CN117982527A - 半夏多糖在制备缓解特应性皮炎药物中的应用 - Google Patents
半夏多糖在制备缓解特应性皮炎药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药新用途技术领域,具体公开了半夏多糖(PTP)在制备缓解特应性皮炎药物中的应用。本发明的PTP为纯中药提取物,提取方式简单无毒、得率高、有效成分高;具有较好的治疗和缓解特应性皮炎的作用,作用于降低血清IgE水平,降低TSLP、IFN‑γ、IL‑4的蛋白表达水平,抑制IFN‑γ、IL‑4、TSLP、TNF‑α、MDC及TARC的mRNA表达水平;无细胞毒作用,对机体无明显的副作用,未导致各器官出现明显的炎症和损伤;且起效剂量小,使用方便,适用范围广,疗效确切,安全可靠,无赖药性,无副作用,能起到标本兼治的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药新用途技术领域,具体涉及半夏多糖在制备缓解特应性皮炎药物中的应用。
背景技术
特应性皮炎(Atopic dermatitis,AD)是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病,通常表现为皮肤强烈瘙痒、泛红,且容易复发。此病不仅对患者的身体健康造成影响,还可能对其心理健康产生负面影响。
现有治疗AD的方法可分为局部治疗和全身治疗两类。局部治疗包括外用激素类药物、免疫抑制剂和抗生素类药物。目前广泛使用的糖皮质激素类药物在迅速缓解皮炎引起的瘙痒和红肿方面效果显著,但其长期使用可能导致不良反应,包括皮肤色素沉着、皮肤变薄和免疫系统抑制,从而增加感染和疾病风险。相较之下,免疫抑制剂如钙调素抑制剂具有强大的抗炎活性,且不引起皮肤萎缩,但需要复杂的剂量监测和控制。抗生素类药物的过度使用可能导致耐药性和破坏菌群平衡,进而降低免疫力。全身治疗主要采用光疗方法,包括窄谱中波紫外线(NB-UVB)光疗和长波紫外线(UVA-1)光疗。NB-UVB通过减少促炎细胞因子的生成来发挥抗炎作用,但长期使用可能增加患光化性角化病的风险。UVA-1通过多途径产生抗炎活性,但可能引发急性不良反应,如皮肤色素沉着和红斑,甚至慢性反应,如光致癌。
全球AD患者数量持续增加,尽管AD已被广泛研究,但目前仍未有根治特应性皮炎的药物,且其发病机制尚未完全阐明,其中可能涉及免疫系统信号失衡、遗传因素、皮肤功能障碍、心理状态等多种因素。因此,AD相关治疗药物的开发及作用机制探究对于AD的治疗及改善患者生活质量具有重要意义。
半夏是天南星科植物半夏(Pinelliaternata(Thunb.)Breit.)的块茎,作为我国传统中药之一,首载于《神农本草经》,拥有几千年的临床用药实践,其性温、味辛、有小毒,具有燥湿化痰、降逆止呕、消痞散结的功效。半夏主产于我国中南部地区,如四川、湖北及安徽等地,其化学成分复杂,包括生物碱类、有机酸类、挥发油类、蛋白类、黄酮类、甾醇类、氨基酸类以及丰富的无机元素和多糖等。其中多糖是半夏重要的活性成分,是其发挥功效的物质基础之一。
多糖也称多聚糖,是一种天然的高分子聚合物,通常由10个以上的单糖通过糖苷键连接而成。多糖在动植物及微生物中广泛存在,根据来源不同,多糖可分为动物多糖、植物多糖、藻类多糖、细菌多糖以及真菌多糖五大类。不同生物来源的多糖的合成受到许多外界因素的影响,致使其结构复杂多样,体现在单糖组成、构型、分子量、支化程度和链构象等方面的差异。同时多糖的生物活性也非常丰富,如抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、免疫调节活性等。随着现代医学技术的不断发展,活性较强且安全性较高的中药材多糖的研究开发受到了越来越多的重视。
