CN110613054A - Chinese herbal medicine additive for lactating sows and application thereof - Google Patents
Chinese herbal medicine additive for lactating sows and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicines, and particularly relates to a Chinese herbal medicine additive for lactating sows and application thereof. The Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-17 parts of phillygenin, 80-85 parts of phillyrin, 40-45 parts of phillyrin A and 15-20 parts of forsythiaside A. The Chinese herbal medicine additive can solve the problems that the sow in the prior sow breeding has poor immune function and can not effectively resist the stress caused by metabolism enhancement during pregnancy, parturition and lactation, so that the farrowing performance and the lactation capacity are reduced, is particularly suitable for the lactating sow (107 days of pregnancy to 21 days of lactation), and can improve the lactation performance, the oxidation resistance and the immune function; meanwhile, the growth and antioxidant immune functions of the piglets are improved, and a feasible scheme is provided for solving the key production problem of breeding sows in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicines, and particularly relates to a Chinese herbal medicine additive for lactating sows and application thereof.
Background
In China, the low number of weaned piglets born by sows every year is a bottleneck hindering the pig raising industry. The main reason for this is that sows have poor immune function and cannot effectively resist the stress caused by metabolic enhancement during pregnancy, parturition and lactation, resulting in reduced farrowing performance and lactation capacity (Agarwal et al, 2005; wodgetao et al, 2016). Another reason is the low survival rate of piglets: piglets experience various oxidative stresses from birth to weaning, and the immature immune system is difficult to effectively eliminate excessive free radicals, so that intestinal dysfunction is caused, nutrient absorption and utilization are influenced, and diarrhea, growth retardation and even death are caused (Hu et al 2013; Yin et al 2013). Therefore, the improvement of the anti-stress capability of the sows and the piglets is the key for promoting the development of the pig industry.
Passive immunization, which delivers maternal antibodies through colostrum, is the primary way to fight stress in newborn piglets and is also an important guarantee for the establishment of subsequent active immunization (Theil et al, 2014). Therefore, the health and the immune function of the sows in the gestation period and the lactation period are improved, the anti-stress capability of the sows can be improved, the reproductive performance is improved, the immunity of piglets can be enhanced through maternal transmission, and the growth of the piglets is promoted (Leonard et al, 2011; Xie et al, 2016).
In the traditional method, antibiotics are used as a growth promoter to improve the immune function of organisms and improve the health and growth performance of animals; however, long-term abuse of antibiotics causes a series of problems, such as bacterial resistance, antibiotic residues in animal products, endogenous infection, superinfection and the like, which seriously threaten the safety of human living environment and physical health (Barton, 2000; Phillips et al, 2004; Lusk et al, 2006). Therefore, the search for green, safe, efficient growth promoters to replace antibiotics has become a worldwide scientific problem (Thacker, 2013). In recent years, especially after the discovery of 'artemisinin treating malaria' in 2015 to obtain 'Nobel prize', Chinese herbal medicine extracts are widely concerned due to the characteristics of low toxicity, harmlessness, no residue and strong functionality.
The major active ingredient contained in forsythia suspense extract is forsythiaside, which is a kind of phenethyl alcohol substance existing in forsythia suspense fruits, and is also a very important natural active substance, and has antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects (Wang et al, 2008; wu guo, 2013). The active substance plays an important role in regulating animal body immunity, resisting stress, resisting oxidative damage and the like (Puxiangshu et al, 2012). Studies show that the fructus forsythiae extract participates in various physiological functions and metabolic processes of organisms, can promote the proliferation of small intestine epithelial cells, improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets, improve the oxidation resistance and immune function of the organisms and promote the intestinal health (Korea, 2012; ZHao et al, 2016).
At present, the published documents report that the feed of sows before pregnancy and after farrowing contains various plant extracts such as fructus forsythiae and the like to improve the immunity of the sows, such as CN109123139A and CN109329624A, but the feed has the following defects: 1) the evaluation index is single, the existing product containing ingredients added with fructus forsythiae focuses on evaluating the influence of the fructus forsythiae on a few indexes such as the conception rate, the reproductive performance, the oestrus interval and the death rate of piglets of sows, and the comprehensive evaluation of the indexes of the antioxidant and the immune function of the body of the lactating sows in the multi-stress states such as delivery, lactation and environment is ignored or lacked. 2) The existing product has too many kinds of components, so that the action mechanism is complex, and the production cost for achieving the same feeding effect is high.
