CN117899016A - 盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及抗菌用药物制剂技术领域,具体提供了一种盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂及其制备方法,本发明以盐酸奥替尼啶为活性药物,大豆磷脂与胆固醇为脂质膜,用薄膜分散法制得。所制备脂质体微球的D50粒径为4.20~5.94μm,粒径分布近似正态;盐酸奥替尼啶微球在90分钟左右的累积释放度可达90%以上;脂质体对盐酸奥替尼啶的包封率大于90%;对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌具有明显的抗菌活性;本发明的盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球可提高盐酸奥替尼啶在外用剂型中的分散性、稳定性,可根据具体情况灵活制备体外应用型制剂,易于控制给药量和药物作用时间,减少药物残留、降低细菌耐药性风险、提高疗效和顺应性。
Description
技术领域
本发明专利涉及抗菌药物制剂领域,具体涉及一种盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
盐酸奥替尼啶具有很好的杀菌、抗菌、防腐、抗静电、分散、乳化等性能,且具有组织相容性好、抗菌菌谱广、作用快速、持久等特点,常用于皮肤、粘膜和伤口的净化、消毒、治疗。
微球是指药物分散或被吸附在高分子、聚合物基质中而形成的微粒分散体系。目前药剂学上关于微球的定义是指药物溶解或分散于高分子材料中形成的微小球状实体,球形或类球形,一般制备成混悬剂供注射或口服用。微球粒径范围一般为1~500μm,小的可以是几纳米,大的可达800μm。
微球制剂有如下特点:①靶向性。通过被动分布、主动靶向性结合或磁性吸引提高药物在体内的局部有效浓度。②缓释与长效性。可减少给药次数,降低血药浓度峰谷波动,生物降解微球具有长效性能。③栓塞性。微球直接经动脉管导入,阻塞在肿瘤血管,微球可阻断肿瘤给养和载药微粒释放的药物可抑制杀死癌细胞,起双重抗肿瘤作用。④掩盖药物的不良气味,降低局部刺激性与给药适应性。⑤提高药物的稳定性。⑥使液态药物固态化。将油类、香料、脂溶性维生素包裹成微粒使之固态化。
脂质体是一种将药物包封于类脂质双分子层薄膜中间所制成的超微球载体制剂,其双分子层成分一般由磷脂和胆固醇组成。现用于临床治疗的脂质体制剂有益康唑脂质体凝胶、两性霉素B脂质体、多柔比星脂质体、柔红霉素脂质体、阿糖胞苷脂质体、制霉菌素脂质体、甲肝疫苗脂质体等。1990年,英国率先推出奥替尼啶的三种剂型:奥替尼啶伤口凝胶(含0.05%奥替尼啶);奥替尼啶伤口冲洗液(含0.05%奥替尼啶)和奥替尼啶洗涤化妆水(含0.3%奥替尼啶)。但是盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体混悬液则未见文献报道。
盐酸奥替尼啶用于抗微生物感染外用药剂和癌症的治疗的研究已经有报道,但是作为一种阳离子表面活性剂,盐酸奥替尼啶具有一定的细胞毒性,可以通过将其纳入生物相容性纳米颗粒或微球来降低毒性。另外由于其水溶性差,有产品使用苯氧乙醇来增加溶解度,导致对黏膜和开放创口的刺激性增加,在直接使用其溶液剂、凝胶剂时也容易对开放型创面造成刺激,降低了顺应性。
发明内容
针对现有剂型的不足,本发明提供了一种盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂,可提高药物在外用剂型中的分散性、稳定性,可根据具体情况灵活制备体外应用型制剂,易于控制给药量和药物作用时间,减少药物残留、降低细菌耐药性风险、提高疗效和顺应性的优势。本发明同时弥补了现有剂型的不足,为含微球的散剂、混悬剂等多种盐酸奥替尼啶抗菌剂型的开发和应用奠定基础。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中调节PH值至3.0~4.0。