国内关于半夏多糖在免疫调节方面的研究相对较少,尤其是在治疗AD方面尚未有相关研究。因此,深入探究半夏多糖对AD的治疗效果以及其作用机制显得十分必要。
现有技术中尚未见相关报道,本申请将填补这一空白。
发明内容
本发明旨在针对目前尚不明确且难以根治的特应性皮炎(AD)发病机制,以及为规避常用糖皮质激素类药物引发多种不良反应的问题。我们旨在深入研究半夏多糖在治疗AD方面的效果和作用机制,为寻找新型治疗AD的候选药物提供科学依据。
为此,本发明提供了半夏多糖在制备缓解特应性皮炎药物中的应用。
所述半夏多糖(PTP)为法半夏和/或生半夏等半夏炮制品的提取物、粉末状;
所述半夏多糖粉末的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将法半夏和/或生半夏等半夏炮制品清洗、干燥后,用粉碎机粉碎,粉碎后过60目筛,得到半夏粉末;称取半夏粉末80g-100g,加入无水乙醇回流1h,半夏粉末和无水乙醇比例为100g:(650-800)mL,抽滤得沉淀,弃去上清液,重复三次,三次乙醇回流后所得沉淀即为脱脂半夏粉末;向所得的脱脂半夏粉末加入蒸馏水后放置于85℃-95℃水浴锅中,回流1h,用纱布过滤得上清液,弃去沉淀,重复3-5次将上清液合即得到初步提取的多糖溶液;将初步提取的多糖溶液放置于4℃冰箱静置10h-14h后,边搅拌边加入无水乙醇,在4℃的低温静置10h-14h后,7500rpm离心15min,收集沉淀,弃去上清液,得到粗多糖沉淀;加入蒸馏水溶解沉淀,使用6M盐酸调节溶液pH至2,在4℃静置10h-14h,得到粗多糖溶液;以7500rpm将粗多糖溶液离心10min-15min,收集上清液,将沉淀弃去,使用6M NaOH溶液调节溶液pH至7,边搅拌边加入95%乙醇使其中的乙醇浓度达到60%,在4℃静置10h-14h,离心收集沉淀,得到湿多糖沉淀,将湿多糖沉淀于冷冻真空烘箱中干燥,即得半夏多糖的粗多糖粉末于干燥器中常温保存。
本申请文件中,乙醇浓度中的百分比均为体积百分比。
具体实验操作、结果记录及结论分析见具体实施方式。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和有益效果在于:
本发明采用的半夏多糖展现出对特应性皮炎(AD)的显著治疗效果。小鼠耳部皮损程度测定的结果显示,半夏多糖能够显著缓解小鼠耳部的红斑、水肿、粗糙和变硬等炎症症状,降低小鼠耳部皮炎评分。进一步通过H&E染色和TB染色结果观察,半夏多糖降低了小鼠耳部皮肤表皮的厚度,并对皮肤炎症区的肥大细胞浸润产生抑制作用。通过小鼠血清ELISA、IHC染色和RT-qPCR结果的综合分析,半夏多糖高剂量组(BH)能够显著降低血清的IgE水平,同时降低TSLP、IFN-γ和IL-4的蛋白表达水平。此外,半夏多糖还能抑制小鼠的IFN-γ、IL-4、TSLP、TNF-α、MDC和TARC的mRNA表达水平。以上一系列结果表明,半夏多糖通过降低Th2炎症因子的表达,有效缓解了炎症。小鼠的心肝脾肺肾H&E切片染色结果分析显示,半夏多糖在治疗AD的同时对机体没有明显的副作用,未导致各器官出现明显的炎症和损伤。因此有望成为安全的治疗AD的药物。
半夏多糖在治疗AD方面表现出显著的疗效,其治疗效果在一定程度上具有浓度依赖性。在AD的发病机制中,免疫调节功能被破坏导致机体Th1/Th2失衡,Th2型细胞因子诱导B淋巴细胞发生免疫球蛋白类别转换,促进IgE合成增加。半夏多糖通过抑制Th2细胞因子的异常升高,显著降低血清中IgE的含量,发挥抗炎作用并调节免疫平衡。此外,半夏多糖具有良好的生物安全性,对机体无明显副作用。半夏多糖展现出良好的抗炎以及免疫调节活性,有望成为AD治疗药物,为半夏多糖作为抗炎和免疫佐剂在治疗AD的临床应用提供理论依据。