In addition, CN201310362305.2 discloses a Chinese herbal medicine additive for improving the reproductive capacity of sows, which comprises 2-10 parts of motherwort, 2-10 parts of eucommia bark, 2-10 parts of epimedium and 1-5 parts of teasel roots. The result shows that under the condition of 200 pigs in a standardized mode, the additive can improve the conception rate of sows by 17%, the farrowing rate by 2.4% and reduce the death rate of piglets by 10%. The product focuses on conception and reproduction of sows and dead plates of piglets, neglects the body loss, backfat loss, feed intake, immune function and oxidation resistance of the sows in the lactation period, and ignores the critical problems of the growth condition and oxidation resistance of the piglets, and the like to be solved urgently in the production of the sows in China.
CN201510047128.8 discloses a sow feed for health care and lactation promotion, which contains 1-3 parts of Chinese herbal medicine additive (containing 2-18 parts of forsythia suspense); the feed can improve the average weight of weaned piglets and reduce the incidence of the piglets. But it contains many kinds of Chinese herbal medicines and focuses on the growth of piglets, neglecting the cost for achieving similar feeding effect and the influence on the performance of sows.
CN201710442446.3 discloses a feed additive for lactating sows and a preparation and use method thereof. The additive consists of 50 parts of antibacterial peptide, 50 parts of lactobacillus rhamnosus, 20 parts of glucose oxidase, 20 parts of catalase, 20 parts of peptide enzyme, 20 parts of epoxidizing reductase, 20 parts of phosphatase, 50 parts of calcareous montmorillonite, 15 parts of gypsum, 15 parts of anhydrous sodium sulphate, 20 parts of baking soda, 40 parts of motherwort, 10 parts of hawthorn, 20 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 10 parts of gardenia, 10 parts of fructus forsythiae and 10 parts of liquorice, and is added according to 2kg/t, so that the immunity and the feed intake of sows and the daily gain of piglets can be obviously improved; the feed additive is also a compound Chinese herbal medicine additive, has comprehensive evaluation on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth of piglets, but ignores the cost of the additive for achieving similar feeding effect.
CN201510046189.2 discloses a feed additive for reducing heat stress of lactating sows and a preparation and use method thereof, wherein the feed additive contains 4-16 parts of fructus forsythiae, can obviously reduce heat stress reaction of the sows, and improve the immune function of the sows, but neglects the cost of the product, the body loss, the back fat loss, the feed intake, the immune function and the antioxidant capacity of the sows in the lactation period, the growth condition of piglets, the antioxidant immune function and the like, and urgently waits for solving the production key problems of the sows in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a low-component Chinese herbal medicine additive for nursing sows. The Chinese herbal medicine additive has few components but remarkable effect, can effectively solve the problems that the sow in the prior sow breeding has poor immune function and can not effectively resist the stress caused by metabolism enhancement during pregnancy, parturition and lactation, so that the farrowing performance and the lactation capacity are reduced, and remarkably improves the reproductive performance, the antioxidant performance and the immune function of the lactating sow (107 days of pregnancy to 21 days of lactation); meanwhile, the growth and antioxidant immune functions of the piglets are improved, and a feasible scheme is provided for solving the key production problem of breeding sows in China.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-17 parts of phillygenin, 80-85 parts of phillyrin, 40-45 parts of phillyrin A and 15-20 parts of forsythiaside A.
The invention reasonably screens the Chinese herbal medicines and mixes the Chinese herbal medicines according to a specific dosage proportion to generate a synergistic effect among the components, and the Chinese herbal medicines can obviously improve the lactation performance, the oxidation resistance and the immune function of the lactating sows when being used in the feed for lactating sows.
Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine additive consists of the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of phillygenin, 82 parts of phillyrin, 41 parts of phillyrin A and 17 parts of forsythiaside A. The formula can further improve the lactation performance, the antioxidation and the immunity of the lactating sow.
The invention also provides the application of the Chinese herbal medicine additive in the feed of mammals. The mammals are lactating sows and piglets.
The application is particularly to continuously adding the feed to the lactating sow from 107 th day of pregnancy to 21 th day of lactation.
The invention also provides a feed for lactating sows, which contains the Chinese herbal medicine additive, wherein the addition amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additive is 15-18mg/kg of the feed, preferably 15-16mg/kg of the feed, and more preferably 15.62mg/kg of the feed.
