CN117919436A - N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇及其应用 - Google Patents
N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇及其应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117919436A CN117919436A CN202211314791.6A CN202211314791A CN117919436A CN 117919436 A CN117919436 A CN 117919436A CN 202211314791 A CN202211314791 A CN 202211314791A CN 117919436 A CN117919436 A CN 117919436A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pnamr
- methyl ester
- acrylated
- arginine methyl
- ester copolymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 32
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- ZDLDXNCMJBOYJV-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-arginine, methyl ester Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N ZDLDXNCMJBOYJV-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002343 gold Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)C=C QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000010412 Glaucoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000019425 cirrhosis of liver Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-arginine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930064664 L-arginine Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014852 L-arginine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- HFBMWMNUJJDEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acryloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C=C HFBMWMNUJJDEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- VURAQNQRBLGZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-tridecanethioylsulfanylpropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=S)SC(C)(C)C(O)=O VURAQNQRBLGZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000027866 inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000626 neurodegenerative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 41
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 32
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 20
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 20
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 206010016654 Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 230000004761 fibrosis Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 11
- 210000003710 cerebral cortex Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 8
- 210000001320 hippocampus Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000002055 immunohistochemical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010175 APPswe/PSEN1dE9 Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012347 Morris Water Maze Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008499 blood brain barrier function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000001218 blood-brain barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000003833 cell viability Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012228 culture supernatant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000000971 hippocampal effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012449 Kunming mouse Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000028709 inflammatory response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000000770 proinflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- IZTQOLKUZKXIRV-YRVFCXMDSA-N sincalide Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O)C1=CC=C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 IZTQOLKUZKXIRV-YRVFCXMDSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000013016 learning Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 4
- AISZNMCRXZWVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfanylcarbothioylsulfanyl-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound CCSC(=S)SC(C)(C)C#N AISZNMCRXZWVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000012987 RAFT agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010087230 Sincalide Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010609 cell counting kit-8 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000263 cytotoxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000037259 Amyloid Plaque Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101710193519 Glial fibrillary acidic protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100039289 Glial fibrillary acidic protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- WZUVPPKBWHMQCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Haematoxylin Chemical compound C12=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2CC2(O)C1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1OC2 WZUVPPKBWHMQCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090001005 Interleukin-6 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100038280 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001142 circular dichroism spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001149 cognitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000005046 glial fibrillary acidic protein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003364 immunohistochemistry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007787 long-term memory Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- YBYRMVIVWMBXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YBYRMVIVWMBXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006403 short-term memory Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000013498 tau Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010026424 tau Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002861 ventricular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031836 visual learning Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- DZFGVGDQHQHOKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylsulfanylcarbothioylsulfanyl-2-methylpropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSC(=S)SC(C)(C)C(O)=O DZFGVGDQHQHOKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010173 Alzheimer-disease mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000013455 Amyloid beta-Peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010090849 Amyloid beta-Peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010074051 C-Reactive Protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282465 Canis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700198 Cavia Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282324 Felis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001272567 Hominoidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000725401 Homo sapiens Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000605127 Homo sapiens Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282596 Hylobatidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000283953 Lagomorpha Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282553 Macaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000036110 Neuroinflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 1
- 108050003267 Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108700012920 TNF Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000000683 abdominal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002565 arteriole Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000089 atomic force micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005013 brain tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008366 buffered solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005779 cell damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037887 cell injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000013592 cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003930 cognitive ability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008876 conformational transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000254 damaging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009509 drug development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002900 effect on cell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001506 fluorescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007490 hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002977 intracellular fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003959 neuroinflammation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000013415 peroxidase activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001420 photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Substances [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006886 spatial memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012192 staining solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/58—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. poly[meth]acrylate, polyacrylamide, polystyrene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol or polystyrene sulfonic acid resin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/242—Gold; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
- A61K47/6921—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere
- A61K47/6927—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere the form being a solid microparticle having no hollow or gas-filled cores
- A61K47/6929—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere the form being a solid microparticle having no hollow or gas-filled cores the form being a nanoparticle, e.g. an immuno-nanoparticle
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
- A61P27/06—Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了N‑异丙基丙烯酰胺‑co‑丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇,其制备方法以及在疾病治疗中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米材料和纳米药物领域,具体涉及N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇及其应用。
背景技术
很多严重的慢性病如多发性硬化症、阿兹海默症(AD)、肝硬化、糖尿病、帕金森症(PD)、青光眼、糖尿病的发病机制并不清楚;但是,现在发现这些疾病与蛋白纤维化和/或炎症反应有关。目前许多针对这些疾病的药物研发都靶向了与这些疾病相关的蛋白纤维化和/或炎症反应。
发明内容
本发明提供了N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇。
在一些实施例中,所述N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇包括N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物和金核,其中所述N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物作为配体与金核通过S-Au键结合。
在一些实施例中,所述N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇的金核的直径为1.0-3.5nm,优选地2.2-3.2nm。
在一些实施例中,所述N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇由以下方法制备:
将L-精氨酸以甲醇为反应物和溶剂,在氯化亚砜催化下得到精氨酸甲酯;
将所述精氨酸甲酯溶于饱和碳酸氢钠溶液,与丙烯酰氯反应完全,得到丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯(AMR);
将所述AMR和纯化n-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)按照摩尔比1:2-6溶解于DMSO中,随后加入链引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)(AIBN的摩尔数占AMR和NIPAM的总摩尔数的0.5-3%)和RAFT试剂2-(十二烷基硫基硫代羰基硫基)-2-甲基丙酸,其中链引发剂AIBN:RAFT试剂=1:3-1:5(n:n);在氮气氛围下恒温60-75℃反应完全,用500-1500Da透析膜透析提纯,得N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物(PNAMR);
利用NaBH4还原所述PNAMR完全后,滴加适量HAuCl4,反应完全后,透析(3000Da),得N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇(PNAMR@AuNCs)。
本发明提供了N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇在制备用于治疗神经退行性疾病和炎症反应引起的疾病的药物的用途。
在一些实施例中,所述神经退行性疾病和炎症反应引起的疾病包括多发性硬化症、阿兹海默症(AD)、肝硬化、糖尿病、帕金森症(PD)、青光眼、糖尿病。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为本发明合成N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇的步骤示意图。
图2中,(a)为聚合物PANMR与PNAMR@AuNCs的紫外-可见吸收波谱图,(b)为PNAMR@AuNCs的X射线光电子能谱图,(c)为PANMR与PNAMR@AuNCs的红外光谱图,(d)为动态光散射仪检测的72h内PANMR与PNAMR@AuNCs的水合粒径size变化图,(e)为PNAMR的低分辨透射电子显微镜图,(f)和(g)为PNAMR@AuNCs的高分辨透射电子显微镜图,(g)图右上角插图是粒径分布统计图。
