CN117984623A - 一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡 - Google Patents
一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于防火隔热技术领域，具体涉及一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，由A组分和B组分组成，且A组分压延在由B组分制备的片材的表面；所述A组分为具有在超过设定温度下的可陶瓷特性，所述B组分为防火材料；其中A组分由15‑30份的胶黏剂、10‑20份的无机纤维、20‑40份的可陶瓷化填充料及3‑10份的气凝胶粉体或颗粒组成。本技术方案的产品提升了动力电池系统和储能系统的热安全防护材料性能；克服现有气凝胶和超级棉材料需要封装，耐火焰冲击性能较弱的问题，同时一并解决高温隔热性能差、易破碎等性能缺陷。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于防火隔热技术领域，属于新能源汽车、储能、防隔热材料、复合材料、电芯间防火、防火材料等技术领域，具体涉及一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡。
背景技术
目前，以锂电池为代表的动力电池系统和其它形式的分布式储能系统已经在全球拥有了超过100GWh的装机量。与此同时，由锂电池所带来的热失控风险，也因为应用规模的扩大而增长，近年来电池相关的火灾事件发生得越来越频繁。
在当前的技术条件下，储能系统的防火隔热主要是通过使用气凝胶和超级棉等材料进行防护。这些材料一个共同的特点就是本身的结构强度不高，在后续的使用中，需要进行封装，大大增加了材料和零件的制造成本，同时受到国外技术的制约。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，以解决现有新能源锂电池防隔热材性能的不足，使得复杂结构实现更容易，从而降低成本，提高热防护方案的性价比。
为实现上述目的，本申请是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，由A组分和B组分组成，且A组分压延在由B组分制备的片材的表面；所述A组分为具有在超过设定温度下的可陶瓷特性，所述B组分为防火材料。
优选的，所述A组分压延在B组分的全部外表面。
优选的，A组分按重量份由以下组分组成：
胶黏剂 15-30份；
无机纤维 10-20份；
可陶瓷化填充料 20-40份；
气凝胶粉体或颗粒 3-10份。
优选的，胶黏剂为硅凝胶、聚乙烯醇或丙烯酸胶黏剂中的一种。
优选的，无机纤维为可溶性铝酸酸盐纤维、玄武岩纤维或者碳纤维。
优选的，可陶瓷化填充料为氧化硅或凹凸棒土，若同时使用时，两者的重量比为1：1-3：1。
优选的，气凝胶粉体或颗粒为气相二氧化硅或气相二氧化铝。
优选的，防火材料为云母纸、高硅氧布或可陶瓷化硅胶布。
优选的，在常态低于200℃工作温度时有着良好的隔热性能和一定的压缩比，在被加热超过500-600℃时，受热位置会发生陶瓷化反应，在保持原有隔热性能以外，过热部分生成琉璃状的准陶瓷化混合物，并且在发生陶瓷化反应时，不产生明显的裂纹和体积变化。
优选的，制备方法采用如下步骤：
1)、在研磨机中，将无机纤维加到胶黏剂中，研磨和混合均匀，制成浆料；
2)、在搅拌机中，向浆料中加入可陶瓷化填充料和气凝胶粉体或颗粒，并搅拌均匀形成混合料；
3)将混合料在压延线上复合到防火材料制备的片材上；
4)通过分切得到产品毛坯，再对产品毛坯经过机加工封边后得到目标产品。
本发明的有益效果是：
本技术方案的产品提升了动力电池系统和储能系统的热安全防护材料性能；克服现有气凝胶和超级棉材料需要封装，耐火焰冲击性能较弱的问题，同时一并解决高温隔热性能差、易破碎等性能缺陷。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细的说明，以下的实施例仅是示例性的，仅能用来解释和说明本发明的技术方案，而不能解释为是对本发明技术方案的限制。
本技术方案提出一种使用胶黏材料与短切纤维、气凝胶粉体或颗粒、可陶瓷化填料共混后再与耐火材料复合，来取代现有的气凝胶和超级棉等热失控防护材料，大大降低生产成本。