The feed formula is as follows: 62.71 percent of corn, 23 percent of soybean meal, 8 percent of wheat bran, 3.2 percent of soybean oil, 0.80 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.15 percent of stone powder, 0.3 percent of salt, 0.08 percent of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.26 percent of L-valine and 0.50 percent of premix for nursing sows;
the lactating sow premix comprises the following specific formula: each kg of lactating sow premix contains: vitamin a, 12000 IU; vitamin D3, 2000 IU; vitamin E, 24 IU; vitamin K3, 2.0 mg; thiamine, 2.0 mg; riboflavin, 6.0 mg; pyridoxine, 4 mg; vitamin B12, 24 ng; nicotinic acid, 30 mg; pantothenic acid, 20 mg; folic acid, 3.6 mg; biotin, 0.4 mg; choline chloride, 0.4 mg; iron, 96 mg; copper, 8.0 mg; zinc, 120 mg; manganese, 40 mg; iodine, 0.56 mg; selenium, 0.4 mg.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive can obviously reduce the weight loss of the nursing sow, shorten the interval time from weaning to oestrus of the sow, obviously improve the total antioxidant capacity of the serum of the sow, the contents of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, reduce the content of propylene glycol and obviously increase the contents of milk fat, milk protein, lactose and IgA in the milk of the sow.
In addition, the Chinese herbal medicine additive can also obviously increase average daily gain of suckling piglets, serum IgG content, total oxidation resistance of serum and superoxide dismutase content, and reduce the propylene glycol content.
In conclusion, the forsythia suspense extract is added into the feed for the lactating sows at the later stage of pregnancy, so that the breast milk component can be obviously improved, the reproductive performance, the antioxidant and the immune function of the lactating sows are improved, and the interval from weaning to oestrus is obviously shortened, so that the growth performance, the antioxidant and the immune function of the suckling piglets are improved.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive is prepared by the following method:
(1) the preparation method of the forsythia suspense extract comprises the following steps: fructus forsythiae fruit is purchased from Beijing Hojingtang drugstore, the production place is Shaanxi, 100g fructus forsythiae dried fruit is taken, crushed into powder, the powder is treated with ultrasonic treatment for 1h by using 500mL ethanol (80 percent) in an ultrasonic cleaning machine (KQ5200DE, Kunshan ultrasonic instruments ltd., Kunshan, China), and the precipitation, filtration and extraction liquid collection are repeated for three times;
(2) the three extracts were mixed and evaporated using a rotary evaporator (Rotavapor R-124,company, switzerland), recovering the solvent to obtain an ethanol extract;
(3) subpackaging the extract into 100mL beakers, and freeze-drying in a freeze-drying machine (Genesis, Vhtis, USA) to obtain fructus forsythiae crude extract;
(4) mixing the crude extract with water, continuously extracting with dichloromethane for three times, performing rotary evaporation to recover the solvent, and drying overnight with a fume hood to obtain dichloromethane extract;
(5) separating by bioactivity tracking method to obtain 4 monomers, which are phillygenin, phillyrin A, forsythiaside A and phillyrin respectively;
(6) mixing the 4 monomers in proportion to obtain the product.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive can obviously reduce the weight loss of the nursing sow, shorten the interval time from weaning to oestrus of the sow, obviously improve the total antioxidant capacity of the serum of the sow, the contents of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, reduce the content of propylene glycol and obviously increase the contents of milk fat, milk protein, lactose and IgA in the milk of the sow. The product of the invention can also obviously increase average daily gain of suckling piglets, serum IgG content, total antioxidant capacity of serum, superoxide dismutase content and reduce propylene glycol content. In conclusion, the forsythia suspense extract is added into the feed for the lactating sows at the later stage of pregnancy, so that the breast milk component can be obviously improved, the reproductive performance, the antioxidant function and the immune function of the lactating sows are improved, and the interval from weaning to oestrus is obviously shortened, so that the growth performance, the antioxidant function and the immune function of the suckling piglets are improved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Selecting 24 pregnant sows to be born, selecting the long white x large white binary sows with similar gestation times and body conditions and good health conditions, randomly dividing the sows into 2 treatments, and repeating the treatments for 12 times, wherein each treatment comprises 1 pig.
The test starts from the sow at gestation period d 107 and ends at lactation period d 21.
The test ration is prepared according to NRC (2012) and Chinese pig feeding standard (2004), and the formula comprises: 62.71 percent of corn, 23 percent of soybean meal, 8 percent of wheat bran, 3.2 percent of soybean oil, 0.80 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.15 percent of stone powder, 0.3 percent of salt, 0.08 percent of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.26 percent of L-valine and 0.50 percent of lactating sow premix.
