance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A calf premix feed composition, the calf premix feed composition comprising: fructus crataegi, oregano essential oil, egg yolk antibody, fumaric acid, compound mineral, glucose, mixed probiotics, antioxidant and carrier.
Further, the calf premix feed additive comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 2 percent of hawthorn, 0.5 to 2 percent of origanum essential oil, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of egg yolk antibody, 0.5 to 2 percent of fumaric acid, 50 to 60 percent of compound mineral, 5 to 10 percent of glucose, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of mixed probiotics, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of antioxidant and 30 to 40 percent of carrier.
Preferably, the hawthorn fruit is 0.5-1%, the oregano essential oil is 0.5-1%, the egg yolk antibody is 0.01-0.05%, the fumaric acid is 0.5-1%, the compound mineral is 50-50%, the glucose is 8-10%, the mixed probiotics is 0.01-0.1%, the antioxidant is 0.01-0.05% and the carrier is 30-35%.
More preferably, the calf premix feed additive comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1% of hawthorn, 1% of oregano essential oil, 0.05% of egg yolk antibody, 1.5% of fumaric acid, 55% of compound mineral substance, 8% of glucose, 0.04% of mixed probiotics, 0.01% of antioxidant and 33.4% of carrier.
Further, the composite mineral comprises: one or more of calcium, potassium, sodium and chlorine.
In some embodiments of the invention, the calcium is obtained by adding light calcium carbonate; the potassium is obtained by adding potassium chloride; the sodium is obtained by adding sodium chloride; the chlorine is obtained by adding potassium chloride and/or sodium chloride.
The mixed probiotics comprise: two or more of Bacillus paratlicheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis.
Further, the antioxidant includes: one or more of ethoxyquinoline, butyl hydroxy anisole, propyl gallate, tea polyphenols, vitamin E and sodium L-ascorbate.
Further, the carrier comprises: one or more of rice chaff powder, zeolite powder, bran and defatted rice bran.
In the mixed feed additive, the components have the following functions:
Modern pharmacological research results show that haw has the functions of lowering blood pressure, lowering sugar, regulating immunity, resisting oxidation, resisting bacteria, etc. The hawthorn contains various organic acids, can enhance gastric acidity after eating the hawthorn, improve pepsin activity, promote protein digestion, stimulate gastric mucosa and promote gastric secretion; in addition, the hawthorn also contains lipase which can promote the digestion of fat; the hawthorn contains vitamin C and other components, so that the addition of the hawthorn can promote appetite, effectively relieve calf diarrhea, improve calf immune function, and realize the effects of being safer and more environment-friendly and having milder effect.
The oregano essential oil has antibacterial and antioxidant properties, can effectively inhibit the growth of various bacteria and fungi, has anti-inflammatory effect, and is important for improving the immunity and health state of animals. Researches show that the origanum essential oil can enhance the immune system function of calves, improve the in vivo antibody level and enhance the resistance to diseases. In addition, the origanum essential oil can reduce inflammatory response of calves and promote wound healing.
The egg yolk antibody has a strong immune function, and the addition of the egg yolk antibody against intestinal pathogens in the feed can provide passive protection for animals, inhibit the adhesion proliferation of the pathogens in the intestinal tracts, neutralize toxins, regulate intestinal microecological balance, effectively reduce the damage of the pathogens to the animals, and also has a certain nutrition supplementing effect, so that the growth of the animals can be promoted. The addition of the food-grade sour agent fumaric acid is beneficial to regulating the pH value in animals, accelerating the activation of pepsin activity, thereby promoting the digestion and absorption of proteins, promoting the growth of livestock and poultry, improving the utilization rate of proteins and minerals in feed and improving the survival rate of livestock and poultry, and is a good growth promoting agent.
Minerals play a key role in the development of various immune organs and the immune function of the calf organism. The lack of minerals not only can cause dysfunction of the calf body, but also has great negative effect on the growth and development of the calf. Mineral elements in the rumen are mainly accumulated in cell walls and cells, and have important effects on sugar, protein, fat metabolism and vitamin synthesis, and are important for the growth and development of calves. The addition of potassium chloride, sodium chloride and other substances can supplement yin and yang ions for calves to adjust electrolyte balance, and relieve weaning stress and diarrhea of calves.