以下申请人将结合附图对本发明做进一步详细说明。
附图说明
图1是实施例2中半夏多糖的提取工艺流程图;
图2是半夏多糖酸水解联合衍生化后HPLC图谱;
图3是中小鼠左耳部皮肤炎症表现及评价结果图;
其中,(A)实验最后一天各组小鼠耳部皮肤照片;(B)各组小鼠耳部皮肤厚度;(C)各组小鼠耳部皮肤炎症评分。数据表示为均数±标准差(Mean±SD,n=6)。与N组比较,###p<0.001,与M组比较,***p<0.001。
图4是小鼠血清IgE水平检测结果图;
数据表示为均数±标准差(Mean±SD,n=3)。与N组比较,###p<0.001,与M组比较,***p<0.001,**p<0.01。
图5是小鼠左耳部皮肤组织学指标的检测结果图;
其中,(A)各组小鼠耳部皮肤的H&E染色(比例尺=100μm);(B)各组小鼠耳部皮肤TB染色(比例尺=100μm);(C)各组小鼠耳部皮肤表皮厚度(绿色剪头);(D)各组小鼠耳部皮肤肥大细胞计数(红色箭头)。数据表示为均数±标准差(Mean±SD,n=3)。与N组比较,###p<0.001,与M组比较,***p<0.001,**p<0.01。
图6是小鼠左耳部皮肤组织免疫组化染色检测结果图;
其中,(A)各组小鼠耳部皮肤的免疫组化染色TSLP、IFN-γ、IL-4的表达代表性图片(比例尺=50μm);(B)平均光密度分析;数据表示为均数±标准差(Mean±SD,n=3)。数据表示为均数±标准差(Mean±SD,n=3)。与N组比较,###p<0.001,与M组比较,***p<0.001,**p<0.01。
图7是小鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾H&E染色代表图(比例尺=100μm)。
图8是小鼠耳部组织qPCR结果图;
数据表示为均数±标准差(Mean±SD,n=3)。与N组比较,###p<0.001,与M组比较,***p<0.001。
具体实施方式
下面,申请人将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:半夏多糖的制备方法:材料和仪器
1.药材
法半夏,由潜半夏药业股份有限公司提供,用于提取半夏多糖(Pinellia TuberPolysaccharides)简称PTP。
2.试剂
卡泊三醇(MC903)购于上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;地塞米松乳膏(DEX)购于三九医药;无水乙醇购于国药集团化学试剂有限公司;二甲亚砜购于国药集团化学试剂有限公司;生理盐水购于武汉滨湖双鹤药业有限责任公司;无水乙醇和甲醇购于北京化工厂;Tris购于北京索莱宝科技有限公司;胎牛血清(FBS)购于浙江天杭生物科技有限公司;胰酶和DMEM购于美国Hyclone;MTT购于Sigma;总RNA提取试剂盒购于宝日医生物技术有限公司(Takara 9108);RNA逆转录试剂盒购于宝日医生物技术有限公司(Takara,RR047A)qPCR试剂盒购于宝日医生物技术有限公司(Takara,RR820A)
3.仪器
多功能酶标仪(美国Tecan)、三孔电热恒温水槽(上海一恒)、高压灭菌锅(上海博讯)、制冰机(日本松下)、恒温震荡器(其林贝尔)、电子天平(赛多利斯)、冰箱(中国海尔)、超纯水系统(Elga)、高速低温组织研磨仪(武汉塞维尔生物科技有限公司)、微量紫外分光光度计Nanodrop(美国ThermoFisher)、PCR仪(美国BIORAD)、Step OnePlus AppliedBiosystems(美国ABI)。