The formula of the lactating sow premix is as follows: each kg of lactating sow premix contains: vitamin a, 12000 IU; vitamin D3, 2000 IU; vitamin E, 24 IU; vitamin K3, 2.0 mg; thiamine, 2.0 mg; riboflavin, 6.0 mg; pyridoxine, 4 mg; vitamin B12, 24 ng; nicotinic acid, 30 mg; pantothenic acid, 20 mg; folic acid, 3.6 mg; biotin, 0.4 mg; choline chloride, 0.4 mg; iron, 96 mg; copper, 8.0 mg; zinc, 120 mg; manganese, 40 mg; iodine, 0.56 mg; selenium, 0.4 mg.
Control group: no Chinese herbal medicine additive is added.
Experimental groups: chinese herbal medicine additives are added into the feed according to the ratio of 15.62 mg/kg.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive formula comprises: 17mg of phillygenin, 82mg of phillyrin, 41mg of phillyrin A and 17mg of forsythiaside A.
The results of the study are as follows:
1. influence of Chinese herbal medicine additive on reproductive performance of lactating sow and growth of piglet
The effect of the herbal additive on the reproductive performance of lactating sows and the growth of piglets is shown in table 1.
In the aspect of sow growth, compared with a control group, the addition of the Chinese herbal medicine additive into the daily ration of the sow can increase the total feed intake by 4 percent and the average daily feed intake by 2 percent, and the weight loss of the sow from delivery to weaning is reduced from 23kg to 17kg (P < 0.01). The Chinese herbal medicine additive has no obvious influence on the loss of the back fat of the sow, but the research result shows that the interval time from the weaning to the oestrus of the sow can be shortened from 8 days to 6 days (P is less than 0.05).
In the aspect of piglet growth, compared with a control group, the addition of the Chinese herbal medicine additive into the sow daily ration has the tendency of increasing the weaning weight of piglets (P is 0.10), and can obviously improve the average daily gain of piglets d 14-21 (P is less than 0.05). The Chinese herbal medicine additive can also increase the average daily gain of the piglets d 0-21 from 216g to 238g (the daily gain is increased by 22g/d), and obviously increase the average daily gain of the piglets d 7-21 (P is less than 0.05).
2. Influence of Chinese herbal medicine additive on milk convention and immunoglobulin of lactating sow
The effect of the herbal additive on the milk immunoglobulin of the lactating sow on the milk routine and the milk is shown in tables 2 and 3. Compared with the control group, the addition of the Chinese herbal medicine additive into the sow ration can obviously increase the milk fat content (P is less than 0.05) of the sow milk d 7 and d 14, and can also greatly increase the milk protein content (P is less than 0.01) of the sow milk d 14. Compared with the control group, the milk fat content in the colostrum of the sow of the test group is increased by 19 percent, the lactose content is increased by 8 percent, and the milk fat, milk protein and lactose content in the d 21 milk of the sow of the test group are respectively increased by 3 percent, 4 percent and 4 percent. The Chinese herbal medicine additive can obviously improve the content of IgM in d 21 milk of the lactating sow (P is less than 0.05).
3. Influence of Chinese herbal medicine additive on serum immunoglobulin and antioxidant capacity of lactating sow
The effect of the herbal additive on serum immunoglobulins and antioxidant capacity of lactating sows is shown in table 4. Compared with a control group, after the lactating sow is fed with the daily ration containing the Chinese herbal medicine additive for 7 days, the contents of IgG, IgA and IgM in serum are respectively improved by 25%, 7% and 10% during delivery, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and Catalase (CAT) in the serum are obviously increased (P is less than 0.05), and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) tends to increase (P is 0.06). After delivery, the sow is fed with daily ration containing Chinese herbal medicine additives for 21d until weaning, the IgG, IgA and IgM contents in the serum of the sow are respectively improved by 4%, 1% and 14%, the contents of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), T-AOC and CAT are obviously increased (P is less than 0.05), the content of GSH-PX is increased (P is 0.07), and the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) is reduced by 15%.