The probiotics serving as an active substance is widely applied to animal nutrition and feed, can improve the rumen microorganism system of calves, improve the diversity of rumen microorganisms, promote the development of rumen, improve the growth performance of calves in lactation, improve daily feed intake and feed conversion rate, and shorten the weaning day age. The mixed probiotics are added, so that the stability of the gastrointestinal tract environment of the calves can be maintained, the growth and development of the calves are promoted to be stable, the nutrient digestion and absorption are promoted, and the diarrhea is relieved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the calf premix feed composition, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Premixing: weighing the composite mineral substances according to the formula amount, putting the composite mineral substances into a mixing tank, and fully mixing;
(2) Total mixing: weighing fructus crataegi, oregano essential oil, egg yolk antibody, fumaric acid, glucose, mixed probiotics, antioxidant and carrier according to the formula, and placing into a mixing tank for fully mixing.
Further, in the step (1), the premixing time is 20-40min.
Further, in the step (2), the total mixing time is 20-40min.
The invention also provides an application of the calf premix feed composition prepared by any one of the above or the preparation method in livestock and poultry feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The calf premixed feed composition disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the medicinal and edible ingredient hawthorn and the food-grade sour agent fumaric acid are added, so that the calf diarrhea can be effectively relieved; the compound feed grade oregano essential oil and the egg yolk antibody are beneficial to improving the immunity of calves and promoting the growth and development; the compound feed additive is matched with mineral elements and mixed probiotics, has simple components and high effect, can play a synergistic effect, is beneficial to realizing balanced nutrition, promotes the growth and development of calves, and helps the healthy growth of calves;
(2) The calf premix feed composition has remarkable immunopotentiation effect, can improve various problems such as calf nutritional diarrhea, digestive system diseases and immunosuppression, effectively reduces the incidence rate of various epidemic diseases, and helps healthy growth of calves;
(3) Animal experiments prove that the mixed feed additive provided by the invention has obvious improvement effect, can improve the development speed of the whole growth period of calves, obviously improves daily gain of the calves, and improves economic benefit; and the raw materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, and the method is suitable for industrial production and large-scale popularization.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples will enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. The following is merely exemplary of the scope of the invention as claimed and many variations and modifications of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the disclosure, which are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed. Unless otherwise indicated, materials or reagents provided in the examples are all commonly commercially available products. The following is merely an exemplary illustration:
light calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride and glucose are all common commercial products of feed grade;
The hawthorn is hawthorn raw powder, and is purchased from Jinan group Living biotechnology Co., ltd;
oregano essential oil, feed grade, purchased from Shanghai Seiyan Toona Biotechnology Co., ltd;
The yolk antibody is special yolk globulin powder for K99 type livestock and poultry, and is purchased from You Likang (Jiangsu) biological medicine Co., ltd;
fumaric acid is food grade with purity of 99%, and is purchased from Nantong Runfeng petrochemical Co., ltd;
The basic ration feed comprises silage (the proportion is 36.78 percent, which is a feed-grade common commercial product), distillers' grains (the proportion is 34.22 percent, which is purchased from the department of agricultural products from the old river market), beef cattle concentrate supplement (the main raw materials comprise soybean and processed products thereof, cane molasses, natural minerals, amino acid salts and analogues thereof, vitamins and retinoids, minerals and complex (chelate) thereof, non-protein nitrogen and antioxidants, the proportion is 25.66 percent, which is purchased from Hubei Jin Chu pasture company, the proportion is 2.57 percent, which is a feed-grade common commercial product), baking soda (the proportion is 0.77 percent, which is a feed-grade common commercial product);
The probiotic lactase tablets were purchased from wuhan rose medical science and technology limited.
Example 1
A calf premix feed composition comprising: 334g of rice chaff powder, 80g of glucose, 200g of light calcium carbonate, 150g of potassium chloride, 200g of sodium chloride, 10g of hawthorn, 10g of origanum essential oil, 0.5g of egg yolk antibody, 15g of fumaric acid, 0.4g of mixed probiotics (comprising bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1) and 0.1g of antioxidant.