本发明所述的一种盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂,以盐酸奥替尼啶为活性药物,以大豆磷脂与胆固醇为脂质体膜,以枸橼酸盐为pH缓冲剂,以水为分散介质,用薄膜分散法制得。
进一步地,所述具体设计配方为:盐酸奥替尼啶用量为0.05~0.5g;大豆磷脂1.3~2.3g;胆固醇0.3~0.9g;柠檬酸盐缓冲液稀释液:60g。
本发明同时提供了盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置枸橼酸盐缓冲液稀释液
将枸橼酸盐缓冲液30g与蒸馏水以1:1体积比混合,配制为60g的稀释液,水浴保温;
(2)制备盐酸奥替尼啶脂质膜
称取权利要求2中配比的大豆磷脂、盐酸奥替尼啶双盐酸盐、胆固醇于100ml烧杯中,加无水乙醇,55~60℃水浴搅拌,于旋转蒸发仪上减压蒸馏除去乙醇,使盐酸奥替尼啶/大豆磷脂/胆固醇的乙醇溶液在壁上成膜,制得盐酸奥替尼啶脂质膜;
(3)制备盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂
将步骤(1)中枸橼酸盐缓冲稀释液加至步骤(2)中,55~60℃下于旋转蒸发仪上,以30转/分钟的转速下水化,搅拌均匀后制得盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中枸橼酸盐缓冲液为由柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、水组成,其中柠檬酸与柠檬酸钠的总摩尔浓度为0.1mol/L。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中水浴温度为55~60℃。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中无水乙醇的量为2.5~3.5g。
进一步地,所述步骤(3)中水化时间为10~30分钟。
本发明专利将盐酸奥替尼啶制备成脂质体,没有使用苯氧乙醇等刺激性溶剂,使用了无毒性的大豆磷脂、胆固醇作为辅料,以及易于除去的乙醇作为过程性溶剂,所制备的盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体可以实现盐酸奥替尼啶的缓慢、温和释放;因盐酸奥替尼啶被脂质体膜包裹,当外用时所释放的药物达到一定浓度起效后,容易通过清洗去除、停止用药,减少低浓度下产生细菌耐药性的风险;而且以脂质体的形式负载到半固体、固体剂型上后更容易保持药物的分散均匀性和稳定性。
采用本发明技术方案制得的盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂具有以下优势:可掩盖药物的不良臭味,提高药物的稳定性,防止药物在胃部失活或减少对胃部的刺激性,将药物固化后便于贮藏和应用,减少复方药物的配伍禁忌,可制备控释制剂,使药物浓集于靶区、提高疗效。因此,制备盐酸奥替尼啶微球剂或微胶囊剂具有重要的应用价值。
由于未见盐酸奥替尼啶微球类药物剂型的研究和产品报道,本发明提供该类剂型的制备方法,以发挥微球类药物的掩盖不良气味、降低药物刺激性、便于储存等优点,为含微球的散剂、混悬剂等多种盐酸奥替尼啶抗菌剂型的开发和应用奠定基础。因此,对盐酸奥替尼啶微球的制备及其工艺优化研究是非常有必要的。
附图说明
图1实施例1荧光显微镜实物图
图2实施例2荧光显微镜实物图
图3实施例3荧光显微镜实物图
图4实施例4荧光显微镜实物图
图5实施例5荧光显微镜实物图
图6各实施例对大肠杆菌抗菌效果图
图7各实施例对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌效果图
图8各实施例对白色念珠菌抗菌效果图
图9空白样粒径分布图
图10实施例1盐酸奥替尼啶微球粒径分布
图11实施例2盐酸奥替尼啶微球粒径分布
图12实施例3盐酸奥替尼啶微球粒径分布
图13实施例4盐酸奥替尼啶微球粒径分布
图14实施例5盐酸奥替尼啶微球粒径分布
图15实施例1~5盐酸奥替尼啶微球的累积释药曲线图
图16实施例1~5盐酸奥替尼啶微球的包封率数据表
其中:图6,a,b,c,d,e分别是实施例1~5中盐酸奥替尼啶微球的对大肠杆菌抗菌效果图;