图3为不同浓度PNAMR@AuNCs与Aβ40共孵育55h期间的ThT动力学曲线图和水合粒径变化图。
图4为20μmol·mL-1Aβ40与PBS,1μg·mL-1与25μg·mL-1PNAMR@AuNCs共孵育55h后的原子力显微镜图。
图5为Aβ40对照组(a)和Aβ40与25μg·mL-1PNAMR@AuNCs(b)共孵育72h前后的圆二色谱图。
图6中,(a)为不同浓度PAuNCs对PC-12细胞毒性测试,(b)为不同浓度Aβ40对PC-12细胞毒性测试,(c)为PAuNCs与Aβ40共孵育24h后PAuNCs对PC-12细胞存活率的影响。
图7中,(a)为NaNO2标准曲线,(b)为不同浓度的PAuNCs、PNAMR与PC-12细胞共孵育后培养基上清液中NaNO2浓度变化。
图8中,(a)为总抗氧化T-AOC试剂盒的Fe2+标准曲线,(b)为不同浓度的PAuNCs、PNAMR与PC-12细胞共孵育后细胞内液中T-AOC浓度变化。
图9中,(a)为AD模型小鼠实验的流程图;(b)为Morris水迷宫小鼠实验示意图;(c)、(d)为野生型小鼠Wild Type对照组、模型小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水对照组APP/PS1、腹腔注射20mg/kg聚合物PNAMR(PNAMR-H)实验组、腹腔注射5mg/kg PAuNCs(PAuNCs-L)实验组、腹腔注射20mg/kg PAuNCs(PAuNCs-H)实验组在Morris水迷宫小鼠实验中的巡台潜伏期统计图和各自典型的行为轨迹图;(e)、(f)、(g)则为上述对照组合实验组Morris水迷宫小鼠实验关于在目标区域的轨迹距离、串台次数和在目标区域的停留时间的数据统计矩形图。
图10为Wild Type、APP/PS1、PNAMR-H、PAuNCs-L、PAuNCs-H组海马区、皮层区的Aβ40和p-Tau的典型免疫组化图,及对上述海马区、皮层区和两者之和总的定量免疫组化数据统计矩形图。
图11为Wild Type、APP/PS1、PNAMR-H、PAuNCs-L、PAuNCs-H组海马区、皮层区的IL-6和COX2的典型免疫组化图,及对上述海马区、皮层区和两者之和总的定量免疫组化数据统计矩形图。
图12为Wild Type、APP/PS1、PNAMR-H、PAuNCs-L、PAuNCs-H组海马区、皮层区的CRP和GFAP的典型免疫组化图,及对上述海马区、皮层区和两者之和总的定量免疫组化数据统计矩形图。
图13为Wild Type、APP/PS1、PNAMR-H、PAuNCs-L、PAuNCs-H组海马区、皮层区的TNFα和IL-1β的典型免疫组化图,及对上述海马区、皮层区和两者之和总的定量免疫组化数据统计矩形图。
图14为腹腔注射50mg/kg的PNAMR@AuNCs对小鼠心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺、肾脏组织切片的H&E效果图。
图15为腹腔注射20mg/kg的PNAMR@AuNCs后第2、6、12、24和48小时,在不同器官(包括脑,心脏,肝脏,脾脏,肺,肾脏)Au含量分布图(n=5)。
图16为腹腔注射20mg/kg生理盐水Normal Saline和PNAMR@AuNCs 2h后小鼠海马切片的TEM图。
具体实施方式
下面详细说明本发明的具体实施方式,其作为本说明书的一部分,通过实施例来说明本发明的原理,本发明的其他方面、特征及其优点通过该详细说明将会变得一目了然。
在引用出版物的情况下,这些出版物的公开内容被整体引用到本申请中,以便更全面地描述本发明相关的现有技术。
如本文所用,“给药”是指口服(“po”)给药,栓剂给药,局部接触给药,静脉给药(“iv”),腹腔给药(“ip”),肌肉给药(“im”),病变内给药,海马内给药,侧脑室给药,鼻腔给药或皮下给药(“sc”)或将缓释装置例如微型渗透泵或易蚀植入物植入受试者。给药可以通过包括肠胃外和跨粘膜的任何途径进行(例如口服,鼻,阴道,直肠或皮)。肠胃外给药包括例如静脉,肌肉,小动脉,皮内,皮下,腹腔,心室和颅内。其他递送方式包括但不限于使用脂质体制剂,静脉输注,透皮贴剂等。
术语“系统性给药”是指将化合物或组合物给予哺乳动物以使该化合物或组合物通过循环系统被递送至体内的部位,包括药物作用的靶部位的方法。系统性给药包括但不限于口服,鼻内,直肠和肠胃外给药(即通过消化道以外的其他途径,例如肌内,静脉,动脉,经皮和皮下给药),但前提是,如本文所用,系统性给药不包括通过除循环系统以外的其他方式直接给药至脑区域,例如鞘内注射和颅内给药。
如本文所用,术语“治疗”是指,对于该术语所适用的疾病或症状,延迟其发生或延缓/逆转其发展,或减轻/预防疾病或症状。
术语“患者”,“受试者”或“个体”可互换地是指哺乳动物,例如人类或非人类哺乳动物,包括灵长类动物(例如猕猴、盘尾猿、长臂猿)、家养哺乳动物(例如猫科动物、犬科动物)、农业哺乳动物(例如牛、绵羊、猪、马)和实验室哺乳动物或啮齿动物(例如大鼠、鼠、兔形目、仓鼠、豚鼠)。
多发性硬化症、阿兹海默症(AD)、肝硬化、糖尿病、帕金森症(PD)、青光眼、糖尿病等疾病的发生与蛋白纤维化和/或炎症反应有关,因此,抑制蛋白纤维化和/或炎症反应的药物有可能治疗这些疾病或缓解这些疾病的进程。
本发明提供了N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇(PNAMR@AuNCs)。将L-精氨酸以甲醇为反应物和溶剂,在氯化亚砜催化下得到精氨酸甲酯。后经提纯冷冻干燥,将精氨酸甲酯溶于碱性溶剂(饱和碳酸氢钠溶液),于低温下与丙烯酰氯反应完全,提纯冷冻干燥即可得到丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯(AMR)。随后将AMR和纯化n-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)按照摩尔比1:2-6溶解于DMSO中,随后加入链引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)(AIBN占样品总物质的量的0.5-3%)和RAFT试剂2-(十二烷基硫基硫代羰基硫基)-2-甲基丙酸,其中链引发剂AIBN:RAFT试剂=1:3-1:5(n:n)。在氮气氛围下恒温60-75度反应完全,用500-1500Da透析膜透析提纯,将其冷冻干燥后即可得N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物(PNAMR)。最后利用NaBH4低温还原PNAMR完全后,滴加适量HAuCl4,低温反应完全后,透析(3000Da),冻干即可得N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇(PNAMR@AuNCs)。PNAMR@AuNCs的金核直径约为1.0-3.5nm,优选地2.2-3.2nm。
本发明提供了所述PNAMR@AuNCs能够抑制Aβ蛋白纤维化和Aβ蛋白纤维化所引起的炎症反应。体外蛋白实验结果表明,PNAMR@AuNCs以5μg/ml的超低剂量完全抑制20μM Aβ40的错误折叠和原纤维的形成;在细胞层面上,PNAMR@AuNCs抑制Aβ40诱导的细胞损伤,增加细胞的NO及抗氧化物质;在APP/PS1 2xTg-AD小鼠模型中,PNAMR@AuNCs显著降低了海马皮层区Aβ斑块、磷酸化Tau的数量,并同样显著的降低了海马皮层区促炎细胞因子的表达量。此外,PNAMR@AuNCs由冷冻电镜证明其还可穿透血脑屏障(BBB)达到脑内,通过细胞毒性实验和小鼠组织毒性染色实验得到PNAMR@AuNCs对细胞和小鼠均无明显毒性。
本发明提供了所述PNAMR@AuNCs在治疗多发性硬化症、阿兹海默症(AD)、肝硬化、糖尿病、帕金森症(PD)、青光眼、糖尿病等疾病中的用途。
本发明提供了治疗多发性硬化症、阿兹海默症(AD)、肝硬化、糖尿病、帕金森症(PD)、青光眼、糖尿病等疾病的含有所述PNAMR@AuNCs的组合物。
在一些实施方案中,所述组合物进一步包含药学上可接受的赋形剂。在一些实施方案中,赋形剂是磷酸盐缓冲溶液或生理盐水。
本发明提供所述PNAMR@AuNCs用于制备用于治疗多发性硬化症、阿兹海默症(AD)、肝硬化、糖尿病、帕金森症(PD)、青光眼、糖尿病等疾病的药物的用途。