The preparation method of the calf premix feed composition comprises the following steps:
(1) Premixing: weighing minerals (calcium carbonate, potassium chloride and sodium chloride) with corresponding weight, putting into a mixing tank, and fully mixing for 30 minutes;
(2) Total mixing: after premixing, weighing hawthorn, oregano essential oil, egg yolk antibody, fumaric acid, glucose, mixed probiotics, antioxidant and carrier in corresponding weight, putting the materials into a mixing tank, and fully mixing for 30 minutes;
(3) And (3) packaging: and (5) sub-packaging after the total mixing is finished, and warehousing after the packaged products are inspected to be qualified.
Example 2
A calf premix feed composition comprising: 340g of rice chaff powder, 73.8g of glucose, 180g of light calcium carbonate, 160g of potassium chloride, 210g of sodium chloride, 8g of hawthorn, 12g of oregano essential oil, 1g of egg yolk antibody, 14g of fumaric acid, 1g of mixed probiotics (the bacillus licheniformis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to the mass ratio of 1:1) and 0.2g of antioxidant.
The preparation method of the calf premix feed composition comprises the following steps:
(1) Premixing: weighing minerals (calcium carbonate, potassium chloride and sodium chloride) with corresponding weight, putting into a mixing tank, and fully mixing for 20 minutes;
(2) Total mixing: after premixing, weighing hawthorn, oregano essential oil, egg yolk antibody, fumaric acid, glucose, mixed probiotics, antioxidant and carrier in corresponding weight, putting the materials into a mixing tank, and fully mixing for 40 minutes;
(3) And (3) packaging: and (5) sub-packaging after the total mixing is finished, and warehousing after the packaged products are inspected to be qualified.
Example 3
A calf premix feed composition comprising: 350g of rice chaff powder, 70g of glucose, 270g of light calcium carbonate, 272g of potassium chloride, 9g of hawthorn, 11g of oregano essential oil, 1.1g of egg yolk antibody, 16g of fumaric acid, 0.6g of mixed probiotics (comprising bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1:1) and 0.3g of antioxidant.
The preparation method of the calf premix feed composition comprises the following steps:
(1) Premixing: weighing minerals (calcium carbonate, potassium chloride and sodium chloride) with corresponding weight, putting into a mixing tank, and fully mixing for 40 minutes;
(2) Total mixing: after premixing, weighing hawthorn, oregano essential oil, egg yolk antibody, fumaric acid, glucose, mixed probiotics, antioxidant and carrier in corresponding weight, putting the materials into a mixing tank, and fully mixing for 20 minutes;
(3) And (3) packaging: and (5) sub-packaging after the total mixing is finished, and warehousing after the packaged products are inspected to be qualified.
Example 4
A calf premix feed composition comprising: 400g of rice chaff powder, 50g of glucose, 270g of potassium chloride, 272g of sodium chloride, 13g of hawthorn, 16g of oregano essential oil, 0.4g of egg yolk antibody, 10g of fumaric acid, 0.5g of mixed probiotics (bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1:1) and 0.1g of antioxidant.
The preparation method of the calf premix feed composition comprises the following steps:
(1) Premixing: weighing minerals (calcium carbonate, potassium chloride and sodium chloride) with corresponding weight, putting into a mixing tank, and fully mixing for 20 minutes;
(2) Total mixing: after premixing, weighing hawthorn, oregano essential oil, egg yolk antibody, fumaric acid, glucose, mixed probiotics, antioxidant and carrier in corresponding weight, putting the materials into a mixing tank, and fully mixing for 20 minutes;
(3) And (3) packaging: and (5) sub-packaging after the total mixing is finished, and warehousing after the packaged products are inspected to be qualified.
Comparative example 1
Compared with example 1, the only difference is that: the calf premixed feed comprises the following components: 334g of rice chaff powder, 80g of glucose, 200g of light calcium carbonate, 150g of potassium chloride, 200g of sodium chloride, 25g of hawthorn, 10g of origanum essential oil, 0.5g of egg yolk antibody, 0.4g of mixed probiotics and 0.1g of antioxidant.