图7,f,g,h,i,j分别是实施例1~5中盐酸奥替尼啶微球的对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌效果图;
图8,k,l,m,n,o分别是实施例1~5中盐酸奥替尼啶微球的对白色念珠菌抗菌效果图;
图9~图14,分别为激光散射法测定的无载药空白对照、实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4、实施例5各微球的粒径分布曲线。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例及附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种盐酸奥替尼啶抗菌脂质体微球,以盐酸奥替尼啶为活性药物,大豆磷脂与胆固醇为脂质膜,用薄膜分散法制得。具体设计配方为:盐酸奥替尼啶0.05g;所述大豆磷脂1.3g;胆固醇0.3g;还包括无水乙醇2.5g,枸橼酸盐缓冲液稀释液60g。具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)枸橼酸盐缓冲液的配置
将枸橼酸盐缓冲液试剂与蒸馏水以1:1的体积比进行混合,混匀,调pH值为3.8,即得。取60ml,置于小烧杯内,60℃水浴中保温,待用。
(2)盐酸奥替尼啶脂质膜的制备
称取奥替尼啶双盐酸盐0.05g、大豆磷脂1.3g、胆固醇0.3g于100ml烧杯中,加无水乙醇2.5g,
60℃水浴,搅拌使溶解,于旋转蒸发仪上以30转/分钟的转速旋转,使盐酸奥替尼啶/大豆磷脂/胆固醇的乙醇溶液在壁上成膜,减压除去乙醇,制得脂质膜。
(3)盐酸奥替尼啶微球的制备
将步骤(1)中预热的枸橼酸盐缓冲液加至步骤(2)中,转动下60℃水化10分钟即得。
实施例2
一种盐酸奥替尼啶抗菌脂质体微球,以盐酸奥替尼啶为活性药物,大豆磷脂与胆固醇为脂质膜,用薄膜分散法制得。具体设计配方为:盐酸奥替尼啶0.10g;所述大豆磷脂1.5g;胆固醇0.5g;还包括无水乙醇2.8g,枸橼酸盐缓冲液稀释液60g。具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)枸橼酸盐缓冲液的配置
将枸橼酸盐缓冲液试剂与蒸馏水以1:1的体积比进行混合,混匀,调pH值为3.8,即得。取60ml,置于小烧杯内,60℃水浴中保温,待用。
(2)盐酸奥替尼啶脂质膜的制备
称取奥替尼啶双盐酸盐0.10g、大豆磷脂1.5g、胆固醇0.5g于100ml烧杯中,加无水乙醇2.8g,
60℃水浴,搅拌使溶解,于旋转蒸发仪上以30转/分钟的转速旋转,使盐酸奥替尼啶/大豆磷脂/胆固醇的乙醇溶液在壁上成膜,减压除去乙醇,制得脂质膜。
(3)盐酸奥替尼啶微球混悬剂的制备
将步骤(1)中预热的枸橼酸盐缓冲液加至步骤(2)中,转动下60℃水化15分钟即得。
实施例3
一种盐酸奥替尼啶抗菌脂质体微球,以盐酸奥替尼啶为活性药物,大豆磷脂与胆固醇为脂质膜,用薄膜分散法制得。具体设计配方为:盐酸奥替尼啶0.2g;大豆磷脂1.8g;胆固醇0.6g;还包括无水乙醇3.0g,枸橼酸盐缓冲液稀释液60g。具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)枸橼酸盐缓冲液的配置
将枸橼酸盐缓冲液试剂与蒸馏水以1:1的体积比进行混合,混匀,调pH值为3.8,即得。取60ml,置于小烧杯内,60℃水浴中保温,待用。
(2)盐酸奥替尼啶脂质膜的制备
称取奥替尼啶双盐酸盐0.20g、大豆磷脂1.8g、胆固醇0.6g于100ml烧杯中,加无水乙醇3.0g,60℃水浴,搅拌使溶解,于旋转蒸发仪上以30转/分钟的转速旋转,使盐酸奥替尼啶/大豆磷脂/胆固醇的乙醇溶液在壁上成膜,减压除去乙醇,制得脂质膜。
(3)盐酸奥替尼啶微球混悬剂的制备
将步骤(1)中预热的枸橼酸盐缓冲液加至步骤(2)中,转动下60℃水化20分钟即得。
实施例4
一种盐酸奥替尼啶抗菌脂质体微球,以盐酸奥替尼啶为活性药物,大豆磷脂与胆固醇为脂质膜,用薄膜分散法制得。具体设计配方为:盐酸奥替尼啶0.30g;所述大豆磷脂2.0g;胆固醇0.7g;还包括无水乙醇3.2g,枸橼酸盐缓冲液稀释液60g。具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)枸橼酸盐缓冲液的配置