实施例2:半夏多糖的制备方法、含量测定及组成分析
1.半夏多糖的提取及测定
1.1半夏多糖的提取
将法半夏清洗、干燥后,用粉碎机粉碎,粉碎后过筛的目数为60目,得到半夏粉末;称取半夏粉末100g,加入720mL无水乙醇加热回流1h,抽滤得沉淀,弃去上清液,重复三次,所得沉淀即为脱脂半夏粉末;向所得的脱脂半夏粉末中加入710mL馏水后放置于90℃水浴锅中,回流1h,用纱布过滤得上清液,弃去沉淀,重复3次,将上清液合并得1L上清液,即为初步提取的多糖溶液;将初步提取的多糖溶液放置于4℃冰箱静置12h后,边搅拌边加入600mL无水乙醇,再在4℃的低温静置12h后,以7500rpm的速度将滤液离心15min,然后收集沉淀,弃去上清液,得到粗多糖沉淀;加入300mL蒸馏水溶解粗多糖沉淀,使用6M盐酸调节pH至2,然后在4℃静置12h,得到粗多糖溶液;以7500rpm的速度将粗多糖溶液离心15min,然后收集上清液,将沉淀弃去,使用6M NaOH溶液调节上清液pH至7,边搅拌边加入95%乙醇使其中乙醇浓度达到60%,然后在4℃静置12h,离心收集沉淀,得到湿多糖沉淀,将湿多糖沉淀冷冻真空干燥,即得半夏多糖的粗多糖粉末,于干燥器中常温保存。实验流程图操作如图1。用天平称取得到的粉末的重量,然后按照公式计算半夏多糖的得率:
半夏多糖得率%=(粗多糖粉末质量/半夏粉末质量)×100%
1.2半夏多糖总含量的测定
采用硫酸苯酚法检测半夏多糖中的总糖含量:(1)葡萄糖标准曲线的绘制:准确称取葡萄糖标准品2mg于50mL容量瓶中,定量至刻度,摇匀。分别吸取0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8mL上述葡萄糖标准品溶液于试管中,分别以去离子水补至1mL,加入0.25mL 6%苯酚及2.5mL浓硫酸(其中硫酸含量为95%—98%,下同,不赘述),摇匀冷却。另取两只试管加入1mL去离子水后加入等量浓硫酸及苯酚,摇匀冷却。室温放置20min后于482nm波长在紫外分光光度计上测定吸光度。以浓度为横坐标,波长为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,拟合标准曲线回归方程。(2)样品中多糖含量的测定:准确称取经超声提取、冷冻干燥后的半夏多糖1mg,用1mL去离子水溶解,取50μL以去离子水补至1mL,加入0.25mL 6%苯酚及2.5mL浓硫酸,摇匀冷却。室温放置20min后,以相应的试剂为空白对照品,使用紫外-可见分光光度计在482nm处测得吸光度,带入葡萄糖标准曲线,可得样品溶液浓度X,按照公式计算半夏多糖总糖含量。
多糖含量(%)=(XD)/M×100%
其中:X为待测样品溶液多糖浓度(mg/mL),D为样品溶液稀释倍数,M为供试品溶液初始浓度(1mg/mL)
1.3半夏多糖单糖组成成分分析
通过完全酸水解联合PMP(1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮)衍生化对半夏多糖进行单糖组成分析:(1)完全酸水解:称取半夏2mg于螺口试管中,加入2mL 2M三氟乙酸(TFA),使之浓度为1mg/mL,封管,混匀,置于110℃烘箱中,水解反应4h。取出水解液,冷却至室温,置于70℃水浴锅中蒸干TFA溶液,加入甲醇,蒸干。重复五次加入2mL甲醇,除去多余的TFA溶液。样品蒸干后加入200μL水溶解,作为供试品溶液。(2)PMP衍生化:取供试品溶液100μL,加入100μL 0.6M氢氧化钠溶液充分混匀,再加入200μL 0.5M PMP-甲醇溶液,涡旋混匀;置于70℃烘箱中加入,衍生化反应30min。待反应结束后,取出样品冷却至室温。加入0.3M HCl溶液调pH至中性,再向反应液中重复五次加入三氯甲烷进行萃取,将过量的PMP去除。(3)HPLC分析:ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(柱参数为:4.6mm×250mm,5μm);30℃。乙酸铵(pH6.5)-乙腈(83:17)作为流动相;流速为1mL/min。