在一些实施方案中,所述PNAMR@AuNCs的剂量为0.001毫克/kg/天、0.005毫克/kg/天、0.01毫克/kg/天、0.05毫克/kg/天、0.1毫克/kg/天、0.05毫克/kg/天、1毫克/kg/天、2毫克/kg/天、3毫克/kg/天、4毫克/kg/天、5毫克/kg/天、6毫克/kg/天、7毫克/kg/天、8毫克/kg/天、9毫克/kg/天、10毫克/kg/天、15毫克/kg/天、20毫克/kg/天、30毫克/kg/天、40毫克/kg/天、50毫克/kg/天、60毫克/kg/天、70毫克/kg/天、80毫克/kg/天、90毫克/kg/天、100毫克/kg/天、200毫克/kg/天、300毫克/kg/天、400毫克/kg/天、500毫克/kg/天、600毫克/kg/天、700毫克/kg/天、800毫克/kg/天、900毫克/kg/天或1000毫克/kg/天。
提供以下实施例仅用于说明本发明的原理;它们决不是要限制本发明的范围。
实施例1、PNAMR@AuNCs的合成和表征
1.1、PNAMR@AuNCs的合成
本发明实施例所用l-精氨酸等原料均从上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司购置。
PNAMR@AuNCs合成的大致步骤如图1所示。
1.1.1、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物(PNAMR)的制备
将5.3326g(30mmol)的L-精氨酸溶于100ml甲醇CH3OH中,超声分散均匀。将氯化亚砜SOCl2(90mmol,25ml)用一次性PE管逐滴加入,在低温磁力剧烈搅拌下反应24h。反应结束后,旋蒸去除溶剂,接着加CH3OH(10mL),超声溶解成均一溶液,再次旋蒸,另加少许CH3OH(5mL)溶解,后加入乙醚C2H5OC2H5(10mL),溶液呈白色浑浊,振荡片刻,静置,底部有白色固体析出。取出白色固体,真空烘箱室温干燥过夜或冷冻干燥即可得精氨酸甲酯(L-argininemethyl ester,AME),后冷冻密封保存(-20℃)。
将AME(20mmol)溶解于30ml的饱和NaHCO3中,于低温下剧烈搅拌(-4℃,600r/s),后用注射器缓慢逐滴加入丙烯酰氯(12mmol),滴加时间为15分钟。整个反应持续2h,呈白色密集泡沫,同时静置片刻后底部呈淡粉红色。用氯化钠饱和后,抽滤,沉淀先用乙酸乙酯(50ml)洗涤3次,再用50ml乙酸乙酯:异丙醇=1:1(v:v)萃取滤液3次,后将上层有机液混合,旋蒸浓缩,得到无色油状液体,溶于10ml超纯水中,冷冻干燥可得所制得的丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯(AMR),最后冷冻密封保存(-20℃)。
取AMR(2mmol),纯化NIPAM(8mmol)溶解在10ml的DMSO中,并加入链引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)(0.1mmol,占单体总物质的量的1%)和RAFT试剂(2-(十二烷基硫基硫代羰基硫基)-2-甲基丙酸)(0.5mmol),保证链引发剂AIBN:RAFT试剂=1:5(n:n)。后加入到Schlenk瓶中,液氮冷冻-泵抽-融化,循环三次,最后一次融化同时充入氮气(10min)。旋紧盖子密封,于含有磁子的油浴中逐渐加热至80℃,搅拌速度为2000r/s,恒温反应12h。取出反应液,用1500Da透析膜进行透析,每4h换一次水,时间48h。最后将其过滤所得滤液冷冻干燥后即可得N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物(PNAMR)。
将PNAMR(1g/50ml水)中加入10mL浓度为0.1mol/L的NaBH4,冰浴反应30min,后缓慢滴加质量分数为2%的HAuCl4(10ml),溶液逐渐由无色透明转变为棕黄色,并伴随少量气泡。反应2h后,旋蒸浓缩,透析(3500Da),每2h换一次超纯水,液氮速冻,冻干机冻干可得N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物(PNAMR)修饰的金团簇(PNAMR@AuNCs)。
1.2、PNAMR@AuNCs的特征
1.2.1、PNAMR与PNAMR@AuNCs的紫外-可见吸收波谱
在室温下,将PNAMR与PNAMR@AuNCs溶于水中,用日本岛津公司UV-1800紫外可见分光光度计测试,测试波长范围为900-200nm,结果见图2a。且图2a中的插图为对应溶液。两者在305nm处附近均有显著的等离子体特征吸收峰,但在400-750nm范围内,仅PNAMR@AuNCs有特征吸收。所以可推断PNAMR@AuNCs成功由配体PNAMR制得,且符合金团簇特征。
1.2.2、PNAMR@AuNCs的X射线光电子能谱
用ESCALAB 250Xi XPS(Thermo Fisher,美国)测定C、N、O、S、Au的总XPS光谱,结果见图2b。图中可清晰观察到O1s、N1s、C1s、S2p、Au4f的特征峰,即表明PNAMR@AuNCs成功制得。
1.2.3、PNAMR@AuNCs的红外光谱
在室温下,使用德国Bruker vertex 80v FTIR测定4000-400cm-1范围内PNAMR与PNAMR@AuNCs的红外光谱。冻干样品在MIR-DTGS模式下进行检测,结果见图2c。两者的红外曲线高度相似,可认为PNAMR@AuNCs成功制得,且未破坏PNAMR的有机结构。
1.2.4、PNAMR与PNAMR@AuNCs的动力学尺寸图
在室温25℃下,将PNAMR与PNAMR@AuNCs溶于水中,静置72h,取1mL于四通塑料池中,用马尔文仪器有限公司Nano ZS ZEN3600测试,测试模式为size,每个样测试三次取平均,结果见图2d。随着孵育时间的增长,PNAMR的水动力径逐渐由20nm左右增大至200nm左右,而PNAMR@AuNCs的水动力径的变化折线图趋于水平。由此认为PNAMR@AuNCs显著提高了PNAMR水溶液的尺寸稳定性。
1.2.5、PNAMR与PNAMR@AuNCs的粒径
在室温下,将PNAMR溶解于无水乙醇中,PNAMR@AuNCs溶于乙醇和水体积比为1:1的混合液中,分别用JEM-1400Plus低分辨透射电镜和JEM-2100F高分辨透射电镜(JEOL,日本)测定两者粒径大小,用image J随机统计100个PNAMR@AuNCs的粒径大小,结果见图2e、2f、2g。由图可知,PNAMR胶束的粒径大约为100nm,且易聚集呈更大的颗粒,而PNAMR@AuNCs的粒径仅为2.5±0.1nm,且分散均匀。所以,PNAMR@AuNCs显著减小了PNAMR的尺寸和提高了分散性。
实施例2、PNAMR@AuNCs抑制Aβ纤维化
PNAMR@AuNCs抑制Aβ纤维化实验包括酶标仪监测Aβ纤维生长动力学曲线变化,AFM观察共孵育55h后Aβ的微观形貌,动态光散射仪监测Aβ共孵育蛋白前后的水合粒径尺寸,圆二色光谱监测Aβ共孵育前后的蛋白构象变化。
2.1、ThT荧光光谱法
采用美国Bio Tek公司的Genetic SynergyTM MX酶标仪研究Aβ40纤维化的动力学过程。在96孔板中,每孔分别依次加入100μL(终浓度为1μg·mL-1、5μg·mL-1、10μg·mL-1、20μg·mL-1、50μg·mL-1)的PNAMR@AuNCs的PBS混合液(n=5)和100μL的Aβ40(终浓度为20μmol·L-1),50μL的ThT(同Aβ40一样,20μmol·L-1)。激发波长和发射波长分别设置为445nm和485nm,底读模式,增益调节为80。
结果见图3a,PNAMR@AuNCs可剂量依赖式的延长迟滞期和降低平台荧光强度,即抑制Aβ40纤维化进程。
2.2、动态光衍射仪
Aβ40蛋白共孵育或自孵育前后Size的变化使用马尔文仪器有限公司Nano ZSZEN3600动态光散射仪DLS的Size模式测试。用PBS(pH=7.4)作溶剂配置好25μg·mL-1的待测试药品和20μmol·L-1的Aβ40蛋白单体混合溶液;仅含20μmol·L-1的Aβ40单体溶液。测试温度为37℃,每次平行测量3次。所配制溶液均置于于37℃下恒温水浴孵育,在孵育6h、24h、48h、72h这几个时间点各测量一次水合粒径尺寸变化。
见图3b,PNAMR@AuNCs共孵育下,蛋白水合粒径变化相比于空白对照组,可完全忽略,维持在单体水平,即可有效的抑制Aβ40的错误聚集和进一步的纤维化。
2.3、原子力显微镜
采用原子力显微镜(AFM,Bruker,FastScan型号)测试酶标仪96孔板中不同浓度条件下孵育后的Aβ40蛋白微观形貌及分布情况。用移液枪吸取20μL的酶标仪孵育一段时间后的Aβ40蛋白溶液滴于干净完好无损的云母片(粘在圆铁片上)上,自然风干处理后,放入已经预热30分钟的测试台上,设置参数进行检测。调整模式为Tapping in air,扫描探针为Scanansyst air,扫描频率为1Hz。