Comparative example 2
Compared with example 1, the only difference is that: the calf premixed feed comprises the following components: 334g of rice chaff powder, 80g of glucose, 200g of light calcium carbonate, 150g of potassium chloride, 200g of sodium chloride, 10g of oregano essential oil, 0.5g of egg yolk antibody, 25g of fumaric acid, 0.4g of mixed probiotics and 0.1g of antioxidant.
Comparative example 3
Compared with example 1, the only difference is that: the calf premixed feed comprises the following components: 334g of rice chaff powder, 80g of glucose, 200g of light calcium carbonate, 150g of potassium chloride, 200g of sodium chloride, 10g of hawthorn, 10.5g of oregano essential oil, 15g of fumaric acid, 0.4g of mixed probiotics and 0.1g of antioxidant.
Comparative example 4
Compared with example 1, the only difference is that: the calf premixed feed comprises the following components: 334g of rice chaff powder, 80g of glucose, 200g of light calcium carbonate, 150g of potassium chloride, 200g of sodium chloride, 10g of hawthorn, 10.5g of egg yolk antibody, 15g of fumaric acid, 0.4g of mixed probiotics and 0.1g of antioxidant.
Comparative example 5
Compared with example 1, the only difference is that: the calf premixed feed comprises the following components: 334g of rice chaff powder, 80g of glucose, 200g of light calcium carbonate, 150g of potassium chloride, 200g of sodium chloride, 20g of hawthorn, 0.5g of egg yolk antibody, 15g of fumaric acid, 0.4g of mixed probiotics and 0.1g of antioxidant.
Comparative example 6
Compared with example 1, the only difference is that: the calf premixed feed comprises the following components: 334g of rice chaff powder, 80g of glucose, 200g of light calcium carbonate, 150g of potassium chloride, 200g of sodium chloride, 20g of oregano essential oil, 0.5g of egg yolk antibody, 15g of fumaric acid, 0.4g of mixed probiotics and 0.1g of antioxidant.
Comparative example 7
Compared with example 1, the only difference is that: the mixed probiotics were replaced with an equal amount of single bacillus licheniformis.
Comparative example 8
Compared with example 1, the only difference is that: the mixed probiotics were replaced with an equal amount of single bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Comparative example 9
Compared with example 1, the only difference is that: the mixed probiotics were replaced with an equal amount of single bacillus subtilis.
Test case
1. Experimental materials and methods
(1) Test time and place
Calf experiments were completed in 2023, 5-2023, 6 at Hebei Heshou farm animal Xingtai division.
(2) Test animals and groups
① 50 Holstein calves with consistent month age, no significant difference in weight and good health condition are selected and randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, and 10 test calves in each treatment group are respectively NC group (control group, healthy calves, basic ration feeding) and NM1-NM4 group (healthy calves, basic ration feeding+0.05% of the premix feed composition of example 1-example 4).
② Holstein calves with uniform month ages, no significant weight difference and diarrhea symptoms are selected and randomly divided into 12 treatment groups, wherein 10 test calves in each treatment group are respectively DIA groups (diarrhea calves, basic ration feeding), DM1-DM10 groups (diarrhea calves, basic ration feeding+0.05% of example 1 and comparative examples 1-9 of premixed feed composition respectively) and DC groups (diarrhea calves, basic ration feeding+0.05% of probiotics based on lactating tablets).
2. Sample collection and index determination
2.1 Growth Performance measurement
The actual feeding amount and the residual amount are recorded every day in the formal test period and used for calculating the dry matter feed intake (DMI) of each cow in the test period. And all test cattle were weighed using a wagon balance before the formal test 0, 30d morning feeds, and the Average Daily Gain (ADG) was calculated from 0-30 d.
2.2 Stool score and diarrhea Rate determination
Observing the fecal condition of calves every 1 day, scoring the calves according to the first agriculture and animal husbandry fecal scoring standard (see table 1) to obtain diarrhea when the score is less than or equal to 2, wherein the diarrhea rate is calculated according to the formula: diarrhea rate (%) = days of diarrhea per cow/test period x 100%.