实施例3:实施例2步骤1.1所得半夏多糖粉末对特应性皮炎的治疗作用验证
1AD模型的建立以及给药方法
本法旨在评估半夏多糖对AD的治疗效果。实验通过局部涂抹卡泊三醇(MC903)于小鼠的内耳廓,建立一个再现人类AD特征的小鼠模型。观察涂抹半夏多糖高低剂量对小鼠皮炎的治疗情况,探究半夏多糖对治疗AD的效果。
将BALB/c小鼠(雌性,体重18-20g,5周龄)饲养在无病原体的环境中,自由饮水和进食,严格执行12h明暗循环,避免动物干扰。适应一周后将实验小鼠随机分为五组(n=6):正常对照组(N)、AD模型组(M)、地塞米松乳膏阳性药组(DEX,2g/kg)、半夏多糖低剂量组(BL,125mg/kg)、半夏多糖高剂量组(BH,500mg/kg)。除正常对照组外,其余四组小鼠均接受每天上午每只耳朵涂抹2nmol MC903(溶于无水乙醇)造模,连续涂抹17天,正常对照组(N)小鼠左右耳各涂抹等量无水乙醇作对照。DEX阳性药组、半夏多糖治疗组(BH、BL)小鼠从第7天下午开始进行每日涂抹给药,给药持续11天。
2相关指标的检测
2.1小鼠血清IgE水平检测
实验第17天,麻醉后对各组小鼠取血,放入静脉血样采集促凝管中,室温静置1h,4000×g,4℃离心10min,取上清置于-80℃冰箱冻存。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测各组小鼠血清中IgE的含量。具体实验方法按照试剂盒的说明书进行操作,孵育完成后终止反应,使用酶标仪检测450nm处吸光度(OD1)。制作标准曲线,拟合方程,根据OD值计算出各样品浓度,得出各组小鼠血清总IgE的含量。
2.2小鼠耳部皮损严重程度评价
在每次使用MC903造模前对小鼠耳厚、皮损程度进行记录(每三天记录一次并进行评分,评分标准参照表1)。实验第16天在MC903给药10min后人工记录进行一次抓挠行为记录(抓挠行为定义:故意用前爪或者后爪对造模皮肤进行抓挠行为)。
表1.小鼠耳部皮肤皮炎程度评分表
2.3小鼠耳组织和主要器官H&E染色
本研究旨在观察特异性皮炎对皮肤组织层面的影响,并深入探究在特异性皮炎条件下组织内部发生的变化。通过比较模型组和正常组的皮肤切片模型,对半夏多糖在改善皮肤炎症方面的潜在作用进行分析,并收集主要器官,检测半夏多糖的生物安全性。
实验第17天,麻醉取血后对小鼠进行安乐死,收集左耳组织和主要器官并置于4%中性福尔马林中固定24小时。随后,采用全自动脱水机进行脱水和浸蜡处理。将处理后的小鼠耳组织浸入蜡液中,模具中装填组织,待蜡块凝固后取下模具得到包埋好的蜡块。将蜡块固定于切片机上修块,切成5μm厚度的切片。将切片放入温水中展开,展平的蜡膜置于玻片上,在烤片机中烤片。按序将切片放入切片架,使用二甲苯脱蜡,梯度乙醇脱水,最后在蒸馏水中浸泡脱蜡。使用苏木素染色液对细胞核染色,冲洗浮色,1%氨水反蓝后再次冲洗,1%盐酸乙醇分化后冲洗去未着色部分。切片浸入伊红溶液复染后再次冲洗。使用不同浓度的乙醇脱水后浸泡两次二甲苯。核对切片编号后使用光学显微镜观察,并测量小鼠耳部皮肤表皮厚度。
2.4小鼠耳组织甲苯胺蓝(TB)染色
通过与模型组以及正常组内肥大细胞计数,评估半夏多糖对肥大细胞浸润改善情况。