结果见图4,(ⅰ)为未添加药物的Aβ40的对照组,在AFM下呈现大量密集长条状的成熟纤维,且互相缠绕交织呈网状,说明37℃孵育55h后,蛋白纤维化程度达到很高。(ⅱ)是添加了1μg·mL-1的PNAMR@AuNCs共孵育后,蛋白纤维变短,纤维数量也有所减少,添加了25μg·mL-1PNAMR@AuNCs的AFM视野中则无长纤维形貌,呈现为点状颗粒的无定型聚集体(见(ⅲ))。这些现象表明PNAMR@AuNCs以25μg·mL-1的剂量便可完全抑制Aβ的纤维化进程,且浓度增大仍可维持稳定对Aβ错误聚集和纤维化进程的完全抑制作用。
2.4、圆二色光谱
开机前用高纯氮气吹通路10min,然后仪器(JASCO公司J-150仪器,SpectraMannager测试软件)开机后再用高纯氮气吹扫光路5min,打开测试软件,使用PBS(pH=7.4)作为空白对照并做基线测试。聚合物PNAMR或PNAMR@AuNCs和Aβ40两者的混合溶液(蛋白最终浓度为20μmol·mL-1,PNAMR或PNAMR@AuNCs的最终浓度为25μg·mL-1)用移液枪加入到CD池中,测试范围设置为190nm到250nm,测试速度为50nm·min-1。得到的数据为测试三次所得的平均值,扣掉溶剂的基线对照,用自带软件进行平滑处理后用origin作图。
结果见图5。(a)中,蓝色曲线和红线曲线分别呈现的是空白Aβ40孵育72h前后的构象特征。在孵育前,Aβ的CD曲线在198nm处有明显的负峰,与α螺旋和无规卷曲的特征峰相符,说明此时蛋白主要是无定型态的单体。孵育72h后,红色曲线在210nm处出现一个强度较大的负峰,且198nm处的负峰消失,变成了强度较弱的正峰,说明Aβ发生了构象转变,α螺旋和无规卷曲完全转变为代表错误折叠的β片层结构,即此时的Aβ多肽已经转变为成熟的原纤维。然而(b)中共孵育前后的两曲线均在且仅在196-198nm处存在明显的特征峰,与空白组的0h的曲线相似,即说明PNAMR@AuNCs的存在对蛋白的CD信号不存在干扰,并且添加了10μg·mL-1的PNAMR@AuNCs共孵育前后,Aβ构象结构没有向β折叠转变,维持在单体的无序状态。因此,在蛋白构象层面上10μg·mL-1的PNAMR@AuNCs可完全抑制Aβ纤维化进程。
实施例3、体外细胞实验
3.1、细胞和细胞培养
PC-12细胞从武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司获得。细胞培养液为含10%FBS和1%PS的DMEM培养基,细胞培养箱培养温度为37℃,CO2浓度为5%。
3.2、细胞毒性实验
生长良好的PC-12细胞接种于96孔板上,于细胞培养箱中培养24h后,置换含有不同浓度PNAMR@AuNCs的培养基,再孵育24h。随后加入含有10%CCK-8的细胞培养基,2h后用酶标仪测试450nm处的吸光度,结果见图6a。
如图6a所示,PNAMR@AuNCs在浓度高达100μg/ml时,对细胞存活率没有明显影响;表明PNAMR@AuNCs无明显细胞毒性。
3.3、AD细胞模型实验
3.3.1、Aβ40的细胞毒性实验
用CCK8法检测PC-12细胞的细胞存活率。这些细胞在含10% FBS和1% PS的DMEM培养基中培养,培养温度为37℃,CO2浓度为5%。在细胞生长到合适的数量后,将100μl条件良好的细胞(密度为每毫升5000细胞)接种到96孔板中,培养24小时(n=5)。然后,移除所有与细胞共孵育的培养基,并将含不同剂量的Aβ40的DMEM培养基添加到96孔板(每孔100μl)中,与细胞共孵育24小时。随后,移除培养基,向每个孔中添加100μl含有10% CCK-8的DMEM溶液并培养2小时。用酶标仪测试450nm处吸光度,结果见图6b。
如图6b所示,在所有测试的浓度范围内(10-60μm)内,Aβ40显著降低细胞存活率;表明Aβ40具有显著的细胞毒性。由于20μm的Aβ40极显著地降低细胞存活率,此浓度被选用于研究PNAMR@AuNCs对Aβ40细胞毒性的抑制作用。
3.3.2、PNAMR@AuNCs抑制Aβ40细胞毒性
用CCK8法检测PC-12细胞的细胞存活率。PC-12细胞在含10% FBS和1%PS的DMEM培养基中培养,培养温度为37℃,CO2浓度为5%。在细胞生长到合适的数量后,将100μl条件良好的细胞(密度为每毫升5000细胞)接种到96孔板中,培养24小时(n=5)。然后,移除所有与细胞共孵育的培养基,并将含有不同剂量的PNAMR@AuNCs和20μM Aβ40的DMEM培养基混合液添加到96孔板(每孔100μl)中,与细胞共孵育24小时。随后,移除培养基,向每个孔中添加100μl含有10% CCK-8的DMEM溶液并培养2小时。用酶标仪测试450nm处吸光度,结果见图6c。
如图6c所示,在20μM Aβ40存在时,PNAMR@AuNCs在所有测试的浓度下能够显著地提高细胞的存活率;表明PNAMR@AuNCs能够显著地抑制Aβ40的细胞毒性。
3.4、PNAMR和PNAMR@AuNCs增加细胞培养上清中一氧化氮(NO)的浓度
用一氧化氮检测试剂盒(NO,碧云天,上海)检测PNAMR和PNAMR@AuNCs对细胞培养上清中NO的浓度的影响。
并用含有10% FBS的DMEM培养液来稀释标准1mol·mL-1NaNO2,得到0,1,2,5,10,20,40,60,100μmol/ml。按50μl/孔,在96孔板中加入标准品及样品。后接连加入50μlGriess ReagentⅠ和Griess ReagentⅡ,室温静置20min,用酶标仪检测540nm处的吸光度。根据标准品浓度所得标准曲线,见图7a。
将不同浓度PNAMR或PNAMR@AuNCs与细胞共孵育;24h后,收集细胞培养上清液,12000r/s离心5min,其上清液作为样品。后根据图6a标准曲线计算得到样品中NaNO2即一氧化氮的浓度,结果见图7b。
如图7b所述,PNAMR在浓度为10或25μg/ml时能够显著地增加细胞培养上清中NO的浓度;PNAMR@AuNCs在浓度为25或50μg/ml时,能够显著地增加细胞培养上清中NO的浓度。
3.5、PNAMR和PNAMR@AuNCs增加细胞总抗氧化能力
用总抗氧化试剂盒(T-AOC,索莱宝,北京)检测PNAMR和PNAMR@AuNCs对细胞抗氧化的影响。
将20μmol/ml的FeSO4标准溶液稀释到相应的浓度,向试剂2中加入100μl不同浓度的标准溶液,将二者充分混合并反应10分钟。用酶标仪记录593nm处的吸光度值。随后,将试剂1、2和3按照比例混匀加入到每个孔中(空白对照组加入水)。完全反应10分钟后,测试吸光度。根据标准品浓度所得标准曲线,见图8a。
将PC-12细胞按照每孔1万个细胞的密度,2mL的体积铺板于6孔板,在培养箱中培养24h后,用注射器去除培养基,后加入2mL用纯DMEM培养基配制的浓度梯度为0.1μg·mL-1、1μg·mL-1、5μg·mL-1、10μg·mL-1、25μg·mL-1的PNAMR或PNAMR@AuNCs溶液,共孵育24h。接着用注射器去除培养基,每孔加入250μL用Western及IP细胞裂解液稀释的PMSF溶液,冰上裂解5min后,用一次性的细胞刮刀刮取裂解液,将其用移液枪转移至1.5mL的PE管中,设置转速为12000r/s,离心5min,然后每孔取上清液50μL于96孔板中铺板(每浓度设立平行组5孔)。紧接着依次加入Griess ReagentⅠ和Griess ReagentⅡ各50μL,然后室温下静置20分钟后用酶标仪监测波长593nm处的吸光度。
结果见图8。图8b为标准曲线,由此分析图b可得,PNAMR@AuNCs和PNAMR均可剂量依赖式的提高细胞抗氧化表达能力。
实施例4、小鼠实验
4.1、小鼠的饲养
SPF级昆明小鼠(湖北省实验动物研究中心)和APP/PS1 2xTg-AD小鼠(购自南京大学模型动物研究中心),均饲养于普通笼中,每天光照和黑暗时间均为12小时,实验期间小鼠可自由进食与饮水。随机挑选雌雄小鼠分组进行实验,动物许可证:SCXK(鄂)2015–0018。动物实验经武汉理工大学动物伦理委员会批准。
4.2、小鼠的初步安全性评估
SPF级昆明小鼠6-8周龄,体重为25-30mg,随机分为2组(n=5)。小鼠腹腔注射100μg/ml的生理盐水或PNAMR@AuNCs,心脏灌流PBS后,解剖取出心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺、肾脏并放入4%多聚甲醛中固定,用于后续处理,即H&E染色。
4.3、APP/PS1 2xTg-AD小鼠的药物实验