本技术方案的材料特点之一是针对锂电池系统热失控的温度特点，使材料的复合加工工作温度在120℃到180℃的温度区间。在正常的电池工作状态下，本发明的材料不会发生软化而失去机械强度。而在发生热失控的情况下，本发明的材料在500℃范围即可发生陶瓷化发应，变成坚韧的陶瓷化材料。即：在现有的锂电池热失控场景下，本材料可以一直具有足够的机械性能与防护能力。
本技术方案公开了一种热塑性可陶瓷化防火垫及其制作方法，包括产品结构、原材料的处理以及产品制造方法。本发明的目的是解决现有新能源锂电池防隔热材性能的不足，使得复杂结构实现更容易，从而降低成本，提高热防护方案的性价比。
本技术通过在胶黏剂中加入无机纤维、气凝胶粉体或颗粒和可陶瓷化填料，再在产品两侧复核防火材料，使得材料具有优良的隔温性和耐受高温火焰冲击的能力。
本申请提供一种柔性无机材料气凝胶粉体复合隔热毡，由A组分和B组分组成，且A组分压延在由B组分制备的片材的表面；所述A组分为具有在超过设定温度下的可陶瓷特性，所述B组分为防火材料。具体的，A组分压延在B组分制备的片材的一个表面、两个表面或所有表面，具体情况根据实际需要确定。
在本申请的技术方案中，关于无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡的制备方法的各步骤均相同，区别之处仅是不同实施例中各组分的用量不同，因此，在本申请的以下各实施例中，除实施例1外，其余的实施例的制备方法均不进行重复，参照实施例的制备方法即可。
制备方法采用如下步骤：
1)、在研磨机中，将无机纤维加到胶黏剂中，研磨和混合均匀，制成浆料；
2)、在搅拌机中，向浆料中加入可陶瓷化填充料和气凝胶粉体或颗粒，并搅拌均匀形成混合料；
3)将混合料在压延线上复合到防火材料制备的片材上；
4)通过分切得到产品毛坯，再对产品毛坯经过机加工封边后得到目标产品。
实施例1
一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，由15份聚乙烯醇、10份可溶性铝酸盐纤维、20份可陶瓷化填充料及3份气相二氧化硅组成A组分，具体的制备方法为：
1)在研磨机中，将可溶性铝酸盐加入到聚乙烯醇中，研磨和混合均匀，制成浆料。
2)在搅拌机中，向浆料中加入氧化硅和气相二氧化硅，并搅拌均匀形成混合料。
3)将混合料在压延线上复合到云母纸上。
4)通过分切得到产品毛坯，再对产品毛坯经过机加工封边后得到目标产品。
实施例2
一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，由30份聚乙烯醇、20份可溶性铝酸盐纤维、40份可陶瓷化填充料及10份气相二氧化硅组成A组分，具体的制备方法为：
1)在研磨机中，将可溶性铝酸盐加入到聚乙烯醇中，研磨和混合均匀，制成浆料。
2)在搅拌机中，向浆料中加入氧化硅和气相二氧化硅，并搅拌均匀形成混合料。
3)将混合料在压延线上复合到云母纸上。
4)通过分切得到产品毛坯，再对产品毛坯经过机加工封边后得到目标产品。
实施例3
一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，由22份聚乙烯醇、14份可溶性铝酸盐纤维、30份可陶瓷化填充料及8份气相二氧化硅组成A组分，具体的制备方法为：
1)在研磨机中，将可溶性铝酸盐加入到聚乙烯醇中，研磨和混合均匀，制成浆料。
2)在搅拌机中，向浆料中加入凹凸棒土和气相二氧化硅，并搅拌均匀形成混合料。
3)将混合料在压延线上复合到云母纸上。
4)通过分切得到产品毛坯，再对产品毛坯经过机加工封边后得到目标产品。
实施例4
一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，由20份硅凝胶、13份碳纤维、25份可陶瓷化填充料及5份气相二氧化铝组成A组分，具体的制备方法为：
1)在研磨机中，将碳纤维加入到硅凝胶中，研磨和混合均匀，制成浆料。
2)在搅拌机中，向浆料中加入氧化硅与凹凸棒土按1：1重量比混合而成的可陶瓷化填充料和气相二氧化铝，并搅拌均匀形成混合料。
3)将混合料在压延线上复合到可陶瓷化硅胶布上。
4)通过分切得到产品毛坯，再对产品毛坯经过机加工封边后得到目标产品。
实施例5
一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，由33份硅凝胶、18份碳纤维、33份可陶瓷化填充料及7份气相二氧化铝组成A组分，具体的制备方法为：
1)在研磨机中，将碳纤维加入到硅凝胶中，研磨和混合均匀，制成浆料。
2)在搅拌机中，向浆料中加入氧化硅与凹凸棒土按3：1重量比混合而成的可陶瓷化填充料和气相二氧化铝，并搅拌均匀形成混合料。
3)将混合料在压延线上复合到可陶瓷化硅胶布上。