小鼠耳部皮肤组织取材固定、蜡块制作和组织切片方法与“2.3小鼠耳组织H&E染色”取材包埋、切片脱蜡的方法相同。将切片浸入甲苯胺蓝染液,稍微冲洗。随后,放入冰醋酸中分化,观察直到细胞核和细胞内颗粒清晰可见后停止分化,在流水中冲洗并用冷风吹干。采用酒精进行梯度脱水,随后在二甲苯中透明化处理,最后用中性树胶封片。核对编号后使用光学显微镜观察并计数小鼠耳部皮肤组织中肥大细胞数量,并进行统计学分析。
2.5小鼠耳组织免疫组化染色(IHC染色)
应用免疫组织化学方法检测各组小鼠左耳部组织中IL-4、IFN-γ以及TSLP蛋白的表达,采用ImageJ软件分析免疫组化染色结果测定平均光密度值(average opicaldensity,AOD)。
小鼠耳部皮肤组织取材固定、蜡块制作和组织切片方法与“2.3小鼠耳组织H&E染色”取材包埋、切片制片的方法相同。石蜡组织切片完成后,用磷酸盐缓冲盐水冲洗,然后浸泡在柠檬酸缓冲液中,煮沸后冷却至室温。抗原修复后,用PBS冲洗组织切片3次,孵育切片2% H2O2,再用PBS冲洗3次,用5%BSA去除内源性过氧化物酶。接着,将切片浸入IFN-γ、IL-4和TSLP的一抗中,在4℃过夜孵育。第二天取出孵育好的切片,在室温复温45分钟后用PBS冲洗,然后滴加稀释好的二抗,接着加入DAB进行显色。显色完成后,用苏木素进行核复染,封片并拍照。核对已经制作好的切片,贴上编号后使用光学显微镜观察染色情况,并进行分析。
2.6实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)
通过观察小鼠组织mRNA的变化,探究于诱发特应性皮炎基因的表达量,以及半夏多糖从基因层面上抑制炎症因子的效果。
2.6.1总RNA的提取
(1)称取50-100mg小鼠耳部皮肤组织样本加入1mL RNAiso Plus,使用已经预冷的高速低温组织研磨仪将其充分匀浆。将匀浆液转移至离心管中,室温静置5min。12000×g 4℃离心5min,小心吸取上清液,移入新的离心管中。(2)向匀浆裂解液中加入氯仿(RNAisoPlus的1/5体积量),混合至溶液乳化呈乳白色;室温静置5min,12000×g,4℃离心15min。离心管中液体分为三层,最上层为无色的上清液、中间层为白色的蛋白质,最下层为带有颜色的有机相。吸取上清液转移至另一新的离心管中。(3)向上清液中加入0.5-1倍RNAiso Plus体积的异丙醇,上下颠倒离心管将其充分混匀,室温静置10min,12000×g,4℃离心10min。离心后,试管底部白色沉淀即为总RNA。小心弃去上清液,用与RNAiso Plus等量的75%乙醇清洗沉淀2-3次,7500×g 4℃离心5min后小心弃去上清。(4)室温晾干沉淀后加入50μL的RNase-free水溶解沉淀,得到的RNA溶液使用NanoDrop测定OD260与OD280,并计算二者比值,筛选比值在1.8-2.2的样本,记录RNA浓度用于后续实验。
2.6.2反转录为cDNA
根据PrimeScriptTMRT reagent Kit with gDNAEraser(Perfect Real Time)试剂盒(Takara,RR047A)的方法进行。将总RNA、gDNA Eraser、5×gDNA Eraser Buffer于冰上配置Master Mix I于室温静置30min去除基因组DNA。其次将PrimeScript RT Enzyme Mix I、RT Primer Mix、5×PrimeScript Buffer 2和RNase Free dH2O于冰上混匀与Master MixI配置20μL反应体系。于PCR仪上进行反转录,孵育条件为37℃15min,退火条件为85℃5s。反转录产物于-80℃保存备用。
2.6.3qPCR反应
根据TBPremix Ex TaqTMII(Tli RNaseH Plus)试剂盒(Takara,RR820A)的方法进行qPCR反应。首先将TB Green Premix Ex Taq II和ROX Reference Dye于室温解冻,上下颠倒混匀后将TB Green Premix Ex Taq II、ROX Reference Dye、PCR引物和无酶水按照20μL的反应体系进行加样并迅速混匀,盖好EP管盖子并离心,整个过程需要保持低温和避光的状态。按照标准循环条件进行PCR反应。使用StepOne Plus AppliedBiosystems两步法进行扩增反应,得到扩增CT值后,使用2-ΔΔCT法进行数据处理。
表2.qPCR引物序列表
实施例1-3的实验结果
1.半夏多糖提取及测定
1.1半夏多糖得率
使用水提醇沉法成功提取得法半夏中的半夏多糖冻干粉末(粗多糖粉末)。精密称取所得粉末的重量,得半夏多糖冻干粉末14.45g,得率为14.45%。
1.2半夏多糖总糖含量
经硫酸苯酚法测得半夏多糖中总糖含量计算得:3.61%。
1.3半夏多糖单糖组成成分分析
如图2所示,所得半夏多糖主要由氨基半乳糖(GalN)、葡萄糖酸(GlcA)、艾杜糖醛酸(IdoA)、半乳糖醛酸(GalA)和葡萄糖(Glc)组成,其中GalN:GlcA:IdoA:GalA:Glc的摩尔比为1:3.06:5.29:136.75:2.01。
2.各组小鼠耳部皮损状况比较
如图3所示,正常对照组小鼠耳部皮肤未见明显炎症损害改变。AD模型组小鼠耳部皮肤于实验第7天开始出现红肿、粗糙、变硬,随涂抹MC903次数的增加,小鼠逐渐出现表皮干燥及脱屑,个别小鼠耳部皮肤出现溃烂及出血;与正常组相比,AD模型组小鼠耳廓肿胀度、皮炎评分均显著上升(###p<0.001),即AD模型成功建立。与AD模型组相比,使用半夏多糖治疗11天后,AD小鼠皮炎评分显著降低(***p<0.001),耳廓肿胀度显著下降(***p<0.001)。实验结果表明半夏多糖可有效缓解AD小鼠因炎症而表现出的耳部皮肤红肿、粗糙以及溃烂出血等症状。
3.各组小鼠血清IgE表达水平
IgE是AD患者的首要临床检测指标,其上调提示炎症发生。应用ELISA方法检测各组小鼠血清IgE水平,如图4所示,与正常对照组比较,AD模型组小鼠血清IgE水平显著上调(###p<0.001)。与AD模型组比较,使用半夏多糖治疗后,小鼠血清IgE水平出现下调,差异有统计学意义(***p<0.001,**p<0.01),且呈现剂量依赖性。实验结果表明半夏多糖可有效降低血清IgE水平,从而缓解AD小鼠由IgE介导的超敏反应。
4.各组小鼠耳部组织H&E、TB染色结果
图5中的H&E染色结果显示,正常对照组小鼠皮肤结构规则,细胞形态正常,上皮层次清晰完整。AD模型组小鼠耳部皮肤的表皮(绿色箭头)、真皮和皮下组织增生,可见明显炎性细胞浸润。与正常组比较,AD模型组表皮厚度显著增加(###p<0.001)。与AD模型组比较,使用半夏多糖治疗后,炎症浸润明显减少,表皮厚度显著降低(***p<0.001)。TB染色结果显示,与正常对照组比较,AD模型组小鼠耳部皮肤的肥大细胞(红色箭头)数量异常增多,浸润明显,差异具有统计学意义(###p<0.001)。与AD模型组比较,使用半夏多糖治疗后,肥大细胞浸润情况减轻,肥大细胞数出现显著减少(***p<0.001,**p<0.01)。实验结果表明半夏多糖可有效减轻AD小鼠皮肤局部的炎症反应,缓解AD病理损伤。
5.各组小鼠耳部组织IHC染色结果