将枸橼酸盐缓冲液试剂与蒸馏水以1:1的体积比进行混合,混匀,调pH值为3.8,即得。取60ml,置于小烧杯内,60℃水浴中保温,待用。
(2)盐酸奥替尼啶脂质膜的制备
称取奥替尼啶双盐酸盐0.30g、大豆磷脂2.0g、胆固醇0.7g于100ml烧杯中,加无水乙醇3.2g,60℃水浴,搅拌使溶解,于旋转蒸发仪上以30转/分钟的转速旋转,使盐酸奥替尼啶/大豆磷脂/胆固醇的乙醇溶液在壁上成膜,减压除去乙醇,制得脂质膜。
(3)盐酸奥替尼啶微球混悬剂的制备
将步骤(1)中预热的枸橼酸盐缓冲液加至步骤(2)中,转动下60℃水化25分钟即得。
实施例5
一种盐酸奥替尼啶抗菌脂质体微球,以盐酸奥替尼啶为活性药物,大豆磷脂与胆固醇为脂质膜,用薄膜分散法制得。具体设计配方为:盐酸奥替尼啶0.5g;所述大豆磷脂2.3g;胆固醇0.9g;还包括无水乙醇3.5g,枸橼酸盐缓冲液稀释液60g。具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)枸橼酸盐缓冲液的配置
将枸橼酸盐缓冲液试剂与蒸馏水以1:1的体积比进行混合,混匀,调pH值为3.8,即得。取60ml,置于小烧杯内,60℃水浴中保温,待用。
(2)盐酸奥替尼啶脂质膜的制备
称取奥替尼啶双盐酸盐0.50g、大豆磷脂2.3g、胆固醇0.9g于100ml烧杯中,加无水乙醇3.5g,
60℃水浴,搅拌使溶解,于旋转蒸发仪上以30转/分钟的转速旋转,使盐酸奥替尼啶/大豆磷脂/胆固醇的乙醇溶液在壁上成膜,减压除去乙醇,制得脂质膜。
(3)盐酸奥替尼啶微球混悬剂的制备
将步骤(1)中预热的枸橼酸盐缓冲液加至步骤(2)中,转动下60℃水化30分钟即得。
分别对上述实施例1~5制得的盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂依次进行荧光显微镜实物观察、抗菌测试、微球粒径分布检查、释放度检查、包封率测试,并进行分析。
其中,图1~图5分别为实施例1~实施例5的荧光显微镜图片,从图中可以明显看到球状脂质体微粒。
(一)抗菌测试结果与说明
参见图6~图8:盐酸奥替尼啶原料药的水溶液与微球制剂对三种菌种均有很明显且范围较大的抑菌圈,说明盐酸奥替尼啶对于革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和真菌均有很强的抑菌效果,并且盐酸奥替尼啶原料药形成的抑菌圈比初始加入时覆盖的面积要大的多,而制成微球剂的盐酸奥替尼啶则没有过大的抑菌圈,这个现象表明着盐酸奥替尼啶原料药在培养基表面产生了一定的扩散,但是将其制成微球一定程度上限制了微球内盐酸奥替尼啶的扩散。其中,不论盐酸奥替尼啶原料药还是盐酸奥替尼啶微球剂都在涂有金黄色葡萄球菌的培养基表面有最大的抑菌圈,也证实盐酸奥替尼啶对金黄色葡萄球菌(革兰氏阳性菌)有更强的抑菌效果。
(二)微球粒径分布检测结果与说明
参见图9~图14,其中D90、D50、D10分别表示累积分布曲线中累积值为90%、50%、10%时的所对应的粒径。具体检测结果如下:
图9为未载药的空白对照微球,其D50为4.20μm。
图10为实施例1制得的盐酸奥替尼啶微球粒径分布,D50为5.94μm。
图11为实施例2盐酸奥替尼啶微球粒径分布,D50为5.40μm。
图12为实施例3盐酸奥替尼啶微球粒径分布,D50为5.44μm。
图13为实施例4盐酸奥替尼啶微球粒径分布,D50为5.50μm。
图14为实施例5盐酸奥替尼啶微球粒径分布,D50为5.43μm。
(三)释药性能检测结果与说明
1.检测方法为:
首先,以空白样作为对照,在270nm下测定不同浓度奥替尼啶药物(0.005%、0.002%、0.001%、0.0005%、0.0002%)的吸光值,绘制出标准曲线。
其次,本实验采用正相透析法:将奥替尼啶微球的六个样分别装入透析袋中,加入1L PBS缓冲液,打开溶出仪搅拌桨,100r/min下,分别在5min、10min、20min、30min、45min、1h、1.5h、2h、2.5h、3h、3.5h、4h、5h、6h时间点处取样(用注射器取样,前面连接一个滤膜,每个样品每次取样5毫升,并同步补充5mL的PBS溶出液)。将取得的样和空白对照样均在5000rpm下离心5分钟,取上清液置于270nm下进行紫外分光光度计下测量吸光值,通过标准曲线得到奥替尼啶的浓度及其释药速率。
2.检测结果参见图15,可知:盐酸奥替尼啶微球均在90min左右时的累积释放度可达90%以上;各实施例的释药曲线相似度高,具有相似的释药特征。
(四)盐酸奥替尼啶微球包封率测试结果与说明
从图16中所示包封率的结果来看,五个实施例制得的盐酸奥替尼啶微球样品的包封率均高于90%,符合药典对于微球制剂包封率的要求。
综上可知:所制备脂质体微球的D50粒径为4.20~5.94μm,粒径分布近似正态;盐酸奥替尼啶微球在90分钟左右的累积释放度可达90%以上;脂质体对盐酸奥替尼啶的包封率大于90%;盐酸奥替尼啶微球混悬剂对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌具有明显的抗菌活性;盐酸奥替尼啶微球混悬剂的制备是成功的;且各个实施例的抗菌效果、粒径、累积释药量、包封率等都没有明显差异,质量稳定、可控。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂,其特征在于:以盐酸奥替尼啶为活性药物,以大豆磷脂与胆固醇为脂质体膜,以枸橼酸盐为pH缓冲剂,以水为分散介质,用薄膜分散法制得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂,其特征在于:具体设计配方为:
盐酸奥替尼啶0.05~0.5g;
大豆磷脂1.3~2.3g;
胆固醇0.3~0.9g;
柠檬酸盐缓冲液稀释液:60g。
3.权利要求1或2所述的盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)配置枸橼酸盐缓冲液稀释液
将枸橼酸盐缓冲液30g与蒸馏水以1:1体积比混合,配制为60g的稀释液,并水浴保温;
(2)制备盐酸奥替尼啶脂质膜
称取权利要求2中配比的大豆磷脂、盐酸奥替尼啶、胆固醇于烧杯中,加无水乙醇,于旋转蒸发仪上减压蒸馏除去乙醇,使盐酸奥替尼啶/大豆磷脂/胆固醇的乙醇溶液在壁上成膜,制得盐酸奥替尼啶脂质膜;
(3)制备盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂
将步骤(1)中枸橼酸盐缓冲稀释液加至步骤(2)中,于旋转蒸发仪上水化,搅拌均匀后制得盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中枸橼酸盐缓冲液为由柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、水组成,其中柠檬酸与柠檬酸钠的总摩尔浓度为0.1mol/L。
5.根据权利要求3所述的盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中调节PH值至3.0~4.0。
6.根据权利要求3所述的盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中水浴温度为55~60℃。
7.根据权利要求3所述的盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中无水乙醇用量为2.5~3.5g。
8.根据权利要求3所述的盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中加入无水乙醇后,在水浴55~60℃条件下搅拌。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种盐酸奥替尼啶脂质体微球抗菌混悬剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中水化条件为:温度55~60℃,转速为30转/分钟,时间为10~30分钟。
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