APP/PS1 2xTg-AD小鼠(26周),将其随机分为4组(8只/组):模型对照组(生理盐水);PNAMR组(20mg/kg PNAMR),PNAMR@AuNCs低剂量组(5mg/kg PNAMR@AuNCs),和PNAMR@AuNCs高剂量组(20mg/kg PNAMR@AuNCs)。另外,正常昆明小鼠8只(26周,体重25-30mg),作为正常对照组(生理盐水)。每日按照所示剂量通过腹腔注射给药。
4.4、Morris水迷宫试验
在4.3的药物实验进行到第43周时,对所有组小鼠一起进行为期一周的Morris水迷宫试验。
Morris水迷宫试验的操作如下:分为考察学习和短时记忆能力的定位航行实验,考察空间长时记忆的空间探索实验。其中定位航行实验历时4天,每天将大鼠面向分别从东、南、西、北四个象限的池壁放入水中若干次(水温控制在25℃左右),每次训练记录其从下水后到爬上用二氧化钛粉末隐藏在水面下目标平台的所用时间,该时间定义为巡台潜伏期。巡台潜伏期时间越小,则代表小鼠的短时记忆和空间学习技能越强。空间探索实验是训练后除去平台,小鼠在确定时间内的荧光游泳轨迹,考察小鼠的长时记忆。本课题对APP/PS1(AD)组、正常对照组、AD+PNAMR-H组、AD+PAuNCs-L组、AD+PAuNCs-H组(以上PNAMR@AuNCs简称为PAuNCs)进行该项测试,统计每组巡台潜伏期、行为轨迹图、穿台次数等数据。
结果见图9。a为具体小鼠行为学实验流程如所示,b则为水迷宫实验流程和示意图。c为5组小鼠在4天训练期间每天的巡台潜伏时间的数据统计折线图。与野生型小鼠WT组相比,APP/PS1即AD模型小鼠的逃避潜伏时间均超过40s,且随着训练天数的增加,潜伏期时间降低的不明显,符合AD小鼠的行为学缺陷特征,即证明该AD模型小鼠构建成功。阳性给药组则均随着训练天数的增加,有效的降低了小鼠的巡台潜伏期,尤其是PAuNCs的高低浓度两组小鼠的最终的巡台潜伏期与其减小速度与WT小鼠相似。因此,高低浓度PAuNCs和高浓度PNAMR均可有效改善AD模型小鼠的学习与短时记忆能力,且PAuNCs的效果更优。相对而言,PNAMR-H的给药效果则稍微欠缺。由d中罗列的五组小鼠的典型的荧光轨迹图,可更直观的表征小鼠的空间记忆和认知能力。AD模型小鼠的运动轨迹呈现的是围绕着平台外圈不停的转圈,对目标区域没有空间记忆能力;PNAMR-H组的轨迹除了在外围转圈与AD的相似外,可以发现小鼠进入平台的一开始便有进行巡台探索迹象,最终穿过目标区域的路程变多了,轨迹终点也更靠近目标区域;PAuNCs-L,PAuNCs-H和WT组三组的轨迹十分简短,可以清晰看到小鼠从起点开始便直奔目标区域,即三者的学习和短时记忆水平相近,相对来说,PAuNCs-L的所需时间略长。这可显著表示PNAMR@AuNCs的给药,可显著的改善AD模型小鼠的空间学习和短时记忆能力。
对每组8只小鼠在撤台后一定时间内的游泳轨迹具体数据,根据穿台次数(e)目标区域的距离(f),目标区域停留的时间(g),这六点角度进行统计分析,所得结果见e-g。对比关于穿台次数,在目标区域的距离,目标区域停留的时间三张图,PNAMR@AuNCs具有剂量依赖性的改善小鼠长时记忆能力,值得注意的是,PAuNCs-H给药实验小鼠的所有数据都显著性的优于AD模型小鼠的水平。另外,同浓度下的PNAMR-H组对模型小鼠的改善效果不大,与PAuNCs-L相似,猜想可能是由于生理条件下,大尺寸PNAMR胶束不易穿透BBB,即药物入脑率低导致的。综合上述MWM实验结果表明,PAuNCs修复认知缺陷的能力优于PNAMR,并且能够剂量依赖性有效改善AD小鼠的认知学习和记忆的能力,以20mg·kg-1的给药剂量便可完全使AD小鼠恢复至WT小鼠水平。
4.5、免疫组化和分析
在4.3的药物实验进行到45周时,处死所有组小鼠,取出脑组织,酒精处理组织脱水,石蜡包埋,切片并洗涤。用微波修复抗原,加入一抗,二抗和显色剂进行显色处理。将玻片密封拍照。通过ipwin32计算免疫组化的染色面积比例。具体操作如下:先在生物组织脱水机里面完成组织脱水,组织透明,浸蜡;然后进行包埋,切片和烤片,切片脱蜡,抗原修复处理,阻断内源性过氧化物酶,血清封闭;接着按顺序用稀释好的一抗,酶标二抗,显色剂处理切片,然后用Mayer苏木素复染;最后进行脱水,封片,便可在显微镜下观察并采集图像(200倍)。
结果见图10,其中a和b为Aβ斑块在小鼠海马HIPP和皮质区COR的直观组化相片(200倍),和对应表达量的定量统计。a中箭头所指的红棕色斑块表示为目标蛋白Aβ40的沉积,箭头越多表示脑中沉积的老年斑越多。将图a结合图b对Aβ40在海马皮质和总脑(设定为海马与皮质的总和)中的数据统计分析,得出以下结论:PNAMR-H,PAuNCs-L,PAuNCs-H均可有效减少模型鼠脑中老年斑的沉积,且药效大小顺序为PNAMR-H<PAuNCs-L<PAuNCs-H;同时PAuNCs-H高剂量给药组脑中Aβ40的沉积含量降低至WT水平(约为0.001)。对图c和d进行分析,观察得p-Tau主要分布在皮质区,如图c中AD组的皮质呈现了大面积的红棕色。最终得出的结论与淀粉样蛋白β的相似,即PNAMR-H,PAuNCs-L,PAuNCs-H均可有效抑制模型鼠脑中Tau蛋白的的磷酸化,PAuNCs高剂量给药组脑中p-Tau的表达水平降低至WT水平。
图11,PNAMR-H,PAuNCs-L,PAuNCs-H均可有效减少模型鼠脑中促炎因子IL-6,COX-2的表达,且药效大小顺序为PNAMR-H<PAuNCs-L<PAuNCs-H。
图12,PNAMR-H,PAuNCs-L,PAuNCs-H均可有效减少模型鼠脑中促炎因子hs-CRP,GFAP的表达,且药效大小顺序为PNAMR-H<PAuNCs-L<PAuNCs-H。
图13,PNAMR-H,PAuNCs-L,PAuNCs-H均可有效减少模型鼠脑中促炎因子TNFα,IL-1β的表达,且药效大小顺序为PNAMR-H<PAuNCs-L<PAuNCs-H。
猜想前文优秀的水迷宫行为学的修复效果也得益于PNAMR@AuNCs优异的降低促炎因子表达,减轻神经炎症的能力。
4.6、H&E染色
固定好的小鼠脏器用酒精脱水和石蜡进行包埋处理。使用切片机切片后,将其循环浸入二甲苯、乙醇和蒸馏水中进行去脱水剂和脱蜡和处理。切片用Harris苏木精和伊红染色液染色后放入继续放入二甲苯、乙醇和蒸馏水中浸洗,风干后用BX53生物显微镜观察。拍摄倍数为200倍,结果见图14。腹腔注射PNAMR@AuNCs的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺、肾脏的切片,没有发现明显的组织缺损,肿胀或变形现象。同时对比注射当量生理盐水的同种器官的切片,两者之间各脏器的形态都十分相似,即表明20mg·kg-1PNAMR@AuNCs对小鼠的主要器官组织没有明显的毒害和损伤作用。
4.7、原子吸收光谱(AAS)
昆明小鼠6-8周龄,体重为25-30mg(25只,n=5);腹腔注射20mg/kg的PNAMR@AuNCs,分别间隔2h、6h、12h、24h,取出心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺、肾脏、脑后立即放入液氮中冷冻干燥,五天后取出,研磨成粉末,称取20mg左右的组织粉末用浓硝酸消解过夜,煮干后再用新制王水消解煮干,后用1%王水溶液溶解,将溶液用于原子吸收光谱(AAS)测试Au含量。金标准溶液配置为相应浓度梯度,测试后得到相应的标准曲线。在相同条件下测试待测液的吸光度,换算得到金元素的浓度,结果见图15。如图15所示,注射PNAMR@AuNCs后,脑中含有大量的金元素,表明PNAMR@AuNCs能够穿越血脑屏障。且主要组织中的金积累量逐渐降低至正常水平,可认为对小鼠具有良好的生物相容性。
4.8、透射电子显微镜(TEM)
采用FEI Tecnai G2 20TWIN TEM(美国)研究PNAMR@AuNCs能否穿透小鼠的血脑屏障进入大脑。昆明小鼠6-8周龄,体重为25-30mg;腹腔注射20mg/kg的PNAMR@AuNCs或生理盐水(n=5),2h后取出脑,放入2.5%戊二醛中固定。图16显示小鼠脑切片的大脑皮质中神经元的TEM图像;生理盐水组无可见具有高反差的黑点(左幅);而PNAMR@AuNCs组显示具有高反差的黑点(箭头所指)(中和右幅),表明PNAMR@AuNCs能够迅速穿透血脑屏障。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇,其特征在于,所述N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇包括:
N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物;
金核;