TABLE 1 first agriculture and animal husbandry fecal scoring criteria
2.3 Serum sample collection and index determination
(1) Serum sample collection
On day 30 of the test period, 10mL (10 mL syringe) of blood sample was collected via the jugular vein, and the blood in the syringe was slowly injected at a constant rate into a 15mL centrifuge tube. After 30min of standing, centrifugation was performed at 4℃and 4000r/min for 10min, and after centrifugation was completed, the serum was transferred to two 1.5mL (or 5 mL) centrifuge tubes (one detection index, one laboratory retention) using a pipette, respectively, and frozen at 80 ℃.
(2) Immunoglobulin and inflammatory factor determination
The determination of the contents of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), bovine interleukin 4 (IL-4), bovine interleukin 6 (IL-6) and bovine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was performed using a kit, which was purchased from Whan enzyme Biotechnology Co., ltd.
(3) Antioxidant capacity assay
The index content of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSX-PX) in serum is determined by adopting an enzyme-labeled detector (SMR 60047 USCNK).
3. Test results
(1) The results of the effects of different treatments on average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of calves are shown in tables 2 and 3.
Table 2 effects of different treatments on average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of calves (n=10)
Remarks: * P < 0.05 compared to NC group, ** p < 0.01 compared to NC group.
Table 3 effects of different treatments on average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of calves (n=10)
Remarks: * P <0.05 compared to DIA group, ** < 0.01 compared to DIA group; # P <0.05 compared to DM1 group, ## compared to DM1 group, P < 0.01.
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain increased after the addition of the calf premix feed composition to the basal diet, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05); the premix feed compositions prepared in comparative examples 1-9 all had reduced average daily gain compared to the premix feed composition prepared in example 1, especially in the DM2, DM3, DM5 and DM7 groups, with very significant differences from the DM1 group (P < 0.01); after the pre-mixed feed composition of the invention was replaced by the probiotic lactase tablets, the average daily gain was reduced but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05).
(2) The results of the effect of different treatments on calf feces score and diarrhea rate are shown in tables 4 and 5.
Table 4 effect of different treatments on calf feces score and diarrhea rate (n=10)
Remarks: * P < 0.05 compared to NC group, P < 0.01 compared to NC group.
Table 5 effect of different treatments on calf feces score and diarrhea rate (n=10)
Remarks: ** P <0.05 compared to DIA group, ** < 0.01 compared to DIA group; # P <0.05 compared to DM1 group, ## compared to DM1 group, P < 0.01.
From tables 4 and 5, it can be seen that the addition of the calf premix feed composition to the basic ration can effectively improve the calf feces score and diarrhea rate. Stool scores were significantly higher for DM1 group than for DIA group (P < 0.01); and diarrhea rate was very significantly lower than in DIA group (P < 0.001). And the premix feed composition has an improved effect on diarrhea over the probiotic lactase tablets.
(3) The results of the effects of different treatments on calf serum immunoglobulins and inflammatory factors are shown in tables 6 and 7.
TABLE 6 influence of different additives on calf serum immunoglobulins and inflammatory factors (n=10)
Remarks are * for P < 0.05 compared to NC group and ** for P < 0.01 compared to NC group.
TABLE 7 influence of different additives on calf serum immunoglobulins and inflammatory factors (n=10)
Remarks: * P <0.05 compared to DIA group, ** < 0.01 compared to DIA group; # P <0.05 compared to DM1 group, ## compared to DM1 group, P < 0.01.
As can be seen from tables 6 and 7, serum immunoglobulins and inflammatory factors were increased to some extent but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05) after the calf premix feed composition was added to the basal diet as compared with the NC group; compared with the DIA group, igA, igG, IL-4 and TNF-alpha in serum of the DM1 group are obviously lower than those of the DIA group (P < 0.05) after the calf premix feed composition is added into the basic ration, and IL-6 is extremely lower than those of the DIA group (P < 0.01); compared with the DM1 group, the DM4 group and the DM5 group have obvious differences, which indicates that the origanum essential oil and the egg yolk antibody have more obvious effect on the immunity of diarrhea calves; in general, the premix feed composition improves the immunocompetence of diarrhea calves to some extent.
(4) The results of the effect of different treatments on the antioxidant capacity of calves are shown in tables 8 and 9.
Table 8 influence of different additives on the antioxidant capacity of calves (n=10)
Remarks: * P < 0.05 compared to NC group, ** compared to NC group, P < 0.01.
Table 9 influence of different additives on the antioxidant capacity of calves (n=10)
Remarks: * P <0.05 compared to DIA group, ** < 0.01 compared to DIA group; # P <0.05 compared to DM1 group, ## compared to DM1 group, P < 0.01.
As can be seen from tables 8 and 9, the antioxidant index was improved after each NM group was added with the calf premix feed composition in the basic ration, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05) as compared with NC group; compared with the DIA group, after the calf premix feed composition is added into the basic ration, the total antioxidant capacity of the serum of the DM1 group is obviously higher than that of the DIA group (P is less than 0.5), and the SOD in the serum is obviously lower than that of the DIA group (P is less than 0.05), so that the antioxidant capacity is obviously improved; when the probiotic lactase tablet is used to replace the premixed feed composition of the invention, the total antioxidant capacity is obviously reduced (P is less than 0.05), SOD is increased (P is more than 0.05), CAT and GSH-Px are obviously reduced (P is less than 0.05); the mixed additive improves the oxidation resistance of diarrhea calves to a certain extent.
In conclusion, 0.05% of the calf premix feed composition is added into the basic ration, so that the calf feces scoring and diarrhea rate can be effectively improved, the diarrhea calf immunity can be improved, and the diarrhea calf oxidation resistance can be improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the simple modification and equivalent substitution of the technical solution of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The calf premix feed composition is characterized in that the calf premix feed composition comprises the following raw materials: fructus crataegi, oregano essential oil, egg yolk antibody, fumaric acid, compound mineral, glucose, mixed probiotics, antioxidant and carrier.
2. The calf premix feed composition of claim 1, wherein the calf premix feed additive raw material composition comprises, in mass percent: 0.5 to 2 percent of hawthorn, 0.5 to 2 percent of origanum essential oil, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of egg yolk antibody, 0.5 to 2 percent of fumaric acid, 50 to 60 percent of compound mineral, 5 to 10 percent of glucose, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of mixed probiotics, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of antioxidant and 30 to 40 percent of carrier.
3. The calf premix feed composition of claim 1, wherein the calf premix feed additive raw material composition comprises, in mass percent: 0.5 to 1 percent of hawthorn, 0.5 to 1 percent of origanum essential oil, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of egg yolk antibody, 0.5 to 1 percent of fumaric acid, 50 to 55 percent of compound mineral, 8 to 10 percent of glucose, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of mixed probiotics, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of antioxidant and 30 to 35 percent of carrier.
4. The calf premix feed composition of claim 1, wherein the complex minerals comprise: one or more of calcium, potassium, sodium and chlorine.
5. The calf premix feed composition of claim 1, wherein the mixed probiotics comprise: two or more of Bacillus paratlicheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis.
6. The calf premix feed composition of claim 1, wherein the antioxidant comprises: one or more of ethoxyquinoline, butyl hydroxy anisole, propyl gallate, tea polyphenols, vitamin E and sodium L-ascorbate.
7. The calf premix feed composition of claim 1, wherein the carrier comprises: one or more of rice chaff powder, zeolite powder, bran and defatted rice bran.
8. Method for preparing a calf premix feed composition according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) Premixing: weighing the composite mineral substances according to the formula amount, putting the composite mineral substances into a mixing tank, and fully mixing;
(2) Total mixing: weighing fructus crataegi, oregano essential oil, egg yolk antibody, fumaric acid, glucose, mixed probiotics, antioxidant and carrier according to the formula, and placing into a mixing tank for fully mixing.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (1), the premixing time is 20 to 40min; in the step (2), the total mixing time is 20-40min.
10. Use of a calf premix feed composition according to any one of claims 1-7 or a calf premix feed composition prepared by a preparation method according to any one of claims 8-9 in livestock feed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410242764.5A CN118000298A (en) | 2024-03-04 | 2024-03-04 | Premixed feed composition for calves and preparation method and application thereof |
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