4. Influence of Chinese herbal medicine additive on oxidation resistance of suckling piglet serum
The effect of the herbal additive on the antioxidant capacity of the serum of the suckling piglets is shown in table 5. Compared with the control group, after 7 days of daily ration containing Chinese herbal medicine additives is fed to the lactating sows, the T-SOD in the serum of the piglets is obviously increased (P is less than 0.05) during delivery, the CAT is increased (P is 0.10), and the MDA content is extremely obviously reduced (P is less than 0.01). After delivery, the sow is fed with daily ration containing Chinese herbal medicine additive for 21d until weaning, the d 7 serum T-SOD and T-AOC content of the piglet is obviously increased (P is less than 0.05), and the MDA content is greatly reduced (P is less than 0.01). T-SOD and CAT levels in the serum of the suckling piglet d 14 are remarkably increased (P is less than 0.01), T-AOC and GSH-PX have a tendency to be increased (P is 0.08), and the content of MDA is remarkably reduced (P is less than 0.05). When piglets are weaned, the T-AOC level in serum is remarkably increased (P is less than 0.01), and GSH-PX (P is 0.06) and T-SOD (P is 0.10) tend to be increased. CAT levels increased 22% and MDA levels decreased 13%.
In conclusion, the Chinese herbal medicine additive can be added into the feed for the lactating sows at the later stage of pregnancy to obviously improve the breast milk components, improve the reproductive performance, the antioxidant and the immune functions of the lactating sows and obviously shorten the interval from weaning to oestrus, thereby improving the growth performance, the antioxidant and the immune functions of the suckling piglets.
TABLE 1 influence of Chinese herbal extracts on reproductive performance of lactating sows and growth of piglets
Note: SEM is the standard error of the mean. N-12. Note: SEM means standard error of the mean.n ═ 12.
TABLE 2 Effect of Chinese herbal medicine additives on milk fat, milk protein and lactose (%)
Note: SEM indicates standard error of mean. N-12.
Note:SEM means standard error of the mean.N＝12.
TABLE 3 influence of Chinese herbal medicine additives on the immunoglobulin of breast milk of lactating sows
Note: SEM indicates standard error of mean. N-12.
Note:SEM means standard error of the mean.N＝12.
TABLE 4 Effect of herbal extracts on the antioxidant capacity of lactating sows serum
Note: SEM indicates standard error of mean. N-12. Note: SEM means standard error of the mean.n ═ 12.
T-SOD: superoxide dismutase; T-AOC: total antioxidant capacity; GSH-Px: glutathione peroxidase; CAT: a catalase;
MDA: malondialdehyde.
TABLE 5 Effect of herbal extracts on antioxidant capacity of suckling piglets
Note: SEM indicates standard error of mean. N-12.
Note:SEM means standard error of the mean.N＝12.
T-SOD: superoxide dismutase; T-AOC: total antioxidant capacity; GSH-Px: glutathione peroxidase; CAT: a catalase; MDA: malondialdehyde.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. The Chinese herbal medicine additive is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 15-17 parts of phillygenin, 80-85 parts of phillyrin, 40-45 parts of phillyrin A and 15-20 parts of forsythiaside A.
2. The Chinese herbal medicine additive as claimed in claim 1, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of phillygenin, 82 parts of phillyrin, 41 parts of phillyrin A and 17 parts of forsythiaside A.
3. Use of the herbal supplement of claim 1 or 2 in feed for mammals.
4. The use of claim 3, wherein the mammal is a lactating sow.
5. The use as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the herbal supplement is added to the feed continuously from day 107 of gestation in the lactating sow to day 21 of lactation.
6. A feed for lactating sows, comprising the Chinese herbal medicine additive as claimed in claim 1 or 2.
7. The feed as claimed in claim 6, wherein the amount of said herbal additive is 15-18mg/kg feed, preferably 15-16mg/kg feed.
8. The feed according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the feed formulation is as follows: 62.71 percent of corn, 23 percent of soybean meal, 8 percent of wheat bran, 3.2 percent of soybean oil, 0.80 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.15 percent of stone powder, 0.3 percent of salt, 0.08 percent of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.26 percent of L-valine and 0.50 percent of premix for nursing sows;
the formula of the premix for the lactating sows is as follows: each kg of lactating sow premix contains: vitamin a, 12000 IU; vitamin D3, 2000 IU; vitamin E, 24 IU; vitamin K3, 2.0 mg; thiamine, 2.0 mg; riboflavin, 6.0 mg; pyridoxine, 4 mg; vitamin B12, 24 ng; nicotinic acid, 30 mg; pantothenic acid, 20 mg; folic acid, 3.6 mg; biotin, 0.4 mg; choline chloride, 0.4 mg; iron, 96 mg; copper, 8.0 mg; zinc, 120 mg; manganese, 40 mg; iodine, 0.56 mg; selenium, 0.4 mg.
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