4)通过分切得到产品毛坯，再对产品毛坯经过机加工封边后得到目标产品。
实施例6
一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，由24份丙烯酸胶黏剂、17份玄武岩纤维、30份可陶瓷化填充料及6份气相二氧化硅组成A组分，具体的制备方法为：
1)在研磨机中，将玄武岩纤维加入到丙烯酸胶黏剂中，研磨和混合均匀，制成浆料。
2)在搅拌机中，向浆料中加入氧化硅与凹凸棒土按2：1重量比混合而成的可陶瓷化填充料和气相二氧化硅，并搅拌均匀形成混合料。
3)将混合料在压延线上复合到可陶瓷化硅胶布上。
4)通过分切得到产品毛坯，再对产品毛坯经过机加工封边后得到目标产品。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变形，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，其特征在于，由A组分和B组分组成，且A组分压延在由B组分制备的片材的表面；所述A组分为具有在超过设定温度下的可陶瓷特性，所述B组分为防火材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，其特征在于，所述A组分压延在B组分的全部外表面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，其特征在于，A组分按重量份由以下组分组成：
4.根据权利要求3所述的柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，其特征在于，胶黏剂为硅凝胶、聚乙烯醇或丙烯酸胶黏剂中的一种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，其特征在于，无机纤维为可溶性铝酸酸盐纤维、玄武岩纤维或者碳纤维。
6.根据权利要求3所述的柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，其特征在于，所述可陶瓷化填充料为氧化硅或凹凸棒土。
7.根据权利要求3所述的柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，其特征在于，气凝胶粉体或颗粒为气相二氧化硅或气相二氧化铝。
8.根据权利要求1所述的柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，其特征在于，防火材料为云母纸、高硅氧布或可陶瓷化硅胶布。
9.根据权利要求1所述的柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，其特征在于，在常态低于200℃工作温度时有着良好的隔热性能和一定的压缩比，在被加热超过500-600℃时，受热位置会发生陶瓷化反应，在保持原有隔热性能以外，过热部分生成琉璃状的准陶瓷化混合物，并且在发生陶瓷化反应时，不产生明显的裂纹和体积变化。
10.根据权利要求1所述的柔性无机材料气凝胶复合隔热毡，其特征在于，制备方法采用如下步骤：
1)在研磨机中，将无机纤维加到胶黏剂中，研磨和混合均匀，制成浆料；
2)在搅拌机中，向浆料中加入可陶瓷化填充料和气凝胶粉体或颗粒，并搅拌均匀形成混合料；
3)将混合料在压延线上复合到防火材料制备的片材上；
4)通过分切得到产品毛坯，再对产品毛坯经过机加工封边后得到目标产品。
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| EP0081825A1 (de) * | 1981-12-10 | 1983-06-22 | Micropore International Limited | Durch Pressen verdichteter Wärmedämmkörper aus einem hochdispersen Dämmaterial, sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| CN114197219A (zh) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-18 | 上海交通大学 | 一种复合式锂电池防火材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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