TSLP是一种由上皮细胞分泌的细胞因子,会促进Th2型免疫反应。IL-4和IFN-γ是与特应性皮炎(AD)密切相关的细胞因子。IL-4通常与Th2型免疫反应紧密相连,其过度表达可能引发过敏症状和炎症,从而在AD的发病机制中扮演关键角色。与此相反,IFN-γ通常与Th1型免疫反应相关,其过度表达可能引起免疫系统的异常激活。应用IHC染色检测各组小鼠耳部皮肤TSLP、IFN-γ、IL-4蛋白的表达。如图6所示,与正常对照组比较,AD模型组小鼠TSLP、IFN-γ、IL-4的蛋白表达水平显著升高(###p<0.001)。与AD模型组相比,半夏多糖治疗组小鼠TSLP、IFN-γ、IL-4的蛋白表达水平显著降低(***p<0.001)。实验结果表明半夏多糖能够通过抑制Th1型和Th2型等细胞因子,从而发挥抗炎作用,减缓AD的进程。
6.各组小鼠主要器官H&E染色结果
如图7所示,各器官组织的H&E染色结果未见明显病理改变,实验结果表明:半夏多糖用于治疗特应性皮炎未见明显炎症反应,具有良好生物安全性。
7.RT-qPCR分析半夏多糖在基因水平对AD的治疗情况
MDC和TARC为Th2型细胞的趋化因子,都可促进Th2型免疫反应的发生。对各组小鼠耳部组织中Th2型细胞因子IL-4、Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α和TSLP、MDC、TARC三类mRNA的表达水平进行检测。如图8所示,与正常对照组比较,AD模型组小鼠耳部组织中IL-4、IFN-γ、TNF-α和TSLP、MDC、TARC三类mRNA的表达水平均显著上调(###p<0.001);与AD模型组比较,半夏多糖治疗组中IL-4、IFN-γ、TSLP mRNA表达水平均显著下调(***p<0.001),且高剂量半夏治疗组中TNF-α、MDC和TARC mRNA达水平均显著降低(***p<0.001)。实验结果表明半夏多糖能抑制Th1型和Th2型细胞因子及TSLP、MDC、TARC三类mRNA的基因表达水平,调节Th1/Th2平衡,缓解Th2诱导的炎症反应。
Claims (3)
1.半夏多糖在制备缓解特应性皮炎药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述半夏多糖的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将法半夏清洗、干燥后粉碎过筛;称取得到的法半夏粉末,加入无水乙醇回流一段时间,抽滤得沉淀,弃去上清液,重复三次;所得沉淀即为脱脂半夏粉末;向所得的脱脂半夏粉末加入蒸馏水后放置于85℃-95℃水浴锅中,回流一段时间,用纱布过滤得上清液,弃去沉淀,重复3-5次;将上清液合并得到初步提取的多糖溶液;将初步提取的多糖溶液放置于冰箱静置10h-14h后,边搅拌边加入无水乙醇,在4℃的低温静置10h-14h后,离心15min,收集沉淀,弃去上清液,得到粗多糖沉淀;加入蒸馏水溶解沉淀,调节溶液pH至2,在4℃静置10h-14h;得到粗多糖溶液;将粗多糖溶液离心10min-15min,收集上清液,将沉淀弃去,调节溶液pH至7,边搅拌边加入95%乙醇使其中的乙醇浓度达到60%,再在4℃静置10h-14h,离心收集沉淀,得到湿多糖沉淀,将湿多糖沉淀冷冻真空干燥,制成半夏多糖粉末,于干燥器中常温保存。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述半夏多糖用于降低血清IgE水平,降低TSLP、IFN-γ、IL-4的蛋白表达水平,抑制IFN-γ、IL-4、TSLP、TNF-α、MDC及TARC的mRNA表达水平。
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