其中所述N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物作为配体与金核通过S-Au键结合。
2.根据权利要求1所述N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇,其特征在于,所述金核的直径为1.0-3.5nm,优选地2.2-3.2nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇,其特征在于,所述N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇由以下方法制备:
将L-精氨酸以甲醇为反应物和溶剂,在氯化亚砜催化下得到精氨酸甲酯;
将所述精氨酸甲酯溶于饱和碳酸氢钠溶液,与丙烯酰氯反应完全,得到丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯(AMR);
将所述AMR和纯化n-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)按照摩尔比1:2-6溶解于DMSO中,随后加入链引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)和RAFT试剂2-(十二烷基硫基硫代羰基硫基)-2-甲基丙酸,其中链引发剂偶氮二异丁腈的摩尔数占AMR和NIPAM总摩尔数的0.5-3%,链引发剂偶氮二异丁腈与RAFT试剂的摩尔比为1:3-1:5;在氮气氛围下恒温60-75℃反应完全,用500-1500Da透析膜透析提纯,得N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物(PNAMR);
利用NaBH4还原所述PNAMR完全后,滴加适量HAuCl4,反应完全后,透析(3000Da),得N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇(PNAMR@AuNCs)。
4.N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇在制备用于治疗神经退行性疾病和炎症反应引起的疾病的药物的用途;所述N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇如权利要求1-3任一项所述。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用途,其特征在于,所述神经退行性疾病和炎症反应引起的疾病包括多发性硬化症、阿兹海默症(AD)、肝硬化、糖尿病、帕金森症(PD)、青光眼、糖尿病。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211314791.6A CN117919436A (zh) | 2022-10-26 | 2022-10-26 | N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇及其应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211314791.6A CN117919436A (zh) | 2022-10-26 | 2022-10-26 | N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇及其应用 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN117919436A true CN117919436A (zh) | 2024-04-26 |
Family
ID=90759861
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211314791.6A Pending CN117919436A (zh) | 2022-10-26 | 2022-10-26 | N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇及其应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN117919436A (zh) |
-
2022
- 2022-10-26 CN CN202211314791.6A patent/CN117919436A/zh active Pending
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU2021211975B2 (en) | Substance containing gold cluster and preparation method and use thereof | |
WO2018113686A1 (zh) | 水溶性富勒烯结构在制备治疗脂肪肝的药物中的应用 | |
CN115607523A (zh) | 用于缓解和/或治疗阿尔兹海默症的组合物及其制备方法、应用 | |
CN117919436A (zh) | N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酰化精氨酸甲酯共聚物修饰的金团簇及其应用 | |
US20240226323A9 (en) | Gold clusters, compositions, and methods for treatment of depression | |
CN114409729A (zh) | 一种菜籽肽及其在制备药物纳米载体方面的应用 | |
CN102716137A (zh) | 荧光纳米钻石-阿霉素复合物的制备方法和应用 | |
CN113398135A (zh) | 一种用于hili原位检测与释药的纳米系统 | |
CN114870036B (zh) | 负载治疗药物的真黑素样纳米造影剂及其合成方法 | |
WO2020025408A1 (en) | Biocompatible tolerogenic nanoparticles | |
CN117919430A (zh) | 一种细胞膜仿生纳米材料及其制备和应用 | |
CN114507267B (zh) | 一种靶向肿瘤微环境的两亲性小分子纳米药物及其制备方法 | |
CN113546046B (zh) | 一种乳铁蛋白修饰的广藿香醇脂质体及其制备方法和应用 | |
WO2022110911A1 (en) | Gold clusters, compositions, and methods for treatment of cerebral strokes | |
WO2022198438A1 (en) | Ligand-bound zinc sulfide nanoparticles, methods for making the same, and their use for treatment | |
CN117624298A (zh) | 一种基于硫酸酯酶响应的原位组装抗肿瘤超分子PROTACs的制备方法 | |
CN117298050A (zh) | 一种松果菊苷脂质体、lrp1靶向载松果菊苷脂质体及其制备方法、应用 | |
CN118619257A (zh) | 一种聚乙二醇和乳铁蛋白共修饰的氮掺杂碳纳米点及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN118286262A (zh) | 咖啡酸碳纳米点的制备及咖啡酸碳纳米点在抑制人甲状腺癌细胞的应用 | |
CN117624581A (zh) | 一种具有肾主动靶向性的高分子材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN118909245A (zh) | 一种可同时捕获cfDNA和ROS的药物递送系统HAPE-PLL-PEG@EDV及其应用 | |
CN118370842A (zh) | 雷公藤甲素纳米递送系统的制备方法与评价方法 | |
CN110833550A (zh) | 吡唑并嘧啶衍生物在治疗急性胰腺炎致肝损伤的用途 | |
WO2004006663A1 (ja) | 肝硬変モデル動物およびその作製方法 | |
Pathak et al. | TAK1 is an evolutionarily conserved kinase in the MAP3 K family and clusters with the tyrosine-like and sterile kinase families. Menu |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |